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Noblueprintexistsfortransforminganeconomyfromonewithagreatdealofgovernmentcontroltoonebasedalmostsolelyonfreemarketprinciples.YettheexperienceoftheUnitedKingdomsince1979clearlyshowsoneapproachthatworks:privatizationinwhichunder-performingstate-ownedaresoldtoprivatecompanies.By1979thetotalamountofdebtliabilitiesandlossesforstate-controlledenterprisesintheUKtopped3billionannually.Bysellingoffmanyofthesecompaniesparticularlythoseinthedepressedindustrialsectorthegovernmentdecreaseditsdebtburdenandceasedpumpingpublicfundsintomoneylosingenterprises.AccordingtogovernmentspokespersonAlistairMcBrideFarfrompastpracticeofthrowinggoodmoneyafterbadtheQueen’sgovernmentthisyearexpectstotakein34billionfromtheproceedsofthesale.Thatsaysomeanalystsmayonlybethebeginning.Privatizationhasnotonlybeencreditedwithrescuingwholeindustriesbutthenation’seconomytoboot.DuetoincreasedtaxrevenuesfromthenewlyprivatizedcompaniesalongwithareboundintheoveralleconomyeconomicforecasterspredictthatBritainwillbeabletorepaynearly12.5%ofthenetnationaldebtwithintwoyears.Thatisgoodnewsindeedfortheeconomyasawholeatatimewhenmanysectorsaredesperateforanyrayofsunshine.BritishAirwaysthisweekannounceda20%jumpinoverallticketsalesandprofitsoverthisquarterayearago.BritishGasannounceditsfirstprofitablequarterinnineyears.AtAssociatedBritishPortsanewlaborcontractwasfinalizedthefirstunioncontractsignedattheportwithoutaworkstoppageintwelveyears.ClosertohomeformostBritonsthenation’sphoneserviceBritishTelecomnolongerputsnewsubscribersonawaitinglist.Priortoprivatizationnewcustomerswouldsometimeshavetowaitmonthsbeforephoneservicecouldbeinstalledintheirhome.NowaccordingtoacompanypressreleaseBritishTelecomispromising24-hourturnaroundforallnewcustomers.Partofthisimprovedproductivityhastodowithneweffortstoallowemployeestoholdastakeinthecompany’sfuture.Companiesnowgivetheiremployeesstockoptionsthatallowemployeestoshareinthecompany’ssuccessandprofits.Theresponsehasbeenenthusiastictosaytheleast.AtBritishAerospace;89%ofthoseeligibletobuycompanysharesdidso.AtBritishTelecomnearly92%ofeligibleemployeestookpart.FinallyatAssociatedBritishPortslongsynonymouswithuniondisagreementswalkoutsandlaborstrifealmost90%ofemployeesnowcancallthemselvesownersofthecompany.WhenpeoplehaveapersonalstakeinsomethingsaidHenryDundeeofAssociatedBritishPortstheythinkaboutittheycareabouttheyworktomakeitprosper.AttheNationalFreightConsortiumitselfnostrangertolaborproblemsthenewemployee-ownersactuallyvoteddownanemployeepay-increaseandpressuredunionrepresentativestorelaxdemandsforincreasedwagesandexpandedbenefits.Privatizationwasonlythestartsaysonemarketanalystwhatwemayhavehereisanewindustrialrevolution./Manycompaniesgivetheiremployeesstockoptionsto
Directions:Studythefollowingtablecarefullyandwriteanessay.Youressaymustmeetthefollowingrequirements: 1Describethetable; 2Explainthepossiblecauses; 3Yoursuggestions. Youshouldwriteabout160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.20points
Irememberonenightafewyearsagowhenmydaughterwasfranticwithworry.AftermyHarvardExtensionSchoolclassesIusuallyarrivedatthebusstationnearmyhomeby11p.m.butonthatnightIwasnowheretobefound.Mydaughterwasnervous.Itwasn’tsafeforasinglewomantowalkaloneonthestreetsatnightespeciallyoneasdefenselessasIam:IcanslayamuggerwithmysharpwitbutIamjusttooshorttodoanyrealphysicaldamage. Thatnightmydaughtercheckedthebusstationdrovearoundthestreetsandcontactedsomefriends.Butshecouldn’tfindme--untilshecalledmyastronomyprofessorwhotoldherthatIwasontopoftheScienceCenterusingthetelescopetogazeatthestars.UnawareofthetimeIhadgottenlostintheheavensandwasonlythinkingaboutthenewthingsIhadlearnedthatnightinclass. ThisstoryillustratesahabitIhavedevelopedovertheyears:Ilosetrackofthetimewhenitcomestolearning.41.Imayhavestartedlate;butIwillcontinuetolearnaslongasIamablebecausethereisnogreaterfeelinginmyopinionthantravelingtoafarawaycountryasIhaveandbeingabletoidentifybysightthepaintingofafamousartistthestatueofanobscuresculptorthecathedralofanancientarchitect.42.SoIwillcontinuetotakeclassesandtellmystory. Latelyitseemsthateveryoneisaskingme"Marywhatadvicedoyouhaveforotherstudents"SowhileIhaveyouallhereImgoingtoeasemyburdenofansweringyoueachindividually:43.SolistentomewhenItellyouthis:Knowledgeispower. MystudieswereinterruptedwhenIwasinthe7thgradebacksometimearoundWorldWarI.IlovedschoolbutIwasforcedtoleaveittocareformyfamily.Iwascon-signedtoworkinaRhodeIslandcottonmillwhereIlaboredformanyyears.Ieventuallymarriedandraised5children20grandchildrenand18great-grandchildren.ButallthewhileIfeltinferiortothosearoundme.IknewIwasassmartasacollegegraduate.IknewIwascapableofdoingajobwell—Ihadproveditbyrunningasuccessfulfamilybusinessfordecadesthatstillexists.ButIwantedmore.IwantedtofeelconfidentwhenIspokeandIWantedpeopletorespectmyopinions.Doesitsurpriseyoutodiscoverhowmuchyouhaveincommonwithan89yearoldwoman44. 45.Thatbeliefiswhathasmotivatedmeforthelast75yearstogetthisdegree.ItisalsothemissionoftheHarvardExtensionSchool.WithoutthesupportIreceivedfromthisschoolImightnothavegraduateduntilIwas100--aphrasethatmanyofyouhaveprobablyusedinjest. [A]IfthesayingistruethatwisdomcomeswithageyoumaysafelyassumethatIamoneofthewisestpeopleinthishallandpossiblyatthisuniversitytoday. [B]fknowthatmanyofyougraduatestodaywhetheryouwere’bornin1907or1967havefacedsimilarbarrierstocompletingyourstudiesandhavesometimesfeltinferioraroundthoseyouworkorsocializewithjustbecauseyoudidn’thaveadegree [C]Ifyouhavetreatededucationasyourmaingoalandnotassmeanstoanend.thenyoutoohaveprobablybeenclaimedasamissingpersononceinyouracademiccareerwhetheryouwerelostinthestarsorthestacksofWidenerLibrary [D]ButIamheretodaylikeyouare--toprovethatitcanbedone;thatthepowergainedbyunderstandingandappreciatingtheworldarounduscanbeobtainedbyanyoneregardlessofsocialstatuspersonalchallenges.orage [E]Howelsedoyouexplainawomanwhobeganhighschoolatage71andwhoisgraduatingwithabachelorsdegreeat89 [F]Andyoutooknowthatthejourneywasworthitandthatthepowerofknowledgemakesmethemostformidable89-year-oldwomanatthebusstop. [G]Ihavefoundthattheworldisafinalexamthatyoucanneverbepreparedenoughfor. 44
Duringrecentyearswehaveheardmuchabout"race":howthisracedoescertainthingsandthatracebelievescertainthingsandsoon.Yetthe1phenomenonofraceconsistsofafewsurfaceindications. Wejudgeraceusually2thecoloringoftheskin:awhiteraceabrownraceayellowraceandablackrace.But3youweretoremovetheskinyoucouldnot4anythingabouttheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Thereis5inphysicalstructurethebrainortheinternalorgansto6adifference. Therearefourtypesofblood.7typesarefoundineveryraceandnotypeisdistincttoanyrace.Humanbrainsarethe8.Noscientistscouldexamineabrainandtellyoutheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Brainswin9insizebutthisoccurswithineveryrace.10doessizehaveanythingtodowithintelligence.Thelargestbrain11examinedbelongedtoapersonofweak12.Ontheotherhandsomeofourmostdistinguishedpeoplehavehad13brains. Mentaltestswhicharereasonably14shownodifferencesinintelligencebetweenraces.Highandlowtestresultsbothcanberecordedbydifferentmembersofanyrace.15equaleducationaladvantagestherewillbenodifferenceinaveragestandingseitheronaccountofraceorgeographicallocation.Individualsofeveryrace16civilizationtogobackwardorforward.Trainingandeducationcanchangetheresponseofgroupsofpeople17enablethemtobehaveina18way. Thebehaviorandidealsofpeoplechangeaccordingtocircumstancesbuttheycanalwaysgobackorgoontosomethingnew19isbetterandhigherthananything20thepast. Directions:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.14
Traditionallythewomanhasheldalowpositioninmarriagepartnerships.Whileherhusbandwenthiswayshehadtowashstitchandsew.Todaythemoveistoliberatethewomanwhichmayintheendstrengthenthemarriageunion.Perhapsthegreatestobstacletofriendshipinmarriageistheamountacoupleusuallyseesofeachother.Friendshipinitsusualsenseisnottestedbythestrainofdailyyear-longcohabitation.46Couplesneedtotakeupseparateinterestsandfriendshipaswellasmutuallysharedonesiftheyarenottogetusedtothemoreattractiveelementsofeachother’spersonalities. 47Marriedcouplesarelikelytoexertthemselvesforguests--beingamusingdiscussingwithpassionandpoint--andthentofallintodullexhaustedsilencewhentheguestshavegone.Asinallfriendshipahusbandandwifemusttrytointeresteachotherandtospendsufficienttimesharingabsorbingactivitiestogive-themcontinuingcommoninterests48Butatthesametimetheymustspendenoughtimeonseparateinterestswithseparatepeopletopreserveanddeveloptheirseparatepersonalitiesandkeeptheirrelationshipfresh. 49Fortoomanyhighlyintelligentworkingwomenhomerepresentschoreobligationsbecausethehusbandonlytoleratesherworkanddoesnotparticipateinhouseholdchores.Fortoomanyhighlyintelligentworkingmenhomerepresentsdullnessandcomplaints--fromanover-dependentwifewhowillnotgathercouragetomaketheirownlife. Insuchanatmospherethepartnersgrowfurtherandfurtherapartbothloveandlikingdisappearing.50Fortoomanycoupleswithchildrenthechildrenareallowedtocommandalltimeandattentionallowingthecouplenotimetodeveloplikingandfriendshipaswellasloveallottingexclusiveparentalroles. Fortoomanycoupleswithchildrenthechildrenareallowedtocommandalltimeandattentionallowingthecouplenotimetodeveloplikingandfriendshipaswellasloveallottingexclusiveparentalroles.
Traditionallythewomanhasheldalowpositioninmarriagepartnerships.Whileherhusbandwenthiswayshehadtowashstitchandsew.Todaythemoveistoliberatethewomanwhichmayintheendstrengthenthemarriageunion.Perhapsthegreatestobstacletofriendshipinmarriageistheamountacoupleusuallyseesofeachother.Friendshipinitsusualsenseisnottestedbythestrainofdailyyear-longcohabitation.46Couplesneedtotakeupseparateinterestsandfriendshipaswellasmutuallysharedonesiftheyarenottogetusedtothemoreattractiveelementsofeachother’spersonalities. 47Marriedcouplesarelikelytoexertthemselvesforguests--beingamusingdiscussingwithpassionandpoint--andthentofallintodullexhaustedsilencewhentheguestshavegone.Asinallfriendshipahusbandandwifemusttrytointeresteachotherandtospendsufficienttimesharingabsorbingactivitiestogive-themcontinuingcommoninterests48Butatthesametimetheymustspendenoughtimeonseparateinterestswithseparatepeopletopreserveanddeveloptheirseparatepersonalitiesandkeeptheirrelationshipfresh. 49Fortoomanyhighlyintelligentworkingwomenhomerepresentschoreobligationsbecausethehusbandonlytoleratesherworkanddoesnotparticipateinhouseholdchores.Fortoomanyhighlyintelligentworkingmenhomerepresentsdullnessandcomplaints--fromanover-dependentwifewhowillnotgathercouragetomaketheirownlife. Insuchanatmospherethepartnersgrowfurtherandfurtherapartbothloveandlikingdisappearing.50Fortoomanycoupleswithchildrenthechildrenareallowedtocommandalltimeandattentionallowingthecouplenotimetodeveloplikingandfriendshipaswellasloveallottingexclusiveparentalroles. Butatthesametimetheymustspendenoughtimeonseparateinterestswithseparatepeopletopreserveanddeveloptheirseparatepersonalitiesandkeeptheirrelationshipfresh.
GenghisKhanwasnotonetoagonizeovergenderroles.Hewasintosexandpowerandhedidn’tmindsayingso.Thegreatestjoyamancanknowistoconquerhisenemiesanddrivethembeforehim.Theemperoroncethundered.GenghisKhanconqueredtwothirdsoftheknownworldduringtheearly13thcenturyandhemayhavesetanall-timerecordforwhatbiologistscallreproductivesuccess.Anaccountwritten33yearsafterhisdeathcreditedhimwith20000descendants.Men’smannershaveimprovedmarkedlysinceGenghisKhan’sday.Atheartthoughwe’rethesameanimalswewere800yearsagowhichistosaywearestatusseekers.Wemaytalkofequalityandfraternity.Wemaystriveforclasslesssocieties.Butwegorightonbuildinghierarchiesandjockeyingforstatuswithinthem.CanweabandonthetendencyProbablynot.Asscientistsarenowdiscoveringstatusseekingisnotjustahabitoraculturaltradition.It’sadesignfeatureofthemalepsyche--abiologicaldrivethatisrootedinthenervoussystemandregulatedbyhormonesandbrainchemicals.Howdoweknowthisrelentlessone-upmanshipisabiologicalendowmentAnthropologistsfindthesamepatternvirtuallyeverywherethey10okandsodozoologists.Malecompetitionisfierceamongcricketscrayfishandelephantsandit’subiquitousamonghigherprimatesforexamplemalechimpanzeeshaveanextraordinarilystrongdrivefordominance.CoincidenceEvolutionistsdon’tthinkso.Fromtheirperspectivelifeisessentiallyaracetorepro-dukeandnaturalselectionisboundtofavordifferentstrategiesindifferentorganisms.Inreproductivetermstheyhavevastlymoretogainfromit.Afemalecan’tfloodthegenepoolbycommandeeringextramates;nomatterhowmuchspermsheattractssheisunlikelytoproducemorethanadozenviableoffspring.ButasGenghisKhan’sexploitsmakeclearmalescanprofitenormouslybyoutmatingtheirpeers.It’snothardtoseehowthatdynamicplayedoutovermillionsofyearswouldleavemodernmenfrettingoverstatus.We’rebuiltfromthegenesthatthemostdeterminedcompetitorspasseddown.Fortunatelywedon’taspiretofamiliesof800.Asmonogamyandcontraceptivesmayhaveleveledthereproductiveplayfieldpowerhasbecomeitsownpsychologicalreward.Thosewhoachievehighstatusstillenjoymoresexwithmorepartnersthantherestofusandthereasonisnomystery.Researchershaveconsistentlyfoundthatwomenfavorsignsofearningcapacityovergoodlooks.Forsheersexappealadoughy脸色苍白的baldguyinaRolexwilloutscoreastud非常英俊的男子inaBurgerKinguniformalmosteverytime.GenghisKhanismentionedinthetexttoshow
TheAmericaneconomyisgrowingaccordingtothemostrecentstatisticsatthesizzlingrateof7%andisinthemiddleofthelargestpeacetimeexpansioninAmericanhistory.Wereadinthenewspapersthatpracticallyeveryonewhowantsajobcangetone.MicrosoftisrunningadvertisementsintheNewYorkTimespracticallybeggingCongresstoissuemorevisasforforeigncomputerandinformationtechnologyworkers.InthisenvironmentitisshockingthatonegroupofAmericanspeoplewithdisabilitieshavesuchahighlevelofunemployment:30%arenotemployedthesamepercentageaswhentheAmericanswithDisabilitiesActbecamelaw.Notonlydidtheiremploymentandlaborearningsfallduringtherecessionoftheearly1990sbutemploymentandearningscontinuedtofallduringthelongeconomicexpansionthatfollowed.Manyofthesepeopleareskilledprofessionalswhoarehighlymarketableintoday’seconomy.PartoftheproblemisdiscriminationandpartrecentcourtrulingsfavoringemployersinADAlawsuits.Discriminationagainstpeoplewithdisabilitiesisunfortunatelyaliveandwelldespitethelegalprohibitionsagainstdiscriminationinhiringpeoplewithdisabilities.79%ofdisabledpeoplewhoareunemployedcitediscriminationintheworkplaceandlackoftransportationasmajorfactorsthatpreventthemfromworking.Studieshavealsoshownthatpeoplewithdisabilitieswhofindjobsearnlessthantheirco-workersandarelesslikelytobepromoted.Unfavorablecourtrulingshavenotbeenhelpfuleither.ResearchbylawprofessorRuthColkerofOhioStateUniversityhasshownthatintheeightyearsaftertheADAwentintoeffectemployer-defendantsprevailedinmorethan93%oftheeasesdecidedbytrial.Ofthecasesappealedemployersprevailed84%ofthetime.RobertBurgdorfIr.whohelpeddrafttheADAhaswrittenlegalanalysishasproceededquiteawaydownthewrongroad.DisabilityactivistsandotherlegalscholarspointoutthatCongressintendedtheADAasanationalmandatefortheendingofdiscriminationagainstpeople-withdisabilities.Insteadwhathasoccurredinthewordsofonewriteristhatthecourtshavenarrowedthescopeofthelawredefined’disability’raisedthepriceofaccesstojusticeandgenerallydeemeddisabilitydiscriminationasnotworthyofseriousremedy.Butperhapsthegreatestsingleproblemisthefederalgovernmentitselfwherelawsandregulationsdesignedtohelpdisabledpeopleactuallyprovideaneconomicdisincentivetowork.AsSen.EdwardKennedywrotethehighunemploymentrateamongpeoplereceivingfederaldisabilitybenefitsisnotbecausetheirfederalbenefitsprogramshave’frontdoorsthataretoobig’butbecausetheyhave’backdoorsthataretoosmall’./WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacausetotheproblemsofthedisabled
GenghisKhanwasnotonetoagonizeovergenderroles.Hewasintosexandpowerandhedidn’tmindsayingso.Thegreatestjoyamancanknowistoconquerhisenemiesanddrivethembeforehim.Theemperoroncethundered.GenghisKhanconqueredtwothirdsoftheknownworldduringtheearly13thcenturyandhemayhavesetanall-timerecordforwhatbiologistscallreproductivesuccess.Anaccountwritten33yearsafterhisdeathcreditedhimwith20000descendants.Men’smannershaveimprovedmarkedlysinceGenghisKhan’sday.Atheartthoughwe’rethesameanimalswewere800yearsagowhichistosaywearestatusseekers.Wemaytalkofequalityandfraternity.Wemaystriveforclasslesssocieties.Butwegorightonbuildinghierarchiesandjockeyingforstatuswithinthem.CanweabandonthetendencyProbablynot.Asscientistsarenowdiscoveringstatusseekingisnotjustahabitoraculturaltradition.It’sadesignfeatureofthemalepsyche--abiologicaldrivethatisrootedinthenervoussystemandregulatedbyhormonesandbrainchemicals.Howdoweknowthisrelentlessone-upmanshipisabiologicalendowmentAnthropologistsfindthesamepatternvirtuallyeverywherethey10okandsodozoologists.Malecompetitionisfierceamongcricketscrayfishandelephantsandit’subiquitousamonghigherprimatesforexamplemalechimpanzeeshaveanextraordinarilystrongdrivefordominance.CoincidenceEvolutionistsdon’tthinkso.Fromtheirperspectivelifeisessentiallyaracetorepro-dukeandnaturalselectionisboundtofavordifferentstrategiesindifferentorganisms.Inreproductivetermstheyhavevastlymoretogainfromit.Afemalecan’tfloodthegenepoolbycommandeeringextramates;nomatterhowmuchspermsheattractssheisunlikelytoproducemorethanadozenviableoffspring.ButasGenghisKhan’sexploitsmakeclearmalescanprofitenormouslybyoutmatingtheirpeers.It’snothardtoseehowthatdynamicplayedoutovermillionsofyearswouldleavemodernmenfrettingoverstatus.We’rebuiltfromthegenesthatthemostdeterminedcompetitorspasseddown.Fortunatelywedon’taspiretofamiliesof800.Asmonogamyandcontraceptivesmayhaveleveledthereproductiveplayfieldpowerhasbecomeitsownpsychologicalreward.Thosewhoachievehighstatusstillenjoymoresexwithmorepartnersthantherestofusandthereasonisnomystery.Researchershaveconsistentlyfoundthatwomenfavorsignsofearningcapacityovergoodlooks.Forsheersexappealadoughy脸色苍白的baldguyinaRolexwilloutscoreastud非常英俊的男子inaBurgerKinguniformalmosteverytime.Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthat
Directions:Title:CompetitionandCooperationYourcompositionshouldbe-basedontheOutlinesbelow:1Thephenomenonofcompetitionandcooperation2Thefunctionofcompetitionandcooperation3MancandevelopcontinuouslywithCompetitionandcooperation.Youshouldwriteabout160-200WordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.20points
Duringrecentyearswehaveheardmuchabout"race":howthisracedoescertainthingsandthatracebelievescertainthingsandsoon.Yetthe1phenomenonofraceconsistsofafewsurfaceindications. Wejudgeraceusually2thecoloringoftheskin:awhiteraceabrownraceayellowraceandablackrace.But3youweretoremovetheskinyoucouldnot4anythingabouttheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Thereis5inphysicalstructurethebrainortheinternalorgansto6adifference. Therearefourtypesofblood.7typesarefoundineveryraceandnotypeisdistincttoanyrace.Humanbrainsarethe8.Noscientistscouldexamineabrainandtellyoutheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Brainswin9insizebutthisoccurswithineveryrace.10doessizehaveanythingtodowithintelligence.Thelargestbrain11examinedbelongedtoapersonofweak12.Ontheotherhandsomeofourmostdistinguishedpeoplehavehad13brains. Mentaltestswhicharereasonably14shownodifferencesinintelligencebetweenraces.Highandlowtestresultsbothcanberecordedbydifferentmembersofanyrace.15equaleducationaladvantagestherewillbenodifferenceinaveragestandingseitheronaccountofraceorgeographicallocation.Individualsofeveryrace16civilizationtogobackwardorforward.Trainingandeducationcanchangetheresponseofgroupsofpeople17enablethemtobehaveina18way. Thebehaviorandidealsofpeoplechangeaccordingtocircumstancesbuttheycanalwaysgobackorgoontosomethingnew19isbetterandhigherthananything20thepast. Directions:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.18
Idon’tknowifthere’ssomethinginthewaterbutmytownhasexplodedwithtonsofsinglepeople!JustlastyearpracticallytheonlyeligiblesIknewweremydivorcedfriendPattimybudFulgenciohubbyRick’sbarflypatCraigandJimmythepizzadeliveryguy.ButnowIfind-outthatmycousinMichelleisleavinghersecondhusbandandarecentchit-chatwithmybuilding’smanagerSandyrevealedthatshehasn’thadaseriousrelationshipinalmostfiveyears!BesidesthatatleastfivesuspectedsingletonshavemovedintomybuildingsinceJune.Five!Foranincurableromanticlikemethisisheartbreaking.Peoplearemeanttohavesweeties!Ifeelsosorryforsinglepeople.HowcantheybeargoingthroughlifealoneIknowalotofthemputup.thatindependentfrontorusethatI’mjustwaitingfortherightpersondefensebutthey’rekiddingthemselves.WhywouldanyoneturnuphernoseattheprospectofabeautifulweddingagorgeousbridalgownandastunningrockonherfingerShewouldn’t.WhywouldanyoneshakeastickatawarmdinnereverynightacomfortablehomeandabeautifulbrideItjustisn’trational.AndIdon’tliketobeharshbutfranklyit’sdepressingtoseesinglesoutinpublic.WhenIseeagirlshoppingforgroceriesbyherselforasolitaryguyreadingwhilehewaitsforabusIcan’thelpbutsensethehollownessthatsinglepersonfeelsinside.I’mpartiallypsychicsoI’mawareofotherpeople’sinnerfeelings.WellthisValentine’sDayI’mnotgoingtobeselfish.Peoplelikemepeopleinsuccessfullastingrelationshipsareduty-boundtosharetheirromanticwisdomwiththelessfortunate.Grantedit’sbeenawhilesinceI’vebeenonthedatingScenesomychopsareabitrusty.InfacthubbyRickisjustabouttheonlyguyI’veeverdatedUnlessyoucountmypickfortheSadieHawkinsdanceinseventhgradeJordyDeVoewhoditchedmeafterabout15minutes.OrthisOrientalkidnamedThantwhowrappedlovenotesaroundlunchroomcookiesandslippedthemintomylockerinninthgrade.ButRickandIhavebeenmarriednearly20yearssoImustbedoingsomethingright.DrythosetearsSingletons!Pullyour-selvestogetherandlistentoWifeyJean.IfyoufollowmyadviceI’llbetyoudollarstodonutsthatyou’llfindyourPrinceCharmingorPrincessEnchantinginnotime!Whydoestheauthorwanttoshareherromanticwisdomwiththesingletons
WhatisthepointoftellingyouaboutthissecondbookWellitallhingesonthedatesinvolved.Thelatterstorywaswrittenintheearly1960swhereastheGoosebumpsseriesdatesfromthe1990s.46Thismakesthepointratherdear:Thesandshaveshiftedradicallyin30years.A"debunking"booklikethisisnolongerfashionable.Whotodaywantstoreadaboutanythingasthought-provokingand"uncool"asdebunkingWhereonceamoviewascommonplace47The"magicalrealism"movementwherenaturalandsupernaturaleventshappilyconvergehasbecomeenormouslyinfluentialinseriousliteratureaswell.Movieandtelevisionviewersandreadersofseriousliteraturearegiventhetacitmessagethatmelinebetweenthenaturalandsupernaturalisblurryandperhapsevennonexistent. Notsurprisinglyconcomitantwiththesehigh--andpap--culturetrendscomesaprofoundlydisturbingcollectiveshiftinattitude.48Thegeneralpublicnolongerviewsscienceletalonetheultimatetruthsoftheuniversewithasenseofaweandmysterybutinsteadconsidersitconservativeandmundane"trapped"inlogicalthinking.Itisasiftheshacklesofrigidityhavebeenremovedwhen"open-minded"attitudesareconveyedontelevisioninbooksinmoviesaboutESPUFQoranyofathousandothervarietiesofallegedparanormalphenomena.49Thegreatdangerinmyestimationisnotsomuchthatvastnumbersofchildrenandadultswillgetsuckedwholesaleintotrulygoofybeliefsystemsbutthattheywillbemisledintoacceptingtheimplicitmessagethatscienceisboringconservativedose-mindeddevoidofmysteryandanegativeforceinsociety.Againthismessageisnotovertbuttacitperhapsnotevenconsciouslyintended.Yetitispreciselythissubliminalitythatmakesitsoinsidiousanddangerous. Ihavenoquickfixes.Idonotknowhowtoquicklyandeasilyrepairdecadesofdamage.Idonotevenfullyunderstandwhythesandshaveshiftedsoradically.50AllIcandoislookoninsadnessandworryaboutthefutureofrationalinquirybemoaningthelossofawetowardgenuinemysteriesthatoursocietywasonceluckyenoughtopossess. Thismakesthepointratherdear:Thesandshaveshiftedradicallyin30years.Adebunkingbooklikethisisnolongerfashionable
WhatisthepointoftellingyouaboutthissecondbookWellitallhingesonthedatesinvolved.Thelatterstorywaswrittenintheearly1960swhereastheGoosebumpsseriesdatesfromthe1990s.46Thismakesthepointratherdear:Thesandshaveshiftedradicallyin30years.A"debunking"booklikethisisnolongerfashionable.Whotodaywantstoreadaboutanythingasthought-provokingand"uncool"asdebunkingWhereonceamoviewascommonplace47The"magicalrealism"movementwherenaturalandsupernaturaleventshappilyconvergehasbecomeenormouslyinfluentialinseriousliteratureaswell.Movieandtelevisionviewersandreadersofseriousliteraturearegiventhetacitmessagethatmelinebetweenthenaturalandsupernaturalisblurryandperhapsevennonexistent. Notsurprisinglyconcomitantwiththesehigh--andpap--culturetrendscomesaprofoundlydisturbingcollectiveshiftinattitude.48Thegeneralpublicnolongerviewsscienceletalonetheultimatetruthsoftheuniversewithasenseofaweandmysterybutinsteadconsidersitconservativeandmundane"trapped"inlogicalthinking.Itisasiftheshacklesofrigidityhavebeenremovedwhen"open-minded"attitudesareconveyedontelevisioninbooksinmoviesaboutESPUFQoranyofathousandothervarietiesofallegedparanormalphenomena.49Thegreatdangerinmyestimationisnotsomuchthatvastnumbersofchildrenandadultswillgetsuckedwholesaleintotrulygoofybeliefsystemsbutthattheywillbemisledintoacceptingtheimplicitmessagethatscienceisboringconservativedose-mindeddevoidofmysteryandanegativeforceinsociety.Againthismessageisnotovertbuttacitperhapsnotevenconsciouslyintended.Yetitispreciselythissubliminalitythatmakesitsoinsidiousanddangerous. Ihavenoquickfixes.Idonotknowhowtoquicklyandeasilyrepairdecadesofdamage.Idonotevenfullyunderstandwhythesandshaveshiftedsoradically.50AllIcandoislookoninsadnessandworryaboutthefutureofrationalinquirybemoaningthelossofawetowardgenuinemysteriesthatoursocietywasonceluckyenoughtopossess. Thegeneralpublicnolongerviewsscienceletalonetheultimatetruthsoftheuniversewithasenseofaweandmysterybutinsteadconsidersitconservativeandmundanetrappedinlogicalthinking.
Duringrecentyearswehaveheardmuchabout"race":howthisracedoescertainthingsandthatracebelievescertainthingsandsoon.Yetthe1phenomenonofraceconsistsofafewsurfaceindications. Wejudgeraceusually2thecoloringoftheskin:awhiteraceabrownraceayellowraceandablackrace.But3youweretoremovetheskinyoucouldnot4anythingabouttheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Thereis5inphysicalstructurethebrainortheinternalorgansto6adifference. Therearefourtypesofblood.7typesarefoundineveryraceandnotypeisdistincttoanyrace.Humanbrainsarethe8.Noscientistscouldexamineabrainandtellyoutheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Brainswin9insizebutthisoccurswithineveryrace.10doessizehaveanythingtodowithintelligence.Thelargestbrain11examinedbelongedtoapersonofweak12.Ontheotherhandsomeofourmostdistinguishedpeoplehavehad13brains. Mentaltestswhicharereasonably14shownodifferencesinintelligencebetweenraces.Highandlowtestresultsbothcanberecordedbydifferentmembersofanyrace.15equaleducationaladvantagestherewillbenodifferenceinaveragestandingseitheronaccountofraceorgeographicallocation.Individualsofeveryrace16civilizationtogobackwardorforward.Trainingandeducationcanchangetheresponseofgroupsofpeople17enablethemtobehaveina18way. Thebehaviorandidealsofpeoplechangeaccordingtocircumstancesbuttheycanalwaysgobackorgoontosomethingnew19isbetterandhigherthananything20thepast. Directions:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.2
Duringrecentyearswehaveheardmuchabout"race":howthisracedoescertainthingsandthatracebelievescertainthingsandsoon.Yetthe1phenomenonofraceconsistsofafewsurfaceindications. Wejudgeraceusually2thecoloringoftheskin:awhiteraceabrownraceayellowraceandablackrace.But3youweretoremovetheskinyoucouldnot4anythingabouttheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Thereis5inphysicalstructurethebrainortheinternalorgansto6adifference. Therearefourtypesofblood.7typesarefoundineveryraceandnotypeisdistincttoanyrace.Humanbrainsarethe8.Noscientistscouldexamineabrainandtellyoutheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Brainswin9insizebutthisoccurswithineveryrace.10doessizehaveanythingtodowithintelligence.Thelargestbrain11examinedbelongedtoapersonofweak12.Ontheotherhandsomeofourmostdistinguishedpeoplehavehad13brains. Mentaltestswhicharereasonably14shownodifferencesinintelligencebetweenraces.Highandlowtestresultsbothcanberecordedbydifferentmembersofanyrace.15equaleducationaladvantagestherewillbenodifferenceinaveragestandingseitheronaccountofraceorgeographicallocation.Individualsofeveryrace16civilizationtogobackwardorforward.Trainingandeducationcanchangetheresponseofgroupsofpeople17enablethemtobehaveina18way. Thebehaviorandidealsofpeoplechangeaccordingtocircumstancesbuttheycanalwaysgobackorgoontosomethingnew19isbetterandhigherthananything20thepast. Directions:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.20
TheAmericaneconomyisgrowingaccordingtothemostrecentstatisticsatthesizzlingrateof7%andisinthemiddleofthelargestpeacetimeexpansioninAmericanhistory.Wereadinthenewspapersthatpracticallyeveryonewhowantsajobcangetone.MicrosoftisrunningadvertisementsintheNewYorkTimespracticallybeggingCongresstoissuemorevisasforforeigncomputerandinformationtechnologyworkers.InthisenvironmentitisshockingthatonegroupofAmericanspeoplewithdisabilitieshavesuchahighlevelofunemployment:30%arenotemployedthesamepercentageaswhentheAmericanswithDisabilitiesActbecamelaw.Notonlydidtheiremploymentandlaborearningsfallduringtherecessionoftheearly1990sbutemploymentandearningscontinuedtofallduringthelongeconomicexpansionthatfollowed.Manyofthesepeopleareskilledprofessionalswhoarehighlymarketableintoday’seconomy.PartoftheproblemisdiscriminationandpartrecentcourtrulingsfavoringemployersinADAlawsuits.Discriminationagainstpeoplewithdisabilitiesisunfortunatelyaliveandwelldespitethelegalprohibitionsagainstdiscriminationinhiringpeoplewithdisabilities.79%ofdisabledpeoplewhoareunemployedcitediscriminationintheworkplaceandlackoftransportationasmajorfactorsthatpreventthemfromworking.Studieshavealsoshownthatpeoplewithdisabilitieswhofindjobsearnlessthantheirco-workersandarelesslikelytobepromoted.Unfavorablecourtrulingshavenotbeenhelpfuleither.ResearchbylawprofessorRuthColkerofOhioStateUniversityhasshownthatintheeightyearsaftertheADAwentintoeffectemployer-defendantsprevailedinmorethan93%oftheeasesdecidedbytrial.Ofthecasesappealedemployersprevailed84%ofthetime.RobertBurgdorfIr.whohelpeddrafttheADAhaswrittenlegalanalysishasproceededquiteawaydownthewrongroad.DisabilityactivistsandotherlegalscholarspointoutthatCongressintendedtheADAasanationalmandatefortheendingofdiscriminationagainstpeople-withdisabilities.Insteadwhathasoccurredinthewordsofonewriteristhatthecourtshavenarrowedthescopeofthelawredefined’disability’raisedthepriceofaccesstojusticeandgenerallydeemeddisabilitydiscriminationasnotworthyofseriousremedy.Butperhapsthegreatestsingleproblemisthefederalgovernmentitselfwherelawsandregulationsdesignedtohelpdisabledpeopleactuallyprovideaneconomicdisincentivetowork.AsSen.EdwardKennedywrotethehighunemploymentrateamongpeoplereceivingfederaldisabilitybenefitsisnotbecausetheirfederalbenefitsprogramshave’frontdoorsthataretoobig’butbecausetheyhave’backdoorsthataretoosmall’./Thelastsentencebutbecausetheyhavebackdoorsthataretoosmallprobablymeansthat
Duringrecentyearswehaveheardmuchabout"race":howthisracedoescertainthingsandthatracebelievescertainthingsandsoon.Yetthe1phenomenonofraceconsistsofafewsurfaceindications. Wejudgeraceusually2thecoloringoftheskin:awhiteraceabrownraceayellowraceandablackrace.But3youweretoremovetheskinyoucouldnot4anythingabouttheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Thereis5inphysicalstructurethebrainortheinternalorgansto6adifference. Therearefourtypesofblood.7typesarefoundineveryraceandnotypeisdistincttoanyrace.Humanbrainsarethe8.Noscientistscouldexamineabrainandtellyoutheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Brainswin9insizebutthisoccurswithineveryrace.10doessizehaveanythingtodowithintelligence.Thelargestbrain11examinedbelongedtoapersonofweak12.Ontheotherhandsomeofourmostdistinguishedpeoplehavehad13brains. Mentaltestswhicharereasonably14shownodifferencesinintelligencebetweenraces.Highandlowtestresultsbothcanberecordedbydifferentmembersofanyrace.15equaleducationaladvantagestherewillbenodifferenceinaveragestandingseitheronaccountofraceorgeographicallocation.Individualsofeveryrace16civilizationtogobackwardorforward.Trainingandeducationcanchangetheresponseofgroupsofpeople17enablethemtobehaveina18way. Thebehaviorandidealsofpeoplechangeaccordingtocircumstancesbuttheycanalwaysgobackorgoontosomethingnew19isbetterandhigherthananything20thepast. Directions:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.12
TheAmericaneconomyisgrowingaccordingtothemostrecentstatisticsatthesizzlingrateof7%andisinthemiddleofthelargestpeacetimeexpansioninAmericanhistory.Wereadinthenewspapersthatpracticallyeveryonewhowantsajobcangetone.MicrosoftisrunningadvertisementsintheNewYorkTimespracticallybeggingCongresstoissuemorevisasforforeigncomputerandinformationtechnologyworkers.InthisenvironmentitisshockingthatonegroupofAmericanspeoplewithdisabilitieshavesuchahighlevelofunemployment:30%arenotemployedthesamepercentageaswhentheAmericanswithDisabilitiesActbecamelaw.Notonlydidtheiremploymentandlaborearningsfallduringtherecessionoftheearly1990sbutemploymentandearningscontinuedtofallduringthelongeconomicexpansionthatfollowed.Manyofthesepeopleareskilledprofessionalswhoarehighlymarketableintoday’seconomy.PartoftheproblemisdiscriminationandpartrecentcourtrulingsfavoringemployersinADAlawsuits.Discriminationagainstpeoplewithdisabilitiesisunfortunatelyaliveandwelldespitethelegalprohibitionsagainstdiscriminationinhiringpeoplewithdisabilities.79%ofdisabledpeoplewhoareunemployedcitediscriminationintheworkplaceandlackoftransportationasmajorfactorsthatpreventthemfromworking.Studieshavealsoshownthatpeoplewithdisabilitieswhofindjobsearnlessthantheirco-workersandarelesslikelytobepromoted.Unfavorablecourtrulingshavenotbeenhelpfuleither.ResearchbylawprofessorRuthColkerofOhioStateUniversityhasshownthatintheeightyearsaftertheADAwentintoeffectemployer-defendantsprevailedinmorethan93%oftheeasesdecidedbytrial.Ofthecasesappealedemployersprevailed84%ofthetime.RobertBurgdorfIr.whohelpeddrafttheADAhaswrittenlegalanalysishasproceededquiteawaydownthewrongroad.DisabilityactivistsandotherlegalscholarspointoutthatCongressintendedtheADAasanationalmandatefortheendingofdiscriminationagainstpeople-withdisabilities.Insteadwhathasoccurredinthewordsofonewriteristhatthecourtshavenarrowedthescopeofthelawredefined’disability’raisedthepriceofaccesstojusticeandgenerallydeemeddisabilitydiscriminationasnotworthyofseriousremedy.Butperhapsthegreatestsingleproblemisthefederalgovernmentitselfwherelawsandregulationsdesignedtohelpdisabledpeopleactuallyprovideaneconomicdisincentivetowork.AsSen.EdwardKennedywrotethehighunemploymentrateamongpeoplereceivingfederaldisabilitybenefitsisnotbecausetheirfederalbenefitsprogramshave’frontdoorsthataretoobig’butbecausetheyhave’backdoorsthataretoosmall’./TheadvertisementmadebyMicrosoftshowsthat
Irememberonenightafewyearsagowhenmydaughterwasfranticwithworry.AftermyHarvardExtensionSchoolclassesIusuallyarrivedatthebusstationnearmyhomeby11p.m.butonthatnightIwasnowheretobefound.Mydaughterwasnervous.Itwasn’tsafeforasinglewomantowalkaloneonthestreetsatnightespeciallyoneasdefenselessasIam:IcanslayamuggerwithmysharpwitbutIamjusttooshorttodoanyrealphysicaldamage. Thatnightmydaughtercheckedthebusstationdrovearoundthestreetsandcontactedsomefriends.Butshecouldn’tfindme--untilshecalledmyastronomyprofessorwhotoldherthatIwasontopoftheScienceCenterusingthetelescopetogazeatthestars.UnawareofthetimeIhadgottenlostintheheavensandwasonlythinkingaboutthenewthingsIhadlearnedthatnightinclass. ThisstoryillustratesahabitIhavedevelopedovertheyears:Ilosetrackofthetimewhenitcomestolearning.41.Imayhavestartedlate;butIwillcontinuetolearnaslongasIamablebecausethereisnogreaterfeelinginmyopinionthantravelingtoafarawaycountryasIhaveandbeingabletoidentifybysightthepaintingofafamousartistthestatueofanobscuresculptorthecathedralofanancientarchitect.42.SoIwillcontinuetotakeclassesandtellmystory. Latelyitseemsthateveryoneisaskingme"Marywhatadvicedoyouhaveforotherstudents"SowhileIhaveyouallhereImgoingtoeasemyburdenofansweringyoueachindividually:43.SolistentomewhenItellyouthis:Knowledgeispower. MystudieswereinterruptedwhenIwasinthe7thgradebacksometimearoundWorldWarI.IlovedschoolbutIwasforcedtoleaveittocareformyfamily.Iwascon-signedtoworkinaRhodeIslandcottonmillwhereIlaboredformanyyears.Ieventuallymarriedandraised5children20grandchildrenand18great-grandchildren.ButallthewhileIfeltinferiortothosearoundme.IknewIwasassmartasacollegegraduate.IknewIwascapableofdoingajobwell—Ihadproveditbyrunningasuccessfulfamilybusinessfordecadesthatstillexists.ButIwantedmore.IwantedtofeelconfidentwhenIspokeandIWantedpeopletorespectmyopinions.Doesitsurpriseyoutodiscoverhowmuchyouhaveincommonwithan89yearoldwoman44. 45.Thatbeliefiswhathasmotivatedmeforthelast75yearstogetthisdegree.ItisalsothemissionoftheHarvardExtensionSchool.WithoutthesupportIreceivedfromthisschoolImightnothavegraduateduntilIwas100--aphrasethatmanyofyouhaveprobablyusedinjest. [A]IfthesayingistruethatwisdomcomeswithageyoumaysafelyassumethatIamoneofthewisestpeopleinthishallandpossiblyatthisuniversitytoday. [B]fknowthatmanyofyougraduatestodaywhetheryouwere’bornin1907or1967havefacedsimilarbarrierstocompletingyourstudiesandhavesometimesfeltinferioraroundthoseyouworkorsocializewithjustbecauseyoudidn’thaveadegree [C]Ifyouhavetreatededucationasyourmaingoalandnotassmeanstoanend.thenyoutoohaveprobablybeenclaimedasamissingpersononceinyouracademiccareerwhetheryouwerelostinthestarsorthestacksofWidenerLibrary [D]ButIamheretodaylikeyouare--toprovethatitcanbedone;thatthepowergainedbyunderstandingandappreciatingtheworldarounduscanbeobtainedbyanyoneregardlessofsocialstatuspersonalchallenges.orage [E]Howelsedoyouexplainawomanwhobeganhighschoolatage71andwhoisgraduatingwithabachelorsdegreeat89 [F]Andyoutooknowthatthejourneywasworthitandthatthepowerofknowledgemakesmethemostformidable89-year-oldwomanatthebusstop. [G]Ihavefoundthattheworldisafinalexamthatyoucanneverbepreparedenoughfor. 42
Duringrecentyearswehaveheardmuchabout"race":howthisracedoescertainthingsandthatracebelievescertainthingsandsoon.Yetthe1phenomenonofraceconsistsofafewsurfaceindications. Wejudgeraceusually2thecoloringoftheskin:awhiteraceabrownraceayellowraceandablackrace.But3youweretoremovetheskinyoucouldnot4anythingabouttheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Thereis5inphysicalstructurethebrainortheinternalorgansto6adifference. Therearefourtypesofblood.7typesarefoundineveryraceandnotypeisdistincttoanyrace.Humanbrainsarethe8.Noscientistscouldexamineabrainandtellyoutheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Brainswin9insizebutthisoccurswithineveryrace.10doessizehaveanythingtodowithintelligence.Thelargestbrain11examinedbelongedtoapersonofweak12.Ontheotherhandsomeofourmostdistinguishedpeoplehavehad13brains. Mentaltestswhicharereasonably14shownodifferencesinintelligencebetweenraces.Highandlowtestresultsbothcanberecordedbydifferentmembersofanyrace.15equaleducationaladvantagestherewillbenodifferenceinaveragestandingseitheronaccountofraceorgeographicallocation.Individualsofeveryrace16civilizationtogobackwardorforward.Trainingandeducationcanchangetheresponseofgroupsofpeople17enablethemtobehaveina18way. Thebehaviorandidealsofpeoplechangeaccordingtocircumstancesbuttheycanalwaysgobackorgoontosomethingnew19isbetterandhigherthananything20thepast. Directions:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.8
Duringrecentyearswehaveheardmuchabout"race":howthisracedoescertainthingsandthatracebelievescertainthingsandsoon.Yetthe1phenomenonofraceconsistsofafewsurfaceindications. Wejudgeraceusually2thecoloringoftheskin:awhiteraceabrownraceayellowraceandablackrace.But3youweretoremovetheskinyoucouldnot4anythingabouttheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Thereis5inphysicalstructurethebrainortheinternalorgansto6adifference. Therearefourtypesofblood.7typesarefoundineveryraceandnotypeisdistincttoanyrace.Humanbrainsarethe8.Noscientistscouldexamineabrainandtellyoutheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Brainswin9insizebutthisoccurswithineveryrace.10doessizehaveanythingtodowithintelligence.Thelargestbrain11examinedbelongedtoapersonofweak12.Ontheotherhandsomeofourmostdistinguishedpeoplehavehad13brains. Mentaltestswhicharereasonably14shownodifferencesinintelligencebetweenraces.Highandlowtestresultsbothcanberecordedbydifferentmembersofanyrace.15equaleducationaladvantagestherewillbenodifferenceinaveragestandingseitheronaccountofraceorgeographicallocation.Individualsofeveryrace16civilizationtogobackwardorforward.Trainingandeducationcanchangetheresponseofgroupsofpeople17enablethemtobehaveina18way. Thebehaviorandidealsofpeoplechangeaccordingtocircumstancesbuttheycanalwaysgobackorgoontosomethingnew19isbetterandhigherthananything20thepast. Directions:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.6
WhatisthepointoftellingyouaboutthissecondbookWellitallhingesonthedatesinvolved.Thelatterstorywaswrittenintheearly1960swhereastheGoosebumpsseriesdatesfromthe1990s.46Thismakesthepointratherdear:Thesandshaveshiftedradicallyin30years.A"debunking"booklikethisisnolongerfashionable.Whotodaywantstoreadaboutanythingasthought-provokingand"uncool"asdebunkingWhereonceamoviewascommonplace47The"magicalrealism"movementwherenaturalandsupernaturaleventshappilyconvergehasbecomeenormouslyinfluentialinseriousliteratureaswell.Movieandtelevisionviewersandreadersofseriousliteraturearegiventhetacitmessagethatmelinebetweenthenaturalandsupernaturalisblurryandperhapsevennonexistent. Notsurprisinglyconcomitantwiththesehigh--andpap--culturetrendscomesaprofoundlydisturbingcollectiveshiftinattitude.48Thegeneralpublicnolongerviewsscienceletalonetheultimatetruthsoftheuniversewithasenseofaweandmysterybutinsteadconsidersitconservativeandmundane"trapped"inlogicalthinking.Itisasiftheshacklesofrigidityhavebeenremovedwhen"open-minded"attitudesareconveyedontelevisioninbooksinmoviesaboutESPUFQoranyofathousandothervarietiesofallegedparanormalphenomena.49Thegreatdangerinmyestimationisnotsomuchthatvastnumbersofchildrenandadultswillgetsuckedwholesaleintotrulygoofybeliefsystemsbutthattheywillbemisledintoacceptingtheimplicitmessagethatscienceisboringconservativedose-mindeddevoidofmysteryandanegativeforceinsociety.Againthismessageisnotovertbuttacitperhapsnotevenconsciouslyintended.Yetitispreciselythissubliminalitythatmakesitsoinsidiousanddangerous. Ihavenoquickfixes.Idonotknowhowtoquicklyandeasilyrepairdecadesofdamage.Idonotevenfullyunderstandwhythesandshaveshiftedsoradically.50AllIcandoislookoninsadnessandworryaboutthefutureofrationalinquirybemoaningthelossofawetowardgenuinemysteriesthatoursocietywasonceluckyenoughtopossess. Thegreatdangerinmyestimationisnotsomuchthatvastnumbersofchildrenandadultswillgetsuckedwholesaleintotrulygoofybeliefsystemsbutthattheywillbemisledintoacceptingtheimplicitmessagethatscienceisboringconservativedose-mindeddevoidofmysteryandanegativeforceinsociety.
Barbieisgoingthroughamidlifecrisis.After1withlongtimeboyfriendKenearlierthisyearshehas2refugeinshoppingsurfingbubblebathsandpartyingwithacrewoftrendypalsonthebeachinJamaica.At45sheevenmadea3fortheWhiteHouse. Thentherewasthemakeover:anew.4ofPaulFrankfashionsherownfragranceanewmusicalandanewman-spiky-hairedAustraliansurferBlaine. Butshe5isgoingthroughacrisisonethatstartedatthecashregister.6theBarbiebrandasawhole7＄3.6billioninglobalretailsalesthisyearaccordingtomanufacturerMattelInc.Barbiehas8salesslideoverthepastsevenquarters.Inthepastfewyearsrivals9theedgierBratzhaveupstagedtheiconicdoll. Tore-energizeitsflagshipbrandtheworld’slargesttoymakersetoutto10Barbieandherpalsina11ofbooksmagazinesandanimatedfilmshopingthestorylineswould12salesofthedollandhertroveofaccessories. Forgirlsages6to9Mattelcraftedstorieswithpreteenscenarios--dancepartiesdatingandshopping.Barbie’slooknow13reflectscurrentfashiontrends.Mattelsigned"tween"divaHilaryDuffto14thebrand. She’s"tile’It’girlfortheBarbieset"saidChrisByrneanindependenttoyconsultantandeditoroftheToyReport. Mattelis15thestory-lineconcepttonewandexistingdolllinesacrossBarbie’s16thoughonlyabouttwo-thirdsofthenewtoyswillbeinstoresthisyearwiththe17arrivingin2005. "Weneedtomakeprogressinregainingtheconfidenceofretailersandthat18time"RobertA.EckertMattel’schairmanandchiefexecutivetoldWallStreetanalystslastmonth. Perhapsabigger19forMattelispersuadingparentsandchildrenthatBarbieiscool.Thatcachethaseludedthebrandinrecentyearsparticularlyamongoldergirlsmanyofwhomeitherhavelostinterestindollsor20Bratz. 2
Noblueprintexistsfortransforminganeconomyfromonewithagreatdealofgovernmentcontroltoonebasedalmostsolelyonfreemarketprinciples.YettheexperienceoftheUnitedKingdomsince1979clearlyshowsoneapproachthatworks:privatizationinwhichunder-performingstate-ownedaresoldtoprivatecompanies.By1979thetotalamountofdebtliabilitiesandlossesforstate-controlledenterprisesintheUKtopped3billionannually.Bysellingoffmanyofthesecompaniesparticularlythoseinthedepressedindustrialsectorthegovernmentdecreaseditsdebtburdenandceasedpumpingpublicfundsintomoneylosingenterprises.AccordingtogovernmentspokespersonAlistairMcBrideFarfrompastpracticeofthrowinggoodmoneyafterbadtheQueen’sgovernmentthisyearexpectstotakein34billionfromtheproceedsofthesale.Thatsaysomeanalystsmayonlybethebeginning.Privatizationhasnotonlybeencreditedwithrescuingwholeindustriesbutthenation’seconomytoboot.DuetoincreasedtaxrevenuesfromthenewlyprivatizedcompaniesalongwithareboundintheoveralleconomyeconomicforecasterspredictthatBritainwillbeabletorepaynearly12.5%ofthenetnationaldebtwithintwoyears.Thatisgoodnewsindeedfortheeconomyasawholeatatimewhenmanysectorsaredesperateforanyrayofsunshine.BritishAirwaysthisweekannounceda20%jumpinoverallticketsalesandprofitsoverthisquarterayearago.BritishGasannounceditsfirstprofitablequarterinnineyears.AtAssociatedBritishPortsanewlaborcontractwasfinalizedthefirstunioncontractsignedattheportwithoutaworkstoppageintwelveyears.ClosertohomeformostBritonsthenation’sphoneserviceBritishTelecomnolongerputsnewsubscribersonawaitinglist.Priortoprivatizationnewcustomerswouldsometimeshavetowaitmonthsbeforephoneservicecouldbeinstalledintheirhome.NowaccordingtoacompanypressreleaseBritishTelecomispromising24-hourturnaroundforallnewcustomers.Partofthisimprovedproductivityhastodowithneweffortstoallowemployeestoholdastakeinthecompany’sfuture.Companiesnowgivetheiremployeesstockoptionsthatallowemployeestoshareinthecompany’ssuccessandprofits.Theresponsehasbeenenthusiastictosaytheleast.AtBritishAerospace;89%ofthoseeligibletobuycompanysharesdidso.AtBritishTelecomnearly92%ofeligibleemployeestookpart.FinallyatAssociatedBritishPortslongsynonymouswithuniondisagreementswalkoutsandlaborstrifealmost90%ofemployeesnowcancallthemselvesownersofthecompany.WhenpeoplehaveapersonalstakeinsomethingsaidHenryDundeeofAssociatedBritishPortstheythinkaboutittheycareabouttheyworktomakeitprosper.AttheNationalFreightConsortiumitselfnostrangertolaborproblemsthenewemployee-ownersactuallyvoteddownanemployeepay-increaseandpressuredunionrepresentativestorelaxdemandsforincreasedwagesandexpandedbenefits.Privatizationwasonlythestartsaysonemarketanalystwhatwemayhavehereisanewindustrialrevolution./Bysellingoffstate-ownedenterprisesthegovernmentwillbeabletodothefollowingEXCEPT
GenghisKhanwasnotonetoagonizeovergenderroles.Hewasintosexandpowerandhedidn’tmindsayingso.Thegreatestjoyamancanknowistoconquerhisenemiesanddrivethembeforehim.Theemperoroncethundered.GenghisKhanconqueredtwothirdsoftheknownworldduringtheearly13thcenturyandhemayhavesetanall-timerecordforwhatbiologistscallreproductivesuccess.Anaccountwritten33yearsafterhisdeathcreditedhimwith20000descendants.Men’smannershaveimprovedmarkedlysinceGenghisKhan’sday.Atheartthoughwe’rethesameanimalswewere800yearsagowhichistosaywearestatusseekers.Wemaytalkofequalityandfraternity.Wemaystriveforclasslesssocieties.Butwegorightonbuildinghierarchiesandjockeyingforstatuswithinthem.CanweabandonthetendencyProbablynot.Asscientistsarenowdiscoveringstatusseekingisnotjustahabitoraculturaltradition.It’sadesignfeatureofthemalepsyche--abiologicaldrivethatisrootedinthenervoussystemandregulatedbyhormonesandbrainchemicals.Howdoweknowthisrelentlessone-upmanshipisabiologicalendowmentAnthropologistsfindthesamepatternvirtuallyeverywherethey10okandsodozoologists.Malecompetitionisfierceamongcricketscrayfishandelephantsandit’subiquitousamonghigherprimatesforexamplemalechimpanzeeshaveanextraordinarilystrongdrivefordominance.CoincidenceEvolutionistsdon’tthinkso.Fromtheirperspectivelifeisessentiallyaracetorepro-dukeandnaturalselectionisboundtofavordifferentstrategiesindifferentorganisms.Inreproductivetermstheyhavevastlymoretogainfromit.Afemalecan’tfloodthegenepoolbycommandeeringextramates;nomatterhowmuchspermsheattractssheisunlikelytoproducemorethanadozenviableoffspring.ButasGenghisKhan’sexploitsmakeclearmalescanprofitenormouslybyoutmatingtheirpeers.It’snothardtoseehowthatdynamicplayedoutovermillionsofyearswouldleavemodernmenfrettingoverstatus.We’rebuiltfromthegenesthatthemostdeterminedcompetitorspasseddown.Fortunatelywedon’taspiretofamiliesof800.Asmonogamyandcontraceptivesmayhaveleveledthereproductiveplayfieldpowerhasbecomeitsownpsychologicalreward.Thosewhoachievehighstatusstillenjoymoresexwithmorepartnersthantherestofusandthereasonisnomystery.Researchershaveconsistentlyfoundthatwomenfavorsignsofearningcapacityovergoodlooks.Forsheersexappealadoughy脸色苍白的baldguyinaRolexwilloutscoreastud非常英俊的男子inaBurgerKinguniformalmosteverytime.WhyadoughybaldguyinablueblazerandaRolexwilloutscoreahandsomeyoungmaninaBurgerKinguniform
Duringrecentyearswehaveheardmuchabout"race":howthisracedoescertainthingsandthatracebelievescertainthingsandsoon.Yetthe1phenomenonofraceconsistsofafewsurfaceindications. Wejudgeraceusually2thecoloringoftheskin:awhiteraceabrownraceayellowraceandablackrace.But3youweretoremovetheskinyoucouldnot4anythingabouttheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Thereis5inphysicalstructurethebrainortheinternalorgansto6adifference. Therearefourtypesofblood.7typesarefoundineveryraceandnotypeisdistincttoanyrace.Humanbrainsarethe8.Noscientistscouldexamineabrainandtellyoutheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Brainswin9insizebutthisoccurswithineveryrace.10doessizehaveanythingtodowithintelligence.Thelargestbrain11examinedbelongedtoapersonofweak12.Ontheotherhandsomeofourmostdistinguishedpeoplehavehad13brains. Mentaltestswhicharereasonably14shownodifferencesinintelligencebetweenraces.Highandlowtestresultsbothcanberecordedbydifferentmembersofanyrace.15equaleducationaladvantagestherewillbenodifferenceinaveragestandingseitheronaccountofraceorgeographicallocation.Individualsofeveryrace16civilizationtogobackwardorforward.Trainingandeducationcanchangetheresponseofgroupsofpeople17enablethemtobehaveina18way. Thebehaviorandidealsofpeoplechangeaccordingtocircumstancesbuttheycanalwaysgobackorgoontosomethingnew19isbetterandhigherthananything20thepast. Directions:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.16
Idon’tknowifthere’ssomethinginthewaterbutmytownhasexplodedwithtonsofsinglepeople!JustlastyearpracticallytheonlyeligiblesIknewweremydivorcedfriendPattimybudFulgenciohubbyRick’sbarflypatCraigandJimmythepizzadeliveryguy.ButnowIfind-outthatmycousinMichelleisleavinghersecondhusbandandarecentchit-chatwithmybuilding’smanagerSandyrevealedthatshehasn’thadaseriousrelationshipinalmostfiveyears!BesidesthatatleastfivesuspectedsingletonshavemovedintomybuildingsinceJune.Five!Foranincurableromanticlikemethisisheartbreaking.Peoplearemeanttohavesweeties!Ifeelsosorryforsinglepeople.HowcantheybeargoingthroughlifealoneIknowalotofthemputup.thatindependentfrontorusethatI’mjustwaitingfortherightpersondefensebutthey’rekiddingthemselves.WhywouldanyoneturnuphernoseattheprospectofabeautifulweddingagorgeousbridalgownandastunningrockonherfingerShewouldn’t.WhywouldanyoneshakeastickatawarmdinnereverynightacomfortablehomeandabeautifulbrideItjustisn’trational.AndIdon’tliketobeharshbutfranklyit’sdepressingtoseesinglesoutinpublic.WhenIseeagirlshoppingforgroceriesbyherselforasolitaryguyreadingwhilehewaitsforabusIcan’thelpbutsensethehollownessthatsinglepersonfeelsinside.I’mpartiallypsychicsoI’mawareofotherpeople’sinnerfeelings.WellthisValentine’sDayI’mnotgoingtobeselfish.Peoplelikemepeopleinsuccessfullastingrelationshipsareduty-boundtosharetheirromanticwisdomwiththelessfortunate.Grantedit’sbeenawhilesinceI’vebeenonthedatingScenesomychopsareabitrusty.InfacthubbyRickisjustabouttheonlyguyI’veeverdatedUnlessyoucountmypickfortheSadieHawkinsdanceinseventhgradeJordyDeVoewhoditchedmeafterabout15minutes.OrthisOrientalkidnamedThantwhowrappedlovenotesaroundlunchroomcookiesandslippedthemintomylockerinninthgrade.ButRickandIhavebeenmarriednearly20yearssoImustbedoingsomethingright.DrythosetearsSingletons!Pullyour-selvestogetherandlistentoWifeyJean.IfyoufollowmyadviceI’llbetyoudollarstodonutsthatyou’llfindyourPrinceCharmingorPrincessEnchantinginnotime!TheexamplesofhercousinMichelleandthebuilding’smanagerareusedtoshow
Duringrecentyearswehaveheardmuchabout"race":howthisracedoescertainthingsandthatracebelievescertainthingsandsoon.Yetthe1phenomenonofraceconsistsofafewsurfaceindications. Wejudgeraceusually2thecoloringoftheskin:awhiteraceabrownraceayellowraceandablackrace.But3youweretoremovetheskinyoucouldnot4anythingabouttheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Thereis5inphysicalstructurethebrainortheinternalorgansto6adifference. Therearefourtypesofblood.7typesarefoundineveryraceandnotypeisdistincttoanyrace.Humanbrainsarethe8.Noscientistscouldexamineabrainandtellyoutheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Brainswin9insizebutthisoccurswithineveryrace.10doessizehaveanythingtodowithintelligence.Thelargestbrain11examinedbelongedtoapersonofweak12.Ontheotherhandsomeofourmostdistinguishedpeoplehavehad13brains. Mentaltestswhicharereasonably14shownodifferencesinintelligencebetweenraces.Highandlowtestresultsbothcanberecordedbydifferentmembersofanyrace.15equaleducationaladvantagestherewillbenodifferenceinaveragestandingseitheronaccountofraceorgeographicallocation.Individualsofeveryrace16civilizationtogobackwardorforward.Trainingandeducationcanchangetheresponseofgroupsofpeople17enablethemtobehaveina18way. Thebehaviorandidealsofpeoplechangeaccordingtocircumstancesbuttheycanalwaysgobackorgoontosomethingnew19isbetterandhigherthananything20thepast. Directions:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10
Duringrecentyearswehaveheardmuchabout"race":howthisracedoescertainthingsandthatracebelievescertainthingsandsoon.Yetthe1phenomenonofraceconsistsofafewsurfaceindications. Wejudgeraceusually2thecoloringoftheskin:awhiteraceabrownraceayellowraceandablackrace.But3youweretoremovetheskinyoucouldnot4anythingabouttheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Thereis5inphysicalstructurethebrainortheinternalorgansto6adifference. Therearefourtypesofblood.7typesarefoundineveryraceandnotypeisdistincttoanyrace.Humanbrainsarethe8.Noscientistscouldexamineabrainandtellyoutheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Brainswin9insizebutthisoccurswithineveryrace.10doessizehaveanythingtodowithintelligence.Thelargestbrain11examinedbelongedtoapersonofweak12.Ontheotherhandsomeofourmostdistinguishedpeoplehavehad13brains. Mentaltestswhicharereasonably14shownodifferencesinintelligencebetweenraces.Highandlowtestresultsbothcanberecordedbydifferentmembersofanyrace.15equaleducationaladvantagestherewillbenodifferenceinaveragestandingseitheronaccountofraceorgeographicallocation.Individualsofeveryrace16civilizationtogobackwardorforward.Trainingandeducationcanchangetheresponseofgroupsofpeople17enablethemtobehaveina18way. Thebehaviorandidealsofpeoplechangeaccordingtocircumstancesbuttheycanalwaysgobackorgoontosomethingnew19isbetterandhigherthananything20thepast. Directions:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.4
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