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法条评析(要求符合立法原意和刑法理论) 《刑法》第384条规定：“国家工作人员利用职务上的便利，挪用公款归个人使用。进行非法活动的，或者挪用公款数额较大。进行营利活动的。或者挪用公款数额较大...
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我国刑法第114条规定放火决水爆炸以及投放毒害性放射性 传染病病原体等物质或者以其他危险方法危害公共
中华人民共和国合同法第49条规定行为人没有代理权超越代理权或者代 理权终止后以被代理人名义订立合同相
中华人民共和国民法通则第139条规定在诉讼时效期间的最后6个月内因不可抗力或者其他障碍不能行使请求权
扩张解释是根据立法原意对刑法条文超过字面意思的解释
中华人民共和国民法通则第83条规定不动产的相邻各方应当按照有利生产方便生活团结互助公平合理的精神正
刑法第270条规定将代为保管的他人财物非法占为已有数额较大拒不退还的处二年以下有期徒刑拘役或者罚金数
一行为触犯数个刑法条文数个罪名实际上只构成一罪的情况在刑法理论上称为
想象竞合犯
法规竞合
结合犯
吸收犯
关于罪刑法定原则与刑法解释下列哪些选项是正确的
对甲法条中的“暴力”作扩大解释时，就不可能同时再作限制解释，但这并不意味着对乙法条中的“暴力”也须作扩大解释
《刑法》第237条规定的强制猥亵、侮辱罪中的“侮辱”，与《刑法》第246条规定的侮辱罪中的“侮辱”，客观内容相同、主观内容不同
当然解释是使刑法条文之间保持协调的解释方法，只要符合当然解释的原理，其解释结论就不会违反罪刑法定原则
对刑法分则条文的解释，必须同时符合两个要求：一是不能超出刑法用语可能具有的含义，二是必须符合分则条文的目的
案例分析案例分析要求得出结论并说明理由法条评析要求符合立法原意和刑法理论 甲某男26岁曾因盗窃罪被
甲秘密窃取他人持有的枪支该行为同时符合盗窃罪和盗窃枪支罪的犯罪构成按照我国刑法理论该行为属于
牵连犯
法条竞合
想象竞合犯
结果加重犯
中华人民共和国民法通则第139条规定在诉讼时效期间的最后6个月内因不可抗力或者其他障碍不能行使请求
下列有关扩张解释的说法正确的是
扩张解释属于文理解释的一种
扩张解释是根据立法原意，对刑法条文作超过字面意思的解释
扩张解释就是类推解释
扩张解释是对刑法条文作狭于字面意思的解释
法条评析要求符合立法原意和刑法理论 刑法第270条第1款第3款规定 将代为保管的他人财物非法占为
法条分析题中华人民共和国民法通则第63条第1款规定公民法人可以通过代理人实施民事法律行为试分析该法条
中华人民共和国物权法第39条规定所有权人对自己的不动产或者动产依法享有占有使用收益和处分的权利试分析
关于刑法解释下列哪一项是正确的
全国__法制工作委员会刑法室编的《中华人民共和国刑法条文说明,立法理由及相关规定》一书，认为应将《刑法》第114条中规定的"投毒罪"解释为"投放危险物质罪"，这一解释是立法解释
学理解释中的类推解释结论，被最高人民法院接受变成司法解释的内容后，这一解释结论就不再是类推解释
刑法理论界现在仍然认为，某一解释结论到底是扩大解释还是类推解释，很多时候难以划出明确的界限
根据罪刑法定原则，禁止对刑法规定进行类推解释，即便是有利于被告人的类推解释也是绝对禁止的
中华人民共和国物权法第15条规定当事人之间订立有关设立变更转让和消灭不动产物权的合同除法律另有规定或
关于罪刑法定原则与刑法解释下列哪些选项是正确的?
对甲法条中的“暴力”作扩大解释时，就不可能同时再作限制解释，但这并不意味着对乙法条中的“暴力”也须作扩大解释
《刑法》第237条规定的强制猥亵、侮辱罪中的“侮辱”，与《刑法》第246条规定的侮辱罪中的“侮辱”，客观内容相同、主观内容不同
当然解释是使刑法条文之间保持协调的解释方法，只要符合当然解释的原理，其解释结论就不会违反罪刑法定原则
对刑法分则条文的解释，必须同时符合两个要求：一是不能超出刑法用语可能具有的含义，二是必须符合分则条文的目的
中华人民共和国物权法第6条规定不动产物权的设立变更转让和消灭应当依照法律规定登记动产物权的设立和转让
以下各项中关于扩张解释的说法正确的是
扩张解释属于文理解释的一种
扩张解释是根据立法原意，对刑法条文超过字面意思的解释
扩张解释就是类推解释
扩张解释是对刑法条文作狭于字面意思的解释
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CanadiansliketothinkthatalthoughtheyarethejuniorpartnerintheirtraderelationswiththeUnitedStatesthe174billionbarrelsofprovenreservesintheoilsandsofAlbertaprovideapowerfulaceuptheirsleeveinanydealingswiththeirenergy-hungryneighbor.ThatbeliefhasnowbeenshakenbyanAmericanlawthatappearstoprohibitAmericangovernmentagenciesfrombuyingcrudeproducedintheoilsandsofthewesternprovince. 41.______.Butthatistheeffectofbanningfederalagenciesfrombuyingalternativeorsyntheticfuelincludingthatfromnon-conventionalsourcesiftheirproductionanduseresultinmoregreenhousegasesthanconventionaloil.TransformingAlberta’starrymuckintoabarrelofoilisanenergy-intensiveprocessthatproducesaboutthreetimestheemissionsofabarrelofconventionallightsweetcrude. HavingwokenbelatedlytothedangertheCanadiangovernmentisnowscramblingtosecureanexception.MichaelWilsonCanada’sambassadorinWashingtonhaswrittentoAmerica’ssecretaryofdefenseRobertGateswhosedepartmentisabigpurchaserofCanadianoilstressingAmericandependenceonCanadianoilelectricitynaturalgasanduraniumimportsandnotingthatsomeofthebiggestplayersintheAlbertaoilpatchareAmericancompanies.Mr.WilsonaddedplaintivelythatbothGeorgeBushandhisenergysecretarySamuelBodmanhavepubliclywelcomedexpandedoil-sandsproductiongiventheincreasedcontributiontoAmericanenergysecurity.42.______. ThefearinCanadaisthattheAmericanpurchasingrestrictionwhichatpresentappliesonlytofederalagenciesisthestartofawholesaleshifttogreeneraswellasmoreprotectionistpoliciesunderaCongressandpotentiallyaWhiteHousecontrolledbytheDemocrats.43.______. YetenvironmentalistspointoutthatCanadaisnowpayingforitsownfoot-draggingatthefederallevelongreeninitiatives.HavingsignedtheKyotoagreementunderapreviousLiberalgovernmentCanadadidlittletostopitsemissionsrising.Theyarenowalmost35%abovetheKyototarget.AndalthoughMr.BairdlikestodescribehisplanastoughitwillnotbringCanadaintolinewithKyoto.44.______. ThevaguenessoftheproposedfederalrulesdidnotstopthepremierofAlbertaEdStelmachfromgivingadefiantwarningthathewillstandupfortheinterestsofAlbertansreadoilindustryandwillbeexaminingtheconstitutiontoensurethatthefederalgovernment’sproposedplandoesnotintrudeonprovincialjurisdiction.HisprovincehasoneoftheweakestenvironmentalregimesinCanada. 45.______.ButevenifadealisreachedwiththeoutgoingBushadministrationanyexceptionforCanadamaybeshort-livedifgreeningDemocratstaketheWhiteHouseinNovember. [A]Since1999CanadahasbeenthelargestsupplierofU.S.crudeandrefinedoilimports.In2007Canadiancrudeoilandpetroleumproductsrepresented18%ofU.S.crudeoilimportsatnearly2.5millionbarrelsperday.From2005to2007thevolumeofCanadiancrudeoilexportstotheUnitedStatesincreasedby7.4%peryear. [B]JohnBairdtheCanadianenvironmentministerreferredthisweektotheAmericanmovewhenheunveilednewproposalstoreduceindustrialemissionsinCanadaincludingtheoilsandsby20%by2020. BigstateslikeCaliforniaweremakingsimilarpronouncementshetoldreporters.Theoilsandswereanimportantnationalresourcebuthadtobeexpandedinanenvironmentallyfriendlyway. [C]AsCanada’srepresentativeinWashingtonMr.WilsonisthepointmanonCanada’slobbyingeffortseithertokilltheBuyAmericanclauseortogetaspecialexemptionforCanada. [D]TheEnergyIndependenceandSecurityAct2007didnotsetouttodiscriminateagainstCanadaAmerica’sbiggestsupplierofoil. [E]WithenergyexportsmainlyfromAlbertadrivingtheCanadianeconomythisisnotahappythoughtforCanadians. [F]AlthoughtheCanadianembassysaysthattherehasbeennoofficialresponsetoMr.Wilson’slettertherearereportsoftalksgoingoninWashingtonaimedataddressingCanada’sconcerns. [G]Therulesfortheoilsandsnowthefastestgrowingsourceofgreenhousegaseshaveyettobefinalizedandwillnotcomeintoforceuntil2010.Furthermoretheyrelyoncarboncaptureapromisingbutunproventechnology. 42
Text4 HereisaquickwaytospoilaBrussels dinnerparty.Simplysuggestthatworldgovernanceisslippingawayfromthe G20G7G8orotherbodiesinwhichEuropeansmayhoguptohalftheseats. ThenproposewithgloomyrelishthatthefuturebelongstotheG2:newly fashionablejargonforaputativebodyformedbyChinaandAmerica. ThefearofirrelevancehauntsEuro-typesforalltheirpublicboasting aboutEurope’sfuturemight.ThethoughtthattheEuropeanUnionmightnot greatlyinterestChinaisespeciallypainful.Afterallthe21stcenturywas meanttobedifferent.IndeedtoearlierleaderslikeFrance’sJacquesChirac arisingChinawaswelcomeasanotherchallengetoAmericanhegemonyushering inamultipolarworldinwhichtheEUwouldplayabigrole.Ifthatmeant kow-towingtoChinesedemandstoshunTaiwansnubtheDalaiLamaortonedown criticismofhuman-rightsabusessobeit.MostEUcountriesfocusedon commercialdiplomacywithChinatoensurethattheirleaders’visitscouldend withflashingcamerasandthesigningofjuicycontracts. MeanwhileEurope’stradedeficitwithChinahitnearly∈170billion$ 250billionlastyear.InfiveyearsChinawants60%ofcarpartsinnew Chinesevehiclestobelocallymade.ThisisalarmingnewsforGermanythe leadingEuropeanexportertoChinathankstocarpartsmachinetoolsandother widgets.AseverEuropeansdisagreeoverhowtorespond.Some arewillingtochallengeChinapolitically—forexampleGermanyBritain SwedenandtheNetherlands.Buttheyaremostlyfreetraders.Thatmakesthem hostilewhenothercountriescallforprotectionagainstallegedChinese cheating.IncontrastablockofmostlysouthernandcentralEuropeansdubbed accommodatingmercantilistsbytheECFRTheEuropeanCouncilonForeign Relationsarequicktocallforanti-dumpingmeasures:Butthatmakesthem anxioustokeepbroaderrelationssweetbybowingtoChinaonpolitical issues.TheresultisthatEuropeanpoliticiansoftenfind themselvesdefendingunconditionalengagementwithChina.Theusualclaimis thatthiswillslowlytransformthecountryintoafreermoreresponsible stakeholderintheworld.ThesecretitismurmuredistoletEuropeweave Chinaintoanentanglingwebofagreementsandsectoraldialogues.In2007no fewerthan450EuropeandelegationsvisitedChina.BigcountrieslikeFranceand BritainaddtheirownbilateraldialoguesnottrustingtheEUtoprotecttheir interestsordothejobproperly.TherearenowsixparallelEUandnational dialogueswithChinaonclimatechangefor example.WhatisEuropeanfearofirrelevance
Themajorityofpeopleaboutnineoutoftenareright-handed.1untilrecentlypeoplewhowereleft-handedwereconsidered2andoncechildrenshowedthistendencytheywereforcedtousetheirrighthands.Todayleft-handednessisgenerally3butitisstilladisadvantageinaworld4mostpeopleareright-handed.Forexamplemosttoolsandimplementsarestill5forright-handedpeople. Insports6contrastdoingthingswiththelefthandorfoot.isoftenanadvantage.Throwingkickingpunchingorbattingfromthe"7"sidemayresultinthrowing8manyopponentswhoaremoreaccustomedtodealingwiththe9ofplayerswhoareright-handed.Thisiswhyinmany10ataprofessionallevela11proportionofplayersareleft-handedthaninthepopulationasawhole. Theword"right"inmanylanguagesmeans"correct"oris12withlawfulnesswhereasthewordsassociated13"left"suchas"sinister"generallyhave14associations.Moreoveramonganumberofprimitivepeoplesthereis15closeassociationbetweendeathandthelefthand. Inthepastin16westernsocietieschildrenwereoftenforcedtousetheirrighthandsespeciallytowritewith.Insomecasesthelefthandwas17behindthechild’sbacksothatitcouldnotbeused.Ifinthefuturetheyareallowedtochoose18willcertainlybemoreleft-handersandprobably19peoplewithminorpsychologicaldisturbancesasaresultofbeingforcedtousetheir20hand. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.2
Whereonestageofchilddevelopmenthasbeenleftoutornotsufficientlyexperiencedthechildmayhavetogobackandcapturetheexperienceofit.Agoodhomemakesthispossibleforexamplebyprovidingtheopportunityforthechildtoplaywithaclockworkcarortoyrailwaytrainuptoanyageifhestillneedstodoso.46Thisprincipleinfactunderliesallpsychologicaltreatmentofchildrenindifficultieswiththeirdevelopmentandisthebasisofworkinchildclinics. Thebeginningsofdisciplineareinthenursery.Eventheyoungestbabyistaughtbygradualstagestowaitforfoodtosleepandwakeatregularintervalsandsoon.Ifthechildfeelstheworldaroundhimisawarmandfriendlyoneheslowlyacceptsitsrhythmandaccustomshimselftoconformingtoitsdemands.47Learningtowaitforthingsparticularlyforfoodisaveryimportantelementinupbringingandisachievedsuccessfullyonlyiftoogreatdemandsarenotmadebeforethechildcanunderstandthem. Everyparentwatcheseagerlythechild’sacquisitionofeachnewskill—thefirstspokenwordsthefirstindependentstepsorthebeginningofreadingandwriting.48Itisoftentemptingtohurrythechildbeyondhisnaturallearningratebutthiscansetupdangerousfeelingoffailureandstatesofanxietyinthechild.Thismighthappenatanystage.Ababymightbeforcedtouseatoilettooearly;ayoungchildmightbeencouragedtolearntoreadbeforeheknowsthemeaningofthewordshereads.49Ontheotherhandthoughifachildisleftalonetoomuchorwithoutanylearningopportunitiesheloseshisnaturalzestforlifeandhisdesiretofindoutnewthingsforhimself. Learningtogetherisafruitsourceofrelationshipbetweenchildrenandparents.Byplayingtogetherparentslearnmoreabouttheirchildrenandchildrenlearnmorefromtheirparents.Toysandgameswhichbothparentsandchildrencanshareareanimportantmeansofachievingthisco-operation.Building-blocktoysjigsawpuzzlesandcrosswordaregoodexamples. Parentsvarygreatlyintheirdegreeofstrictnessorindulgencetowardstheirchildren.Somemaybeespeciallystrictinmoneymatters;othersaresevereovertimesofcominghomeatnightpunctualityformealsorpersonalcleanliness.50Ingeneralthecontrolsimposedrepresenttheneedsoftheparentsandthevaluesofthecommunityasmuchasthechild’sownhappinessandwell-being. Thisprincipleinfactunderliesallpsychologicaltreatmentofchildrenindifficultieswiththeirdevelopmentandisthebasisofworkinchildclinics.
AstudybyscientistsinFinlandhasfoundthatmobilephoneradiationcancausechangesinhumancellsthatmightaffectthebraintheleaderoftheresearchteamsaid. ButDariusLeszczynskiwhoheadedthe2-yearstudyandwillpresentfindingsnextweekataconferenceinQuebecsaidmoreresearchwasneededtodeterminetheseriousnessofthechangesandtheirimpactonthebrainorthebody. ThestudyatFinland’sRadiationandNuclearSafetyAuthorityfoundthatexposuretoradiationfrommobilephonescancauseincreasedactivityinhundredsofproteinsinhumancellsgrowninalaboratoryhesaid. "Weknowthatthereissomebiologicalresponse.Wecandetectitwithourverysensitiveapproachesbutwedonotknowwhetheritcanhaveanyphysiologicaleffectsonthehumanbrainorhumanbody"Leszczynskisaid. NonethelessthestudytheinitialfindingsofwhichwerepublishedlastmonthinthescientificjournalDifferentiationraisesnewquestionsaboutwhethermobilephoneradiationcanweaker/thebrain’sprotectiveshieldagainstharmfulsubstances. Thestudyfocusedonchangesincellsthatlinebloodvesselsandonwhethersuchchangescouldweakenthefunctioningoftheblood-brainbarrierwhichpreventspotentiallyharmfulsubstancesfromenteringthebrainfromthebloodstreamLeszczynskisaid. Thestudyfoundthataproteincalledhsp27linkedtothefunctioningofthebloodbrainbarriershowedincreasedactivityduetoirradiationandpointedtoapossibilitythatsuchactivitycouldmaketheshieldmorepermeablehesaid. "Increasedproteinactivitymightcausecellstoshrink--notthebloodvesselsbutthecellsthemselves—andthentinygapscouldappearbetweenthosecellsthroughwhichsomemoleculescouldpass."hesaid. LeszczynskideclinedtospeculateonwhatkindofhealthrisksthatcouldposebutsaidaFrenchstudyindicatedthatheadachefatigueandsleepdisorderscouldresult. "Thesearenotlife-threateningproblemsbutcancausealotofdiscomfort"hesaidaddingthataSwedishgrouphadalsosuggestedapossiblelinkwithAlzheimer’sdisease. "WherethetruthisIdonotknow"hesaid. Leszczynskisaidthathehiswifeandchildrenusemobilephonesandhesaidthathedidnotthinkhisstudysuggestedanyneedfornewrestrictionsonmobilephoneuse. What’stheresultoftheFrenchstudy
Themajorityofpeopleaboutnineoutoftenareright-handed.1untilrecentlypeoplewhowereleft-handedwereconsidered2andoncechildrenshowedthistendencytheywereforcedtousetheirrighthands.Todayleft-handednessisgenerally3butitisstilladisadvantageinaworld4mostpeopleareright-handed.Forexamplemosttoolsandimplementsarestill5forright-handedpeople. Insports6contrastdoingthingswiththelefthandorfoot.isoftenanadvantage.Throwingkickingpunchingorbattingfromthe"7"sidemayresultinthrowing8manyopponentswhoaremoreaccustomedtodealingwiththe9ofplayerswhoareright-handed.Thisiswhyinmany10ataprofessionallevela11proportionofplayersareleft-handedthaninthepopulationasawhole. Theword"right"inmanylanguagesmeans"correct"oris12withlawfulnesswhereasthewordsassociated13"left"suchas"sinister"generallyhave14associations.Moreoveramonganumberofprimitivepeoplesthereis15closeassociationbetweendeathandthelefthand. Inthepastin16westernsocietieschildrenwereoftenforcedtousetheirrighthandsespeciallytowritewith.Insomecasesthelefthandwas17behindthechild’sbacksothatitcouldnotbeused.Ifinthefuturetheyareallowedtochoose18willcertainlybemoreleft-handersandprobably19peoplewithminorpsychologicaldisturbancesasaresultofbeingforcedtousetheir20hand. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.18
Themajorityofpeopleaboutnineoutoftenareright-handed.1untilrecentlypeoplewhowereleft-handedwereconsidered2andoncechildrenshowedthistendencytheywereforcedtousetheirrighthands.Todayleft-handednessisgenerally3butitisstilladisadvantageinaworld4mostpeopleareright-handed.Forexamplemosttoolsandimplementsarestill5forright-handedpeople. Insports6contrastdoingthingswiththelefthandorfoot.isoftenanadvantage.Throwingkickingpunchingorbattingfromthe"7"sidemayresultinthrowing8manyopponentswhoaremoreaccustomedtodealingwiththe9ofplayerswhoareright-handed.Thisiswhyinmany10ataprofessionallevela11proportionofplayersareleft-handedthaninthepopulationasawhole. Theword"right"inmanylanguagesmeans"correct"oris12withlawfulnesswhereasthewordsassociated13"left"suchas"sinister"generallyhave14associations.Moreoveramonganumberofprimitivepeoplesthereis15closeassociationbetweendeathandthelefthand. Inthepastin16westernsocietieschildrenwereoftenforcedtousetheirrighthandsespeciallytowritewith.Insomecasesthelefthandwas17behindthechild’sbacksothatitcouldnotbeused.Ifinthefuturetheyareallowedtochoose18willcertainlybemoreleft-handersandprobably19peoplewithminorpsychologicaldisturbancesasaresultofbeingforcedtousetheir20hand. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.16
Themajorityofpeopleaboutnineoutoftenareright-handed.1untilrecentlypeoplewhowereleft-handedwereconsidered2andoncechildrenshowedthistendencytheywereforcedtousetheirrighthands.Todayleft-handednessisgenerally3butitisstilladisadvantageinaworld4mostpeopleareright-handed.Forexamplemosttoolsandimplementsarestill5forright-handedpeople. Insports6contrastdoingthingswiththelefthandorfoot.isoftenanadvantage.Throwingkickingpunchingorbattingfromthe"7"sidemayresultinthrowing8manyopponentswhoaremoreaccustomedtodealingwiththe9ofplayerswhoareright-handed.Thisiswhyinmany10ataprofessionallevela11proportionofplayersareleft-handedthaninthepopulationasawhole. Theword"right"inmanylanguagesmeans"correct"oris12withlawfulnesswhereasthewordsassociated13"left"suchas"sinister"generallyhave14associations.Moreoveramonganumberofprimitivepeoplesthereis15closeassociationbetweendeathandthelefthand. Inthepastin16westernsocietieschildrenwereoftenforcedtousetheirrighthandsespeciallytowritewith.Insomecasesthelefthandwas17behindthechild’sbacksothatitcouldnotbeused.Ifinthefuturetheyareallowedtochoose18willcertainlybemoreleft-handersandprobably19peoplewithminorpsychologicaldisturbancesasaresultofbeingforcedtousetheir20hand. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.8
Whereonestageofchilddevelopmenthasbeenleftoutornotsufficientlyexperiencedthechildmayhavetogobackandcapturetheexperienceofit.Agoodhomemakesthispossibleforexamplebyprovidingtheopportunityforthechildtoplaywithaclockworkcarortoyrailwaytrainuptoanyageifhestillneedstodoso.46Thisprincipleinfactunderliesallpsychologicaltreatmentofchildrenindifficultieswiththeirdevelopmentandisthebasisofworkinchildclinics. Thebeginningsofdisciplineareinthenursery.Eventheyoungestbabyistaughtbygradualstagestowaitforfoodtosleepandwakeatregularintervalsandsoon.Ifthechildfeelstheworldaroundhimisawarmandfriendlyoneheslowlyacceptsitsrhythmandaccustomshimselftoconformingtoitsdemands.47Learningtowaitforthingsparticularlyforfoodisaveryimportantelementinupbringingandisachievedsuccessfullyonlyiftoogreatdemandsarenotmadebeforethechildcanunderstandthem. Everyparentwatcheseagerlythechild’sacquisitionofeachnewskill—thefirstspokenwordsthefirstindependentstepsorthebeginningofreadingandwriting.48Itisoftentemptingtohurrythechildbeyondhisnaturallearningratebutthiscansetupdangerousfeelingoffailureandstatesofanxietyinthechild.Thismighthappenatanystage.Ababymightbeforcedtouseatoilettooearly;ayoungchildmightbeencouragedtolearntoreadbeforeheknowsthemeaningofthewordshereads.49Ontheotherhandthoughifachildisleftalonetoomuchorwithoutanylearningopportunitiesheloseshisnaturalzestforlifeandhisdesiretofindoutnewthingsforhimself. Learningtogetherisafruitsourceofrelationshipbetweenchildrenandparents.Byplayingtogetherparentslearnmoreabouttheirchildrenandchildrenlearnmorefromtheirparents.Toysandgameswhichbothparentsandchildrencanshareareanimportantmeansofachievingthisco-operation.Building-blocktoysjigsawpuzzlesandcrosswordaregoodexamples. Parentsvarygreatlyintheirdegreeofstrictnessorindulgencetowardstheirchildren.Somemaybeespeciallystrictinmoneymatters;othersaresevereovertimesofcominghomeatnightpunctualityformealsorpersonalcleanliness.50Ingeneralthecontrolsimposedrepresenttheneedsoftheparentsandthevaluesofthecommunityasmuchasthechild’sownhappinessandwell-being. Ingeneralthecontrolsimposedrepresenttheneedsoftheparentsandthevaluesofthecommunityasmuchasthechild’sownhappinessandwell-being.
Text4 HereisaquickwaytospoilaBrussels dinnerparty.Simplysuggestthatworldgovernanceisslippingawayfromthe G20G7G8orotherbodiesinwhichEuropeansmayhoguptohalftheseats. ThenproposewithgloomyrelishthatthefuturebelongstotheG2:newly fashionablejargonforaputativebodyformedbyChinaandAmerica. ThefearofirrelevancehauntsEuro-typesforalltheirpublicboasting aboutEurope’sfuturemight.ThethoughtthattheEuropeanUnionmightnot greatlyinterestChinaisespeciallypainful.Afterallthe21stcenturywas meanttobedifferent.IndeedtoearlierleaderslikeFrance’sJacquesChirac arisingChinawaswelcomeasanotherchallengetoAmericanhegemonyushering inamultipolarworldinwhichtheEUwouldplayabigrole.Ifthatmeant kow-towingtoChinesedemandstoshunTaiwansnubtheDalaiLamaortonedown criticismofhuman-rightsabusessobeit.MostEUcountriesfocusedon commercialdiplomacywithChinatoensurethattheirleaders’visitscouldend withflashingcamerasandthesigningofjuicycontracts. MeanwhileEurope’stradedeficitwithChinahitnearly∈170billion$ 250billionlastyear.InfiveyearsChinawants60%ofcarpartsinnew Chinesevehiclestobelocallymade.ThisisalarmingnewsforGermanythe leadingEuropeanexportertoChinathankstocarpartsmachinetoolsandother widgets.AseverEuropeansdisagreeoverhowtorespond.Some arewillingtochallengeChinapolitically—forexampleGermanyBritain SwedenandtheNetherlands.Buttheyaremostlyfreetraders.Thatmakesthem hostilewhenothercountriescallforprotectionagainstallegedChinese cheating.IncontrastablockofmostlysouthernandcentralEuropeansdubbed accommodatingmercantilistsbytheECFRTheEuropeanCouncilonForeign Relationsarequicktocallforanti-dumpingmeasures:Butthatmakesthem anxioustokeepbroaderrelationssweetbybowingtoChinaonpolitical issues.TheresultisthatEuropeanpoliticiansoftenfind themselvesdefendingunconditionalengagementwithChina.Theusualclaimis thatthiswillslowlytransformthecountryintoafreermoreresponsible stakeholderintheworld.ThesecretitismurmuredistoletEuropeweave Chinaintoanentanglingwebofagreementsandsectoraldialogues.In2007no fewerthan450EuropeandelegationsvisitedChina.BigcountrieslikeFranceand BritainaddtheirownbilateraldialoguesnottrustingtheEUtoprotecttheir interestsordothejobproperly.TherearenowsixparallelEUandnational dialogueswithChinaonclimatechangefor example.Thelastsentenceofthepassagesuggeststhat
Text3 Tounderstandhowastrologyworkswe shouldfirsttakeaquicklookatthesky.Althoughthestarsareatenormous distancestheydoindeedgivetheimpressionofbeingaffixedtotheinner surfaceofagreathollowspheresurroundingtheearth.Ancientpeopleinfact literallybelievedintheexistenceofsuchacelestialsphere.Astheearth spinsonitsaxisthecelestialsphereappearstoturnaboutuseachday pivotingatpointsonalinewiththeearth’saxisofrotation.Thisdaily turningofthespherecarriesthestarsaroundtheskycausingmostofthemto riseandsetbuttheyandconstellationstheydefinemaintainfixedpatterns onthespherejustasthecontinentofAustraliamaintainsitsshapeona spinningglobeoftheearth.Thusthestarswerecalledfixedstars. Themotionofthesunalongtheeclipticisofcoursemerelya reflectionoftherevolutionoftheeartharoundthesunbuttheancients believedtheearthwasfixedandthesunhadanindependentmotionofitsown eastwardamongthestars.Theglareofsunlighthidesthestarsindaytimebut theancientswereawarethatthestarswereupthereevenatnightandtheslow eastwardmotionofthesunaroundtheskyattherateofaboutthirtydegrees eachmonthcauseddifferentstarstobevisibleatnightatdifferenttimesof theyear.Themoonrevolvingaroundtheeartheachmonthalso hasanindependentmotioninthesky.Themoonhoweverchangesitposition relativelyrapidly.AlthoughitappearstoriseandSeteachdayasdoesnearly everythingelseintheskywecanseethemoonchangingpositionduringas shortanintervalasanhourorso.Themoon’spatharoundtheearthliesnearly inthesameplaneastheearth’spatharoundthesunsothemoonisneverseen veryfarfromtheeclipticinthesky.Therearefiveotherobjectsvisibleto thenakedeyethatalsoappeartomoveinrespecttothefixedbackgroundof starsonthecelestialsphere.ThesearetheplanetsMercuryVenusMars JupiterandSaturn.Allofthemrevolvearoundthesuninnearlythesameplane astheearthdoes.Sotheylikethemoonalwaysappearneartheecliptic. Becauseweseetheplanetsfromthemovingearthhowevertheybehaveina complicatedwaywiththeirapparentmotionsonthecelestialspherereflecting boththeirownindependentmotionsaroundthesunandourmotionas well.Accordingtothelastparagraphfiveotherplanets
Themajorityofpeopleaboutnineoutoftenareright-handed.1untilrecentlypeoplewhowereleft-handedwereconsidered2andoncechildrenshowedthistendencytheywereforcedtousetheirrighthands.Todayleft-handednessisgenerally3butitisstilladisadvantageinaworld4mostpeopleareright-handed.Forexamplemosttoolsandimplementsarestill5forright-handedpeople. Insports6contrastdoingthingswiththelefthandorfoot.isoftenanadvantage.Throwingkickingpunchingorbattingfromthe"7"sidemayresultinthrowing8manyopponentswhoaremoreaccustomedtodealingwiththe9ofplayerswhoareright-handed.Thisiswhyinmany10ataprofessionallevela11proportionofplayersareleft-handedthaninthepopulationasawhole. Theword"right"inmanylanguagesmeans"correct"oris12withlawfulnesswhereasthewordsassociated13"left"suchas"sinister"generallyhave14associations.Moreoveramonganumberofprimitivepeoplesthereis15closeassociationbetweendeathandthelefthand. Inthepastin16westernsocietieschildrenwereoftenforcedtousetheirrighthandsespeciallytowritewith.Insomecasesthelefthandwas17behindthechild’sbacksothatitcouldnotbeused.Ifinthefuturetheyareallowedtochoose18willcertainlybemoreleft-handersandprobably19peoplewithminorpsychologicaldisturbancesasaresultofbeingforcedtousetheir20hand. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.14
Themajorityofpeopleaboutnineoutoftenareright-handed.1untilrecentlypeoplewhowereleft-handedwereconsidered2andoncechildrenshowedthistendencytheywereforcedtousetheirrighthands.Todayleft-handednessisgenerally3butitisstilladisadvantageinaworld4mostpeopleareright-handed.Forexamplemosttoolsandimplementsarestill5forright-handedpeople. Insports6contrastdoingthingswiththelefthandorfoot.isoftenanadvantage.Throwingkickingpunchingorbattingfromthe"7"sidemayresultinthrowing8manyopponentswhoaremoreaccustomedtodealingwiththe9ofplayerswhoareright-handed.Thisiswhyinmany10ataprofessionallevela11proportionofplayersareleft-handedthaninthepopulationasawhole. Theword"right"inmanylanguagesmeans"correct"oris12withlawfulnesswhereasthewordsassociated13"left"suchas"sinister"generallyhave14associations.Moreoveramonganumberofprimitivepeoplesthereis15closeassociationbetweendeathandthelefthand. Inthepastin16westernsocietieschildrenwereoftenforcedtousetheirrighthandsespeciallytowritewith.Insomecasesthelefthandwas17behindthechild’sbacksothatitcouldnotbeused.Ifinthefuturetheyareallowedtochoose18willcertainlybemoreleft-handersandprobably19peoplewithminorpsychologicaldisturbancesasaresultofbeingforcedtousetheir20hand. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10
Themajorityofpeopleaboutnineoutoftenareright-handed.1untilrecentlypeoplewhowereleft-handedwereconsidered2andoncechildrenshowedthistendencytheywereforcedtousetheirrighthands.Todayleft-handednessisgenerally3butitisstilladisadvantageinaworld4mostpeopleareright-handed.Forexamplemosttoolsandimplementsarestill5forright-handedpeople. Insports6contrastdoingthingswiththelefthandorfoot.isoftenanadvantage.Throwingkickingpunchingorbattingfromthe"7"sidemayresultinthrowing8manyopponentswhoaremoreaccustomedtodealingwiththe9ofplayerswhoareright-handed.Thisiswhyinmany10ataprofessionallevela11proportionofplayersareleft-handedthaninthepopulationasawhole. Theword"right"inmanylanguagesmeans"correct"oris12withlawfulnesswhereasthewordsassociated13"left"suchas"sinister"generallyhave14associations.Moreoveramonganumberofprimitivepeoplesthereis15closeassociationbetweendeathandthelefthand. Inthepastin16westernsocietieschildrenwereoftenforcedtousetheirrighthandsespeciallytowritewith.Insomecasesthelefthandwas17behindthechild’sbacksothatitcouldnotbeused.Ifinthefuturetheyareallowedtochoose18willcertainlybemoreleft-handersandprobably19peoplewithminorpsychologicaldisturbancesasaresultofbeingforcedtousetheir20hand. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.12
Themajorityofpeopleaboutnineoutoftenareright-handed.1untilrecentlypeoplewhowereleft-handedwereconsidered2andoncechildrenshowedthistendencytheywereforcedtousetheirrighthands.Todayleft-handednessisgenerally3butitisstilladisadvantageinaworld4mostpeopleareright-handed.Forexamplemosttoolsandimplementsarestill5forright-handedpeople. Insports6contrastdoingthingswiththelefthandorfoot.isoftenanadvantage.Throwingkickingpunchingorbattingfromthe"7"sidemayresultinthrowing8manyopponentswhoaremoreaccustomedtodealingwiththe9ofplayerswhoareright-handed.Thisiswhyinmany10ataprofessionallevela11proportionofplayersareleft-handedthaninthepopulationasawhole. Theword"right"inmanylanguagesmeans"correct"oris12withlawfulnesswhereasthewordsassociated13"left"suchas"sinister"generallyhave14associations.Moreoveramonganumberofprimitivepeoplesthereis15closeassociationbetweendeathandthelefthand. Inthepastin16westernsocietieschildrenwereoftenforcedtousetheirrighthandsespeciallytowritewith.Insomecasesthelefthandwas17behindthechild’sbacksothatitcouldnotbeused.Ifinthefuturetheyareallowedtochoose18willcertainlybemoreleft-handersandprobably19peoplewithminorpsychologicaldisturbancesasaresultofbeingforcedtousetheir20hand. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.4
Text4 HereisaquickwaytospoilaBrussels dinnerparty.Simplysuggestthatworldgovernanceisslippingawayfromthe G20G7G8orotherbodiesinwhichEuropeansmayhoguptohalftheseats. ThenproposewithgloomyrelishthatthefuturebelongstotheG2:newly fashionablejargonforaputativebodyformedbyChinaandAmerica. ThefearofirrelevancehauntsEuro-typesforalltheirpublicboasting aboutEurope’sfuturemight.ThethoughtthattheEuropeanUnionmightnot greatlyinterestChinaisespeciallypainful.Afterallthe21stcenturywas meanttobedifferent.IndeedtoearlierleaderslikeFrance’sJacquesChirac arisingChinawaswelcomeasanotherchallengetoAmericanhegemonyushering inamultipolarworldinwhichtheEUwouldplayabigrole.Ifthatmeant kow-towingtoChinesedemandstoshunTaiwansnubtheDalaiLamaortonedown criticismofhuman-rightsabusessobeit.MostEUcountriesfocusedon commercialdiplomacywithChinatoensurethattheirleaders’visitscouldend withflashingcamerasandthesigningofjuicycontracts. MeanwhileEurope’stradedeficitwithChinahitnearly∈170billion$ 250billionlastyear.InfiveyearsChinawants60%ofcarpartsinnew Chinesevehiclestobelocallymade.ThisisalarmingnewsforGermanythe leadingEuropeanexportertoChinathankstocarpartsmachinetoolsandother widgets.AseverEuropeansdisagreeoverhowtorespond.Some arewillingtochallengeChinapolitically—forexampleGermanyBritain SwedenandtheNetherlands.Buttheyaremostlyfreetraders.Thatmakesthem hostilewhenothercountriescallforprotectionagainstallegedChinese cheating.IncontrastablockofmostlysouthernandcentralEuropeansdubbed accommodatingmercantilistsbytheECFRTheEuropeanCouncilonForeign Relationsarequicktocallforanti-dumpingmeasures:Butthatmakesthem anxioustokeepbroaderrelationssweetbybowingtoChinaonpolitical issues.TheresultisthatEuropeanpoliticiansoftenfind themselvesdefendingunconditionalengagementwithChina.Theusualclaimis thatthiswillslowlytransformthecountryintoafreermoreresponsible stakeholderintheworld.ThesecretitismurmuredistoletEuropeweave Chinaintoanentanglingwebofagreementsandsectoraldialogues.In2007no fewerthan450EuropeandelegationsvisitedChina.BigcountrieslikeFranceand BritainaddtheirownbilateraldialoguesnottrustingtheEUtoprotecttheir interestsordothejobproperly.TherearenowsixparallelEUandnational dialogueswithChinaonclimatechangefor example.TodealwiththetradedeficitwithChinaEuropeans
Directions:Writeanessayof160～200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawings.Inyouressayyoushould: 1describethepicturesbriefly 2explainitsintendedmeaningandthen 3supportyourviewwithanexample/examples. YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.
Themajorityofpeopleaboutnineoutoftenareright-handed.1untilrecentlypeoplewhowereleft-handedwereconsidered2andoncechildrenshowedthistendencytheywereforcedtousetheirrighthands.Todayleft-handednessisgenerally3butitisstilladisadvantageinaworld4mostpeopleareright-handed.Forexamplemosttoolsandimplementsarestill5forright-handedpeople. Insports6contrastdoingthingswiththelefthandorfoot.isoftenanadvantage.Throwingkickingpunchingorbattingfromthe"7"sidemayresultinthrowing8manyopponentswhoaremoreaccustomedtodealingwiththe9ofplayerswhoareright-handed.Thisiswhyinmany10ataprofessionallevela11proportionofplayersareleft-handedthaninthepopulationasawhole. Theword"right"inmanylanguagesmeans"correct"oris12withlawfulnesswhereasthewordsassociated13"left"suchas"sinister"generallyhave14associations.Moreoveramonganumberofprimitivepeoplesthereis15closeassociationbetweendeathandthelefthand. Inthepastin16westernsocietieschildrenwereoftenforcedtousetheirrighthandsespeciallytowritewith.Insomecasesthelefthandwas17behindthechild’sbacksothatitcouldnotbeused.Ifinthefuturetheyareallowedtochoose18willcertainlybemoreleft-handersandprobably19peoplewithminorpsychologicaldisturbancesasaresultofbeingforcedtousetheir20hand. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.6
Themajorityofpeopleaboutnineoutoftenareright-handed.1untilrecentlypeoplewhowereleft-handedwereconsidered2andoncechildrenshowedthistendencytheywereforcedtousetheirrighthands.Todayleft-handednessisgenerally3butitisstilladisadvantageinaworld4mostpeopleareright-handed.Forexamplemosttoolsandimplementsarestill5forright-handedpeople. Insports6contrastdoingthingswiththelefthandorfoot.isoftenanadvantage.Throwingkickingpunchingorbattingfromthe"7"sidemayresultinthrowing8manyopponentswhoaremoreaccustomedtodealingwiththe9ofplayerswhoareright-handed.Thisiswhyinmany10ataprofessionallevela11proportionofplayersareleft-handedthaninthepopulationasawhole. Theword"right"inmanylanguagesmeans"correct"oris12withlawfulnesswhereasthewordsassociated13"left"suchas"sinister"generallyhave14associations.Moreoveramonganumberofprimitivepeoplesthereis15closeassociationbetweendeathandthelefthand. Inthepastin16westernsocietieschildrenwereoftenforcedtousetheirrighthandsespeciallytowritewith.Insomecasesthelefthandwas17behindthechild’sbacksothatitcouldnotbeused.Ifinthefuturetheyareallowedtochoose18willcertainlybemoreleft-handersandprobably19peoplewithminorpsychologicaldisturbancesasaresultofbeingforcedtousetheir20hand. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.20
CanadiansliketothinkthatalthoughtheyarethejuniorpartnerintheirtraderelationswiththeUnitedStatesthe174billionbarrelsofprovenreservesintheoilsandsofAlbertaprovideapowerfulaceuptheirsleeveinanydealingswiththeirenergy-hungryneighbor.ThatbeliefhasnowbeenshakenbyanAmericanlawthatappearstoprohibitAmericangovernmentagenciesfrombuyingcrudeproducedintheoilsandsofthewesternprovince. 41.______.Butthatistheeffectofbanningfederalagenciesfrombuyingalternativeorsyntheticfuelincludingthatfromnon-conventionalsourcesiftheirproductionanduseresultinmoregreenhousegasesthanconventionaloil.TransformingAlberta’starrymuckintoabarrelofoilisanenergy-intensiveprocessthatproducesaboutthreetimestheemissionsofabarrelofconventionallightsweetcrude. HavingwokenbelatedlytothedangertheCanadiangovernmentisnowscramblingtosecureanexception.MichaelWilsonCanada’sambassadorinWashingtonhaswrittentoAmerica’ssecretaryofdefenseRobertGateswhosedepartmentisabigpurchaserofCanadianoilstressingAmericandependenceonCanadianoilelectricitynaturalgasanduraniumimportsandnotingthatsomeofthebiggestplayersintheAlbertaoilpatchareAmericancompanies.Mr.WilsonaddedplaintivelythatbothGeorgeBushandhisenergysecretarySamuelBodmanhavepubliclywelcomedexpandedoil-sandsproductiongiventheincreasedcontributiontoAmericanenergysecurity.42.______. ThefearinCanadaisthattheAmericanpurchasingrestrictionwhichatpresentappliesonlytofederalagenciesisthestartofawholesaleshifttogreeneraswellasmoreprotectionistpoliciesunderaCongressandpotentiallyaWhiteHousecontrolledbytheDemocrats.43.______. YetenvironmentalistspointoutthatCanadaisnowpayingforitsownfoot-draggingatthefederallevelongreeninitiatives.HavingsignedtheKyotoagreementunderapreviousLiberalgovernmentCanadadidlittletostopitsemissionsrising.Theyarenowalmost35%abovetheKyototarget.AndalthoughMr.BairdlikestodescribehisplanastoughitwillnotbringCanadaintolinewithKyoto.44.______. ThevaguenessoftheproposedfederalrulesdidnotstopthepremierofAlbertaEdStelmachfromgivingadefiantwarningthathewillstandupfortheinterestsofAlbertansreadoilindustryandwillbeexaminingtheconstitutiontoensurethatthefederalgovernment’sproposedplandoesnotintrudeonprovincialjurisdiction.HisprovincehasoneoftheweakestenvironmentalregimesinCanada. 45.______.ButevenifadealisreachedwiththeoutgoingBushadministrationanyexceptionforCanadamaybeshort-livedifgreeningDemocratstaketheWhiteHouseinNovember. [A]Since1999CanadahasbeenthelargestsupplierofU.S.crudeandrefinedoilimports.In2007Canadiancrudeoilandpetroleumproductsrepresented18%ofU.S.crudeoilimportsatnearly2.5millionbarrelsperday.From2005to2007thevolumeofCanadiancrudeoilexportstotheUnitedStatesincreasedby7.4%peryear. [B]JohnBairdtheCanadianenvironmentministerreferredthisweektotheAmericanmovewhenheunveilednewproposalstoreduceindustrialemissionsinCanadaincludingtheoilsandsby20%by2020. BigstateslikeCaliforniaweremakingsimilarpronouncementshetoldreporters.Theoilsandswereanimportantnationalresourcebuthadtobeexpandedinanenvironmentallyfriendlyway. [C]AsCanada’srepresentativeinWashingtonMr.WilsonisthepointmanonCanada’slobbyingeffortseithertokilltheBuyAmericanclauseortogetaspecialexemptionforCanada. [D]TheEnergyIndependenceandSecurityAct2007didnotsetouttodiscriminateagainstCanadaAmerica’sbiggestsupplierofoil. [E]WithenergyexportsmainlyfromAlbertadrivingtheCanadianeconomythisisnotahappythoughtforCanadians. [F]AlthoughtheCanadianembassysaysthattherehasbeennoofficialresponsetoMr.Wilson’slettertherearereportsoftalksgoingoninWashingtonaimedataddressingCanada’sconcerns. [G]Therulesfortheoilsandsnowthefastestgrowingsourceofgreenhousegaseshaveyettobefinalizedandwillnotcomeintoforceuntil2010.Furthermoretheyrelyoncarboncaptureapromisingbutunproventechnology. 44
Whereonestageofchilddevelopmenthasbeenleftoutornotsufficientlyexperiencedthechildmayhavetogobackandcapturetheexperienceofit.Agoodhomemakesthispossibleforexamplebyprovidingtheopportunityforthechildtoplaywithaclockworkcarortoyrailwaytrainuptoanyageifhestillneedstodoso.46Thisprincipleinfactunderliesallpsychologicaltreatmentofchildrenindifficultieswiththeirdevelopmentandisthebasisofworkinchildclinics. Thebeginningsofdisciplineareinthenursery.Eventheyoungestbabyistaughtbygradualstagestowaitforfoodtosleepandwakeatregularintervalsandsoon.Ifthechildfeelstheworldaroundhimisawarmandfriendlyoneheslowlyacceptsitsrhythmandaccustomshimselftoconformingtoitsdemands.47Learningtowaitforthingsparticularlyforfoodisaveryimportantelementinupbringingandisachievedsuccessfullyonlyiftoogreatdemandsarenotmadebeforethechildcanunderstandthem. Everyparentwatcheseagerlythechild’sacquisitionofeachnewskill—thefirstspokenwordsthefirstindependentstepsorthebeginningofreadingandwriting.48Itisoftentemptingtohurrythechildbeyondhisnaturallearningratebutthiscansetupdangerousfeelingoffailureandstatesofanxietyinthechild.Thismighthappenatanystage.Ababymightbeforcedtouseatoilettooearly;ayoungchildmightbeencouragedtolearntoreadbeforeheknowsthemeaningofthewordshereads.49Ontheotherhandthoughifachildisleftalonetoomuchorwithoutanylearningopportunitiesheloseshisnaturalzestforlifeandhisdesiretofindoutnewthingsforhimself. Learningtogetherisafruitsourceofrelationshipbetweenchildrenandparents.Byplayingtogetherparentslearnmoreabouttheirchildrenandchildrenlearnmorefromtheirparents.Toysandgameswhichbothparentsandchildrencanshareareanimportantmeansofachievingthisco-operation.Building-blocktoysjigsawpuzzlesandcrosswordaregoodexamples. Parentsvarygreatlyintheirdegreeofstrictnessorindulgencetowardstheirchildren.Somemaybeespeciallystrictinmoneymatters;othersaresevereovertimesofcominghomeatnightpunctualityformealsorpersonalcleanliness.50Ingeneralthecontrolsimposedrepresenttheneedsoftheparentsandthevaluesofthecommunityasmuchasthechild’sownhappinessandwell-being. Itisoftentemptingtohurrythechildbeyondhisnaturallearningratebutthiscansetupdangerousfeelingoffailureandstatesofanxietyinthechild.
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