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左心衰竭的早期症状是（）
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风心病主动脉瓣关闭不全患者的早期症状是
主诉心悸、头部强烈搏动感
乏力、疲劳
左心衰竭表现
右心衰竭表现
全心衰竭表现
高血压性心脏病早期发生的心功能障碍往往是
右心衰竭
左心衰竭
全心衰竭
收缩功能异常
舒张功能异常
左心衰竭的早期症状是
心界扩大
室性奔马律
浮肿
劳力性呼吸困难
心率增快
左心衰竭最早出现的症状是
左心衰竭患者合并右心衰竭后可能减轻左心衰竭时的临床症状是
恶心
喘憋
肝大
颈静脉充盈
下肢水肿
左心衰竭患者合并右心衰竭后可能减轻左心衰竭时的临床症状是
恶心
喘憋
肝肿大
颈静脉充盈
下肢水肿
左心衰竭的早期症状是
心界扩大
室性奔马律
浮肿
劳力性呼吸困难
下列全心衰竭临床特征的论述正确的是
右心衰竭后肺淤血的症状加重
右心衰竭后左心衰竭症状减轻
右心衰竭继发于左心衰竭
左心衰竭和右心衰竭症状的综合
左右心室衰竭可同时出现
左心衰竭的早期症状是
心界扩大
室性奔马律
浮肘
劳力性呼吸困难
心率增快
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Text3AIDSisoneofthemostfatalandrampantdiseasesthatdeprivesofhundredsofthousandsofliveseachyearallovertheworldandtheconditioninAfricancountriesismuchworseforlackofmedicineeducationaswellaspreventivemeasures.Scientistsandresearchershaveneverceasedtheireffortstohaltthewidespreadingtendencyofthisinfectingdiseaseunfortunatelytillnowtheyhavenotinventedanyeffectivevaccine.LastweekanexperimentalAIDSvaccinetestedinThailandonsome2500drugusersfailedtoprotectthemfrombecominginfectedwithHIVdeclaredVaxGenInc.thevaccine’sdeveloper.ThepoolresultswerewidelyexpectedsinceVaxGenInc.hadsaidearlierthatitsvaccinedidnotworkinalargerNorthAmericanstudy.MostAIDSresearchersagreethatvaccineswillbetheonlyeffectivewaytocontrolavirusthathaskilled28millionpeopleandinfected42millionmoreworldwide.Twodozenothervaccinesarebeingtestedon12000humanvolunteersbutnonehasadvancedasfarasVaxGen’sandanysuccessfulcandidateisyearsaway.OfficialsatBrisbaneCalif-basedVaxGensaidtheThairesultsunderscoredagainhowwilyAIDSisinthwartingtheimmunesystem.Thefindingsalsoshow"howimportantitisfortheinternationalpublichealthcommunitytoredoubletheefforttodevelopaneffectivevaccine"presidentDr.DonaldFrancissaid.VaxGen’svaccinelikemostothersbeingtesteddidnotcontainthevirusitselfandcannotcauseAIDS.Insteadthevaccinecontainedsmallmanmadegeneticbitsofthevirusthatscientistshadhopedwouldprovokeanimmuneresponsestrongenoughtostopthevirusfrominvadinghealthycells.Threeyearsagothecompanyenrolled2546peopleinandaroundBangkokwhowereathighriskforHIVbecausetheyhabituallyswappedneedlestoinjectdrugs.Halfweregiventheexperimentalvaccineandhalfweregivenaplacebo.Allvolunteersweregivenextensiverisk-reductioncounselingthecompanysaid.Intheendthevaccineofferednogreaterprotection:105’peoplegiventheplacebobecameinfectedwithHIVwhile106peoplegiventhevaccinetestedpositive.InFebruaryVaxGenannounceditsvaccinewasineffectiveagainstadifferentAIDSstrainfoundinNorthAmerica.Thefailureofthisexperimentalvaccinereinforcesthehardnessofanti-AIDSbattleandtheultimatesuccessseemstoemergeyearslater.HowevermankindisnotsovulnerabletobecompletelydefeatedbyAIDS. Accordingtothecontextwhatdoestheunderlinedwordstraininparagraph4mean
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points AmonthagotheBritishgovernmentannouncedaplantokeepterroristsuspectsindefinitelyunderhousearrest1thehomesecretary’ssay-soIthasbeenattackedfromallsideseversince.Thisweekthegovernmentbacktracked.UnderthePreventionofTerrorismbill2toParliamentthisweekhousearrestwould3apotential4inthegovernment’sever-expandinganti-terroristarsenalbutthegovernmentwouldfirsthaveto5ofArticle5oftheEuropeanConventiononHumanRightsguaranteeingarighttoliberty.Parliamentwouldhavetovoteonthat.Thegovernmentcoulddothis6theterroristthreattoBritainalreadydescribedbythegovernmentas"7"gotevenworse.Eventhenthepowerswouldremain8bypoliticalandjudicialsafeguards.Beforethehomesecretarycouldmakeahouse-arrestorderhewouldhavetobesatisfiedonthe9ofprobabilities--nolongeronthebasisof"reasonablesuspicion--thatthesuspecthasbeen"involvedinaterrorism-relatedactivity".Hewouldalsohavetobe10thatsuchanorderwas"strictlyrequired".Theperiodofhouse-arrestwillbelimitedtoamaximumofsixmonthsextendablethroughanewhouse-arrestorder.WithinsevendaysofitsbeingimposedtheHighCourtwouldhavetoconfirmthatthehomesecretaryhad"11grounds"formakingsuchanorder.Evenifitweresosatisfiedthecasewouldgoontoafullcourt12Thebillalsoprovidesforawholerangeoflesserrestrictionsincludingtaggingcurfewsabanonassociationwithspecifiedpeopleprohibitionsonusingphonesrestrictionsontravelandsoon.13tomeetthethreat14byeachsuspectandlimitedtoarenewableperiodof12monthsthesewouldnotbesubjecttothesamejudicialscrutinyashousearrest.Norwouldtheyrequire15fromtheEuropeanconvention.Butthenewordersincludinghousearrestwouldbeusedonlywhereasuspectedterroristcouldnotbeprosecuted16becausetheevidenceagainsthimwasnotadmissibleincourtorbecauseitmight17intelligencesourcesor18techniques.CharlesClarkeinsiststhathewouldprefertoprosecute.19thehomesecretaryisconsideringfurtheranti-terroristlegislationincludingmakingit20tobeinvolvedinthepreparationorcommissionofterroristacts. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.16
急性弥漫性腹膜炎应采取的体位是
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCor1.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40pointsText1MoreAmericansarecohabiting-livingtogetheroutofwedlock--thanever.Someexportsapplaudthepracticebutotherswarnplayinghousedoesnotalwaysleadtomaritalbliss.AtonetimeinAmericalivingtogetheroutofwedlockwasscandalous.Unmarriedspouseswho"shackedup"weresaidtobe"livinginsin".Indeedcohabitationwasillegalthroughoutthecountryuntilabout1970.Todaystatisticstelladifferenttale.Thenumberofunwedcoupleslivingtogetherhasrisentoanewhigh--morethan4.1millionasofMarch1997accordingtotheCensusBureau.Thatfigurewasupfrom3.96millioncouplesthepreviousyearandrepresentsaquantumleapfromthe430000cohabitingcouplescountedin1960.Thebureaufound’thatcohabitingismostprevailinginthe24-35agegroupaccountingfor1.6millionsuchcouples.Cohabitantsclaimtheylivetogetherprimarilytosolidifytheirloveandcommitmenttoeachother.Mostintendtomarry;only13%ofcohabitantsdonotanticipatetolegalizetheirrelationship.Buttherealityfrommanycouplesisdifferent:Movingindoesnotleadto"happilyeverafter."Fortypercentofcohabitantsnevermakeittothealtar.Ofthe60%whodomarrymorethanhalfdivorcewithin10yearscomparedwith30%ofmarriedcoupleswhodidnotlivetogetherfirst.CohabitingpartnersaremoreunfaithfulandfightmoreoftenthanmarriedcouplesaccordingtoresearchbytheHowardCenterforFamilyReligionandSociety.Otherstudieshavecometoequallysimilarconclusions.Stillexpertspredictthenumberofcohabitingcouplesislikelytoincrease.Astheoffspringofthebabyboomercomeofagetheyareinclinedtodefermarriagesasdidtheirparents.Thiswillleadtomorecohabitationandnontraditionalfamilies.Untilpeopleunearththatlivingtogetherhaspitfallsitwon’twaneinpopularity.Cohabitinghasbeenportrayedwith"carefulneutrality"inthemediaandHollywoodcelebritieswhomoveinandoutofeachother’shomessetthestandard.ButWarrenFarrelltheSanDiego-basedauthorofWhyMenAretheWayTheyArearguesthatlivingtogetherisagoodideaforashortperiod."Tomakethejumpfromdatingwhenweputourbestfootforwardtobeingmarried"--withoutshowingeachotherthe"shadowsideofourselves"--istotreatmarriagefrivolouslyhesays. WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutcohabitationisCORRECT
Text4InanInterneterawhetherglobalizationmeansdemocracyanddevelopmentorhindrancetoprogressforeigninterferenceand.U.S.-ledeconomicdominationoverthedevelopingcountrieshasevokedhotdebate.Globalizationisaninevitabletendencywhichhasbroughtgreatopportunitiessuchasexchangeofknowledgeandinformationaccesstoothersocietiesaswellaseconomiccompetitionsandexposuretodifferentvaluesystems.Ontheotherhanditisalsoaccompaniedbyamultitudeofchallengestogetherwithsideeffectsontheformofincreasedpovertyratesbuttheeffectisnotalwayspredeterminedbecausetheproblemishowtodealwithitandmakepreparationforminimizingthechallenge.StatisticsdemonstrateinthelasttwocenturiestheindividualincomeaveragehasdecreasedandthesharesofprofitintheThirdWorldalsohavedemolishedincontrarytothedevelopedworld.Thereisaninternationaldistortionduetotheexploitationoftelecommunicationtechnologywhichfacilitatesmoneytransferwhichmadeiteasierforcapitalflight.DuringthelasttwocenturiesthenumberofcivilwarshasincreasedandtheworldbecameunderthecontrolofglobalizationandeconomicreformwhicheventuallyledcountrieslikeIndonesiatobebankrupted.ThisyearinSeattleover40000youngdemonstratorsprotestedagainstcapitalismandits"brutality"duringmeetingsoftheWorldTradeOrganization.Twohundredprotestersagainstglobalizationwerearrestedandhauledmanyawayinbusesaftertheyventuredintoadowntownsecurityzonewherepolicehadrestrictedmovementandimposedacurfew."Globalizationisanexpressionrepeatedbyinternationalmediawhichistryingtopolishitforustoonlyseethebrightsidetoit.Wehavetobewareofthemotivesbehindthisideologicalexpressionandtheinfluenceofthisexpressiononourdestiny.Globalizationhasproventhatitisnothingbutcorruptionandtheworldisagainstit"saidDr.HishamGasseibprofessorofSumayaUniversity.Ifglobalizationisforceditselfonanynationitisconsideredoccupationbecauseitwipesanycultureoreducationandinsteadreflectspovertyandunemployment.Thehighcompetitionmadeahugenumberofpeopleliveontheedgewhichforcesthemdoanythingtogainmoneyandeventuallyputtheircountriesundercontrolofothercountries.Globalizationislikeaflatcharacterwithnodimensionsachallengeforallnations.NationswithgreatculturalbackgroundshouldnotacceptanygesturefromtheWestwithoutthoroughlystudyingit. Whydoesglobalizationwillleadsomecountriestobeunderthecontrolofothercountries
下述符合慢性支气管炎病变的是
有关结核杆菌引起的变态反应下列叙述哪项是错误的
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinessegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10points46ThedeclineofcivilityandmannersmaybeworryingpeoplemorethancrimeaccordingtoGentilityRecallededitedbyDighyAndersonwhichlamentsthebreakdownoftraditionalcodesthatonceregulatedsocialconduct.Itcriticizedthefactthat"manners"arescornedasrepressiveandoutdated.TheresultaccordingtoMr.AndersondirectoroftheSocialAffairsUnitisasocietycharacterizedbyrudeness:loutishbehavioronthestreetsjostlingincrowdsimpoliteshopassistantsandbadtempereddrivers.47Mr.Andersonsaysthecumulativeeffectoftheseapparentlytrivialbutoftenoffensiveistomakeeverydaylifeuneasyunpredictableandunpleasant.Astheyareencounteredfarmoreoftenthancrimetheycancausemoreanxietythancrime.Thebookhascontributionsfrom12academicsindisciplinesrangingfrommedicinetosociologyandchartswhatitcallsthe"coarsening"ofBritain.Oldfashionedtermssuchas"gentleman"and"lady"havelostallmeaningfulresonanceandneedtobereevaluateditsaysRachelTrickettformerprincipalofSt.Hugh’sCollegeOxfordsaysthatthenotionofa"lady"protectswomenratherthandemeaningthem.48Feminismanddemandsforequalityhaveblurredthedistinctionsbetweenthesexescreatingsituationswheremenareabletodominatewomenbecauseoftheirmoreaggressiveandforcefulnaturesshesays."Womenwithoutsomecodeofdeferenceorrespectbecomeincreasinglyvictims."CarolineMoorethefirstwomanfellowofPeterhouseCambridgepointsoutthat"gentleman"isnowusedonlywithironyorderision."Thepopularviewofagentlemanispoisedsomewherebetweentheimbecile低能的parasiteandthevillainousone."ForAnthonyO’HearprofessorofphilosophyattheUniversityofBradford49mannersarecloselyassociatedwiththedifferentformsofbehaviorappropriateto.ageandstatus.Theycurbtheimpetuosityofyouthandthebitternessofoldage.Egalitarianismhesayshasledtopeoplefailingtoacttheirage."Wehavevicechancellorswithearringsaristocratsashippiesthetrendyvicar教区牧师onhismotorbike.Dr.BruceCharltonalecturerinpublichealthmedicineinNewcastletakesissuewiththeexcessiveinformalityofrelationsbetweenprofessionalssuchrelationshipsTristamEngelhardtprofessorofmedicineHoustonTexassaysmannersareboundtomorals.50"Mannersexpressaparticularsetofvalues"hesays"goodmannersinterpretandtransformsocialreality.Theyprovidesocialorientation. Feminismanddemandsforequalityhaveblurredthedistinctionsbetweenthesexescreatingsituationswheremenareabletodominatewomenbecauseoftheirmoreaggressiveandforcefulnaturesshesays.Womenwithoutsomecodeofdeferenceorrespectbecomeincreasinglyvictims.
Text2OwingtotheinsufficientgassupplyintheUnitedStatesthegaspricehasdramaticallyrisen.Thenewgaspricerealityandthepolicydecisionsitmaytriggerwillundoubtedlyleadtocriticalfinancialimplicationsforsomeindividualsorcompaniesbutthesituationcanhardlybetermeda"nationalcrisis"orevena"shortage".Whatistrueisthatbuyers--particularlythoseinthechemicalindustryandinindependentpowergeneration-willnotbeabletoacquirethequantityofgastheywishatthepricestheywishtopayorevenatpricesthatwillallowthemtoremaincompetitiveintheirmarketsparticularlyduringpeakdemandseasons.Overthenextyearortwotheresultwillbehigherandmorevolatilepricestobesurebuttherearemarket-drivenadjustmentmechanismsevenintheshortterme.g.moreelectricpowerfromcoalandoilreducedproductionofdomesticchemicalsandacommensuratesubstitutionofimports.Consumersandcompanieswillfeeltheeconomicpinchofhigherprices;particularlyifweexperienceanexceptionallyhotsummerandawinterwhenaveragetemperatureswere20%colderthantheyearbeforeintheNortheast.StilltheUnitedStatesfacesneitherthespecterofeconomicrecession--atleastnotsolelyduetogasprices--noroffreezingfamiliesunableto’obtaingastoheattheirhomes.GiventhisnewpriceplateaudemandadjustmentswillalsotakeplaceandvaryacrossregionsoftheUnitedStatesandacrossindustrieswithpowergenerationandchemicalsperhapsthemostaffected.Someinthoseindustriesmayfindthattheirfacilitiesarenolongerfinanciallyviableatthenewpriceplateauandtherewilllikelybeanotherroundofindustrialrestructuringnotunlikeothersthathaveresultedfrominternationaldifferencesinresourceandlaborcosts--lestweforgetnaturalgasisstillabundantandverylowcostinothercountriessuchasTrinidadQatarandIranjustaslaborisabundantandlowcostinChinaIndonesiaandpartsofLatinAmerica.FromapolicyperspectivetheUnitedStatesneedstocarefullyevaluateaseriesoftrade-offsbetweenenvironmentalconcernsandeconomicgrowth.Thegaspriceexperiencesofthelasttwoyearsarethefirstrealtastesoftheeconomiccostsofagas-basedenvironmentalstrategy.Evaluatingthesetrade-offsneedstobedonewithalevelheadandaclearunderstandingofthosetrade-offs. Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthesecondparagraph
Text2OwingtotheinsufficientgassupplyintheUnitedStatesthegaspricehasdramaticallyrisen.Thenewgaspricerealityandthepolicydecisionsitmaytriggerwillundoubtedlyleadtocriticalfinancialimplicationsforsomeindividualsorcompaniesbutthesituationcanhardlybetermeda"nationalcrisis"orevena"shortage".Whatistrueisthatbuyers--particularlythoseinthechemicalindustryandinindependentpowergeneration-willnotbeabletoacquirethequantityofgastheywishatthepricestheywishtopayorevenatpricesthatwillallowthemtoremaincompetitiveintheirmarketsparticularlyduringpeakdemandseasons.Overthenextyearortwotheresultwillbehigherandmorevolatilepricestobesurebuttherearemarket-drivenadjustmentmechanismsevenintheshortterme.g.moreelectricpowerfromcoalandoilreducedproductionofdomesticchemicalsandacommensuratesubstitutionofimports.Consumersandcompanieswillfeeltheeconomicpinchofhigherprices;particularlyifweexperienceanexceptionallyhotsummerandawinterwhenaveragetemperatureswere20%colderthantheyearbeforeintheNortheast.StilltheUnitedStatesfacesneitherthespecterofeconomicrecession--atleastnotsolelyduetogasprices--noroffreezingfamiliesunableto’obtaingastoheattheirhomes.GiventhisnewpriceplateaudemandadjustmentswillalsotakeplaceandvaryacrossregionsoftheUnitedStatesandacrossindustrieswithpowergenerationandchemicalsperhapsthemostaffected.Someinthoseindustriesmayfindthattheirfacilitiesarenolongerfinanciallyviableatthenewpriceplateauandtherewilllikelybeanotherroundofindustrialrestructuringnotunlikeothersthathaveresultedfrominternationaldifferencesinresourceandlaborcosts--lestweforgetnaturalgasisstillabundantandverylowcostinothercountriessuchasTrinidadQatarandIranjustaslaborisabundantandlowcostinChinaIndonesiaandpartsofLatinAmerica.FromapolicyperspectivetheUnitedStatesneedstocarefullyevaluateaseriesoftrade-offsbetweenenvironmentalconcernsandeconomicgrowth.Thegaspriceexperiencesofthelasttwoyearsarethefirstrealtastesoftheeconomiccostsofagas-basedenvironmentalstrategy.Evaluatingthesetrade-offsneedstobedonewithalevelheadandaclearunderstandingofthosetrade-offs. Whatisthemaintopicofthearticle
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points AmonthagotheBritishgovernmentannouncedaplantokeepterroristsuspectsindefinitelyunderhousearrest1thehomesecretary’ssay-soIthasbeenattackedfromallsideseversince.Thisweekthegovernmentbacktracked.UnderthePreventionofTerrorismbill2toParliamentthisweekhousearrestwould3apotential4inthegovernment’sever-expandinganti-terroristarsenalbutthegovernmentwouldfirsthaveto5ofArticle5oftheEuropeanConventiononHumanRightsguaranteeingarighttoliberty.Parliamentwouldhavetovoteonthat.Thegovernmentcoulddothis6theterroristthreattoBritainalreadydescribedbythegovernmentas"7"gotevenworse.Eventhenthepowerswouldremain8bypoliticalandjudicialsafeguards.Beforethehomesecretarycouldmakeahouse-arrestorderhewouldhavetobesatisfiedonthe9ofprobabilities--nolongeronthebasisof"reasonablesuspicion--thatthesuspecthasbeen"involvedinaterrorism-relatedactivity".Hewouldalsohavetobe10thatsuchanorderwas"strictlyrequired".Theperiodofhouse-arrestwillbelimitedtoamaximumofsixmonthsextendablethroughanewhouse-arrestorder.WithinsevendaysofitsbeingimposedtheHighCourtwouldhavetoconfirmthatthehomesecretaryhad"11grounds"formakingsuchanorder.Evenifitweresosatisfiedthecasewouldgoontoafullcourt12Thebillalsoprovidesforawholerangeoflesserrestrictionsincludingtaggingcurfewsabanonassociationwithspecifiedpeopleprohibitionsonusingphonesrestrictionsontravelandsoon.13tomeetthethreat14byeachsuspectandlimitedtoarenewableperiodof12monthsthesewouldnotbesubjecttothesamejudicialscrutinyashousearrest.Norwouldtheyrequire15fromtheEuropeanconvention.Butthenewordersincludinghousearrestwouldbeusedonlywhereasuspectedterroristcouldnotbeprosecuted16becausetheevidenceagainsthimwasnotadmissibleincourtorbecauseitmight17intelligencesourcesor18techniques.CharlesClarkeinsiststhathewouldprefertoprosecute.19thehomesecretaryisconsideringfurtheranti-terroristlegislationincludingmakingit20tobeinvolvedinthepreparationorcommissionofterroristacts. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.12
嘌呤环中第四位和第五位碳原子来自
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingtextsomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA～Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsGlobalizationwasthebuzzwordofthe1990sinthelasttwodecadesthemountofmoneyandgoodsmovingbetweencountrieshasbeenrisingsteadily.Atthesametimetradebarriersacrosstheworldhavebeenlowered.SohowclosearewetoatrueglobaleconomyandwhateffectisitlikelytohaveAnyonewhodoubtsthatglobalfinancialmarketscontrolnationaleconomiesneedonlylookatthecrisisfacingthe"tigers"oftheFarEast.Lastyearthevalueoftheircurrenciesplummetedafterinvestorsdecidedtheireconomicpolicieswerenotoughenough.Nowtheregionissufferingslowergrowthlowerlivingstandardsandrisingunemployment.ThesituationinAsiashowshowpowerhasshiftedfromindividualgovernmentstothemarkets.Intheorygovernmentsarefreetosettheirowneconomicpolicies;41.______________________Thetrendtowardsglobalizationbeganinearnestintheearly1970swhenthesystemoffixedexchangeratessetupafterWorldWarⅡwasdismantled.Thismeantthatthevalueofcurrencieswouldnowbedeterminedbythemarketsinsteadofindividualgovernments.Overthenexttwodecadescountriesslowlybegantoremovetheirexchangecontrols.42.______________________Otherfactorscontributingtotileriseofglobalizationarenewcommunicationstechnologiesandbettertransportationsystemsthesehaveenabledcompaniestogrowintomultinationalproducinggoodsononesideoftheplanetandsellingthemontheother.Lowercostshavealsohelpedthepriceoftelephonecallsforinstanceischeapernowthanatanytimeinhistory.Butadjustingtothisnew"economicorder"isprovingdifficult.InthedevelopedworldandinparticulartheEuropeanUnionglobalizationisfacingwidespreadpublicresistance.Criticscomplainthatwithouttheprotectionoftradebarriersjobsarebeinglosttoworkersinpoorercountriesandwagesforemployeesinrichcountriesarefalling.OpponentsintheEuropeanUnionpointtotheeffectsthatglobalizationhashadintheUSandBritain.Inthosecountrieswagesarestagnantexceptforaprivilegedfewandtaxesandwelfarebenefitshavebeenreducedtohelpcompaniescompetewithindustriesinthedevelopingworld.43.______________________.Thoseinfavorofglobalizationaccusetheircriticsofbeingshort-sightedprotectionists.Theyclaimamoreintegratedglobaleconomywillultimatelybenefiteveryonebecauseitwillenablecountriestospecializeinthoseareaswheretheyperformbest.Developingcountrieswiththeirhigherpopulationsandlowerwageswillconcentrateonlabor-intensiveindustriessuchasrawmaterialsmanufacturinginmuchthesamewayaswesterncountriesdidduringtheindustrialrevolution.44.______________________.Theeffectofthissaysupporterswillbetoimproveproductivityinallcountriesleadingtohigherlivingstandards.Thefreemovementofcapitalwillalsohelppoorercountriesdevelopsotheycanplayafullandactiveroleintheworldeconomy.45.______________________.Buthowclosearewetoatrulyglobaleconomy.’Forthelosersprobablytooclose.Butintermsofrealeconomicintegrationthereisstillalongwaytogo. [A]Evensupportersofglobalizationacknowledgehoweverthattherewillbelosers.Atpresentthosesufferingmostarepeopleworkinginlabor-intensiveindustriesinthedevelopedworld~Alreadytheyarefacingrisingunemploymentandfallingwagesascompaniesstruggletocompetewithmanufacturersindevelopingcountries.Theyarguethatwithouttheprotectionoftradebarriersandthewelfarestatetheirchancesofimprovingtheirskillsandlivingstandardswilldisappearresultinginagrowingdividebetweenrichandpoor. [B]Foreigninvestmentisalsoextremelysmallamountingtolittlemorethanfivepercentofthedevelopedworld’sdomesticinvestments. [C]Aglobaleconomywouldmeancompletefreedomofmovementofgoodsandservicescapitalandlabor.Yetevenignoringthetariffsandotherrestrictionsstillinplacecross-bordertraderemainstinycomparedtothevolumeofgoodsandservicestradedwithincountries. [D]Inpracticetheymustconformtoaglobaleconomicmodelorriskbeingpenalizedbythemarkets. [E]Therichercountriesontheotherhandwilldiversifyintohi-techindustrieswherehighproductivityandspecialistknowledgeareparamount. [F]Opponentsofglobalizationalsopointtoitseffectsonworkersinpoorercountries.Theyagreethatmultinationalsmaybehelpingtoreduceunemploymentinthedevelopingworldbuttheyarguethatjobsarehardlyworthhavingsincetheyarelow-paidandexploitative. [G]By1990nearlyallworld’smajoreconomicshadgotridofrestrictionsonhowmuchmoneycouldbemovedinandoutoftheircountries. 42
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经糖异生途径生成葡萄糖时耗能最多的化合物是
Text3AIDSisoneofthemostfatalandrampantdiseasesthatdeprivesofhundredsofthousandsofliveseachyearallovertheworldandtheconditioninAfricancountriesismuchworseforlackofmedicineeducationaswellaspreventivemeasures.Scientistsandresearchershaveneverceasedtheireffortstohaltthewidespreadingtendencyofthisinfectingdiseaseunfortunatelytillnowtheyhavenotinventedanyeffectivevaccine.LastweekanexperimentalAIDSvaccinetestedinThailandonsome2500drugusersfailedtoprotectthemfrombecominginfectedwithHIVdeclaredVaxGenInc.thevaccine’sdeveloper.ThepoolresultswerewidelyexpectedsinceVaxGenInc.hadsaidearlierthatitsvaccinedidnotworkinalargerNorthAmericanstudy.MostAIDSresearchersagreethatvaccineswillbetheonlyeffectivewaytocontrolavirusthathaskilled28millionpeopleandinfected42millionmoreworldwide.Twodozenothervaccinesarebeingtestedon12000humanvolunteersbutnonehasadvancedasfarasVaxGen’sandanysuccessfulcandidateisyearsaway.OfficialsatBrisbaneCalif-basedVaxGensaidtheThairesultsunderscoredagainhowwilyAIDSisinthwartingtheimmunesystem.Thefindingsalsoshow"howimportantitisfortheinternationalpublichealthcommunitytoredoubletheefforttodevelopaneffectivevaccine"presidentDr.DonaldFrancissaid.VaxGen’svaccinelikemostothersbeingtesteddidnotcontainthevirusitselfandcannotcauseAIDS.Insteadthevaccinecontainedsmallmanmadegeneticbitsofthevirusthatscientistshadhopedwouldprovokeanimmuneresponsestrongenoughtostopthevirusfrominvadinghealthycells.Threeyearsagothecompanyenrolled2546peopleinandaroundBangkokwhowereathighriskforHIVbecausetheyhabituallyswappedneedlestoinjectdrugs.Halfweregiventheexperimentalvaccineandhalfweregivenaplacebo.Allvolunteersweregivenextensiverisk-reductioncounselingthecompanysaid.Intheendthevaccineofferednogreaterprotection:105’peoplegiventheplacebobecameinfectedwithHIVwhile106peoplegiventhevaccinetestedpositive.InFebruaryVaxGenannounceditsvaccinewasineffectiveagainstadifferentAIDSstrainfoundinNorthAmerica.Thefailureofthisexperimentalvaccinereinforcesthehardnessofanti-AIDSbattleandtheultimatesuccessseemstoemergeyearslater.HowevermankindisnotsovulnerabletobecompletelydefeatedbyAIDS. HowmanyvolunteersaretestedbyVaxGen'svaccine
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points AmonthagotheBritishgovernmentannouncedaplantokeepterroristsuspectsindefinitelyunderhousearrest1thehomesecretary’ssay-soIthasbeenattackedfromallsideseversince.Thisweekthegovernmentbacktracked.UnderthePreventionofTerrorismbill2toParliamentthisweekhousearrestwould3apotential4inthegovernment’sever-expandinganti-terroristarsenalbutthegovernmentwouldfirsthaveto5ofArticle5oftheEuropeanConventiononHumanRightsguaranteeingarighttoliberty.Parliamentwouldhavetovoteonthat.Thegovernmentcoulddothis6theterroristthreattoBritainalreadydescribedbythegovernmentas"7"gotevenworse.Eventhenthepowerswouldremain8bypoliticalandjudicialsafeguards.Beforethehomesecretarycouldmakeahouse-arrestorderhewouldhavetobesatisfiedonthe9ofprobabilities--nolongeronthebasisof"reasonablesuspicion--thatthesuspecthasbeen"involvedinaterrorism-relatedactivity".Hewouldalsohavetobe10thatsuchanorderwas"strictlyrequired".Theperiodofhouse-arrestwillbelimitedtoamaximumofsixmonthsextendablethroughanewhouse-arrestorder.WithinsevendaysofitsbeingimposedtheHighCourtwouldhavetoconfirmthatthehomesecretaryhad"11grounds"formakingsuchanorder.Evenifitweresosatisfiedthecasewouldgoontoafullcourt12Thebillalsoprovidesforawholerangeoflesserrestrictionsincludingtaggingcurfewsabanonassociationwithspecifiedpeopleprohibitionsonusingphonesrestrictionsontravelandsoon.13tomeetthethreat14byeachsuspectandlimitedtoarenewableperiodof12monthsthesewouldnotbesubjecttothesamejudicialscrutinyashousearrest.Norwouldtheyrequire15fromtheEuropeanconvention.Butthenewordersincludinghousearrestwouldbeusedonlywhereasuspectedterroristcouldnotbeprosecuted16becausetheevidenceagainsthimwasnotadmissibleincourtorbecauseitmight17intelligencesourcesor18techniques.CharlesClarkeinsiststhathewouldprefertoprosecute.19thehomesecretaryisconsideringfurtheranti-terroristlegislationincludingmakingit20tobeinvolvedinthepreparationorcommissionofterroristacts. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10
Text4InanInterneterawhetherglobalizationmeansdemocracyanddevelopmentorhindrancetoprogressforeigninterferenceand.U.S.-ledeconomicdominationoverthedevelopingcountrieshasevokedhotdebate.Globalizationisaninevitabletendencywhichhasbroughtgreatopportunitiessuchasexchangeofknowledgeandinformationaccesstoothersocietiesaswellaseconomiccompetitionsandexposuretodifferentvaluesystems.Ontheotherhanditisalsoaccompaniedbyamultitudeofchallengestogetherwithsideeffectsontheformofincreasedpovertyratesbuttheeffectisnotalwayspredeterminedbecausetheproblemishowtodealwithitandmakepreparationforminimizingthechallenge.StatisticsdemonstrateinthelasttwocenturiestheindividualincomeaveragehasdecreasedandthesharesofprofitintheThirdWorldalsohavedemolishedincontrarytothedevelopedworld.Thereisaninternationaldistortionduetotheexploitationoftelecommunicationtechnologywhichfacilitatesmoneytransferwhichmadeiteasierforcapitalflight.DuringthelasttwocenturiesthenumberofcivilwarshasincreasedandtheworldbecameunderthecontrolofglobalizationandeconomicreformwhicheventuallyledcountrieslikeIndonesiatobebankrupted.ThisyearinSeattleover40000youngdemonstratorsprotestedagainstcapitalismandits"brutality"duringmeetingsoftheWorldTradeOrganization.Twohundredprotestersagainstglobalizationwerearrestedandhauledmanyawayinbusesaftertheyventuredintoadowntownsecurityzonewherepolicehadrestrictedmovementandimposedacurfew."Globalizationisanexpressionrepeatedbyinternationalmediawhichistryingtopolishitforustoonlyseethebrightsidetoit.Wehavetobewareofthemotivesbehindthisideologicalexpressionandtheinfluenceofthisexpressiononourdestiny.Globalizationhasproventhatitisnothingbutcorruptionandtheworldisagainstit"saidDr.HishamGasseibprofessorofSumayaUniversity.Ifglobalizationisforceditselfonanynationitisconsideredoccupationbecauseitwipesanycultureoreducationandinsteadreflectspovertyandunemployment.Thehighcompetitionmadeahugenumberofpeopleliveontheedgewhichforcesthemdoanythingtogainmoneyandeventuallyputtheircountriesundercontrolofothercountries.Globalizationislikeaflatcharacterwithnodimensionsachallengeforallnations.NationswithgreatculturalbackgroundshouldnotacceptanygesturefromtheWestwithoutthoroughlystudyingit. What'sthemainideaofthearticle
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points AmonthagotheBritishgovernmentannouncedaplantokeepterroristsuspectsindefinitelyunderhousearrest1thehomesecretary’ssay-soIthasbeenattackedfromallsideseversince.Thisweekthegovernmentbacktracked.UnderthePreventionofTerrorismbill2toParliamentthisweekhousearrestwould3apotential4inthegovernment’sever-expandinganti-terroristarsenalbutthegovernmentwouldfirsthaveto5ofArticle5oftheEuropeanConventiononHumanRightsguaranteeingarighttoliberty.Parliamentwouldhavetovoteonthat.Thegovernmentcoulddothis6theterroristthreattoBritainalreadydescribedbythegovernmentas"7"gotevenworse.Eventhenthepowerswouldremain8bypoliticalandjudicialsafeguards.Beforethehomesecretarycouldmakeahouse-arrestorderhewouldhavetobesatisfiedonthe9ofprobabilities--nolongeronthebasisof"reasonablesuspicion--thatthesuspecthasbeen"involvedinaterrorism-relatedactivity".Hewouldalsohavetobe10thatsuchanorderwas"strictlyrequired".Theperiodofhouse-arrestwillbelimitedtoamaximumofsixmonthsextendablethroughanewhouse-arrestorder.WithinsevendaysofitsbeingimposedtheHighCourtwouldhavetoconfirmthatthehomesecretaryhad"11grounds"formakingsuchanorder.Evenifitweresosatisfiedthecasewouldgoontoafullcourt12Thebillalsoprovidesforawholerangeoflesserrestrictionsincludingtaggingcurfewsabanonassociationwithspecifiedpeopleprohibitionsonusingphonesrestrictionsontravelandsoon.13tomeetthethreat14byeachsuspectandlimitedtoarenewableperiodof12monthsthesewouldnotbesubjecttothesamejudicialscrutinyashousearrest.Norwouldtheyrequire15fromtheEuropeanconvention.Butthenewordersincludinghousearrestwouldbeusedonlywhereasuspectedterroristcouldnotbeprosecuted16becausetheevidenceagainsthimwasnotadmissibleincourtorbecauseitmight17intelligencesourcesor18techniques.CharlesClarkeinsiststhathewouldprefertoprosecute.19thehomesecretaryisconsideringfurtheranti-terroristlegislationincludingmakingit20tobeinvolvedinthepreparationorcommissionofterroristacts. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.18
Text2OwingtotheinsufficientgassupplyintheUnitedStatesthegaspricehasdramaticallyrisen.Thenewgaspricerealityandthepolicydecisionsitmaytriggerwillundoubtedlyleadtocriticalfinancialimplicationsforsomeindividualsorcompaniesbutthesituationcanhardlybetermeda"nationalcrisis"orevena"shortage".Whatistrueisthatbuyers--particularlythoseinthechemicalindustryandinindependentpowergeneration-willnotbeabletoacquirethequantityofgastheywishatthepricestheywishtopayorevenatpricesthatwillallowthemtoremaincompetitiveintheirmarketsparticularlyduringpeakdemandseasons.Overthenextyearortwotheresultwillbehigherandmorevolatilepricestobesurebuttherearemarket-drivenadjustmentmechanismsevenintheshortterme.g.moreelectricpowerfromcoalandoilreducedproductionofdomesticchemicalsandacommensuratesubstitutionofimports.Consumersandcompanieswillfeeltheeconomicpinchofhigherprices;particularlyifweexperienceanexceptionallyhotsummerandawinterwhenaveragetemperatureswere20%colderthantheyearbeforeintheNortheast.StilltheUnitedStatesfacesneitherthespecterofeconomicrecession--atleastnotsolelyduetogasprices--noroffreezingfamiliesunableto’obtaingastoheattheirhomes.GiventhisnewpriceplateaudemandadjustmentswillalsotakeplaceandvaryacrossregionsoftheUnitedStatesandacrossindustrieswithpowergenerationandchemicalsperhapsthemostaffected.Someinthoseindustriesmayfindthattheirfacilitiesarenolongerfinanciallyviableatthenewpriceplateauandtherewilllikelybeanotherroundofindustrialrestructuringnotunlikeothersthathaveresultedfrominternationaldifferencesinresourceandlaborcosts--lestweforgetnaturalgasisstillabundantandverylowcostinothercountriessuchasTrinidadQatarandIranjustaslaborisabundantandlowcostinChinaIndonesiaandpartsofLatinAmerica.FromapolicyperspectivetheUnitedStatesneedstocarefullyevaluateaseriesoftrade-offsbetweenenvironmentalconcernsandeconomicgrowth.Thegaspriceexperiencesofthelasttwoyearsarethefirstrealtastesoftheeconomiccostsofagas-basedenvironmentalstrategy.Evaluatingthesetrade-offsneedstobedonewithalevelheadandaclearunderstandingofthosetrade-offs. Whatdoestheunderlinedwordcommensurateinthesecondparagraphmean
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCor1.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40pointsText1MoreAmericansarecohabiting-livingtogetheroutofwedlock--thanever.Someexportsapplaudthepracticebutotherswarnplayinghousedoesnotalwaysleadtomaritalbliss.AtonetimeinAmericalivingtogetheroutofwedlockwasscandalous.Unmarriedspouseswho"shackedup"weresaidtobe"livinginsin".Indeedcohabitationwasillegalthroughoutthecountryuntilabout1970.Todaystatisticstelladifferenttale.Thenumberofunwedcoupleslivingtogetherhasrisentoanewhigh--morethan4.1millionasofMarch1997accordingtotheCensusBureau.Thatfigurewasupfrom3.96millioncouplesthepreviousyearandrepresentsaquantumleapfromthe430000cohabitingcouplescountedin1960.Thebureaufound’thatcohabitingismostprevailinginthe24-35agegroupaccountingfor1.6millionsuchcouples.Cohabitantsclaimtheylivetogetherprimarilytosolidifytheirloveandcommitmenttoeachother.Mostintendtomarry;only13%ofcohabitantsdonotanticipatetolegalizetheirrelationship.Buttherealityfrommanycouplesisdifferent:Movingindoesnotleadto"happilyeverafter."Fortypercentofcohabitantsnevermakeittothealtar.Ofthe60%whodomarrymorethanhalfdivorcewithin10yearscomparedwith30%ofmarriedcoupleswhodidnotlivetogetherfirst.CohabitingpartnersaremoreunfaithfulandfightmoreoftenthanmarriedcouplesaccordingtoresearchbytheHowardCenterforFamilyReligionandSociety.Otherstudieshavecometoequallysimilarconclusions.Stillexpertspredictthenumberofcohabitingcouplesislikelytoincrease.Astheoffspringofthebabyboomercomeofagetheyareinclinedtodefermarriagesasdidtheirparents.Thiswillleadtomorecohabitationandnontraditionalfamilies.Untilpeopleunearththatlivingtogetherhaspitfallsitwon’twaneinpopularity.Cohabitinghasbeenportrayedwith"carefulneutrality"inthemediaandHollywoodcelebritieswhomoveinandoutofeachother’shomessetthestandard.ButWarrenFarrelltheSanDiego-basedauthorofWhyMenAretheWayTheyArearguesthatlivingtogetherisagoodideaforashortperiod."Tomakethejumpfromdatingwhenweputourbestfootforwardtobeingmarried"--withoutshowingeachotherthe"shadowsideofourselves"--istotreatmarriagefrivolouslyhesays. Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethat
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points AmonthagotheBritishgovernmentannouncedaplantokeepterroristsuspectsindefinitelyunderhousearrest1thehomesecretary’ssay-soIthasbeenattackedfromallsideseversince.Thisweekthegovernmentbacktracked.UnderthePreventionofTerrorismbill2toParliamentthisweekhousearrestwould3apotential4inthegovernment’sever-expandinganti-terroristarsenalbutthegovernmentwouldfirsthaveto5ofArticle5oftheEuropeanConventiononHumanRightsguaranteeingarighttoliberty.Parliamentwouldhavetovoteonthat.Thegovernmentcoulddothis6theterroristthreattoBritainalreadydescribedbythegovernmentas"7"gotevenworse.Eventhenthepowerswouldremain8bypoliticalandjudicialsafeguards.Beforethehomesecretarycouldmakeahouse-arrestorderhewouldhavetobesatisfiedonthe9ofprobabilities--nolongeronthebasisof"reasonablesuspicion--thatthesuspecthasbeen"involvedinaterrorism-relatedactivity".Hewouldalsohavetobe10thatsuchanorderwas"strictlyrequired".Theperiodofhouse-arrestwillbelimitedtoamaximumofsixmonthsextendablethroughanewhouse-arrestorder.WithinsevendaysofitsbeingimposedtheHighCourtwouldhavetoconfirmthatthehomesecretaryhad"11grounds"formakingsuchanorder.Evenifitweresosatisfiedthecasewouldgoontoafullcourt12Thebillalsoprovidesforawholerangeoflesserrestrictionsincludingtaggingcurfewsabanonassociationwithspecifiedpeopleprohibitionsonusingphonesrestrictionsontravelandsoon.13tomeetthethreat14byeachsuspectandlimitedtoarenewableperiodof12monthsthesewouldnotbesubjecttothesamejudicialscrutinyashousearrest.Norwouldtheyrequire15fromtheEuropeanconvention.Butthenewordersincludinghousearrestwouldbeusedonlywhereasuspectedterroristcouldnotbeprosecuted16becausetheevidenceagainsthimwasnotadmissibleincourtorbecauseitmight17intelligencesourcesor18techniques.CharlesClarkeinsiststhathewouldprefertoprosecute.19thehomesecretaryisconsideringfurtheranti-terroristlegislationincludingmakingit20tobeinvolvedinthepreparationorcommissionofterroristacts. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.20
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinessegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10points46ThedeclineofcivilityandmannersmaybeworryingpeoplemorethancrimeaccordingtoGentilityRecallededitedbyDighyAndersonwhichlamentsthebreakdownoftraditionalcodesthatonceregulatedsocialconduct.Itcriticizedthefactthat"manners"arescornedasrepressiveandoutdated.TheresultaccordingtoMr.AndersondirectoroftheSocialAffairsUnitisasocietycharacterizedbyrudeness:loutishbehavioronthestreetsjostlingincrowdsimpoliteshopassistantsandbadtempereddrivers.47Mr.Andersonsaysthecumulativeeffectoftheseapparentlytrivialbutoftenoffensiveistomakeeverydaylifeuneasyunpredictableandunpleasant.Astheyareencounteredfarmoreoftenthancrimetheycancausemoreanxietythancrime.Thebookhascontributionsfrom12academicsindisciplinesrangingfrommedicinetosociologyandchartswhatitcallsthe"coarsening"ofBritain.Oldfashionedtermssuchas"gentleman"and"lady"havelostallmeaningfulresonanceandneedtobereevaluateditsaysRachelTrickettformerprincipalofSt.Hugh’sCollegeOxfordsaysthatthenotionofa"lady"protectswomenratherthandemeaningthem.48Feminismanddemandsforequalityhaveblurredthedistinctionsbetweenthesexescreatingsituationswheremenareabletodominatewomenbecauseoftheirmoreaggressiveandforcefulnaturesshesays."Womenwithoutsomecodeofdeferenceorrespectbecomeincreasinglyvictims."CarolineMoorethefirstwomanfellowofPeterhouseCambridgepointsoutthat"gentleman"isnowusedonlywithironyorderision."Thepopularviewofagentlemanispoisedsomewherebetweentheimbecile低能的parasiteandthevillainousone."ForAnthonyO’HearprofessorofphilosophyattheUniversityofBradford49mannersarecloselyassociatedwiththedifferentformsofbehaviorappropriateto.ageandstatus.Theycurbtheimpetuosityofyouthandthebitternessofoldage.Egalitarianismhesayshasledtopeoplefailingtoacttheirage."Wehavevicechancellorswithearringsaristocratsashippiesthetrendyvicar教区牧师onhismotorbike.Dr.BruceCharltonalecturerinpublichealthmedicineinNewcastletakesissuewiththeexcessiveinformalityofrelationsbetweenprofessionalssuchrelationshipsTristamEngelhardtprofessorofmedicineHoustonTexassaysmannersareboundtomorals.50"Mannersexpressaparticularsetofvalues"hesays"goodmannersinterpretandtransformsocialreality.Theyprovidesocialorientation. ThedeclineofcivilityandmannersmaybeworryingpeoplemorethancrimeaccordingtoGentilityRecallededitedbyDighyAndersonwhichlamentsthebreakdownoftraditionalcodesthatonceregulatedsocialconduct.
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingtextsomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA～Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsGlobalizationwasthebuzzwordofthe1990sinthelasttwodecadesthemountofmoneyandgoodsmovingbetweencountrieshasbeenrisingsteadily.Atthesametimetradebarriersacrosstheworldhavebeenlowered.SohowclosearewetoatrueglobaleconomyandwhateffectisitlikelytohaveAnyonewhodoubtsthatglobalfinancialmarketscontrolnationaleconomiesneedonlylookatthecrisisfacingthe"tigers"oftheFarEast.Lastyearthevalueoftheircurrenciesplummetedafterinvestorsdecidedtheireconomicpolicieswerenotoughenough.Nowtheregionissufferingslowergrowthlowerlivingstandardsandrisingunemployment.ThesituationinAsiashowshowpowerhasshiftedfromindividualgovernmentstothemarkets.Intheorygovernmentsarefreetosettheirowneconomicpolicies;41.______________________Thetrendtowardsglobalizationbeganinearnestintheearly1970swhenthesystemoffixedexchangeratessetupafterWorldWarⅡwasdismantled.Thismeantthatthevalueofcurrencieswouldnowbedeterminedbythemarketsinsteadofindividualgovernments.Overthenexttwodecadescountriesslowlybegantoremovetheirexchangecontrols.42.______________________Otherfactorscontributingtotileriseofglobalizationarenewcommunicationstechnologiesandbettertransportationsystemsthesehaveenabledcompaniestogrowintomultinationalproducinggoodsononesideoftheplanetandsellingthemontheother.Lowercostshavealsohelpedthepriceoftelephonecallsforinstanceischeapernowthanatanytimeinhistory.Butadjustingtothisnew"economicorder"isprovingdifficult.InthedevelopedworldandinparticulartheEuropeanUnionglobalizationisfacingwidespreadpublicresistance.Criticscomplainthatwithouttheprotectionoftradebarriersjobsarebeinglosttoworkersinpoorercountriesandwagesforemployeesinrichcountriesarefalling.OpponentsintheEuropeanUnionpointtotheeffectsthatglobalizationhashadintheUSandBritain.Inthosecountrieswagesarestagnantexceptforaprivilegedfewandtaxesandwelfarebenefitshavebeenreducedtohelpcompaniescompetewithindustriesinthedevelopingworld.43.______________________.Thoseinfavorofglobalizationaccusetheircriticsofbeingshort-sightedprotectionists.Theyclaimamoreintegratedglobaleconomywillultimatelybenefiteveryonebecauseitwillenablecountriestospecializeinthoseareaswheretheyperformbest.Developingcountrieswiththeirhigherpopulationsandlowerwageswillconcentrateonlabor-intensiveindustriessuchasrawmaterialsmanufacturinginmuchthesamewayaswesterncountriesdidduringtheindustrialrevolution.44.______________________.Theeffectofthissaysupporterswillbetoimproveproductivityinallcountriesleadingtohigherlivingstandards.Thefreemovementofcapitalwillalsohelppoorercountriesdevelopsotheycanplayafullandactiveroleintheworldeconomy.45.______________________.Buthowclosearewetoatrulyglobaleconomy.’Forthelosersprobablytooclose.Butintermsofrealeconomicintegrationthereisstillalongwaytogo. [A]Evensupportersofglobalizationacknowledgehoweverthattherewillbelosers.Atpresentthosesufferingmostarepeopleworkinginlabor-intensiveindustriesinthedevelopedworld~Alreadytheyarefacingrisingunemploymentandfallingwagesascompaniesstruggletocompetewithmanufacturersindevelopingcountries.Theyarguethatwithouttheprotectionoftradebarriersandthewelfarestatetheirchancesofimprovingtheirskillsandlivingstandardswilldisappearresultinginagrowingdividebetweenrichandpoor. [B]Foreigninvestmentisalsoextremelysmallamountingtolittlemorethanfivepercentofthedevelopedworld’sdomesticinvestments. [C]Aglobaleconomywouldmeancompletefreedomofmovementofgoodsandservicescapitalandlabor.Yetevenignoringthetariffsandotherrestrictionsstillinplacecross-bordertraderemainstinycomparedtothevolumeofgoodsandservicestradedwithincountries. [D]Inpracticetheymustconformtoaglobaleconomicmodelorriskbeingpenalizedbythemarkets. [E]Therichercountriesontheotherhandwilldiversifyintohi-techindustrieswherehighproductivityandspecialistknowledgeareparamount. [F]Opponentsofglobalizationalsopointtoitseffectsonworkersinpoorercountries.Theyagreethatmultinationalsmaybehelpingtoreduceunemploymentinthedevelopingworldbuttheyarguethatjobsarehardlyworthhavingsincetheyarelow-paidandexploitative. [G]By1990nearlyallworld’smajoreconomicshadgotridofrestrictionsonhowmuchmoneycouldbemovedinandoutoftheircountries. 44
1.showyourunderstandingofthesymbolicmeaningofthepicturebelow 1thecontentofthepicture 2thesymbolicmeaning 3thespecialunderstanding 2.giveaspecificexample/commentand 3.giveyoursuggestionastothebestwaytoencouragehonesty.
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points AmonthagotheBritishgovernmentannouncedaplantokeepterroristsuspectsindefinitelyunderhousearrest1thehomesecretary’ssay-soIthasbeenattackedfromallsideseversince.Thisweekthegovernmentbacktracked.UnderthePreventionofTerrorismbill2toParliamentthisweekhousearrestwould3apotential4inthegovernment’sever-expandinganti-terroristarsenalbutthegovernmentwouldfirsthaveto5ofArticle5oftheEuropeanConventiononHumanRightsguaranteeingarighttoliberty.Parliamentwouldhavetovoteonthat.Thegovernmentcoulddothis6theterroristthreattoBritainalreadydescribedbythegovernmentas"7"gotevenworse.Eventhenthepowerswouldremain8bypoliticalandjudicialsafeguards.Beforethehomesecretarycouldmakeahouse-arrestorderhewouldhavetobesatisfiedonthe9ofprobabilities--nolongeronthebasisof"reasonablesuspicion--thatthesuspecthasbeen"involvedinaterrorism-relatedactivity".Hewouldalsohavetobe10thatsuchanorderwas"strictlyrequired".Theperiodofhouse-arrestwillbelimitedtoamaximumofsixmonthsextendablethroughanewhouse-arrestorder.WithinsevendaysofitsbeingimposedtheHighCourtwouldhavetoconfirmthatthehomesecretaryhad"11grounds"formakingsuchanorder.Evenifitweresosatisfiedthecasewouldgoontoafullcourt12Thebillalsoprovidesforawholerangeoflesserrestrictionsincludingtaggingcurfewsabanonassociationwithspecifiedpeopleprohibitionsonusingphonesrestrictionsontravelandsoon.13tomeetthethreat14byeachsuspectandlimitedtoarenewableperiodof12monthsthesewouldnotbesubjecttothesamejudicialscrutinyashousearrest.Norwouldtheyrequire15fromtheEuropeanconvention.Butthenewordersincludinghousearrestwouldbeusedonlywhereasuspectedterroristcouldnotbeprosecuted16becausetheevidenceagainsthimwasnotadmissibleincourtorbecauseitmight17intelligencesourcesor18techniques.CharlesClarkeinsiststhathewouldprefertoprosecute.19thehomesecretaryisconsideringfurtheranti-terroristlegislationincludingmakingit20tobeinvolvedinthepreparationorcommissionofterroristacts. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.14
关于感受器的一般生理特征不正确的叙述是
Text4InanInterneterawhetherglobalizationmeansdemocracyanddevelopmentorhindrancetoprogressforeigninterferenceand.U.S.-ledeconomicdominationoverthedevelopingcountrieshasevokedhotdebate.Globalizationisaninevitabletendencywhichhasbroughtgreatopportunitiessuchasexchangeofknowledgeandinformationaccesstoothersocietiesaswellaseconomiccompetitionsandexposuretodifferentvaluesystems.Ontheotherhanditisalsoaccompaniedbyamultitudeofchallengestogetherwithsideeffectsontheformofincreasedpovertyratesbuttheeffectisnotalwayspredeterminedbecausetheproblemishowtodealwithitandmakepreparationforminimizingthechallenge.StatisticsdemonstrateinthelasttwocenturiestheindividualincomeaveragehasdecreasedandthesharesofprofitintheThirdWorldalsohavedemolishedincontrarytothedevelopedworld.Thereisaninternationaldistortionduetotheexploitationoftelecommunicationtechnologywhichfacilitatesmoneytransferwhichmadeiteasierforcapitalflight.DuringthelasttwocenturiesthenumberofcivilwarshasincreasedandtheworldbecameunderthecontrolofglobalizationandeconomicreformwhicheventuallyledcountrieslikeIndonesiatobebankrupted.ThisyearinSeattleover40000youngdemonstratorsprotestedagainstcapitalismandits"brutality"duringmeetingsoftheWorldTradeOrganization.Twohundredprotestersagainstglobalizationwerearrestedandhauledmanyawayinbusesaftertheyventuredintoadowntownsecurityzonewherepolicehadrestrictedmovementandimposedacurfew."Globalizationisanexpressionrepeatedbyinternationalmediawhichistryingtopolishitforustoonlyseethebrightsidetoit.Wehavetobewareofthemotivesbehindthisideologicalexpressionandtheinfluenceofthisexpressiononourdestiny.Globalizationhasproventhatitisnothingbutcorruptionandtheworldisagainstit"saidDr.HishamGasseibprofessorofSumayaUniversity.Ifglobalizationisforceditselfonanynationitisconsideredoccupationbecauseitwipesanycultureoreducationandinsteadreflectspovertyandunemployment.Thehighcompetitionmadeahugenumberofpeopleliveontheedgewhichforcesthemdoanythingtogainmoneyandeventuallyputtheircountriesundercontrolofothercountries.Globalizationislikeaflatcharacterwithnodimensionsachallengeforallnations.NationswithgreatculturalbackgroundshouldnotacceptanygesturefromtheWestwithoutthoroughlystudyingit. Whatisthemainideaofthethirdparagraph
参与调节氧化磷酸化作用的重要激素是
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinessegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10points46ThedeclineofcivilityandmannersmaybeworryingpeoplemorethancrimeaccordingtoGentilityRecallededitedbyDighyAndersonwhichlamentsthebreakdownoftraditionalcodesthatonceregulatedsocialconduct.Itcriticizedthefactthat"manners"arescornedasrepressiveandoutdated.TheresultaccordingtoMr.AndersondirectoroftheSocialAffairsUnitisasocietycharacterizedbyrudeness:loutishbehavioronthestreetsjostlingincrowdsimpoliteshopassistantsandbadtempereddrivers.47Mr.Andersonsaysthecumulativeeffectoftheseapparentlytrivialbutoftenoffensiveistomakeeverydaylifeuneasyunpredictableandunpleasant.Astheyareencounteredfarmoreoftenthancrimetheycancausemoreanxietythancrime.Thebookhascontributionsfrom12academicsindisciplinesrangingfrommedicinetosociologyandchartswhatitcallsthe"coarsening"ofBritain.Oldfashionedtermssuchas"gentleman"and"lady"havelostallmeaningfulresonanceandneedtobereevaluateditsaysRachelTrickettformerprincipalofSt.Hugh’sCollegeOxfordsaysthatthenotionofa"lady"protectswomenratherthandemeaningthem.48Feminismanddemandsforequalityhaveblurredthedistinctionsbetweenthesexescreatingsituationswheremenareabletodominatewomenbecauseoftheirmoreaggressiveandforcefulnaturesshesays."Womenwithoutsomecodeofdeferenceorrespectbecomeincreasinglyvictims."CarolineMoorethefirstwomanfellowofPeterhouseCambridgepointsoutthat"gentleman"isnowusedonlywithironyorderision."Thepopularviewofagentlemanispoisedsomewherebetweentheimbecile低能的parasiteandthevillainousone."ForAnthonyO’HearprofessorofphilosophyattheUniversityofBradford49mannersarecloselyassociatedwiththedifferentformsofbehaviorappropriateto.ageandstatus.Theycurbtheimpetuosityofyouthandthebitternessofoldage.Egalitarianismhesayshasledtopeoplefailingtoacttheirage."Wehavevicechancellorswithearringsaristocratsashippiesthetrendyvicar教区牧师onhismotorbike.Dr.BruceCharltonalecturerinpublichealthmedicineinNewcastletakesissuewiththeexcessiveinformalityofrelationsbetweenprofessionalssuchrelationshipsTristamEngelhardtprofessorofmedicineHoustonTexassaysmannersareboundtomorals.50"Mannersexpressaparticularsetofvalues"hesays"goodmannersinterpretandtransformsocialreality.Theyprovidesocialorientation. Mannersexpressaparticularsetofvalueshesaysgoodmannersinterpretandtransformsocialreality.Theyprovidesocialorientation.
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