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请论述教学过程中如何提高知识直观的效果。
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中小学校长招聘考试《问答》真题及答案
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云销雨霁彩彻区明王勃滕王阁序
A Thewatertapwasleaking漏水againandthenoisewasdrivingCassiecrazy. Cassielookedatherwatch.Itwasnearlynineo’clock.Sheclimbedoutofbedandstoodonachairbytheshelf.Hermother’sMr.FixItwasonthetopshelf.Cassiesteppeddownquietly.Shereadthebookquicklyuntilshefoundthepageshewaslookingforandthenbegantoreadcarefully. NextCassieopenedaboxinthekitchenandpickedoutthetoolssheneeded—ahammerawrenchandseveralsmallthings.Itwasnoeasyjobforhertodotherepairandshetriedseveraltimes.Finallythewatertapwasinpieces.Onebyoneshecarefullylaidthemoutonthetable.Thatwayshewouldknowhowtheywentback.Whilethiswasgoingonhercatwalkedovertowatchwhatshewasdoing. Cassieworkedlateintothenight.Atonepointshethoughtshewasdone.Oops!Asmallpiecethatshehadforgottenstilllayonthetable.SlowlyCassietookthewatertapapart分开onemoretime.Thistimeshemadesureeverythingwasinplace.Sheturnedthewatertaponandthenoff.OnetwothreeShewaitedafullminute.Therewasnoleak!Cassiesmiledandputthetoolsbackintothebox.Thenshewentbackintobed. ThenextmorningDadwasinthekitchenwhenCassiegotup. NoticeanythingDadsheasked. Helookedaroundandlistened.Hmmsomething’smissingIcan’tfindoutwhatitisWaitit’stooquietinhere! That’srightCassiesaid.Somethingismissing.Ifixedthewatertap.Itdoesn’tleakanymore. That’smygirlDadsaid.It’sagoodthingyouarereallylikeyourmother. Cassietookthewatertapapartagainbecause.
乐府原来是古代掌管音乐的官署掌管宴会游行时所用的音乐也负责民间诗歌和乐曲的采集作为诗体名的乐府最早即指由乐府采集到的民间诗歌和歌曲后来也用以指称魏晋到唐代可以配乐的诗歌和后人效仿的乐府古题的作品
——Whatsthewoman ——
情绪异常是一种非常复杂的现象长期以来各个领域的学者从自己的学科出发对此现象纷纷做出各自的解释但是始终未获解决现在生物学家也开始涉足这个问题并从生物学的角度加以探讨他们的见解让人耳目一新 我们经常说人的情绪多变其实我们往往不是自己情绪的真正主人在人体内存在着许多调控我们情绪的化学物质我们的喜怒哀乐受到它们的控制比如说有时候我们会莫名其妙地感到心烦究其原因是一种叫做“梅拉多宁”的激素在作怪如果这种激素分泌过多会导致心情烦躁沮丧等据研究梅拉多宁也是导致一种叫“冬季抑郁症”疾病的元凶得这种病的人在冬季尤其是阴霾缺少阳光的日子里容易情绪低落郁郁寡欢甚至做出极端行为为什么生活中有些人那么快乐令人羡慕这又涉及一种叫“多巴胺”的化学物质多巴胺是神经元中传导神经兴奋的一种化学物质当多巴胺传导顺畅的时候大脑内部就会产生一系列化学变化使我们产生快感 现代生物学家发现大量的细菌寄生在我们呼吸道和消化道中它们中的半数是中性茵对我们既无害也无益比如肠杆菌酵母菌及肠球菌约有10%是有害菌如葡萄球菌幽门杆菌等还有约30%是有益茵如乳酸茵双歧杆菌等对有害菌我们也不必担心因为它们的活动严格受到有益菌和中性菌的管制 别小看这些寄生在肠道内的小小细菌它们对改变我们的情绪和行为有着不可忽视的作用一方面这些细菌影响人体的营养代谢如果消化不良会引起情绪异常另一方面假如人体的代谢紊乱这些细菌会制造出硫化氢氨等气体来毒害我们的神经从而导致我们情绪异常甚至做出极端行为科学家做过这样一个实验当给猪投喂高密度的发酵乳杆菌时猪不仅长得快而且争食咬斗现象明显减少这是因为猪的肠道内有益茵受到强化之后对猪的神经有毒害作用的气体硫化氢和氨等的生成大幅度下降于是改善了猪的行为 近年来人们情绪异常和行为失控的发生频率逐年升高从肠道内细菌的生存环境来看导致这一现象主要有两个原因一是农药食品添加剂和抗生素等的滥用这些药物或化学物质进入人体会大量杀死肠道细菌导致人的代谢紊乱和消化不良从而引发情绪异常和精神疾病二是这几年生活水平提高后部分人吃得太饱由于摄入的过量高蛋白在人体内缺少有益茵或中性菌为其分解代谢它们会在杂菌的分解下产生大量的硫化氢氨等对神经有毒害作用的物质这些物质会破坏人体中起抑制冲动作用的五羟色胺的合成导致人的情绪异常产生过激行为 摘编自2010年4月29日科技文摘报 下列理解和分析不符合原文意思的一项是
Thesedayscarsaredesignedusingcomputers.Let’slookathowanewcariscreated. Firstseveral16talkaboutthenewcarandanygoodideasthattheyhave.Thentheysitdownattheircomputersand17manysketches.Thebesttwoorthreedrawingsarechosenandthenmoredetaileddrawingsof18aredevelopedonthecomputer.Youcanchangethesizeshapeorcolourofanypartonthecomputertosee19thecarwouldlookandthenyoucanchoosethebestdesign. Boththeinsideandtheoutsideofthecarhavetobedesigned.Partoftheinsideofthecaris20sothatthedesignerscansitinit.Theycanfeelifthereisenough21insideandiftheycanreach22.Thensomecarsarebuilt—therearemorethan15000partsofacarto23. Wheneverythingisknowntobe24thecarsaremadeinthefactory.Againcomputersareusedtomakesurethatallthepartsare25astheyareneeded.Thefactoryusuallystaysopenallthroughthenightsothatthecarproductionneverstops.
A Thewatertapwasleaking漏水againandthenoisewasdrivingCassiecrazy. Cassielookedatherwatch.Itwasnearlynineo’clock.Sheclimbedoutofbedandstoodonachairbytheshelf.Hermother’sMr.FixItwasonthetopshelf.Cassiesteppeddownquietly.Shereadthebookquicklyuntilshefoundthepageshewaslookingforandthenbegantoreadcarefully. NextCassieopenedaboxinthekitchenandpickedoutthetoolssheneeded—ahammerawrenchandseveralsmallthings.Itwasnoeasyjobforhertodotherepairandshetriedseveraltimes.Finallythewatertapwasinpieces.Onebyoneshecarefullylaidthemoutonthetable.Thatwayshewouldknowhowtheywentback.Whilethiswasgoingonhercatwalkedovertowatchwhatshewasdoing. Cassieworkedlateintothenight.Atonepointshethoughtshewasdone.Oops!Asmallpiecethatshehadforgottenstilllayonthetable.SlowlyCassietookthewatertapapart分开onemoretime.Thistimeshemadesureeverythingwasinplace.Sheturnedthewatertaponandthenoff.OnetwothreeShewaitedafullminute.Therewasnoleak!Cassiesmiledandputthetoolsbackintothebox.Thenshewentbackintobed. ThenextmorningDadwasinthekitchenwhenCassiegotup. NoticeanythingDadsheasked. Helookedaroundandlistened.Hmmsomething’smissingIcan’tfindoutwhatitisWaitit’stooquietinhere! That’srightCassiesaid.Somethingismissing.Ifixedthewatertap.Itdoesn’tleakanymore. That’smygirlDadsaid.It’sagoodthingyouarereallylikeyourmother. Wecanlearnfromthelastsentenceofthepassagethat.
—Peterwheredidyouguysgoforthesummervacation —Weworkingformonthssowewenttothebeachtorelaxourselves.
王珪字叔玠性沉澹为人雅正恬于所遇交不苟合时大宗召为谏议大夫高祖入关李纲荐署世子府谘议参军事建成为皇太子授中舍人迁中允礼遇良厚太子与秦王有隙帝责珪不能辅导流巂州太子已诛太宗召为谏议大夫帝尝曰:"正主御邪臣不可以致治;正臣事邪主亦不可以致治唯帝尝曰:"君臣同德则海内安朕虽不明幸诸公数相谏正庶致天下于平"珪进曰:"古者天子有争臣七人谏不用则相继以死今陛下开圣德收采刍言臣愿竭狂瞽佐万分一"硅推诚进善每存规益帝益任之 它日进见有美人侍帝侧帝指之日:"庐江不道贼其夫而纳其室何有不亡平?"珪避席曰:"陛下以庐江为是邪?非邪?"帝曰:"杀人而取妻乃问朕是非何也?"对曰:"臣闻齐桓公之郭问父老曰:'郭何故亡?'曰:'以其善善而恶恶也公曰:'若子之言乃贤君也何至于亡?'父老曰:'不然郭君善善不能用恶恶不能去所以亡'今陛下知庐江之亡其姬尚在窃谓陛下以为是审知其非所谓知恶而不去也"帝嗟美其言 帝使太常少卿祖孝孙以乐律授宫中音家伎不进数被让珪与温彦博同进曰:"孝孙修谨士陛下使教女乐又责谯之天下其以士为轻乎!"帝怒曰:"卿皆我腹心乃附下罔上为人游说邪?"彦博惧谢罪珪不谢曰:"臣本事前宫罪当死陛下释其性命引置枢密责以忠效今疑臣以私是陛下负臣臣不负陛下"帝默然惭遂罢明日语房玄龄曰:"昔武王不用夷齐宣王杀杜伯自古帝王纳谏固难矣朕夙夜庶几于前圣昨责珪等痛自悔公等勿惩是不进谏也!" 时珪与玄龄等同辅政帝谓日:"卿为朕言玄龄等材且自谓孰与诸子贤?"对曰:"孜孜奉国知无不为臣不如玄龄;兼贤文武出将入相臣不如口靖;敷奏详明出纳惟允臣不如彦博;济繁治剧众务必举巨不如胄;以谏诤为心耻君不及尧舜臣不如征至激浊扬清疾恶好善臣于数子有一日之长"帝称善 选自新唐书 对下列句子中加下划线的词语的解释不正确的一项是
C MaLilisparentsaregoingtogiveabirthdaypartyforher.Shesgoingtobefourteenyearsold.MaLilihasalotoffriends.Theyaregoingtocometotheparty.TheyaregirlsfromMaLilisschool.Therearetwentyfiveofthem. MaLilismotherismakingbirthdaycakesfortheparty.Theyareverynicecakes.MaLilisaystohermother:Mumyoureverynice.Thankyouforyournicecakes.Herfatherisgoingshopping.Hebuysalotofapplesbananasorangesandpears. Itsfouroclockintheafternoon.Noweverythingisready.Thepartybeginsinthirtyminutes. HowmanypeoplearecomingtoMaLilisparty
Thisweektheweathertochangeeveryday:Onedayishotthenextiscold.
ThevisitorsherearegreatlyimpressedbythefactthatpeoplefromallwalksoflifeareworkinghardfornewJiangsu.
Yourroomisverydirty.Youshouldkeepit.
王珪字叔玠性沉澹为人雅正恬于所遇交不苟合时大宗召为谏议大夫高祖入关李纲荐署世子府谘议参军事建成为皇太子授中舍人迁中允礼遇良厚太子与秦王有隙帝责珪不能辅导流巂州太子已诛太宗召为谏议大夫帝尝曰:"正主御邪臣不可以致治;正臣事邪主亦不可以致治唯帝尝曰:"君臣同德则海内安朕虽不明幸诸公数相谏正庶致天下于平"珪进曰:"古者天子有争臣七人谏不用则相继以死今陛下开圣德收采刍言臣愿竭狂瞽佐万分一"硅推诚进善每存规益帝益任之 它日进见有美人侍帝侧帝指之日:"庐江不道贼其夫而纳其室何有不亡平?"珪避席曰:"陛下以庐江为是邪?非邪?"帝曰:"杀人而取妻乃问朕是非何也?"对曰:"臣闻齐桓公之郭问父老曰:'郭何故亡?'曰:'以其善善而恶恶也公曰:'若子之言乃贤君也何至于亡?'父老曰:'不然郭君善善不能用恶恶不能去所以亡'今陛下知庐江之亡其姬尚在窃谓陛下以为是审知其非所谓知恶而不去也"帝嗟美其言 帝使太常少卿祖孝孙以乐律授宫中音家伎不进数被让珪与温彦博同进曰:"孝孙修谨士陛下使教女乐又责谯之天下其以士为轻乎!"帝怒曰:"卿皆我腹心乃附下罔上为人游说邪?"彦博惧谢罪珪不谢曰:"臣本事前宫罪当死陛下释其性命引置枢密责以忠效今疑臣以私是陛下负臣臣不负陛下"帝默然惭遂罢明日语房玄龄曰:"昔武王不用夷齐宣王杀杜伯自古帝王纳谏固难矣朕夙夜庶几于前圣昨责珪等痛自悔公等勿惩是不进谏也!" 时珪与玄龄等同辅政帝谓日:"卿为朕言玄龄等材且自谓孰与诸子贤?"对曰:"孜孜奉国知无不为臣不如玄龄;兼贤文武出将入相臣不如口靖;敷奏详明出纳惟允臣不如彦博;济繁治剧众务必举巨不如胄;以谏诤为心耻君不及尧舜臣不如征至激浊扬清疾恶好善臣于数子有一日之长"帝称善 选自新唐书 下列句子分别编为四组全都表现王珪“为人雅正”的一组是 ①臣愿竭狂瞽佐万分一 ②珪推诚纳善每存规益 ③今陛下知庐江之亡其姬尚在窃谓陛下以为是 ④彦博惧谢罪珪不谢 ⑤陛下矜其性命引置枢密责以忠效 ⑥时珪与玄龄等同辅政
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生活中有许多故事你也许是故事的亲历者也许是故事的聆听者也许是故事的评说者故事让你感动故事给你启迪你在故事中思考在故事中成长请以我与故事为题作文要求1立意自定2除诗歌外文体不限3不少于800字4不要套作不得抄袭
户庭无尘杂复得返自然陶渊明归园田居
B LikemanypeopleIhavenoclearideaaboutheroes.Atsomepointweallwonderifweneedaheroandwhataheroreallyis. Althoughtherearealotofdifferencesinculturesheroesaroundtheworldgenerallyshareanumberofcharacteristics特点whichgiveuscourageandmakeuswanttolearnfromthem. Aherodoessomethingworthtalkingabout.Aherohasaspecialstorytotellandpeoplethinkhighlyofit.Butaheroisnotjustthepersonwithgreatfame声誉. Aherohaspowers力量largerthanhimself.Somepeoplewanttolivelikeaheroandtheyhavetoexperiencelifewithnewandfurthermeaning.Asuretestforwouldbeheroesiswhatorwhomtheyserve.WhatdotheywanttoliveanddieforIftheanswersuggeststheyserveonlytheirownfametheymaybefamouspersonsbutnotheroes. Aherohasavisionformthemountaintop.Hehasthepowertomovepeople.Hecreatesnewpossibilities.WithoutGandhiIndiamightstillbepartofBritain.WithoutMartinLutherKingJr.Americansmighttakedifferentbuseseatindifferentrestaurantsgoforwalksindifferentparksandshopindifferentstoresbecauseofthedifferentcoloursoftheirskin. Theremightbechangesinsocietywithoutaherobutthespeedofchangewouldberatherslow.Thankstoheroesinhistorytheymakethesocietydevelopsorapidly. Accordingtothispassageaheroisapersonwhoalways.
雕栏玉砌应犹在问君能有几多愁李煜虞美人
启发式教学是一种具体的教学方法
——Wherearethe ——Theyareplayingfootballontheplayground.
Thesedayscarsaredesignedusingcomputers.Let’slookathowanewcariscreated. Firstseveral16talkaboutthenewcarandanygoodideasthattheyhave.Thentheysitdownattheircomputersand17manysketches.Thebesttwoorthreedrawingsarechosenandthenmoredetaileddrawingsof18aredevelopedonthecomputer.Youcanchangethesizeshapeorcolourofanypartonthecomputertosee19thecarwouldlookandthenyoucanchoosethebestdesign. Boththeinsideandtheoutsideofthecarhavetobedesigned.Partoftheinsideofthecaris20sothatthedesignerscansitinit.Theycanfeelifthereisenough21insideandiftheycanreach22.Thensomecarsarebuilt—therearemorethan15000partsofacarto23. Wheneverythingisknowntobe24thecarsaremadeinthefactory.Againcomputersareusedtomakesurethatallthepartsare25astheyareneeded.Thefactoryusuallystaysopenallthroughthenightsothatthecarproductionneverstops.
讲授法就是注入式教学
——Haveyouyourfatherrecently ——No.Hedoesn'toftenwritetome.
Thesedayscarsaredesignedusingcomputers.Let’slookathowanewcariscreated. Firstseveral16talkaboutthenewcarandanygoodideasthattheyhave.Thentheysitdownattheircomputersand17manysketches.Thebesttwoorthreedrawingsarechosenandthenmoredetaileddrawingsof18aredevelopedonthecomputer.Youcanchangethesizeshapeorcolourofanypartonthecomputertosee19thecarwouldlookandthenyoucanchoosethebestdesign. Boththeinsideandtheoutsideofthecarhavetobedesigned.Partoftheinsideofthecaris20sothatthedesignerscansitinit.Theycanfeelifthereisenough21insideandiftheycanreach22.Thensomecarsarebuilt—therearemorethan15000partsofacarto23. Wheneverythingisknowntobe24thecarsaremadeinthefactory.Againcomputersareusedtomakesurethatallthepartsare25astheyareneeded.Thefactoryusuallystaysopenallthroughthenightsothatthecarproductionneverstops.
Thesedayscarsaredesignedusingcomputers.Let’slookathowanewcariscreated. Firstseveral16talkaboutthenewcarandanygoodideasthattheyhave.Thentheysitdownattheircomputersand17manysketches.Thebesttwoorthreedrawingsarechosenandthenmoredetaileddrawingsof18aredevelopedonthecomputer.Youcanchangethesizeshapeorcolourofanypartonthecomputertosee19thecarwouldlookandthenyoucanchoosethebestdesign. Boththeinsideandtheoutsideofthecarhavetobedesigned.Partoftheinsideofthecaris20sothatthedesignerscansitinit.Theycanfeelifthereisenough21insideandiftheycanreach22.Thensomecarsarebuilt—therearemorethan15000partsofacarto23. Wheneverythingisknowntobe24thecarsaremadeinthefactory.Againcomputersareusedtomakesurethatallthepartsare25astheyareneeded.Thefactoryusuallystaysopenallthroughthenightsothatthecarproductionneverstops.
Thesedayscarsaredesignedusingcomputers.Let’slookathowanewcariscreated. Firstseveral16talkaboutthenewcarandanygoodideasthattheyhave.Thentheysitdownattheircomputersand17manysketches.Thebesttwoorthreedrawingsarechosenandthenmoredetaileddrawingsof18aredevelopedonthecomputer.Youcanchangethesizeshapeorcolourofanypartonthecomputertosee19thecarwouldlookandthenyoucanchoosethebestdesign. Boththeinsideandtheoutsideofthecarhavetobedesigned.Partoftheinsideofthecaris20sothatthedesignerscansitinit.Theycanfeelifthereisenough21insideandiftheycanreach22.Thensomecarsarebuilt—therearemorethan15000partsofacarto23. Wheneverythingisknowntobe24thecarsaremadeinthefactory.Againcomputersareusedtomakesurethatallthepartsare25astheyareneeded.Thefactoryusuallystaysopenallthroughthenightsothatthecarproductionneverstops.
B LikemanypeopleIhavenoclearideaaboutheroes.Atsomepointweallwonderifweneedaheroandwhataheroreallyis. Althoughtherearealotofdifferencesinculturesheroesaroundtheworldgenerallyshareanumberofcharacteristics特点whichgiveuscourageandmakeuswanttolearnfromthem. Aherodoessomethingworthtalkingabout.Aherohasaspecialstorytotellandpeoplethinkhighlyofit.Butaheroisnotjustthepersonwithgreatfame声誉. Aherohaspowers力量largerthanhimself.Somepeoplewanttolivelikeaheroandtheyhavetoexperiencelifewithnewandfurthermeaning.Asuretestforwouldbeheroesiswhatorwhomtheyserve.WhatdotheywanttoliveanddieforIftheanswersuggeststheyserveonlytheirownfametheymaybefamouspersonsbutnotheroes. Aherohasavisionformthemountaintop.Hehasthepowertomovepeople.Hecreatesnewpossibilities.WithoutGandhiIndiamightstillbepartofBritain.WithoutMartinLutherKingJr.Americansmighttakedifferentbuseseatindifferentrestaurantsgoforwalksindifferentparksandshopindifferentstoresbecauseofthedifferentcoloursoftheirskin. Theremightbechangesinsocietywithoutaherobutthespeedofchangewouldberatherslow.Thankstoheroesinhistorytheymakethesocietydevelopsorapidly. Theunderlinedwordvisioninthepassagemeans.
B LikemanypeopleIhavenoclearideaaboutheroes.Atsomepointweallwonderifweneedaheroandwhataheroreallyis. Althoughtherearealotofdifferencesinculturesheroesaroundtheworldgenerallyshareanumberofcharacteristics特点whichgiveuscourageandmakeuswanttolearnfromthem. Aherodoessomethingworthtalkingabout.Aherohasaspecialstorytotellandpeoplethinkhighlyofit.Butaheroisnotjustthepersonwithgreatfame声誉. Aherohaspowers力量largerthanhimself.Somepeoplewanttolivelikeaheroandtheyhavetoexperiencelifewithnewandfurthermeaning.Asuretestforwouldbeheroesiswhatorwhomtheyserve.WhatdotheywanttoliveanddieforIftheanswersuggeststheyserveonlytheirownfametheymaybefamouspersonsbutnotheroes. Aherohasavisionformthemountaintop.Hehasthepowertomovepeople.Hecreatesnewpossibilities.WithoutGandhiIndiamightstillbepartofBritain.WithoutMartinLutherKingJr.Americansmighttakedifferentbuseseatindifferentrestaurantsgoforwalksindifferentparksandshopindifferentstoresbecauseofthedifferentcoloursoftheirskin. Theremightbechangesinsocietywithoutaherobutthespeedofchangewouldberatherslow.Thankstoheroesinhistorytheymakethesocietydevelopsorapidly. Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage
—Ihaven’tgotthereferencebookyetbutI’llhaveatestonthesubjectnextmonth. —Don’tworry.YouhaveitbyFriday.
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