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设fuv二阶连续可偏导且[*]
设fx为二阶连续可导且
设u=fx2+y2xzz=zxy由ex+ey=ez确定其中f二阶连续可偏导求[*]．
设fx二阶连续可导且f0=0f’0=1求uxy使du=y[fx+3e2x]dx+f’xdy．
设x=fexsinyx2+y2且fuv二阶连续可偏导求
设fx为二阶连续可导且
设fx在[0a]上一阶连续可导f0=0在0a内二阶可导且fx＞0．证明[*]
设z=f[xgyx-y]其中f具有二阶连续偏导数g具有二阶连续导数求
设函数z=fxyygx其中函数f具有二阶连续偏导数函数gx可导且在x=1处取得极值g1=1求
设z=f2x-y+gxxy其中ft二阶可导guv具有二阶连续偏导数求．
设偶函数fx在x=0的邻域内二阶连续可导且f0=1f0=4．证明绝对收敛．
设fx二阶连续可导且f0=1f2=3f’2=5则=
设fx在[01]上二阶连续可导且f’0=f’1．证明存在ξ∈01使得
设fx在[01]上二阶连续可导且f’0=f’1．证明存在ξ∈01使得[*]
设函数fu二阶连续可导z=fexcosy满足若f0=0f′0=0求fu的表达式
设z=f[xgyx-y]其中f具有二阶连续偏导数g具有二阶连续导数求
设fx在[0a]上一阶连续可导f0=0在0a内二阶可导且fx＞0．证明
设u=fx2+y2xzz=zxy由ex+ey=ez确定其中f二阶连续可偏导求．
设求证Ⅰfx在-∞+∞二阶连续可导Ⅱfx在-∞+∞单调下降Ⅲfx在-∞+∞是凹的．
设z=fx2+y2xyx其中．厂uvω二阶连续可偏导求
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[A]WhatroutedoesHIVtakeafteritentersthebodytodestroytheimmunesystem [B]Howandwhendidthelong-standingbeliefconcerningAIDSandHIVcropup [C]Whatisthemosteffectiveanti-HIVtherapy [D]HowdoesHIVsubverttheimmunesystem [E]IntheabsenceofavaccinehowcanHIVbestopped[ F]WhydoesAIDSpredisposeinfectedpersonstocertaintypesofcancerandinfections Inthe20yearssincethefirstcasesofAIDSweredetectedscientistssaytheyhavelearnedmoreaboutthisviraldiseasethananyother. YetPeterPiotwhodirectstheUnitedNationsAIDSprogramandStefanoVellaofRomepresidentoftheInternationalAIDSSocietyandotherexpertssayreviewingunansweredquestionscouldproveusefulasameasureofprogressforAIDSandotherdiseases. Amongtheimportantbroaderscientificquestionsthatremain: 41.__________. Along-standingbeliefisthatcancercellsconstantlydevelopandareheldincheckbyahealthyimmunesystem.ButAIDShaschallengedthatbelief.PeoplewithAIDSaremuchmorepronetocertaincancerslikenon-HodgkinslymphomasandKaposi’ssarcomsbutnottobreastcolonandlungthemostcommoncancersintheUnitedStates.ThispatternsuggeststhatanimpairedimmunesystematleastthetypethatoccursinAIDSdoesnotallowcommoncancerstodevelop. 42.__________. WhenHIVistransmittedsexuallythevirusmustcrossatissuebarriertoenterthebody.Howthathappensisstillunclear.Thevirusmightinvadedirectlyorbecarriedbyaseriesofdifferentkindsofcells. EventuallyHIVtravelsthroughlymphvesselstolymphnodesandtherestofthelymphsystem.Butwhatisnotknownishowthevirusproceedstodestroythebody’sCD-4cellsthatareneededtocombatinvadinginfectiousagents. 43.__________. AlthoughHIVkillstheimmunecellssenttokillthevirusthereiswidespreadvariationintherateatwhichHIVinfectedpeoplebecomeillwithAIDS.Soscientistsask.CantheelementsoftheimmunesystemresponsibleforthatvariabilitybeidentifiedIfsocantheybeusedtostopprogressiontoAIDSininfectedindividualsandpossiblypreventinfectioninthefirstplace 44.__________. Intheoryearlytreatmentshouldofferthebestchanceofpreservingimmunefunction.ButthenewdrugsdonotcompletelyeliminateHIVfromthebodysothemedicineswhichcanhavedangeroussideeffectswillhavetobetakenforalifetimeandperhapschangedtocombatresistance.Thenewpolicyisexpectedtorecommendthattreatmentbedeferreduntiltherearesignstheimmunesystemisweakening. Isavaccinepossible Thereislittlequestionthataneffectivevaccineiscrucialtocontrollingtheepidemic.Yetonlyonehasreachedthestageoffulltestingandthereiswidecontroversyoverthedegreeofprotectionitwillprovide.HIVstrainsthataretransmittedinvariousareasoftheworlddiffergenetically.ItisnotknownwhetheravaccinederivedfromonetypeofHIVwillconferprotectionagainstothertypes. 45.__________. Withoutmoreincisivefocusedbehavioralresearchpreventionmessagesalonewillnotputanendtotheglobalepidemic. 45
Soonafterhisappointmentassecretary-generaloftheUnitedNationsin1997KofiAnnanlamentedthathewasbeingaccusedoffailingtoreformtheworldbodyinsixweeks.ButwhatareyoucomplainingaboutaskedtheRussianambassador.You’vehadmoretimethanGod.AhMr.AnnanquippedbackbutGodhadonebigadvantage.HeworkedalonewithoutaGeneralAssemblyaSecurityCounciland[all]thecommittees.RecountingthatanecdotetojournalistsinNewYorkthisweekMr.AnnansoughttoexplainwhyadraftdeclarationonUNreformandtacklingworldpovertyduetobeendorsedbysome150headsofstateandgovernmentataworldsummitinthecityonSeptember14th-16thhadturnedintosuchapaleshadowoftheproposalsthathehimselfhadputforwardinMarch.With191memberstateshesighedit’snoteasytogetanagreement.MostcountriesputtheblameontheUnitedStatesintheformofitsabrasivenewambassadorJohnBoltonforinsistingattheendofAugustonhundredsoflast-minuteamendmentsandaline-by-linerenegotiationofatextmostothershadthoughtwasalmostsettled.Butagroupofmiddle-incomedevelopingnationsincludingPakistanCubaIranEgyptSyriaandVenezuelaalsocameupwithplentyoflast-minutechangesoftheirown.Theriskofhavingnodocumentatallandthusnothingfortheworld’sleaderstocometoNewYorkforwasavertedonlybymarathonall-nightandall-weekendtalks.The35-pagefinaldocumentisnotwhollydevoidofsubstance.ItcallsforthecreationofaPeacebuildingCommissiontosupervisethereconstructionofcountriesafterwars;thereplacementofthediscreditedUNCommissiononHumanRightsbyasupposedlytougherHumanRightsCouncil;therecognitionofanewresponsibilitytoprotectpeoplesfromgenocideandotheratrocitieswhennationalauthoritiesfailtotakeactionincludingifnecessarybyforce;andanearlyreformoftheSecurityCouncil.Althoughmuchpareddownalltheseproposalshaveatleastsurvived.Othershavenot.Eithertheyprovedsocontentiousthattheywereomittedaltogethersuchasthesectionsondisarmamentandnon-proliferationandtheInternationalCriminalCourtortheywerewatereddowntolittlemorethanemptyplatitudes.Theimportantsectiononcollectivesecurityandtheuseofforcenolongerevenmentionsthevexedissueofpre-emptivestrikes;meanwhilethesectiononterrorismcondemnsitinallitsformsandmanifestationscommittedbywhomeverwhereverandforwhateverpurposesbutfailstoprovidethecleardefinitiontheAmericanswanted.BothMr.AnnanandmoresurprisinglyGeorgeBushhaveneverthelesssoughttoputagoodfaceonthingswithMr.AnnandescribingthesummitdocumentasanimportantstepforwardandMr.BushsayingtheUNhadtakenthefirststepstowardsreform.Mr.AnnanandMr.Boltonaredeterminedtogoalotfurther.ItisnowuptotheGeneralAssemblytofleshoutthedocument’sskeletonproposalsandproposenewones.Butitschancesofsuccessappearslim.AccordingtothelastparagraphtheGeneralAssembly______.
中华苏维埃共和国中央执行委员会公布的法律规定在法院未设立之前临时司法机构是
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Soonafterhisappointmentassecretary-generaloftheUnitedNationsin1997KofiAnnanlamentedthathewasbeingaccusedoffailingtoreformtheworldbodyinsixweeks.ButwhatareyoucomplainingaboutaskedtheRussianambassador.You’vehadmoretimethanGod.AhMr.AnnanquippedbackbutGodhadonebigadvantage.HeworkedalonewithoutaGeneralAssemblyaSecurityCounciland[all]thecommittees.RecountingthatanecdotetojournalistsinNewYorkthisweekMr.AnnansoughttoexplainwhyadraftdeclarationonUNreformandtacklingworldpovertyduetobeendorsedbysome150headsofstateandgovernmentataworldsummitinthecityonSeptember14th-16thhadturnedintosuchapaleshadowoftheproposalsthathehimselfhadputforwardinMarch.With191memberstateshesighedit’snoteasytogetanagreement.MostcountriesputtheblameontheUnitedStatesintheformofitsabrasivenewambassadorJohnBoltonforinsistingattheendofAugustonhundredsoflast-minuteamendmentsandaline-by-linerenegotiationofatextmostothershadthoughtwasalmostsettled.Butagroupofmiddle-incomedevelopingnationsincludingPakistanCubaIranEgyptSyriaandVenezuelaalsocameupwithplentyoflast-minutechangesoftheirown.Theriskofhavingnodocumentatallandthusnothingfortheworld’sleaderstocometoNewYorkforwasavertedonlybymarathonall-nightandall-weekendtalks.The35-pagefinaldocumentisnotwhollydevoidofsubstance.ItcallsforthecreationofaPeacebuildingCommissiontosupervisethereconstructionofcountriesafterwars;thereplacementofthediscreditedUNCommissiononHumanRightsbyasupposedlytougherHumanRightsCouncil;therecognitionofanewresponsibilitytoprotectpeoplesfromgenocideandotheratrocitieswhennationalauthoritiesfailtotakeactionincludingifnecessarybyforce;andanearlyreformoftheSecurityCouncil.Althoughmuchpareddownalltheseproposalshaveatleastsurvived.Othershavenot.Eithertheyprovedsocontentiousthattheywereomittedaltogethersuchasthesectionsondisarmamentandnon-proliferationandtheInternationalCriminalCourtortheywerewatereddowntolittlemorethanemptyplatitudes.Theimportantsectiononcollectivesecurityandtheuseofforcenolongerevenmentionsthevexedissueofpre-emptivestrikes;meanwhilethesectiononterrorismcondemnsitinallitsformsandmanifestationscommittedbywhomeverwhereverandforwhateverpurposesbutfailstoprovidethecleardefinitiontheAmericanswanted.BothMr.AnnanandmoresurprisinglyGeorgeBushhaveneverthelesssoughttoputagoodfaceonthingswithMr.AnnandescribingthesummitdocumentasanimportantstepforwardandMr.BushsayingtheUNhadtakenthefirststepstowardsreform.Mr.AnnanandMr.Boltonaredeterminedtogoalotfurther.ItisnowuptotheGeneralAssemblytofleshoutthedocument’sskeletonproposalsandproposenewones.Butitschancesofsuccessappearslim.Whohaverecentlylistenedtothestoryinthefirstparagraphofthetext
Intheearly1800sgroupsofEnglishworkerswreckedmachinesthattheyfeltthreatenedtheirjobs.46Theywerecalled"Luddites"afteroneoftheirleadersatermthatisnowusedforanyonewhoputsupresistancetonewtechnologies.47Theoddthingaboutnanotechnology’sLudditesisthattheyhavestartedresistingbeforethetechnologyhasreallyestablisheditself. Aspeoplestarttobuyproductsinvolvingnanotechnologyfromodour-resistantshirtstowindowglassthatrepelsdirttheywillrealisethatmanyofthesenewthingsareusefulandharmless.Andasawarenessofnanotechnologygrowstheywillbegintounderstandthatitcoversarangeofdifferentwaysofdoingthingssomeofwhichcarrysomeriskandothersdonot.Asaresultthetechnology’sdetractorswillprobablybecomemorenuancedintheircomplaints. Nanotechnologyhasthepotentialtocauseanindustrialupheavaljustaselectricitydidinitstime.48Likeelectricitythoughithassomanyandsuchdiverseapplicationsthatitisunlikelytoarriveinonehugewaveasnanotechnology’scriticsfear.Insteadtherewillbeaseriesofsmallerwaves.49Manyoftheinnovationsthetechnologymaybringarealongwayoffleavingplentyoftimetoprepare. Nanotechnologylikeanynewdiscoveryoffersbothrisksandrewards.Therewillundoubtedlybesomeneedtocontrolitsexploitationtominimizetherisksbuttherearealsostrongargumentsforallowingtheunfetteredpursuitofknowledgewithoutitinnovationcannotflourish. Twentyyearsagonobodycouldhaveforeseenthattheinventionofanewmicroscopewouldlauncharemarkablenewtechnologyperhapsarevolution.50Scientistsshouldbeallowedtoworkwithaslittlehindranceaspossibletogainabetterunderstandingoftheobjectoftheirstudy-howeverlargeorsmall. Manyoftheinnovationsthetechnologymaybringarealongwayoffleavingplentyoftimetoprepare.
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[A]WhatroutedoesHIVtakeafteritentersthebodytodestroytheimmunesystem [B]Howandwhendidthelong-standingbeliefconcerningAIDSandHIVcropup [C]Whatisthemosteffectiveanti-HIVtherapy [D]HowdoesHIVsubverttheimmunesystem [E]IntheabsenceofavaccinehowcanHIVbestopped[ F]WhydoesAIDSpredisposeinfectedpersonstocertaintypesofcancerandinfections Inthe20yearssincethefirstcasesofAIDSweredetectedscientistssaytheyhavelearnedmoreaboutthisviraldiseasethananyother. YetPeterPiotwhodirectstheUnitedNationsAIDSprogramandStefanoVellaofRomepresidentoftheInternationalAIDSSocietyandotherexpertssayreviewingunansweredquestionscouldproveusefulasameasureofprogressforAIDSandotherdiseases. Amongtheimportantbroaderscientificquestionsthatremain: 41.__________. Along-standingbeliefisthatcancercellsconstantlydevelopandareheldincheckbyahealthyimmunesystem.ButAIDShaschallengedthatbelief.PeoplewithAIDSaremuchmorepronetocertaincancerslikenon-HodgkinslymphomasandKaposi’ssarcomsbutnottobreastcolonandlungthemostcommoncancersintheUnitedStates.ThispatternsuggeststhatanimpairedimmunesystematleastthetypethatoccursinAIDSdoesnotallowcommoncancerstodevelop. 42.__________. WhenHIVistransmittedsexuallythevirusmustcrossatissuebarriertoenterthebody.Howthathappensisstillunclear.Thevirusmightinvadedirectlyorbecarriedbyaseriesofdifferentkindsofcells. EventuallyHIVtravelsthroughlymphvesselstolymphnodesandtherestofthelymphsystem.Butwhatisnotknownishowthevirusproceedstodestroythebody’sCD-4cellsthatareneededtocombatinvadinginfectiousagents. 43.__________. AlthoughHIVkillstheimmunecellssenttokillthevirusthereiswidespreadvariationintherateatwhichHIVinfectedpeoplebecomeillwithAIDS.Soscientistsask.CantheelementsoftheimmunesystemresponsibleforthatvariabilitybeidentifiedIfsocantheybeusedtostopprogressiontoAIDSininfectedindividualsandpossiblypreventinfectioninthefirstplace 44.__________. Intheoryearlytreatmentshouldofferthebestchanceofpreservingimmunefunction.ButthenewdrugsdonotcompletelyeliminateHIVfromthebodysothemedicineswhichcanhavedangeroussideeffectswillhavetobetakenforalifetimeandperhapschangedtocombatresistance.Thenewpolicyisexpectedtorecommendthattreatmentbedeferreduntiltherearesignstheimmunesystemisweakening. Isavaccinepossible Thereislittlequestionthataneffectivevaccineiscrucialtocontrollingtheepidemic.Yetonlyonehasreachedthestageoffulltestingandthereiswidecontroversyoverthedegreeofprotectionitwillprovide.HIVstrainsthataretransmittedinvariousareasoftheworlddiffergenetically.ItisnotknownwhetheravaccinederivedfromonetypeofHIVwillconferprotectionagainstothertypes. 45.__________. Withoutmoreincisivefocusedbehavioralresearchpreventionmessagesalonewillnotputanendtotheglobalepidemic. 41
为加强法律的感化作用沈家本等提出设置
Intheearly1800sgroupsofEnglishworkerswreckedmachinesthattheyfeltthreatenedtheirjobs.46Theywerecalled"Luddites"afteroneoftheirleadersatermthatisnowusedforanyonewhoputsupresistancetonewtechnologies.47Theoddthingaboutnanotechnology’sLudditesisthattheyhavestartedresistingbeforethetechnologyhasreallyestablisheditself. Aspeoplestarttobuyproductsinvolvingnanotechnologyfromodour-resistantshirtstowindowglassthatrepelsdirttheywillrealisethatmanyofthesenewthingsareusefulandharmless.Andasawarenessofnanotechnologygrowstheywillbegintounderstandthatitcoversarangeofdifferentwaysofdoingthingssomeofwhichcarrysomeriskandothersdonot.Asaresultthetechnology’sdetractorswillprobablybecomemorenuancedintheircomplaints. Nanotechnologyhasthepotentialtocauseanindustrialupheavaljustaselectricitydidinitstime.48Likeelectricitythoughithassomanyandsuchdiverseapplicationsthatitisunlikelytoarriveinonehugewaveasnanotechnology’scriticsfear.Insteadtherewillbeaseriesofsmallerwaves.49Manyoftheinnovationsthetechnologymaybringarealongwayoffleavingplentyoftimetoprepare. Nanotechnologylikeanynewdiscoveryoffersbothrisksandrewards.Therewillundoubtedlybesomeneedtocontrolitsexploitationtominimizetherisksbuttherearealsostrongargumentsforallowingtheunfetteredpursuitofknowledgewithoutitinnovationcannotflourish. Twentyyearsagonobodycouldhaveforeseenthattheinventionofanewmicroscopewouldlauncharemarkablenewtechnologyperhapsarevolution.50Scientistsshouldbeallowedtoworkwithaslittlehindranceaspossibletogainabetterunderstandingoftheobjectoftheirstudy-howeverlargeorsmall. Theoddthingaboutnanotechnology’sLudditesisthattheyhavestartedresistingbeforethetechnologyhasreallyestablisheditself.
I’matotalgeekallaroundsaysAngelaByrona27-year-oldcomputerprogrammerwhohasjustgraduatedfromNovaScotiaCommunityCollege.Andyetlikemanyotherstudentssheneverhadtheconfidencetoapproachanyofthevariousopen-sourcesoftwarecommunitiesontheinternet--distributedteamsofvolunteerswhocollaboratetobuildsoftwarethatisthenmadefreelyavailable.ButthankstoGoogletheworld’smostpopularsearchengineandoneofthebiggestproponentsofopen-sourcesoftwareMsByronspentthesummercontributingcodetoDrupalanopen-sourceprojectthatautomatesthemanagementofwebsites.It’sawesomeshesays.MsByronisoneof419studentsoutof8744whoappliedwhowereacceptedforGoogle’ssummerofcode.Whileitsoundslikeahyper-nerdysummercampthestudentsneitherwenttoGoogle’scampusinMountainViewCalifornianortowherevertheirmentorsatthe41participatingopen-sourceprojectshappenedtobelocated.InsteadGoogleactedasamatchmakerandsponsor.Eachoftheparticipatingopen-sourceprojectsreceived$500foreverystudentittookon;andeachstudentreceived$4500$500rightawayand$4000oncompletionoftheirwork.OhandaT-shirt.AllofthisistheideaofChrisDiBonaGoogle’sopen-sourcebosswhowasbrainstormingwithLarryPageandSergeyBrinGoogle’sfounderslastyear.Theyrealisedthatalotofprogrammingtalentgoestowasteeverysummerbecausestudentstakesummerjobsflippingburgerstomakemoneyandlettheircodingskillsdegrade.WewanttomakeitbetterforstudentsinthesummersaysMr.DiBonaaddingthatitalsohelpstheopen-sourcecommunityandthusindirectlyGooglewhichuseslotsofopen-sourcesoftwarebehindthescenes.PlussaysMr.DiBonaitdoesbecomeanopportunityforrecruiting.ElliotCohenastudentatBerkeleyspenthissummerwritingaBayesiannetworktoolboxforPythonanopen-sourceprogramminglanguage.I’maprettybigfanofGooglehesays.HehasaninterviewscheduledwithMicrosoftbutGoogleistheonlybigcompanythatIwouldworkathesays.Andifthatdoesn’tworkouthenowknowspeopleintheopen-sourcecommunityandit’salotlessintimidating./TheideaofChrisDiBonaaccordingtothetextisenrichedby______.
[A]WhatroutedoesHIVtakeafteritentersthebodytodestroytheimmunesystem [B]Howandwhendidthelong-standingbeliefconcerningAIDSandHIVcropup [C]Whatisthemosteffectiveanti-HIVtherapy [D]HowdoesHIVsubverttheimmunesystem [E]IntheabsenceofavaccinehowcanHIVbestopped[ F]WhydoesAIDSpredisposeinfectedpersonstocertaintypesofcancerandinfections Inthe20yearssincethefirstcasesofAIDSweredetectedscientistssaytheyhavelearnedmoreaboutthisviraldiseasethananyother. YetPeterPiotwhodirectstheUnitedNationsAIDSprogramandStefanoVellaofRomepresidentoftheInternationalAIDSSocietyandotherexpertssayreviewingunansweredquestionscouldproveusefulasameasureofprogressforAIDSandotherdiseases. Amongtheimportantbroaderscientificquestionsthatremain: 41.__________. Along-standingbeliefisthatcancercellsconstantlydevelopandareheldincheckbyahealthyimmunesystem.ButAIDShaschallengedthatbelief.PeoplewithAIDSaremuchmorepronetocertaincancerslikenon-HodgkinslymphomasandKaposi’ssarcomsbutnottobreastcolonandlungthemostcommoncancersintheUnitedStates.ThispatternsuggeststhatanimpairedimmunesystematleastthetypethatoccursinAIDSdoesnotallowcommoncancerstodevelop. 42.__________. WhenHIVistransmittedsexuallythevirusmustcrossatissuebarriertoenterthebody.Howthathappensisstillunclear.Thevirusmightinvadedirectlyorbecarriedbyaseriesofdifferentkindsofcells. EventuallyHIVtravelsthroughlymphvesselstolymphnodesandtherestofthelymphsystem.Butwhatisnotknownishowthevirusproceedstodestroythebody’sCD-4cellsthatareneededtocombatinvadinginfectiousagents. 43.__________. AlthoughHIVkillstheimmunecellssenttokillthevirusthereiswidespreadvariationintherateatwhichHIVinfectedpeoplebecomeillwithAIDS.Soscientistsask.CantheelementsoftheimmunesystemresponsibleforthatvariabilitybeidentifiedIfsocantheybeusedtostopprogressiontoAIDSininfectedindividualsandpossiblypreventinfectioninthefirstplace 44.__________. Intheoryearlytreatmentshouldofferthebestchanceofpreservingimmunefunction.ButthenewdrugsdonotcompletelyeliminateHIVfromthebodysothemedicineswhichcanhavedangeroussideeffectswillhavetobetakenforalifetimeandperhapschangedtocombatresistance.Thenewpolicyisexpectedtorecommendthattreatmentbedeferreduntiltherearesignstheimmunesystemisweakening. Isavaccinepossible Thereislittlequestionthataneffectivevaccineiscrucialtocontrollingtheepidemic.Yetonlyonehasreachedthestageoffulltestingandthereiswidecontroversyoverthedegreeofprotectionitwillprovide.HIVstrainsthataretransmittedinvariousareasoftheworlddiffergenetically.ItisnotknownwhetheravaccinederivedfromonetypeofHIVwillconferprotectionagainstothertypes. 45.__________. Withoutmoreincisivefocusedbehavioralresearchpreventionmessagesalonewillnotputanendtotheglobalepidemic. 43
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Soonafterhisappointmentassecretary-generaloftheUnitedNationsin1997KofiAnnanlamentedthathewasbeingaccusedoffailingtoreformtheworldbodyinsixweeks.ButwhatareyoucomplainingaboutaskedtheRussianambassador.You’vehadmoretimethanGod.AhMr.AnnanquippedbackbutGodhadonebigadvantage.HeworkedalonewithoutaGeneralAssemblyaSecurityCounciland[all]thecommittees.RecountingthatanecdotetojournalistsinNewYorkthisweekMr.AnnansoughttoexplainwhyadraftdeclarationonUNreformandtacklingworldpovertyduetobeendorsedbysome150headsofstateandgovernmentataworldsummitinthecityonSeptember14th-16thhadturnedintosuchapaleshadowoftheproposalsthathehimselfhadputforwardinMarch.With191memberstateshesighedit’snoteasytogetanagreement.MostcountriesputtheblameontheUnitedStatesintheformofitsabrasivenewambassadorJohnBoltonforinsistingattheendofAugustonhundredsoflast-minuteamendmentsandaline-by-linerenegotiationofatextmostothershadthoughtwasalmostsettled.Butagroupofmiddle-incomedevelopingnationsincludingPakistanCubaIranEgyptSyriaandVenezuelaalsocameupwithplentyoflast-minutechangesoftheirown.Theriskofhavingnodocumentatallandthusnothingfortheworld’sleaderstocometoNewYorkforwasavertedonlybymarathonall-nightandall-weekendtalks.The35-pagefinaldocumentisnotwhollydevoidofsubstance.ItcallsforthecreationofaPeacebuildingCommissiontosupervisethereconstructionofcountriesafterwars;thereplacementofthediscreditedUNCommissiononHumanRightsbyasupposedlytougherHumanRightsCouncil;therecognitionofanewresponsibilitytoprotectpeoplesfromgenocideandotheratrocitieswhennationalauthoritiesfailtotakeactionincludingifnecessarybyforce;andanearlyreformoftheSecurityCouncil.Althoughmuchpareddownalltheseproposalshaveatleastsurvived.Othershavenot.Eithertheyprovedsocontentiousthattheywereomittedaltogethersuchasthesectionsondisarmamentandnon-proliferationandtheInternationalCriminalCourtortheywerewatereddowntolittlemorethanemptyplatitudes.Theimportantsectiononcollectivesecurityandtheuseofforcenolongerevenmentionsthevexedissueofpre-emptivestrikes;meanwhilethesectiononterrorismcondemnsitinallitsformsandmanifestationscommittedbywhomeverwhereverandforwhateverpurposesbutfailstoprovidethecleardefinitiontheAmericanswanted.BothMr.AnnanandmoresurprisinglyGeorgeBushhaveneverthelesssoughttoputagoodfaceonthingswithMr.AnnandescribingthesummitdocumentasanimportantstepforwardandMr.BushsayingtheUNhadtakenthefirststepstowardsreform.Mr.AnnanandMr.Boltonaredeterminedtogoalotfurther.ItisnowuptotheGeneralAssemblytofleshoutthedocument’sskeletonproposalsandproposenewones.Butitschancesofsuccessappearslim.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheUNfinaldocumentis______.
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我国现行刑法对溯及力问题采取的原则是
Thetermdisruptivetechnologyispopularbutiswidelymisused.Itrefersnotsimplytoaclevernewtechnologybuttoonethatunderminesanexistingtechnology-andwhichthereforemakeslifeverydifficultforthemanybusinesseswhichdependontheexistingwayofdoingthings.Twentyyearsagothepersonalcomputerwasaclassicexample.Itsweptasideanoldermainframe-basedstyleofcomputingandeventuallybroughtIBMoneoftheworld’smightiestfirmsatthetimetoitsknees.Thisweekhasbeenacoming-outpartyofsortsforanotherdisruptivetechnologyvoiceoverinternetprotocolVOIPwhichpromisestobeevenmoredisruptiveandofevengreaterbenefittoconsumersthanpersonalcomputers.VOIP’sleadingproponentisSkypeasmallfirmwhosesoftwareallowspeopletomakefreecallstootherSkypeusersovertheinternetandverycheapcallstotraditionaltelephones-allofwhichspellstroubleforincumbenttelecomsoperators.OnSeptember12theBaytheleadingonlineauction-houseannouncedthatitwasbuyingSkypefor$2.6billionplusanadditional$1.5billionifSkypehitscertainperformancetargetsincomingyears.Thisseemsavastsumtopayforacompanythathasonly$60minrevenuesandhasyettoturnaprofit.YeteBaywasnottheonlycompanyinterestedinbuyingSkype.MicrosoftYahoo!NewsCorporationandGooglewereallsaidtohavealsoconsideredtheidea.PerhapseBayratherlikesomeover-excitedbidderinoneofitsownauctionshaspaidtoomuch.ThecompanysaysitplanstouseSkype’stechnologytomakeiteasierforbuyersandsellerstocommunicateandtooffernewclicktocalladvertisementsbutmanyanalystsarescepticalthateBayisthebestownerofSkype.WhateverthemeritsofthedealhoweverthefussoverSkypeinrecentweekshashighlightedthesignificanceofVOIPandtheenormousthreatitposestoincumbenttelecomsoperators.FortheriseofSkypeandotherVOIPservicesmeansnothinglessthanthedeathofthetraditionaltelephonebusinessestablishedoveracenturyago.Skypeismerelythemostvisiblemanifestationofadramaticshiftinthetelecomsindustryasvoicecallingbecomesjustanotherdataservicedeliveredviahigh-speedinternetconnections.Skypewhichhasover54musershasreceivedthemostattentionbutotherfirmsroutingcallspartiallyorentirelyovertheinternethavealsosignedupmillionsofcustomers.Accordingtothetextmanyanalysts’attitudetowardthepossessionofSkypebyeBayis______.
I’matotalgeekallaroundsaysAngelaByrona27-year-oldcomputerprogrammerwhohasjustgraduatedfromNovaScotiaCommunityCollege.Andyetlikemanyotherstudentssheneverhadtheconfidencetoapproachanyofthevariousopen-sourcesoftwarecommunitiesontheinternet--distributedteamsofvolunteerswhocollaboratetobuildsoftwarethatisthenmadefreelyavailable.ButthankstoGoogletheworld’smostpopularsearchengineandoneofthebiggestproponentsofopen-sourcesoftwareMsByronspentthesummercontributingcodetoDrupalanopen-sourceprojectthatautomatesthemanagementofwebsites.It’sawesomeshesays.MsByronisoneof419studentsoutof8744whoappliedwhowereacceptedforGoogle’ssummerofcode.Whileitsoundslikeahyper-nerdysummercampthestudentsneitherwenttoGoogle’scampusinMountainViewCalifornianortowherevertheirmentorsatthe41participatingopen-sourceprojectshappenedtobelocated.InsteadGoogleactedasamatchmakerandsponsor.Eachoftheparticipatingopen-sourceprojectsreceived$500foreverystudentittookon;andeachstudentreceived$4500$500rightawayand$4000oncompletionoftheirwork.OhandaT-shirt.AllofthisistheideaofChrisDiBonaGoogle’sopen-sourcebosswhowasbrainstormingwithLarryPageandSergeyBrinGoogle’sfounderslastyear.Theyrealisedthatalotofprogrammingtalentgoestowasteeverysummerbecausestudentstakesummerjobsflippingburgerstomakemoneyandlettheircodingskillsdegrade.WewanttomakeitbetterforstudentsinthesummersaysMr.DiBonaaddingthatitalsohelpstheopen-sourcecommunityandthusindirectlyGooglewhichuseslotsofopen-sourcesoftwarebehindthescenes.PlussaysMr.DiBonaitdoesbecomeanopportunityforrecruiting.ElliotCohenastudentatBerkeleyspenthissummerwritingaBayesiannetworktoolboxforPythonanopen-sourceprogramminglanguage.I’maprettybigfanofGooglehesays.HehasaninterviewscheduledwithMicrosoftbutGoogleistheonlybigcompanythatIwouldworkathesays.Andifthatdoesn’tworkouthenowknowspeopleintheopen-sourcecommunityandit’salotlessintimidating./ItcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthattheparticipantsofGoogle’ssummerofcodehave______.
以事实为根据以法律为准绳是人民法院审理案件的
Thetermdisruptivetechnologyispopularbutiswidelymisused.Itrefersnotsimplytoaclevernewtechnologybuttoonethatunderminesanexistingtechnology-andwhichthereforemakeslifeverydifficultforthemanybusinesseswhichdependontheexistingwayofdoingthings.Twentyyearsagothepersonalcomputerwasaclassicexample.Itsweptasideanoldermainframe-basedstyleofcomputingandeventuallybroughtIBMoneoftheworld’smightiestfirmsatthetimetoitsknees.Thisweekhasbeenacoming-outpartyofsortsforanotherdisruptivetechnologyvoiceoverinternetprotocolVOIPwhichpromisestobeevenmoredisruptiveandofevengreaterbenefittoconsumersthanpersonalcomputers.VOIP’sleadingproponentisSkypeasmallfirmwhosesoftwareallowspeopletomakefreecallstootherSkypeusersovertheinternetandverycheapcallstotraditionaltelephones-allofwhichspellstroubleforincumbenttelecomsoperators.OnSeptember12theBaytheleadingonlineauction-houseannouncedthatitwasbuyingSkypefor$2.6billionplusanadditional$1.5billionifSkypehitscertainperformancetargetsincomingyears.Thisseemsavastsumtopayforacompanythathasonly$60minrevenuesandhasyettoturnaprofit.YeteBaywasnottheonlycompanyinterestedinbuyingSkype.MicrosoftYahoo!NewsCorporationandGooglewereallsaidtohavealsoconsideredtheidea.PerhapseBayratherlikesomeover-excitedbidderinoneofitsownauctionshaspaidtoomuch.ThecompanysaysitplanstouseSkype’stechnologytomakeiteasierforbuyersandsellerstocommunicateandtooffernewclicktocalladvertisementsbutmanyanalystsarescepticalthateBayisthebestownerofSkype.WhateverthemeritsofthedealhoweverthefussoverSkypeinrecentweekshashighlightedthesignificanceofVOIPandtheenormousthreatitposestoincumbenttelecomsoperators.FortheriseofSkypeandotherVOIPservicesmeansnothinglessthanthedeathofthetraditionaltelephonebusinessestablishedoveracenturyago.Skypeismerelythemostvisiblemanifestationofadramaticshiftinthetelecomsindustryasvoicecallingbecomesjustanotherdataservicedeliveredviahigh-speedinternetconnections.Skypewhichhasover54musershasreceivedthemostattentionbutotherfirmsroutingcallspartiallyorentirelyovertheinternethavealsosignedupmillionsofcustomers.Thephrasebrought...toitskneesinthefirstparagraphmostprobablydenotes______.
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