首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置：
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
? ?下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A：如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 ...
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
卫生类《单选集》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
请以梦想与现实为内容仿照下面的示例写两个句子要求每个句子都采用比拟的修辞方法两个句子之间构成对偶太阳
请根据以下资料说明使用5个规范句子描述全部所给信息内容要求1标题It’sharmfultoCivil
任务型阅读阅读短文按照要求完成各题Whatwilltheweatherbelike?Somepeop
听短文根据短文内容完成下面的表格短文读三遍注chemistry化学lab实验室
402010·广东省四会中学高三第二次质量检测下面有四副图假设女孩叫Mary男孩叫Peter请根据图
时下电子书作为一种新兴高科技产品已逐渐走进了我们的生活请根据下面的提示信息写一篇英语短文必须使用5个
初中阶段你印象最深的老师是哪一位请根据下面的内容提示写一篇题为TheTeacherI’llNever
假设最近你班同学针对是否有必要上培训课进行了一次讨论.请根据下面的中文提示用英语写一篇短文介绍这次讨
下面四幅图片描述的是李明和爷爷从养鸟到放鸟的一段经历请根据图片所提供的信息以第三人称用英语写一篇短文
请根据下面所示内容用英语写一篇短文比较高中学生减负前后的有关情况1.短文须包括所有图表内容可以适当增
二图表式322010·山东运河中学高三10月月考请根据下面所示内容用英语写一篇短文比较高中学生减负前
书面表达请根据提示内容写一篇短文假如你是来自美国的Mary请根据下面的图示向你的英国笔友介绍一下你的
基础写作请根据以下表格内容使用5个规范的英语句子介绍学校学生的课外活动情况作文必须全部所给的信息5个
书面表达共15分下面四幅图描述的是星期天上午在中山公园里发生的事请根据图片所提供的信息用英语为你校的
听力填表录音中有一篇短文听短文两遍后根据所听内容填写下面的表格每空不多于三个词DAYTRIPTo:L
书面表达满分25分下面四幅图片描述的是李明和爷爷从养鸟到放鸟的一段经历请根据图片所提供的信息以第三人
请根据以下的说明内容使用连贯的英语句子写一篇短文健康一直是人们关注的话题请根据下面提供的写作内容写一
某英文报社举办以ILikeReading为主题的征文活动你打算投稿请根据以下要点写一篇短文【写作内容
请根据以下的说明内容使用连贯的英语句子写一篇短文健康一直是人们关注的话题请根据下面提供的写作内容写一
IV.写作共两节满分为40分第一节基础写作共1小题满分15分【写作内容】请按照下面6幅图片的提示和所
热门试题
更多
Don't{{U}}fling{{/U}}yourclothesonthefloorhangthemup.
{{*HTML*}}??下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 ??????? ??????????? ??{{B}}CharterSchools{{/B}}??Americanpubliceducation haschangedinrecentyears.OnechangeisthatincreasingnumbersofAmerican parentsandteachersarestartingindependentpublicschoolscalledcharter schools.??In1991therewere{{U}}?51?{{/U}}charter schoolsintheUnitedStates.Todaymorethan2300charterschools{{U}} ?52?{{/U}}in34statesar/dtheDistrictofColumbia2575000 students{{U}}?53?{{/U}}theseschools.Thestudentsarefrom5years{{U}} ?54?{{/U}}agethrough18orolder.Acharterschooliscreatedby groupsofparentsteachersandcommunitymembers.Itissimilar{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}somewaystoatraditionalpublicschool.Itreceivestaxmoneyto operatejustas{{U}}?56?{{/U}}publicschoolsdo.Theamountit receivesdepends{{U}}?57?{{/U}}thenumberofstudents.Thecharter schoolmustprove{{U}}?58?{{/U}}localorstategovernmentsthatits studentsarelearning.Thesegovernmentsprovidetheschool{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}theagreementorcharterthatpermitsittooperate.? ?Unlikeatraditionalpublicschool{{U}}?60?{{/U}}thecharte’r schooldoesnothavetoobeymostlawsgoverningpublicschools.Localstateor federalgovernmentscannottellitwhattoteach.??Eachschool canchooseitsowngoalsanddecidethewaysitwantsto{{U}}?61 ?{{/U}}thosegoals.Classsizesusuallyaresmallerthaninmanytraditional publicschools.Manystudentsandparentssayteachersincharterschoolscanbe morecreative.??Howeverstateeducationagencieslocal education-governingcommitteesandunionsoften{{U}}?62 ?{{/U}}charterschools.Theysaytheseschoolsmayreceivemoneybadlyneeded bytraditionalpublicschools.Expertssaysomecharterschoolsaredoingwell whileothersarestruggling.??Congressprovided200million dollarsforestablishingcharterschoolsinthe2002federal budget.{{U}}?63?{{/U}}oftentheschoolssaytheytackenoughmoney fortheirprograms.Manyalsolackneededspace.??{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}manyofthe36charterschoolsintheDistrictofColumbiahold classesincrowdedbuildings.Theseschoolshavealmost11000students. Districtofficialssaytheyhaveprovided14formerschoolbuildings{{U}} ?65?{{/U}}chartereducation.Yetcharter-schoolsupporterssay officialsshouldtryhardertofindmorespace.
Manydetectivesignoredthe{{U}}inconspicuous{{/U}}detail.
Shestoredalotoffoodinthe{{U}}basement{{/U}}.
{{*HTML*}} ??Between1986and1992intheUnited Statesmortalityduetocoronaryheartdiseaseamongwhitemen45to74years ofagedecreasedby26percentcontinuingatrendthatbeganinthemid-1960s. Americansarethusdoingsomethingright.Butdidfishconsumptionhelp?Thisis wheretheHealthProfessionalsFollow-Up起作用Studycomesin.?? Thestudydealswiththeintake摄影ofn-3fattyacidsandfish.Theresearchers calculatedtheintakeoffishfor44895malehealthprofessionals—mostofthem dentists—in1986andkepttrackoftheirhealthstatusforthenextsixyears. Surprisinglytheintakeofn-3fattyacidsorfishin1986wasnotrelatedto theriskofsubsequentcoronarydisease.Thenumberofparticipantswasmuch largerthaninotherstudiesandthemethodsanddataanalysisweresolid. Alsomeasurementsoffattyacidsinadiposetissueshowedthatthe questionnairereliablyrankedrespondentsaccordingtotheirintakeofn3fatty acids.??Theresearcherscarefullyspelloutthelimitationsof thestudy.Firsttwothirdsofthemenhadgreatlyincreasedtheirintakeof fishoverthe10yearsbefore1986.Someofthoseincreasescouldhaveoccurred. Shortlybeforethebase-lineinvestigationin1986becausetheinverserelation betweenfishconsumptionandmortalityduetocoronaryheartdiseasewasfirst reportedin1985.Thusdataonfishintakemaynotreflectlongtermhabits andchangesinfishintakeduringfollow-upcouldalsohaveattenuatedan associationwithcoronarydisease.Theauthorsperformedseparateanalyses includingonlymenwhoreportednochangeintheirfishintakeandagainfound noeffect.Howeveritishardforpeopletorecallwhethertheychangedtheir dietseveralyearsago.???Secondthefishintakeofthese educatedmenwashighandwasmorecomparablewiththatofNorwegiansor JapanesethanwithintakeintheU.S.menstudiedpreviously.Theepidemiologic datasuggestthatanybeneficialeffectisobtainedwithoneortwoservingsof fishperweekandthatmoreisnotbetter.Moreoverpreviousstudiesoffish intakehaveshownanassociationwiththerateofmortalityduetocoronary diseaseratherthanwiththeincidenceofnonfatalcoronatydiseaseorcoronary surgery.Whenseeninthatlightthereissomeagreementbetweenthepresent studyandpreviousreportsbecausetheriskofdeathfromcoronariyheart diseasewasabout25percentloweramongmenwhoateatleastsomefishthan amongthosewhoatenofishatall.??Athirdlimitationofthe studywasthatsomeofthemenstudiedmayhavebeguntoeatfishormayhave eatenmorebecausetheythoughtthattheywereatincreasedriskofaheart attack;themeninthehighest20percentofthestudygroupintermsoftheir in-takeofn-3fattyacidsmorefrequentlyreportedafamilyhistoryofcoronary diseaseorapersonalhistoryofhighcholesterollevelsthanmenwhoateless fish.???TheHarvardinvestigatorsconcludedthat increasingfishintakebeyondoneortwoservingsperweekisunlikelytoreduce theriskofcoronaryeventssubstantiallyinmenwhoareinitiallyfreeof coronarydisease.Thisisaprudentconclusionanditcouldbeextendedto fish-oilcapsuleswhichproviden-3fattyacidsinmuchlargeramountsthanare commonlyconsumedinfood.???ThefindingsoftheHealth ProfessionalsFollow-upStudyshouldsomewhatdampenenthusiasmforfishand fishoilasapanaceaagainstcoronarydisease.Alittlefishmaystilldosome goodbutmorefishisnotnecessarilybetter.Accordingtothetexttheintakeoffishin1986wasrelatedtotheriskofsubsequentcoronarydisease.
Urbanrenewalprogramsstriveto{{U}}upgrade{{/U}}areasthatarebecomingslums.
{{*HTML*}}??下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 ??????? ??????????? ??{{B}}CharterSchools{{/B}}??Americanpubliceducation haschangedinrecentyears.OnechangeisthatincreasingnumbersofAmerican parentsandteachersarestartingindependentpublicschoolscalledcharter schools.??In1991therewere{{U}}?51?{{/U}}charter schoolsintheUnitedStates.Todaymorethan2300charterschools{{U}} ?52?{{/U}}in34statesar/dtheDistrictofColumbia2575000 students{{U}}?53?{{/U}}theseschools.Thestudentsarefrom5years{{U}} ?54?{{/U}}agethrough18orolder.Acharterschooliscreatedby groupsofparentsteachersandcommunitymembers.Itissimilar{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}somewaystoatraditionalpublicschool.Itreceivestaxmoneyto operatejustas{{U}}?56?{{/U}}publicschoolsdo.Theamountit receivesdepends{{U}}?57?{{/U}}thenumberofstudents.Thecharter schoolmustprove{{U}}?58?{{/U}}localorstategovernmentsthatits studentsarelearning.Thesegovernmentsprovidetheschool{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}theagreementorcharterthatpermitsittooperate.? ?Unlikeatraditionalpublicschool{{U}}?60?{{/U}}thecharte’r schooldoesnothavetoobeymostlawsgoverningpublicschools.Localstateor federalgovernmentscannottellitwhattoteach.??Eachschool canchooseitsowngoalsanddecidethewaysitwantsto{{U}}?61 ?{{/U}}thosegoals.Classsizesusuallyaresmallerthaninmanytraditional publicschools.Manystudentsandparentssayteachersincharterschoolscanbe morecreative.??Howeverstateeducationagencieslocal education-governingcommitteesandunionsoften{{U}}?62 ?{{/U}}charterschools.Theysaytheseschoolsmayreceivemoneybadlyneeded bytraditionalpublicschools.Expertssaysomecharterschoolsaredoingwell whileothersarestruggling.??Congressprovided200million dollarsforestablishingcharterschoolsinthe2002federal budget.{{U}}?63?{{/U}}oftentheschoolssaytheytackenoughmoney fortheirprograms.Manyalsolackneededspace.??{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}manyofthe36charterschoolsintheDistrictofColumbiahold classesincrowdedbuildings.Theseschoolshavealmost11000students. Districtofficialssaytheyhaveprovided14formerschoolbuildings{{U}} ?65?{{/U}}chartereducation.Yetcharter-schoolsupporterssay officialsshouldtryhardertofindmorespace.
It'snaturalforusto{{U}}speculate{{/U}}aboutthereasonsfortheirvisit.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ??ElizabethHazenandRachelBrown copatentedoneofthemostwidelyacclaimedwonderdrugsofthepost-Second WorldWaryears.HazenandBrown’sworkwasstimulatedbythewartimeneedto findacureforthefungus真菌类infectionsthatafflictedmanymilitary personnel.Scientistshadbeenfeverishlysearchingforanantibiotictoxic enoughtokillthefungibutsafeenoughforhumanusesinceunfortunately thenewwonderdrugssuchaspenicillinandstreptomycin链霉素killedthevery bacteriainthebodythatcontrolledthefungi.Itwastodiscoverafungicide withoutthatdoubleeffectthatBrownofNewYorkState’sDepartmentofHealth LaboratoriesatAlbanyandHazenseniormicrobiologistattheDepartmentof HealthinNewYorkbegantheirlong-distancecollaboration.BaseduponHazen’s previousresearchatColumbiaUniversitywhereshehadbuiltanimpressive collectionoffungusculturesbothwereconvincedthatanantifungalorganism alreadyexistedincertainsoils.???Theydividedthework. Hazenmethodicallyscreenedandculturedscoresofsoilsampleswhichshethen senttoherpartnerwhopreparedextractsisolatedandpurifiedactiveagents andshippedthembacktoNewYorkwhereHazencouldstudytheirbiological properties.Ona1948vacationHazenaccidentallycollectedaclumpofsoil fromtheedgeofW.B.Nourse’scowpastureinFauquierCountyVirginiathat whentestedrevealedthepresenceofthemicroorganisms.InfarmownerNourse’s honorHazennameditStreptomycesnoursciandwithinayearthetwo scientistsknewthatthepropertiesoftheirsubstancedistinguisheditfrom previouslydescribedantibiotics.Afterfurtherresearchtheyeventuallyreduced theirsubstancetoafineyellowpowderwhichtheyfirstnamedfungiciden thenrenamednystatintohonortheNewYorkStatelaboratorywhenthey learnedthepreviousnamewasalreadyinuse.OftheirmajordiscoveryBrown saidlightlythatitsimplyillustratedhowunpredictableconsequencescancome fromrathermodestbeginnings.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?
Shewas{{U}}shocked{{/U}}bythestrangenoises.
{{*HTML*}}??下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 ??????? ??????????? ??{{B}}CharterSchools{{/B}}??Americanpubliceducation haschangedinrecentyears.OnechangeisthatincreasingnumbersofAmerican parentsandteachersarestartingindependentpublicschoolscalledcharter schools.??In1991therewere{{U}}?51?{{/U}}charter schoolsintheUnitedStates.Todaymorethan2300charterschools{{U}} ?52?{{/U}}in34statesar/dtheDistrictofColumbia2575000 students{{U}}?53?{{/U}}theseschools.Thestudentsarefrom5years{{U}} ?54?{{/U}}agethrough18orolder.Acharterschooliscreatedby groupsofparentsteachersandcommunitymembers.Itissimilar{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}somewaystoatraditionalpublicschool.Itreceivestaxmoneyto operatejustas{{U}}?56?{{/U}}publicschoolsdo.Theamountit receivesdepends{{U}}?57?{{/U}}thenumberofstudents.Thecharter schoolmustprove{{U}}?58?{{/U}}localorstategovernmentsthatits studentsarelearning.Thesegovernmentsprovidetheschool{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}theagreementorcharterthatpermitsittooperate.? ?Unlikeatraditionalpublicschool{{U}}?60?{{/U}}thecharte’r schooldoesnothavetoobeymostlawsgoverningpublicschools.Localstateor federalgovernmentscannottellitwhattoteach.??Eachschool canchooseitsowngoalsanddecidethewaysitwantsto{{U}}?61 ?{{/U}}thosegoals.Classsizesusuallyaresmallerthaninmanytraditional publicschools.Manystudentsandparentssayteachersincharterschoolscanbe morecreative.??Howeverstateeducationagencieslocal education-governingcommitteesandunionsoften{{U}}?62 ?{{/U}}charterschools.Theysaytheseschoolsmayreceivemoneybadlyneeded bytraditionalpublicschools.Expertssaysomecharterschoolsaredoingwell whileothersarestruggling.??Congressprovided200million dollarsforestablishingcharterschoolsinthe2002federal budget.{{U}}?63?{{/U}}oftentheschoolssaytheytackenoughmoney fortheirprograms.Manyalsolackneededspace.??{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}manyofthe36charterschoolsintheDistrictofColumbiahold classesincrowdedbuildings.Theseschoolshavealmost11000students. Districtofficialssaytheyhaveprovided14formerschoolbuildings{{U}} ?65?{{/U}}chartereducation.Yetcharter-schoolsupporterssay officialsshouldtryhardertofindmorespace.
{{*HTML*}} ??Between1986and1992intheUnited Statesmortalityduetocoronaryheartdiseaseamongwhitemen45to74years ofagedecreasedby26percentcontinuingatrendthatbeganinthemid-1960s. Americansarethusdoingsomethingright.Butdidfishconsumptionhelp?Thisis wheretheHealthProfessionalsFollow-Up起作用Studycomesin.?? Thestudydealswiththeintake摄影ofn-3fattyacidsandfish.Theresearchers calculatedtheintakeoffishfor44895malehealthprofessionals—mostofthem dentists—in1986andkepttrackoftheirhealthstatusforthenextsixyears. Surprisinglytheintakeofn-3fattyacidsorfishin1986wasnotrelatedto theriskofsubsequentcoronarydisease.Thenumberofparticipantswasmuch largerthaninotherstudiesandthemethodsanddataanalysisweresolid. Alsomeasurementsoffattyacidsinadiposetissueshowedthatthe questionnairereliablyrankedrespondentsaccordingtotheirintakeofn3fatty acids.??Theresearcherscarefullyspelloutthelimitationsof thestudy.Firsttwothirdsofthemenhadgreatlyincreasedtheirintakeof fishoverthe10yearsbefore1986.Someofthoseincreasescouldhaveoccurred. Shortlybeforethebase-lineinvestigationin1986becausetheinverserelation betweenfishconsumptionandmortalityduetocoronaryheartdiseasewasfirst reportedin1985.Thusdataonfishintakemaynotreflectlongtermhabits andchangesinfishintakeduringfollow-upcouldalsohaveattenuatedan associationwithcoronarydisease.Theauthorsperformedseparateanalyses includingonlymenwhoreportednochangeintheirfishintakeandagainfound noeffect.Howeveritishardforpeopletorecallwhethertheychangedtheir dietseveralyearsago.???Secondthefishintakeofthese educatedmenwashighandwasmorecomparablewiththatofNorwegiansor JapanesethanwithintakeintheU.S.menstudiedpreviously.Theepidemiologic datasuggestthatanybeneficialeffectisobtainedwithoneortwoservingsof fishperweekandthatmoreisnotbetter.Moreoverpreviousstudiesoffish intakehaveshownanassociationwiththerateofmortalityduetocoronary diseaseratherthanwiththeincidenceofnonfatalcoronatydiseaseorcoronary surgery.Whenseeninthatlightthereissomeagreementbetweenthepresent studyandpreviousreportsbecausetheriskofdeathfromcoronariyheart diseasewasabout25percentloweramongmenwhoateatleastsomefishthan amongthosewhoatenofishatall.??Athirdlimitationofthe studywasthatsomeofthemenstudiedmayhavebeguntoeatfishormayhave eatenmorebecausetheythoughtthattheywereatincreasedriskofaheart attack;themeninthehighest20percentofthestudygroupintermsoftheir in-takeofn-3fattyacidsmorefrequentlyreportedafamilyhistoryofcoronary diseaseorapersonalhistoryofhighcholesterollevelsthanmenwhoateless fish.???TheHarvardinvestigatorsconcludedthat increasingfishintakebeyondoneortwoservingsperweekisunlikelytoreduce theriskofcoronaryeventssubstantiallyinmenwhoareinitiallyfreeof coronarydisease.Thisisaprudentconclusionanditcouldbeextendedto fish-oilcapsuleswhichproviden-3fattyacidsinmuchlargeramountsthanare commonlyconsumedinfood.???ThefindingsoftheHealth ProfessionalsFollow-upStudyshouldsomewhatdampenenthusiasmforfishand fishoilasapanaceaagainstcoronarydisease.Alittlefishmaystilldosome goodbutmorefishisnotnecessarilybetter.Gooddiethelpspreventcoronaryheartdisease.
{{*HTML*}} ??Between1986and1992intheUnited Statesmortalityduetocoronaryheartdiseaseamongwhitemen45to74years ofagedecreasedby26percentcontinuingatrendthatbeganinthemid-1960s. Americansarethusdoingsomethingright.Butdidfishconsumptionhelp?Thisis wheretheHealthProfessionalsFollow-Up起作用Studycomesin.?? Thestudydealswiththeintake摄影ofn-3fattyacidsandfish.Theresearchers calculatedtheintakeoffishfor44895malehealthprofessionals—mostofthem dentists—in1986andkepttrackoftheirhealthstatusforthenextsixyears. Surprisinglytheintakeofn-3fattyacidsorfishin1986wasnotrelatedto theriskofsubsequentcoronarydisease.Thenumberofparticipantswasmuch largerthaninotherstudiesandthemethodsanddataanalysisweresolid. Alsomeasurementsoffattyacidsinadiposetissueshowedthatthe questionnairereliablyrankedrespondentsaccordingtotheirintakeofn3fatty acids.??Theresearcherscarefullyspelloutthelimitationsof thestudy.Firsttwothirdsofthemenhadgreatlyincreasedtheirintakeof fishoverthe10yearsbefore1986.Someofthoseincreasescouldhaveoccurred. Shortlybeforethebase-lineinvestigationin1986becausetheinverserelation betweenfishconsumptionandmortalityduetocoronaryheartdiseasewasfirst reportedin1985.Thusdataonfishintakemaynotreflectlongtermhabits andchangesinfishintakeduringfollow-upcouldalsohaveattenuatedan associationwithcoronarydisease.Theauthorsperformedseparateanalyses includingonlymenwhoreportednochangeintheirfishintakeandagainfound noeffect.Howeveritishardforpeopletorecallwhethertheychangedtheir dietseveralyearsago.???Secondthefishintakeofthese educatedmenwashighandwasmorecomparablewiththatofNorwegiansor JapanesethanwithintakeintheU.S.menstudiedpreviously.Theepidemiologic datasuggestthatanybeneficialeffectisobtainedwithoneortwoservingsof fishperweekandthatmoreisnotbetter.Moreoverpreviousstudiesoffish intakehaveshownanassociationwiththerateofmortalityduetocoronary diseaseratherthanwiththeincidenceofnonfatalcoronatydiseaseorcoronary surgery.Whenseeninthatlightthereissomeagreementbetweenthepresent studyandpreviousreportsbecausetheriskofdeathfromcoronariyheart diseasewasabout25percentloweramongmenwhoateatleastsomefishthan amongthosewhoatenofishatall.??Athirdlimitationofthe studywasthatsomeofthemenstudiedmayhavebeguntoeatfishormayhave eatenmorebecausetheythoughtthattheywereatincreasedriskofaheart attack;themeninthehighest20percentofthestudygroupintermsoftheir in-takeofn-3fattyacidsmorefrequentlyreportedafamilyhistoryofcoronary diseaseorapersonalhistoryofhighcholesterollevelsthanmenwhoateless fish.???TheHarvardinvestigatorsconcludedthat increasingfishintakebeyondoneortwoservingsperweekisunlikelytoreduce theriskofcoronaryeventssubstantiallyinmenwhoareinitiallyfreeof coronarydisease.Thisisaprudentconclusionanditcouldbeextendedto fish-oilcapsuleswhichproviden-3fattyacidsinmuchlargeramountsthanare commonlyconsumedinfood.???ThefindingsoftheHealth ProfessionalsFollow-upStudyshouldsomewhatdampenenthusiasmforfishand fishoilasapanaceaagainstcoronarydisease.Alittlefishmaystilldosome goodbutmorefishisnotnecessarilybetter.Anacuteheartattackoftenhitswithoutwarning.
{{*HTML*}} ??1.??Medicalcarehasthree mainelements:diagnosisofdiseaseorinjurytreatmentofdiseaseorinjury andpreventionofdisease.??2.??Seriousailments requirediagnosisbyanexpertwhoinmostcasesisadoctor.Doctorsuse threemaintypesofcluesinmakingadiagnosis:thepatient’scasehistory thedoctor’sphysicalexaminationofthepatientandtheresultsofmedical tests.Patientsprovidetheirownmedicalhistorybyansweringquestionsabout theirphysicalconditionandpastillnesses.Doctorsusemedicalinstruments suchasastethoscopetolistentoapatient’sheartandlungstoperforma physicalexamination.Medicallaboratoriesaiddiagnosisbymakingchemicaland microscopictestsonbodyfluidsandtissues.Aphysicianmayalsoordertests thatuseXrayssoundwavesorelectricwavestodetectdiseasebyliterally lookinginsidethebody.??3.??Peopleusually recoverfromminorillnessesandinjurieswithoutspecialtreatment.Inthese casesdoctorsmaysimplyreassuretheirpatientsandallowthebodytoheal it-self.Butseriousailmentsgenerallyrequirespecialtreatment.Inthese casesadoctormayprescribedrugssurgeryorothertreatment.Forthousands ofyearsdrugsandsurgeryhaveprovidedtwoofthechiefmethodsoftreating disease.Butmodernsciencehashelpedmakethesemethodsmuchmoreeffective thantheyusedtobe.Penicillinaadotherwonderdrugshelpcuremany infectiousdiseasesthatwereonceextremelydifficulttotreat.Withthehelp ofmachinessurgeonscanrepairorreplaceorgansthathavebeenseriously damagedincludingtheheartandkidneys.Sciencehasalsohelpeddevelop entirelynewmethodsoftreatment.Radiotherapyforexamplemakesuseof X-raysandradioactiveraystotreatcancer.??4.?? Doctorshelppreventdiseaseinvariousways.Theymaygivevaccinationsto guardagainstsuchdiseasesaspoliohepatitisandmeasles.Theymayalso orderaspecialdietordrugtostrengthenapatient’snaturaldefensesagainst illness.Peoplecanalsohelpthemselvesremainhealthybyexercisingbynot smokingandbyavoidinguseofalcoholorillegaldrugs.Doctorscanprevent manydiseasesfrombecomingseriousbydiagnosingandtreatingthemintheir earlystages.Forthisreasonmostdoctorsrecommendregularphysical examinations.??5.??Localgovernmentsalso contributetothepreventionofdisease.Theydoscbyenforcingpublichealth measures.Forinstancetheymakesurethatthecommunityhaspuredrinking waterandasystemofgarbageandsewagedisposal.Anumberofnationaland internationalorganizationsworktoimprovethequalityofmedicalcare.These organizationsencouragemedicaleducationandresearchhelpstandardizemedical practiceandenforcecodesofprofessional conduct.Seriousailmentsgenerallycallfor______.
{{U}}Alternative{{/U}}sourcesofproteinmustbefoundwhenmeatandfisharenotavailable.
{{*HTML*}} ??1.??Medicalcarehasthree mainelements:diagnosisofdiseaseorinjurytreatmentofdiseaseorinjury andpreventionofdisease.??2.??Seriousailments requirediagnosisbyanexpertwhoinmostcasesisadoctor.Doctorsuse threemaintypesofcluesinmakingadiagnosis:thepatient’scasehistory thedoctor’sphysicalexaminationofthepatientandtheresultsofmedical tests.Patientsprovidetheirownmedicalhistorybyansweringquestionsabout theirphysicalconditionandpastillnesses.Doctorsusemedicalinstruments suchasastethoscopetolistentoapatient’sheartandlungstoperforma physicalexamination.Medicallaboratoriesaiddiagnosisbymakingchemicaland microscopictestsonbodyfluidsandtissues.Aphysicianmayalsoordertests thatuseXrayssoundwavesorelectricwavestodetectdiseasebyliterally lookinginsidethebody.??3.??Peopleusually recoverfromminorillnessesandinjurieswithoutspecialtreatment.Inthese casesdoctorsmaysimplyreassuretheirpatientsandallowthebodytoheal it-self.Butseriousailmentsgenerallyrequirespecialtreatment.Inthese casesadoctormayprescribedrugssurgeryorothertreatment.Forthousands ofyearsdrugsandsurgeryhaveprovidedtwoofthechiefmethodsoftreating disease.Butmodernsciencehashelpedmakethesemethodsmuchmoreeffective thantheyusedtobe.Penicillinaadotherwonderdrugshelpcuremany infectiousdiseasesthatwereonceextremelydifficulttotreat.Withthehelp ofmachinessurgeonscanrepairorreplaceorgansthathavebeenseriously damagedincludingtheheartandkidneys.Sciencehasalsohelpeddevelop entirelynewmethodsoftreatment.Radiotherapyforexamplemakesuseof X-raysandradioactiveraystotreatcancer.??4.?? Doctorshelppreventdiseaseinvariousways.Theymaygivevaccinationsto guardagainstsuchdiseasesaspoliohepatitisandmeasles.Theymayalso orderaspecialdietordrugtostrengthenapatient’snaturaldefensesagainst illness.Peoplecanalsohelpthemselvesremainhealthybyexercisingbynot smokingandbyavoidinguseofalcoholorillegaldrugs.Doctorscanprevent manydiseasesfrombecomingseriousbydiagnosingandtreatingthemintheir earlystages.Forthisreasonmostdoctorsrecommendregularphysical examinations.??5.??Localgovernmentsalso contributetothepreventionofdisease.Theydoscbyenforcingpublichealth measures.Forinstancetheymakesurethatthecommunityhaspuredrinking waterandasystemofgarbageandsewagedisposal.Anumberofnationaland internationalorganizationsworktoimprovethequalityofmedicalcare.These organizationsencouragemedicaleducationandresearchhelpstandardizemedical practiceandenforcecodesofprofessional conduct.AStethoscopeisahearinginstrumentusedfor______.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ??ElizabethHazenandRachelBrown copatentedoneofthemostwidelyacclaimedwonderdrugsofthepost-Second WorldWaryears.HazenandBrown’sworkwasstimulatedbythewartimeneedto findacureforthefungus真菌类infectionsthatafflictedmanymilitary personnel.Scientistshadbeenfeverishlysearchingforanantibiotictoxic enoughtokillthefungibutsafeenoughforhumanusesinceunfortunately thenewwonderdrugssuchaspenicillinandstreptomycin链霉素killedthevery bacteriainthebodythatcontrolledthefungi.Itwastodiscoverafungicide withoutthatdoubleeffectthatBrownofNewYorkState’sDepartmentofHealth LaboratoriesatAlbanyandHazenseniormicrobiologistattheDepartmentof HealthinNewYorkbegantheirlong-distancecollaboration.BaseduponHazen’s previousresearchatColumbiaUniversitywhereshehadbuiltanimpressive collectionoffungusculturesbothwereconvincedthatanantifungalorganism alreadyexistedincertainsoils.???Theydividedthework. Hazenmethodicallyscreenedandculturedscoresofsoilsampleswhichshethen senttoherpartnerwhopreparedextractsisolatedandpurifiedactiveagents andshippedthembacktoNewYorkwhereHazencouldstudytheirbiological properties.Ona1948vacationHazenaccidentallycollectedaclumpofsoil fromtheedgeofW.B.Nourse’scowpastureinFauquierCountyVirginiathat whentestedrevealedthepresenceofthemicroorganisms.InfarmownerNourse’s honorHazennameditStreptomycesnoursciandwithinayearthetwo scientistsknewthatthepropertiesoftheirsubstancedistinguisheditfrom previouslydescribedantibiotics.Afterfurtherresearchtheyeventuallyreduced theirsubstancetoafineyellowpowderwhichtheyfirstnamedfungiciden thenrenamednystatintohonortheNewYorkStatelaboratorywhenthey learnedthepreviousnamewasalreadyinuse.OftheirmajordiscoveryBrown saidlightlythatitsimplyillustratedhowunpredictableconsequencescancome fromrathermodestbeginnings.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutpenicillin?
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ???Coughisanormalphysiologic reflex生理反射mediatedbythecoughcenterofthebrain.Thefunctionofthis reflexistoclearairwaysofinhaledirritantsdebris碎屑orsecretionsthat haveaccumulatedasaresultofbacterialorviralinfection.Coughmayalso occurinresponsetoirritationofinflamerespiratoryepithelium呼息道上皮asis commonlyseenwithsomeviralinfections.Irritant-initiatedcoughoftenhas littleeffectonclearanceofsecretionsandiscallednonproductive cough咳痰.???APPROACHESTOTREATMENT?? ?Coughaccompaniesmanydifferentdisorders.Suppressingaproductive cough千咳caninterferewithnormaldefensemechanismsandbepotentially harmful.Suppressionofnonproductivecoughissaferbutisnotessential. Antitussive镇咳的useisjustifiableinseverecasesinwhichnonproductivecough iscausingemesisexhaustionorsignificantlossofsleep.?? ?ANTITUSSIVEAGENTS???Threeantitussiveagentsare commonlyused:???Codeine.Codeinesuppressesthecough reflexbyactingdirectlyonthemedullary延髓的coughcenterofthebrain.Its dryingeffectontherespiratorymucosacanincreasetheviscosityofbronchial secretions.Antitussiveeffectsofcodeinearedosedependentinadultsbut completecoughsuppressionmaynotbepossibleatnontoxicdoses.Although codeineisthestandardagainstwhichotherantitussivemedicationsare compareditmaybelesseffectiveinchildrenthaninadults.?? Therecommendeddosageforchildrenis1mg/kg/dayinfourdivideddosesmaximum of60mg/day.Antitussiveeffectsaregreatestatonetotwohoursandpersist foraboutfourhours.Nauseavomitingconstipationanddizzinessarethemost commonsideeffects.Inoverdosestoxicityconsistsprimarilyofrespiratory depressionandnarcosis.Limiteddatasuggestthatsingledosesofmorethan5 mg/kgmaybelethalinchildren.Infantsmaybemoresensitivetocodeine’s effectsandmayhavedecreasedabilitytometabolizethedrugthususeof codeineinchildrenlessthanoneyearoldshouldbediscouraged.? ?Dextromethorphan美沙芬.Likecodeinedextromethorphanhasantitussive activitybutaverylowaddictivepotential.Inadultsthetwodrugsare consideredequipotent.??Dextromethorphan’santitussiveeffect canbeginasearlyas15to30minutesafteradoseistakenanditsduration ofactionisbetweenthreeandsixhours.Becausethedrugismetabolized throughoxidativepathwaysinfantsmetabolizedextromethorphanslowlyandare atgreaterriskofdose-dependentsideeffectsparticularlyifgivenmultiple doses.??Dextromethorphanandcodeinebothactatthesame centralnervoussystemCNSsite.AlthoughCNSdepressioncanbeseenwitheither agentdextromethorphanhasawidermarginofsafety.Overdosesofupto100 timestheusualadultdosehavenotresultedinanyfatalities.Treatmentof overdoseshouldincludesupportivemeasuresanduseofnaloxone纳洛酮if respiratorydepressionoccurs.Minoradverseeffects副作用sometimesseenin nonintoxicatedpatientsincludenauseadizzinessandslightdrowsiness. ???Diphenhydramine苯海拉明.Theantihistaminediphenhydramine hasweakantitussiveeffects.Theseeffectsmayoftenbeincompletehowever andcoughsuppressionmaynotbeachivedwithoutsideeffects.Inadditionto actingonmedullarycoughcentersdiphenhydraminehasperipheral anticholinergic抗胆碱能的effectsthatmaycontributetoitscough-suppressing action.Theanticholinergiceffectsmayalsohelptodrytherespiratorytract andthickensecretions—undesirableeffectsinpatientswithproductivecough.In adults25to50mgofdiphenhydraminehasproducedcoughsuppressionequivalent tothatof15mgofcodeine.Similardatainchildrenarenotavailable. ???GUIDELINESFORUSEOFANTITUSSIVES?? ?·Rememberthatcoughisasignofadisorderanditdoesnotalways requireanantitussive.Ifitiscausedbyanotherdisordere.g.foreign bodyallergyorasthmatherapyismoreappropriatelydirectedatthe underlyingcause.???·Donotsuppressproductivecough associatedwithchronicpulmonarydiseasessuchascysticfibrosisasthmaor chronicbronchitis.Concentrateongoodfluidintaketohelpmobilizepulmonary secretionsandtreatmentoftheunderlyingdisorder.?? ?·Rememberthatsuppressionofmildcoughthatcommonlyaccompaniesacold oruncomplicatedrespiratorytractinfectionhasnotbeenproventobeeither safeorharmful.???·Teachparentsthatcoughisa protectivemechanism—notsomethingtobestopped.Stressthattheexpectorants anti-histaminesanddecongestantscontainedinmanycoughpreparationshavenot beenshowntobemoreeffectivethananantitussiveagentusedalone.? ??·Centrallyactingcoughsuppressantsarespecifically contraindicatedintheacutephasesofpertussis百日咳andacutebronchialasthma becausetheycancontributetoplugging堵塞ofmucusandleadtoclinical deterioration恶化.Codeineisanantitussivemedicationwhichismoreeffectivein______.
{{*HTML*}} ??1.??Medicalcarehasthree mainelements:diagnosisofdiseaseorinjurytreatmentofdiseaseorinjury andpreventionofdisease.??2.??Seriousailments requirediagnosisbyanexpertwhoinmostcasesisadoctor.Doctorsuse threemaintypesofcluesinmakingadiagnosis:thepatient’scasehistory thedoctor’sphysicalexaminationofthepatientandtheresultsofmedical tests.Patientsprovidetheirownmedicalhistorybyansweringquestionsabout theirphysicalconditionandpastillnesses.Doctorsusemedicalinstruments suchasastethoscopetolistentoapatient’sheartandlungstoperforma physicalexamination.Medicallaboratoriesaiddiagnosisbymakingchemicaland microscopictestsonbodyfluidsandtissues.Aphysicianmayalsoordertests thatuseXrayssoundwavesorelectricwavestodetectdiseasebyliterally lookinginsidethebody.??3.??Peopleusually recoverfromminorillnessesandinjurieswithoutspecialtreatment.Inthese casesdoctorsmaysimplyreassuretheirpatientsandallowthebodytoheal it-self.Butseriousailmentsgenerallyrequirespecialtreatment.Inthese casesadoctormayprescribedrugssurgeryorothertreatment.Forthousands ofyearsdrugsandsurgeryhaveprovidedtwoofthechiefmethodsoftreating disease.Butmodernsciencehashelpedmakethesemethodsmuchmoreeffective thantheyusedtobe.Penicillinaadotherwonderdrugshelpcuremany infectiousdiseasesthatwereonceextremelydifficulttotreat.Withthehelp ofmachinessurgeonscanrepairorreplaceorgansthathavebeenseriously damagedincludingtheheartandkidneys.Sciencehasalsohelpeddevelop entirelynewmethodsoftreatment.Radiotherapyforexamplemakesuseof X-raysandradioactiveraystotreatcancer.??4.?? Doctorshelppreventdiseaseinvariousways.Theymaygivevaccinationsto guardagainstsuchdiseasesaspoliohepatitisandmeasles.Theymayalso orderaspecialdietordrugtostrengthenapatient’snaturaldefensesagainst illness.Peoplecanalsohelpthemselvesremainhealthybyexercisingbynot smokingandbyavoidinguseofalcoholorillegaldrugs.Doctorscanprevent manydiseasesfrombecomingseriousbydiagnosingandtreatingthemintheir earlystages.Forthisreasonmostdoctorsrecommendregularphysical examinations.??5.??Localgovernmentsalso contributetothepreventionofdisease.Theydoscbyenforcingpublichealth measures.Forinstancetheymakesurethatthecommunityhaspuredrinking waterandasystemofgarbageandsewagedisposal.Anumberofnationaland internationalorganizationsworktoimprovethequalityofmedicalcare.These organizationsencouragemedicaleducationandresearchhelpstandardizemedical practiceandenforcecodesofprofessional conduct.Paragraph3______
{{*HTML*}} ??Between1986and1992intheUnited Statesmortalityduetocoronaryheartdiseaseamongwhitemen45to74years ofagedecreasedby26percentcontinuingatrendthatbeganinthemid-1960s. Americansarethusdoingsomethingright.Butdidfishconsumptionhelp?Thisis wheretheHealthProfessionalsFollow-Up起作用Studycomesin.?? Thestudydealswiththeintake摄影ofn-3fattyacidsandfish.Theresearchers calculatedtheintakeoffishfor44895malehealthprofessionals—mostofthem dentists—in1986andkepttrackoftheirhealthstatusforthenextsixyears. Surprisinglytheintakeofn-3fattyacidsorfishin1986wasnotrelatedto theriskofsubsequentcoronarydisease.Thenumberofparticipantswasmuch largerthaninotherstudiesandthemethodsanddataanalysisweresolid. Alsomeasurementsoffattyacidsinadiposetissueshowedthatthe questionnairereliablyrankedrespondentsaccordingtotheirintakeofn3fatty acids.??Theresearcherscarefullyspelloutthelimitationsof thestudy.Firsttwothirdsofthemenhadgreatlyincreasedtheirintakeof fishoverthe10yearsbefore1986.Someofthoseincreasescouldhaveoccurred. Shortlybeforethebase-lineinvestigationin1986becausetheinverserelation betweenfishconsumptionandmortalityduetocoronaryheartdiseasewasfirst reportedin1985.Thusdataonfishintakemaynotreflectlongtermhabits andchangesinfishintakeduringfollow-upcouldalsohaveattenuatedan associationwithcoronarydisease.Theauthorsperformedseparateanalyses includingonlymenwhoreportednochangeintheirfishintakeandagainfound noeffect.Howeveritishardforpeopletorecallwhethertheychangedtheir dietseveralyearsago.???Secondthefishintakeofthese educatedmenwashighandwasmorecomparablewiththatofNorwegiansor JapanesethanwithintakeintheU.S.menstudiedpreviously.Theepidemiologic datasuggestthatanybeneficialeffectisobtainedwithoneortwoservingsof fishperweekandthatmoreisnotbetter.Moreoverpreviousstudiesoffish intakehaveshownanassociationwiththerateofmortalityduetocoronary diseaseratherthanwiththeincidenceofnonfatalcoronatydiseaseorcoronary surgery.Whenseeninthatlightthereissomeagreementbetweenthepresent studyandpreviousreportsbecausetheriskofdeathfromcoronariyheart diseasewasabout25percentloweramongmenwhoateatleastsomefishthan amongthosewhoatenofishatall.??Athirdlimitationofthe studywasthatsomeofthemenstudiedmayhavebeguntoeatfishormayhave eatenmorebecausetheythoughtthattheywereatincreasedriskofaheart attack;themeninthehighest20percentofthestudygroupintermsoftheir in-takeofn-3fattyacidsmorefrequentlyreportedafamilyhistoryofcoronary diseaseorapersonalhistoryofhighcholesterollevelsthanmenwhoateless fish.???TheHarvardinvestigatorsconcludedthat increasingfishintakebeyondoneortwoservingsperweekisunlikelytoreduce theriskofcoronaryeventssubstantiallyinmenwhoareinitiallyfreeof coronarydisease.Thisisaprudentconclusionanditcouldbeextendedto fish-oilcapsuleswhichproviden-3fattyacidsinmuchlargeramountsthanare commonlyconsumedinfood.???ThefindingsoftheHealth ProfessionalsFollow-upStudyshouldsomewhatdampenenthusiasmforfishand fishoilasapanaceaagainstcoronarydisease.Alittlefishmaystilldosome goodbutmorefishisnotnecessarilybetter.Theresearchersconcludedthatfish-oilcapsuleshadlittleeffectoncoronarydisease.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ??ElizabethHazenandRachelBrown copatentedoneofthemostwidelyacclaimedwonderdrugsofthepost-Second WorldWaryears.HazenandBrown’sworkwasstimulatedbythewartimeneedto findacureforthefungus真菌类infectionsthatafflictedmanymilitary personnel.Scientistshadbeenfeverishlysearchingforanantibiotictoxic enoughtokillthefungibutsafeenoughforhumanusesinceunfortunately thenewwonderdrugssuchaspenicillinandstreptomycin链霉素killedthevery bacteriainthebodythatcontrolledthefungi.Itwastodiscoverafungicide withoutthatdoubleeffectthatBrownofNewYorkState’sDepartmentofHealth LaboratoriesatAlbanyandHazenseniormicrobiologistattheDepartmentof HealthinNewYorkbegantheirlong-distancecollaboration.BaseduponHazen’s previousresearchatColumbiaUniversitywhereshehadbuiltanimpressive collectionoffungusculturesbothwereconvincedthatanantifungalorganism alreadyexistedincertainsoils.???Theydividedthework. Hazenmethodicallyscreenedandculturedscoresofsoilsampleswhichshethen senttoherpartnerwhopreparedextractsisolatedandpurifiedactiveagents andshippedthembacktoNewYorkwhereHazencouldstudytheirbiological properties.Ona1948vacationHazenaccidentallycollectedaclumpofsoil fromtheedgeofW.B.Nourse’scowpastureinFauquierCountyVirginiathat whentestedrevealedthepresenceofthemicroorganisms.InfarmownerNourse’s honorHazennameditStreptomycesnoursciandwithinayearthetwo scientistsknewthatthepropertiesoftheirsubstancedistinguisheditfrom previouslydescribedantibiotics.Afterfurtherresearchtheyeventuallyreduced theirsubstancetoafineyellowpowderwhichtheyfirstnamedfungiciden thenrenamednystatintohonortheNewYorkStatelaboratorywhenthey learnedthepreviousnamewasalreadyinuse.OftheirmajordiscoveryBrown saidlightlythatitsimplyillustratedhowunpredictableconsequencescancome fromrathermodestbeginnings.WhydoestheauthormentionColumbiaUniversityinlines9and10?
{{*HTML*}}??下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 ??????? ??????????? ??{{B}}CharterSchools{{/B}}??Americanpubliceducation haschangedinrecentyears.OnechangeisthatincreasingnumbersofAmerican parentsandteachersarestartingindependentpublicschoolscalledcharter schools.??In1991therewere{{U}}?51?{{/U}}charter schoolsintheUnitedStates.Todaymorethan2300charterschools{{U}} ?52?{{/U}}in34statesar/dtheDistrictofColumbia2575000 students{{U}}?53?{{/U}}theseschools.Thestudentsarefrom5years{{U}} ?54?{{/U}}agethrough18orolder.Acharterschooliscreatedby groupsofparentsteachersandcommunitymembers.Itissimilar{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}somewaystoatraditionalpublicschool.Itreceivestaxmoneyto operatejustas{{U}}?56?{{/U}}publicschoolsdo.Theamountit receivesdepends{{U}}?57?{{/U}}thenumberofstudents.Thecharter schoolmustprove{{U}}?58?{{/U}}localorstategovernmentsthatits studentsarelearning.Thesegovernmentsprovidetheschool{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}theagreementorcharterthatpermitsittooperate.? ?Unlikeatraditionalpublicschool{{U}}?60?{{/U}}thecharte’r schooldoesnothavetoobeymostlawsgoverningpublicschools.Localstateor federalgovernmentscannottellitwhattoteach.??Eachschool canchooseitsowngoalsanddecidethewaysitwantsto{{U}}?61 ?{{/U}}thosegoals.Classsizesusuallyaresmallerthaninmanytraditional publicschools.Manystudentsandparentssayteachersincharterschoolscanbe morecreative.??Howeverstateeducationagencieslocal education-governingcommitteesandunionsoften{{U}}?62 ?{{/U}}charterschools.Theysaytheseschoolsmayreceivemoneybadlyneeded bytraditionalpublicschools.Expertssaysomecharterschoolsaredoingwell whileothersarestruggling.??Congressprovided200million dollarsforestablishingcharterschoolsinthe2002federal budget.{{U}}?63?{{/U}}oftentheschoolssaytheytackenoughmoney fortheirprograms.Manyalsolackneededspace.??{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}manyofthe36charterschoolsintheDistrictofColumbiahold classesincrowdedbuildings.Theseschoolshavealmost11000students. Districtofficialssaytheyhaveprovided14formerschoolbuildings{{U}} ?65?{{/U}}chartereducation.Yetcharter-schoolsupporterssay officialsshouldtryhardertofindmorespace.
{{*HTML*}} ??1.??Medicalcarehasthree mainelements:diagnosisofdiseaseorinjurytreatmentofdiseaseorinjury andpreventionofdisease.??2.??Seriousailments requirediagnosisbyanexpertwhoinmostcasesisadoctor.Doctorsuse threemaintypesofcluesinmakingadiagnosis:thepatient’scasehistory thedoctor’sphysicalexaminationofthepatientandtheresultsofmedical tests.Patientsprovidetheirownmedicalhistorybyansweringquestionsabout theirphysicalconditionandpastillnesses.Doctorsusemedicalinstruments suchasastethoscopetolistentoapatient’sheartandlungstoperforma physicalexamination.Medicallaboratoriesaiddiagnosisbymakingchemicaland microscopictestsonbodyfluidsandtissues.Aphysicianmayalsoordertests thatuseXrayssoundwavesorelectricwavestodetectdiseasebyliterally lookinginsidethebody.??3.??Peopleusually recoverfromminorillnessesandinjurieswithoutspecialtreatment.Inthese casesdoctorsmaysimplyreassuretheirpatientsandallowthebodytoheal it-self.Butseriousailmentsgenerallyrequirespecialtreatment.Inthese casesadoctormayprescribedrugssurgeryorothertreatment.Forthousands ofyearsdrugsandsurgeryhaveprovidedtwoofthechiefmethodsoftreating disease.Butmodernsciencehashelpedmakethesemethodsmuchmoreeffective thantheyusedtobe.Penicillinaadotherwonderdrugshelpcuremany infectiousdiseasesthatwereonceextremelydifficulttotreat.Withthehelp ofmachinessurgeonscanrepairorreplaceorgansthathavebeenseriously damagedincludingtheheartandkidneys.Sciencehasalsohelpeddevelop entirelynewmethodsoftreatment.Radiotherapyforexamplemakesuseof X-raysandradioactiveraystotreatcancer.??4.?? Doctorshelppreventdiseaseinvariousways.Theymaygivevaccinationsto guardagainstsuchdiseasesaspoliohepatitisandmeasles.Theymayalso orderaspecialdietordrugtostrengthenapatient’snaturaldefensesagainst illness.Peoplecanalsohelpthemselvesremainhealthybyexercisingbynot smokingandbyavoidinguseofalcoholorillegaldrugs.Doctorscanprevent manydiseasesfrombecomingseriousbydiagnosingandtreatingthemintheir earlystages.Forthisreasonmostdoctorsrecommendregularphysical examinations.??5.??Localgovernmentsalso contributetothepreventionofdisease.Theydoscbyenforcingpublichealth measures.Forinstancetheymakesurethatthecommunityhaspuredrinking waterandasystemofgarbageandsewagedisposal.Anumberofnationaland internationalorganizationsworktoimprovethequalityofmedicalcare.These organizationsencouragemedicaleducationandresearchhelpstandardizemedical practiceandenforcecodesofprofessional conduct.Paragraph5______
{{*HTML*}}??下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 ??????? ??????????? ??{{B}}CharterSchools{{/B}}??Americanpubliceducation haschangedinrecentyears.OnechangeisthatincreasingnumbersofAmerican parentsandteachersarestartingindependentpublicschoolscalledcharter schools.??In1991therewere{{U}}?51?{{/U}}charter schoolsintheUnitedStates.Todaymorethan2300charterschools{{U}} ?52?{{/U}}in34statesar/dtheDistrictofColumbia2575000 students{{U}}?53?{{/U}}theseschools.Thestudentsarefrom5years{{U}} ?54?{{/U}}agethrough18orolder.Acharterschooliscreatedby groupsofparentsteachersandcommunitymembers.Itissimilar{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}somewaystoatraditionalpublicschool.Itreceivestaxmoneyto operatejustas{{U}}?56?{{/U}}publicschoolsdo.Theamountit receivesdepends{{U}}?57?{{/U}}thenumberofstudents.Thecharter schoolmustprove{{U}}?58?{{/U}}localorstategovernmentsthatits studentsarelearning.Thesegovernmentsprovidetheschool{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}theagreementorcharterthatpermitsittooperate.? ?Unlikeatraditionalpublicschool{{U}}?60?{{/U}}thecharte’r schooldoesnothavetoobeymostlawsgoverningpublicschools.Localstateor federalgovernmentscannottellitwhattoteach.??Eachschool canchooseitsowngoalsanddecidethewaysitwantsto{{U}}?61 ?{{/U}}thosegoals.Classsizesusuallyaresmallerthaninmanytraditional publicschools.Manystudentsandparentssayteachersincharterschoolscanbe morecreative.??Howeverstateeducationagencieslocal education-governingcommitteesandunionsoften{{U}}?62 ?{{/U}}charterschools.Theysaytheseschoolsmayreceivemoneybadlyneeded bytraditionalpublicschools.Expertssaysomecharterschoolsaredoingwell whileothersarestruggling.??Congressprovided200million dollarsforestablishingcharterschoolsinthe2002federal budget.{{U}}?63?{{/U}}oftentheschoolssaytheytackenoughmoney fortheirprograms.Manyalsolackneededspace.??{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}manyofthe36charterschoolsintheDistrictofColumbiahold classesincrowdedbuildings.Theseschoolshavealmost11000students. Districtofficialssaytheyhaveprovided14formerschoolbuildings{{U}} ?65?{{/U}}chartereducation.Yetcharter-schoolsupporterssay officialsshouldtryhardertofindmorespace.
{{*HTML*}}??下面的短文有5处空白短文后有6个句子其中5个取自短文请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置以恢复文章原貌 ?????????? ??????????? ??{{B}}WatchingMicrocurrentsFlow{{/B}}??Wecannow watchelectricityasitflowsthrougheventhetiniestcircuits.By scanning扫描themagneticfield磁场generatedaselectriccurrentsflowthrough objects物体physicistshavemanaged{{U}}?46?{{/U}}.Thetechnology willallowmanufacturerstoscanmicrochipsforfaultsaswellasrevealing microscopicdefectsinanythingfromaircrafttobanknotes.??Gang XiaoandBenSchragatBrownUniversityinProvidenceRhodeIslandvisualize thecurrenthmeasuringsubtle细微的changesinthemagneticfieldofanobject and{{U}}?47?{{/U}}.??Theirsensorisadaptedfroman existingpiece现有配件oftechnologythatisusedtomeasurelargmagneticfields incomputerharddrives.Weredesignedthemagneticsensortomakeitcapable ofmeasuring测量veryweakchangesinmagneticfieldssaysXiao.? ?Theresultingdeviceiscapableofdetecting测定acurrentasweakas10 microamperesevenwhe:thewireisburieddeepwithinachipanditshowsup features图案assmallas40nanometersacross.??Atpresent engineerslookingfordefects缺陷inachiphavetopeeloff剥开thelayers andexaminethecircuitsvisually;thisisoneoftheobstacles{{U}}?48 ?{{/U}}.Butthenewmagneticmicroscopeisensitiveenoughtolookinside chipsandrevealfaultssuchasshortcircuitsnicksinthewiresorelectro migration电迁移—whereadenseareaofcurrentpicksupsurroundingatomsand movesthemalongItislikewatchingariverflowexplainsXiao.? ?Aswellasscanningtinycircuitsthemicroscopecanbeusedtoreveal theinternalstructureofan:objectcapableofconductingelectricity.For exampleitcouldlookdirectlyatmicroscopiccracksina:airplane’s fuselage{{U}}?49?{{/U}}.Thetechniquecannotyetpickupelectrical activityinthehuman:brainbecausethecurrentthereistoosmallbutXiao doesn’truleitout排除的可能性inthefuture.Icanneversayneverhe says.??Althoughtheresearchershaveonlyjustmadethetechnical detailsofthemicroscopepublicitisalreadyonsale上市fromelectronics companyMicroMagneticsinFallRiverMassachusetts.Itiscurrentlythesize ofarefrigeratorandtakesseveralminutestoscanacircuitbutXiaoand Schragareworking{{U}}?50?{{/U}}.??A.toshrinkitto thesizeofadesktopcomputerandcutthescanningtimeto30seconds? ?B.tomakingchipsanysmaller??C.totaketinychipswe require??D.topicturetheprogressofthecurrents? ?E.convertingtheinformationintoacolorpictureshowingthedensityof currentateachpoint??F.faultsinthemetalstripofaforged banknoteorbacteriainawatersample
{{*HTML*}}??下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 ??????? ??????????? ??{{B}}CharterSchools{{/B}}??Americanpubliceducation haschangedinrecentyears.OnechangeisthatincreasingnumbersofAmerican parentsandteachersarestartingindependentpublicschoolscalledcharter schools.??In1991therewere{{U}}?51?{{/U}}charter schoolsintheUnitedStates.Todaymorethan2300charterschools{{U}} ?52?{{/U}}in34statesar/dtheDistrictofColumbia2575000 students{{U}}?53?{{/U}}theseschools.Thestudentsarefrom5years{{U}} ?54?{{/U}}agethrough18orolder.Acharterschooliscreatedby groupsofparentsteachersandcommunitymembers.Itissimilar{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}somewaystoatraditionalpublicschool.Itreceivestaxmoneyto operatejustas{{U}}?56?{{/U}}publicschoolsdo.Theamountit receivesdepends{{U}}?57?{{/U}}thenumberofstudents.Thecharter schoolmustprove{{U}}?58?{{/U}}localorstategovernmentsthatits studentsarelearning.Thesegovernmentsprovidetheschool{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}theagreementorcharterthatpermitsittooperate.? ?Unlikeatraditionalpublicschool{{U}}?60?{{/U}}thecharte’r schooldoesnothavetoobeymostlawsgoverningpublicschools.Localstateor federalgovernmentscannottellitwhattoteach.??Eachschool canchooseitsowngoalsanddecidethewaysitwantsto{{U}}?61 ?{{/U}}thosegoals.Classsizesusuallyaresmallerthaninmanytraditional publicschools.Manystudentsandparentssayteachersincharterschoolscanbe morecreative.??Howeverstateeducationagencieslocal education-governingcommitteesandunionsoften{{U}}?62 ?{{/U}}charterschools.Theysaytheseschoolsmayreceivemoneybadlyneeded bytraditionalpublicschools.Expertssaysomecharterschoolsaredoingwell whileothersarestruggling.??Congressprovided200million dollarsforestablishingcharterschoolsinthe2002federal budget.{{U}}?63?{{/U}}oftentheschoolssaytheytackenoughmoney fortheirprograms.Manyalsolackneededspace.??{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}manyofthe36charterschoolsintheDistrictofColumbiahold classesincrowdedbuildings.Theseschoolshavealmost11000students. Districtofficialssaytheyhaveprovided14formerschoolbuildings{{U}} ?65?{{/U}}chartereducation.Yetcharter-schoolsupporterssay officialsshouldtryhardertofindmorespace.
{{*HTML*}}??下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 ??????? ??????????? ??{{B}}CharterSchools{{/B}}??Americanpubliceducation haschangedinrecentyears.OnechangeisthatincreasingnumbersofAmerican parentsandteachersarestartingindependentpublicschoolscalledcharter schools.??In1991therewere{{U}}?51?{{/U}}charter schoolsintheUnitedStates.Todaymorethan2300charterschools{{U}} ?52?{{/U}}in34statesar/dtheDistrictofColumbia2575000 students{{U}}?53?{{/U}}theseschools.Thestudentsarefrom5years{{U}} ?54?{{/U}}agethrough18orolder.Acharterschooliscreatedby groupsofparentsteachersandcommunitymembers.Itissimilar{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}somewaystoatraditionalpublicschool.Itreceivestaxmoneyto operatejustas{{U}}?56?{{/U}}publicschoolsdo.Theamountit receivesdepends{{U}}?57?{{/U}}thenumberofstudents.Thecharter schoolmustprove{{U}}?58?{{/U}}localorstategovernmentsthatits studentsarelearning.Thesegovernmentsprovidetheschool{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}theagreementorcharterthatpermitsittooperate.? ?Unlikeatraditionalpublicschool{{U}}?60?{{/U}}thecharte’r schooldoesnothavetoobeymostlawsgoverningpublicschools.Localstateor federalgovernmentscannottellitwhattoteach.??Eachschool canchooseitsowngoalsanddecidethewaysitwantsto{{U}}?61 ?{{/U}}thosegoals.Classsizesusuallyaresmallerthaninmanytraditional publicschools.Manystudentsandparentssayteachersincharterschoolscanbe morecreative.??Howeverstateeducationagencieslocal education-governingcommitteesandunionsoften{{U}}?62 ?{{/U}}charterschools.Theysaytheseschoolsmayreceivemoneybadlyneeded bytraditionalpublicschools.Expertssaysomecharterschoolsaredoingwell whileothersarestruggling.??Congressprovided200million dollarsforestablishingcharterschoolsinthe2002federal budget.{{U}}?63?{{/U}}oftentheschoolssaytheytackenoughmoney fortheirprograms.Manyalsolackneededspace.??{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}manyofthe36charterschoolsintheDistrictofColumbiahold classesincrowdedbuildings.Theseschoolshavealmost11000students. Districtofficialssaytheyhaveprovided14formerschoolbuildings{{U}} ?65?{{/U}}chartereducation.Yetcharter-schoolsupporterssay officialsshouldtryhardertofindmorespace.
{{*HTML*}}??下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 ??????? ??????????? ??{{B}}CharterSchools{{/B}}??Americanpubliceducation haschangedinrecentyears.OnechangeisthatincreasingnumbersofAmerican parentsandteachersarestartingindependentpublicschoolscalledcharter schools.??In1991therewere{{U}}?51?{{/U}}charter schoolsintheUnitedStates.Todaymorethan2300charterschools{{U}} ?52?{{/U}}in34statesar/dtheDistrictofColumbia2575000 students{{U}}?53?{{/U}}theseschools.Thestudentsarefrom5years{{U}} ?54?{{/U}}agethrough18orolder.Acharterschooliscreatedby groupsofparentsteachersandcommunitymembers.Itissimilar{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}somewaystoatraditionalpublicschool.Itreceivestaxmoneyto operatejustas{{U}}?56?{{/U}}publicschoolsdo.Theamountit receivesdepends{{U}}?57?{{/U}}thenumberofstudents.Thecharter schoolmustprove{{U}}?58?{{/U}}localorstategovernmentsthatits studentsarelearning.Thesegovernmentsprovidetheschool{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}theagreementorcharterthatpermitsittooperate.? ?Unlikeatraditionalpublicschool{{U}}?60?{{/U}}thecharte’r schooldoesnothavetoobeymostlawsgoverningpublicschools.Localstateor federalgovernmentscannottellitwhattoteach.??Eachschool canchooseitsowngoalsanddecidethewaysitwantsto{{U}}?61 ?{{/U}}thosegoals.Classsizesusuallyaresmallerthaninmanytraditional publicschools.Manystudentsandparentssayteachersincharterschoolscanbe morecreative.??Howeverstateeducationagencieslocal education-governingcommitteesandunionsoften{{U}}?62 ?{{/U}}charterschools.Theysaytheseschoolsmayreceivemoneybadlyneeded bytraditionalpublicschools.Expertssaysomecharterschoolsaredoingwell whileothersarestruggling.??Congressprovided200million dollarsforestablishingcharterschoolsinthe2002federal budget.{{U}}?63?{{/U}}oftentheschoolssaytheytackenoughmoney fortheirprograms.Manyalsolackneededspace.??{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}manyofthe36charterschoolsintheDistrictofColumbiahold classesincrowdedbuildings.Theseschoolshavealmost11000students. Districtofficialssaytheyhaveprovided14formerschoolbuildings{{U}} ?65?{{/U}}chartereducation.Yetcharter-schoolsupporterssay officialsshouldtryhardertofindmorespace.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ???Ifyouwanttostayyoungsit downandhaveagoodthink.ThisistheresearchfindingofateamofJapanese doctorswhosaythatmostofourbrainsarenotgettingenoughexercises-andas aresultweareageingunnecessarilysoon.???Professor TaijuMatsuzawawantedtofindoutwhyotherwisehealthyfarmersinnorthern Japanappearedtobelosingtheirabilitytothinkandreasonatarelatively earlyageandhowtheprocessofageingcouldbesloweddown.?? ?WithateamofcolleaguesatTokyoNationalUniversityhesetabout measuringbrainvolumesofathousandpeopleofdifferentagesandvarying occupations.???Computertechnologyenabledtheresearchers toobtainprecisemeasurementsofthevolumeofthefrontandsidesectionsof thebrainwhichrelatetointellect智能andemotionanddeterminethehuman character.Therearsectionofthebrainwhichcontrolsfunctionslikeeating andbreathingdoesnotcontractwithageandonecancontinuelivingwithout intellectualoremotionalfaculties〈功能〉.???Contractionof frontandsideparts-ascellsdieoffwasobservedinsomesubjectsintheir thirtiesbutitwasstillnotevidentinsomesixtyandseventy-year-olds. ???Matsuzawa’sconcludedfromhisteststhatthereisa simpleremedytothecontractionnormallyassociatedwithage-usingthehead. ???Thefindingsshowingeneraltermsthatcontractionof thebrainbeginssoonerinpeopleinthecountrythaninthetowns.Thoseleast atrisksaysMatsuzawaarelawyersfollowedbyuniversityprofessorsand doctors.Whitecollarworkersdoingroutineworkingovernmentofficersare howeveraslikelytohaveshrinkingbrainsasthefarmworkerbusdriverand shopassistant.???Matsuzawa’sfindingsshowthatthinking canpreventthebrainfromshrinking.Bloodmustcirculateproperlyinthehead tosupplythefreshoxygenthebraincellsneed.Thebestwaytomaintaingood bloodcirculationisthroughusingthebrainhesaysThinkhardandengage inconversation.Don’trelyonpocketcalculators. Thedoctortriedtogettheanswer______.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ???Coughisanormalphysiologic reflex生理反射mediatedbythecoughcenterofthebrain.Thefunctionofthis reflexistoclearairwaysofinhaledirritantsdebris碎屑orsecretionsthat haveaccumulatedasaresultofbacterialorviralinfection.Coughmayalso occurinresponsetoirritationofinflamerespiratoryepithelium呼息道上皮asis commonlyseenwithsomeviralinfections.Irritant-initiatedcoughoftenhas littleeffectonclearanceofsecretionsandiscallednonproductive cough咳痰.???APPROACHESTOTREATMENT?? ?Coughaccompaniesmanydifferentdisorders.Suppressingaproductive cough千咳caninterferewithnormaldefensemechanismsandbepotentially harmful.Suppressionofnonproductivecoughissaferbutisnotessential. Antitussive镇咳的useisjustifiableinseverecasesinwhichnonproductivecough iscausingemesisexhaustionorsignificantlossofsleep.?? ?ANTITUSSIVEAGENTS???Threeantitussiveagentsare commonlyused:???Codeine.Codeinesuppressesthecough reflexbyactingdirectlyonthemedullary延髓的coughcenterofthebrain.Its dryingeffectontherespiratorymucosacanincreasetheviscosityofbronchial secretions.Antitussiveeffectsofcodeinearedosedependentinadultsbut completecoughsuppressionmaynotbepossibleatnontoxicdoses.Although codeineisthestandardagainstwhichotherantitussivemedicationsare compareditmaybelesseffectiveinchildrenthaninadults.?? Therecommendeddosageforchildrenis1mg/kg/dayinfourdivideddosesmaximum of60mg/day.Antitussiveeffectsaregreatestatonetotwohoursandpersist foraboutfourhours.Nauseavomitingconstipationanddizzinessarethemost commonsideeffects.Inoverdosestoxicityconsistsprimarilyofrespiratory depressionandnarcosis.Limiteddatasuggestthatsingledosesofmorethan5 mg/kgmaybelethalinchildren.Infantsmaybemoresensitivetocodeine’s effectsandmayhavedecreasedabilitytometabolizethedrugthususeof codeineinchildrenlessthanoneyearoldshouldbediscouraged.? ?Dextromethorphan美沙芬.Likecodeinedextromethorphanhasantitussive activitybutaverylowaddictivepotential.Inadultsthetwodrugsare consideredequipotent.??Dextromethorphan’santitussiveeffect canbeginasearlyas15to30minutesafteradoseistakenanditsduration ofactionisbetweenthreeandsixhours.Becausethedrugismetabolized throughoxidativepathwaysinfantsmetabolizedextromethorphanslowlyandare atgreaterriskofdose-dependentsideeffectsparticularlyifgivenmultiple doses.??Dextromethorphanandcodeinebothactatthesame centralnervoussystemCNSsite.AlthoughCNSdepressioncanbeseenwitheither agentdextromethorphanhasawidermarginofsafety.Overdosesofupto100 timestheusualadultdosehavenotresultedinanyfatalities.Treatmentof overdoseshouldincludesupportivemeasuresanduseofnaloxone纳洛酮if respiratorydepressionoccurs.Minoradverseeffects副作用sometimesseenin nonintoxicatedpatientsincludenauseadizzinessandslightdrowsiness. ???Diphenhydramine苯海拉明.Theantihistaminediphenhydramine hasweakantitussiveeffects.Theseeffectsmayoftenbeincompletehowever andcoughsuppressionmaynotbeachivedwithoutsideeffects.Inadditionto actingonmedullarycoughcentersdiphenhydraminehasperipheral anticholinergic抗胆碱能的effectsthatmaycontributetoitscough-suppressing action.Theanticholinergiceffectsmayalsohelptodrytherespiratorytract andthickensecretions—undesirableeffectsinpatientswithproductivecough.In adults25to50mgofdiphenhydraminehasproducedcoughsuppressionequivalent tothatof15mgofcodeine.Similardatainchildrenarenotavailable. ???GUIDELINESFORUSEOFANTITUSSIVES?? ?·Rememberthatcoughisasignofadisorderanditdoesnotalways requireanantitussive.Ifitiscausedbyanotherdisordere.g.foreign bodyallergyorasthmatherapyismoreappropriatelydirectedatthe underlyingcause.???·Donotsuppressproductivecough associatedwithchronicpulmonarydiseasessuchascysticfibrosisasthmaor chronicbronchitis.Concentrateongoodfluidintaketohelpmobilizepulmonary secretionsandtreatmentoftheunderlyingdisorder.?? ?·Rememberthatsuppressionofmildcoughthatcommonlyaccompaniesacold oruncomplicatedrespiratorytractinfectionhasnotbeenproventobeeither safeorharmful.???·Teachparentsthatcoughisa protectivemechanism—notsomethingtobestopped.Stressthattheexpectorants anti-histaminesanddecongestantscontainedinmanycoughpreparationshavenot beenshowntobemoreeffectivethananantitussiveagentusedalone.? ??·Centrallyactingcoughsuppressantsarespecifically contraindicatedintheacutephasesofpertussis百日咳andacutebronchialasthma becausetheycancontributetoplugging堵塞ofmucusandleadtoclinical deterioration恶化.WhichofthefollowingisNOTright?
热门题库
更多
综合类
国际货运代理师
报关水平测试
报检员
物流员(四级)
助理物流师(三级)
物流师(二级)
高级物流师(一级)
物流案例分析
单证员基础理论与知识
单证员缮制与操作
国际货运代理理论与实务
外贸综合业务
外贸外语
跟单员基础理论
跟单员操作实务
湘公网安备 43130202000226号