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Some years ago,Chinese high school students would show their new schoolbags,new clothes or new pens ...
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Lily__________tolearnChinesetwoyearsago.
starts
started
is starting
has started
Thatstar__________byaChinesehundredsofyearsago.
discovered
invented
was discovered
was invented
SomeyearsagoChinesehighschoolstudentswouldshowthei
But
However
So
Still
SomeyearsagoChinesehighschoolstudentswouldshowthei
right
1ucky
nice
pleased
阅读理解阅读下面短文根据短文内容判断文后句子的正误在正确的句子前面括号内填写T.错误的填写F.Asa
SomeyearsagoChinesehighschoolstudentswouldshowthei
changed
come
joined
stopped
Chinesemen_________weigh1.6kgheavierthan10yearsago
on condition that
on average
in place
on behalf
SomeyearsagoChinesehighschoolstudentswouldshowthei
1ook
just
feel
something
SomeyearsagoChinesehighschoolstudentswouldshowthei
to
from
of
with
Throughouthistorypeoplehavebeeninterestedinknowing
SomeyearsagoChinesehighschoolstudentswouldshowthei
that
how
if
which
46.Lucyusuallycleansthecageeverytwodays.对划线部分提问___
WasitsixyearsagowhenhecametoChinaforthefirsttime__
where
how
which
that
Throughouthistorypeoplehavebeeninterestedinknowing
SomeyearsagoChinesehighschoolstudentswouldshowthei
return
return back
reach
arrive
SomeyearsagoChinesehighschoolstudentswouldshowthei
times
days
years
date
SomeyearsagoChinesehighschoolstudentswouldshowthei
down
off
behind
back
John____interestedinChinesetwoyearsago.
is
became
are
were
阅读下面短文根据短文内容判断文后句子的正误在正确的句子前面括号内填写T.错误的填写F.AsaChin
Itissaidthatumbrellawasinventedoverfourthousandyea
a
an
the
不填
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ESusanSontag1933--2004wasoneofthemostnoticeablefiguresintheworldofliterature.Formorethan40yearsshemadeitmorallynecessarytoknoweverything--toreadeverybookworthreadingandtoseeeverymovieworthseeing.Whenshewasstillinherearly30spublishingessaysinsuchimportantmagazinesasPartisanReviewsheappearedasthesymbolofAmericanculturelifetryinghardtofolloweverynewdevelopmentinliteraturefilmandart.WithgreateffortandseriousjudgmentSontagwalkedatthelatestedgesofworldculture.SeriousnesswasoneofSontag’slifelongwatchwords格言butatatimewhenthebarriersbetweenthewell-educatedandthepoorly-educatedwereobviousshearguedforatrueopennesstothepleasuresofpopculture.In“NotesonCamp”the1964essaythatfirstmadehernamesheexplainedwhatwasthenalittle-knownsetofdifficultunderstandingsthroughwhichshecouldnothavebeenmorefamous.“NotesonCamp”shewroterepresents“avictoryof’form’over’con-tent’’beauty’over’morals’”.Byconviction信念shewasasensualist感觉论者butbynatureshewasamoralist伦理学者andintheworksshepublishedinthe1970sand1980sitwasthelattersideofherthatcameforward.InIllnessasMetaphor--publishedin1978aftershesufferedcancer--shearguedagainsttheideathatcancerwassomehowaspecialproblemofrepressedpersonalities被压抑的性格aconceptthateffectivelyblamedthevictimforthedisease.Infactre-examiningoldpositionswasherlifelonghabit.InAmericaherstoryofa19thcenturyPolishactresswhosetupaperfectsocietyinCaliforniawontheNationalBookAwardin2000.Butitwasasatirelessall-purposeculturalviewthatshemadeherlastingfame.“Sometimes”sheoncesaid“IfeelthatintheendallIamreallydefending...istheideaofseriousnessoftrueseriousness.”Andintheendshemadeustakeitseriouslytoo. AsforSusanSontag’slifelonghabitshe.
Oneofthemostremarkablethingsaboutthehumanmindisourabilitytoimaginethefuture.Inour21wecanseewhathasnotyethappened.Forexamplewhilewearelookingforwardto22anewplaceorcountrywe23whatitwillbelike.Wepredict预料the24peoplewilleatdressandact.Ofcoursewedonotalwayspredictthings25.Thingsareoftenverydifferentfromthewaywe26themtobe.Oneofthe27dreamsinhistoryisthedreamoftheGermanscientistKekulewhohadbeen28toworkoutaverydifficultprobleminphysics.Hehad29andanalyzed分析theproblemfromeveryangle角度fordaysbutthere30tobenowayof31outtheanswer.Thenonenighthewenttobedanddreamed.Whenhe32upherealizedthatheknewtheanswer.Hehadsolvedtheprobleminhis33.Thehypnotist催眠者satinthechairoppositehimandspoke34:Iwantyoutoconcentrateonmyvoice.Thinkabout35Youknownothingbutmyvoice.Andasyoupayattentiontomyvoiceyour36willgetheavier.Soonyou’llbe asleep.Youwillhearmyvoiceand37mywordsbutyourbodywillbeasleepyoureyesaretooheavy.Youare38asleepandwhenyouwakeupyouwill39nothing.Youwillforgeteverything.NowIamgoingto40slowlyfromonetofive.Onetwothreefourfive. 29处填
DWhatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowupAteacherAdoctorHowaboutanice-creamtasterYestherereallyisajobwhereyoucangetpaidtotasteicecream.JustaskJohnHarrisonan“OfficialTasteTester”forthepast21years.Testinghelpsmanufacturerstobesureofaproduct’squality.DuringhiscareerHarrisonhasbeenresponsibleforapprovinglargequantitiesofthesweeticecream--aswellasfordevelopingover75flavors味道.Somepeoplethinkthatitwouldbeeasytodothisjob:afterallyoujusthavetolikeicecreamfightNo--there’smoretothejobthanthatsaysHarrisonwhohasadegreeinchemistry.Hepointsoutthatadairyorfood-sciencedegreewouldbeveryusefultosomeonewantingacareerinthis“cool”field.InatypicalmorningonthejobHarrisontastesandassesses60ice-creamsamples.Heletstheicecreamwarmuptoabout12°F.Harrisonexplains“Yougetmoreflavorfromwarmericecreamwhichiswhysomekidsliketostiritcreatingice-creamsoup.”Whiletheice.creamwarmsupHarrisonlooksoverthesamplesandgradeseachoneonitsappearance.“Tastingbeginswiththeeyes”heexplains.Hecheckstoseeiftheicecreamisattractiveandaskshimself“Doestheproducthavethecolorexpectedfromthatflavor”Nextit’stimetotaste!ContinuingtothinkupnewideastryoutnewflavorsandtestsamplesfromsomanykindsoficecreameachdaykeepsHarrisonbusybuthappy--workingatone"cool"job. AccordingtoJohnHarrisontobequalifiedinthecoolfielditishelpfulto.
Oneofthemostremarkablethingsaboutthehumanmindisourabilitytoimaginethefuture.Inour21wecanseewhathasnotyethappened.Forexamplewhilewearelookingforwardto22anewplaceorcountrywe23whatitwillbelike.Wepredict预料the24peoplewilleatdressandact.Ofcoursewedonotalwayspredictthings25.Thingsareoftenverydifferentfromthewaywe26themtobe.Oneofthe27dreamsinhistoryisthedreamoftheGermanscientistKekulewhohadbeen28toworkoutaverydifficultprobleminphysics.Hehad29andanalyzed分析theproblemfromeveryangle角度fordaysbutthere30tobenowayof31outtheanswer.Thenonenighthewenttobedanddreamed.Whenhe32upherealizedthatheknewtheanswer.Hehadsolvedtheprobleminhis 33.Thehypnotist催眠者satinthechairoppositehimandspoke34:Iwantyoutoconcentrateonmyvoice.Thinkabout35Youknownothingbutmyvoice.Andasyoupayattentiontomyvoiceyour36willgetheavier.Soonyou’llbe asleep.Youwillhearmyvoiceand37mywordsbutyourbodywillbeasleepyoureyesaretooheavy.Youare38asleepandwhen youwakeupyouwill39nothing.Youwillforgeteverything.NowIamgoingto40slowlyfromonetofive.Onetwothreefourfive. 21处填
Oneofthemostremarkablethingsaboutthehumanmindisourabilitytoimaginethefuture.Inour21wecanseewhathasnotyethappened.Forexamplewhilewearelookingforwardto22anewplaceorcountrywe23whatitwillbelike.Wepredict预料the24peoplewilleatdressandact.Ofcoursewedonotalwayspredictthings25.Thingsareoftenverydifferentfromthewaywe26themtobe.Oneofthe27dreamsinhistoryisthedreamoftheGermanscientistKekulewhohadbeen28toworkoutaverydifficultprobleminphysics.Hehad29andanalyzed分析theproblemfromeveryangle角度fordaysbutthere30tobenowayof31outtheanswer.Thenonenighthewenttobedanddreamed.Whenhe32upherealizedthatheknewtheanswer.Hehadsolvedtheprobleminhis33.Thehypnotist催眠者satinthechairoppositehimandspoke34:Iwantyoutoconcentrateonmyvoice.Thinkabout35Youknownothingbutmyvoice.Andasyoupayattentiontomyvoiceyour36willgetheavier.Soonyou’llbe asleep.Youwillhearmyvoiceand37mywordsbutyourbodywillbeasleepyoureyesaretooheavy.Youare38asleepandwhenyouwakeupyouwill39nothing.Youwillforgeteverything.NowIamgoingto40slowlyfromonetofive.Onetwothreefourfive. 27处填
DWhatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowupAteacherAdoctorHowaboutanice-creamtasterYestherereallyisajobwhereyoucangetpaidtotasteicecream.JustaskJohnHarrisonan“OfficialTasteTester”forthepast21years.Testinghelpsmanufacturerstobesureofaproduct’squality.DuringhiscareerHarrisonhasbeenresponsibleforapprovinglargequantitiesofthesweeticecream--aswellasfordevelopingover75flavors味道.Somepeoplethinkthatitwouldbeeasytodothisjob:afterallyoujusthavetolikeicecreamfightNo--there’smoretothejobthanthatsaysHarrisonwhohasadegreeinchemistry.Hepointsoutthatadairyorfood-sciencedegreewouldbeveryusefultosomeonewantingacareerinthis“cool”field.InatypicalmorningonthejobHarrisontastesandassesses60ice-creamsamples.Heletstheicecreamwarmuptoabout12°F.Harrisonexplains“Yougetmoreflavorfromwarmericecreamwhichiswhysomekidsliketostiritcreatingice-creamsoup.”Whiletheice.creamwarmsupHarrisonlooksoverthesamplesandgradeseachoneonitsappearance.“Tastingbeginswiththeeyes”heexplains.Hecheckstoseeiftheicecreamisattractiveandaskshimself“Doestheproducthavethecolorexpectedfromthatflavor”Nextit’stimetotaste!ContinuingtothinkupnewideastryoutnewflavorsandtestsamplesfromsomanykindsoficecreameachdaykeepsHarrisonbusybuthappy--workingatone"cool"job. Whichofthefollowingisprobablythebesttitleofthepassage
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BFilmDescriptionsBacktotheFutureWiththehelpofalocalinventor’stimemachineMartytravelsbacktothe1950s.Thereheinadvertentlyinterfereswiththefledglingromanceofhisparents-to-be.CanMartykeepthemtogetherHe’dbetterorhisownfuturewillfadeaway.Featuring:ChristopherLloydMichaelJ.Fox.AUniversalPicturesrelease1hr.55min.Beethoven’s2ndInthissequeltothepopularBeethovenourcanineherofallsforMissywhosoonhaspuppies.Missy’sgreedyownerReginawhoseesonlymoneyinthelittlepurebredsseparatesmornandpupsfromBeethoven.HisownersrescuethepuppiesbutReginastillhasMissy.Featuring:CharlesGrodinBonnieHunt.AUniversalPicturesrelease1hr.26min.CharlieandtheChocolateFactoryDespitethepopularityofhistreatscandymakerWillyWonkashutshimselfinsidehisfactory.ButthenWillyholdsacontestofferingfiveluckychildrenthechancetoseehiscompany.PoorbutpleasantCharlieBucketfindsaticketasdofourless-deservingchildren.Featuring:JohnnyDeppFreddieHighmore.AWarnerBros.release1hr.56min.CinderellaManBasedonactualeventsthisfilmfollowsthelifeofJimBraddockaboxerinNewYorkCityduringtheGreatDepression.AfteraseriesoflossesBraddockisforcedintoretirement.Buthenevergivesuphisboxingdreamandneitherdoeshismanager.Featuring:RussellCroweRen~eZellweger.AUniversalPicturesrelease2hr.14min.LiarLiarLawyerFletcherReedehasnevertoldthetruthinhislife.Thenhissonmakesabirthdaywishthathisdadwouldstoplyingfor24hours.SuddenlyFletcher’smouthspoutseverythinghethinks.Hiscompulsionbringsdisastertoacourtroomwherehemustdefendaclientwhosecasewasbuiltonlies.Featuring:JimCarreyJustinCooper.AUniversalPicturesrelease1hr.25min. Whichofthefollowingisprobablythenameofadog
AlthoughtheymeetwithdifficultiesIhearthatthey’vesucceeded.
Thethingthatisnotwhetheryoufailornotbutwhetheryoutryornot.
Canyouexplainhavingdonesuchathing.
Oneofthemostremarkablethingsaboutthehumanmindisourabilitytoimaginethefuture.Inour21wecanseewhathasnotyethappened.Forexamplewhilewearelookingforwardto22anewplaceorcountrywe23whatitwillbelike.Wepredict预料the24peoplewilleatdressandact.Ofcoursewedonotalwayspredictthings25.Thingsareoftenverydifferentfromthewaywe26themtobe.Oneofthe27dreamsinhistoryisthedreamoftheGermanscientistKekulewhohadbeen28toworkoutaverydifficultprobleminphysics.Hehad29andanalyzed分析theproblemfromeveryangle角度fordaysbutthere30tobenowayof31outtheanswer.Thenonenighthewenttobedanddreamed.Whenhe32upherealizedthatheknewtheanswer.Hehadsolvedtheprobleminhis33.Thehypnotist催眠者satinthechairoppositehimandspoke34:Iwantyoutoconcentrateonmyvoice.Thinkabout35Youknownothingbutmyvoice.Andasyoupayattentiontomyvoiceyour36willgetheavier.Soonyou’llbe asleep.Youwillhearmyvoiceand37mywordsbutyourbodywillbeasleepyoureyesaretooheavy.Youare38asleepandwhenyouwakeupyouwill39nothing.Youwillforgeteverything.NowIamgoingto40slowlyfromonetofive.Onetwothreefourfive. 31处填
CThedaysofthehunterarealmostoverinIndia.Thisispartlybecausethereispracticallynothinglefttokillandpartlybecausesomestepshavebeentakenmainlybybanningtiger-shootingtoprotectthoseanimalswhichstillsurvive.SomepeoplesaythatManisnaturallyahunter.Idisagreewiththisview.Surelyourearliestforefatherswhoatfirstpossessednoweaponsspenttheirtimediggingforrootsandwerenodoubtthemselvesoftenhuntedbymeat-eatinganimals.Ibelievethemainreasonwhythemodemhunterkillsisthathethinkspeoplewilladmirehiscourageinoverpoweringdangerousanimals.Ofcoursetherearesomewhotrulybelievethatthekillingisnotreallytheimportantthingandthatthechiefpleasureliesinthejoyofthehuntandthebeautiesofthewildcountryside.Therearealsothoseforwhomhuntinginfactoffersachancetoprovethemselvesandriskdeathbydesign;thesemengooutafterdangerousanimalsliketigerseveniftheysaytheyonlydoittoridthecountrysideofathreat.Icanrespectreasonslikethesebuttheyareclearlydifferentfromtheneedtostrengthenyourhighopinionofyourself.Thegreatestbig-gamehuntersexpressedintheirwritingssomethingofthesefinermotives动机.Oneofthemwrote:“Youmustproperlyrespectwhatyouareafterandshootitcleanlyandontheanimal’sownterritory领地.Youmustfixforeverinyourmindallthewondersofthatparticularday.Thisisbetterthanlettinghimgrowafewyearsoldertobeattackedandwoundedbyhisownsonandeventuallyeatenhalfalivebyotheranimals.Huntingisnotacruelandsenselesskilling--notifyourespectthethingyoukillnotifyoukilltoenrichyourmemoriesnotifyoukilltofeedyourpeople.”Icanunderstandsuchbeliefsandcancomparethesehunterswiththosewhohuntedlionswithspears矛andbravelycaughtthembythetail.Butthisisverydifferentfrommanytiger-shootsIhaveseeninwhichmodemweaponswereused.Theso-calledhuntersfiredfromtalltreesorfromthebacksoftrainedelephants.Suchmethodsmadetigersseemnomoredangerousthanrabbits. Whatistheauthor’sviewonthetiger-shootshehasseen
Oneofthemostremarkablethingsaboutthehumanmindisourabilitytoimaginethefuture.Inour21wecanseewhathasnotyethappened.Forexamplewhilewearelookingforwardto22anewplaceorcountrywe23whatitwillbelike.Wepredict预料the24peoplewilleatdressandact.Ofcoursewedonotalwayspredictthings25.Thingsareoftenverydifferentfromthewaywe26themtobe.Oneofthe27dreamsinhistoryisthedreamoftheGermanscientistKekulewhohadbeen28toworkoutaverydifficultprobleminphysics.Hehad29andanalyzed分析theproblemfromeveryangle角度fordaysbutthere30tobenowayof31outtheanswer.Thenonenighthewenttobedanddreamed.Whenhe32upherealizedthatheknewtheanswer.Hehadsolvedtheprobleminhis33.Thehypnotist催眠者satinthechairoppositehimandspoke34:Iwantyoutoconcentrateonmyvoice.Thinkabout35Youknownothingbutmyvoice.Andasyoupayattentiontomyvoiceyour36willgetheavier.Soonyou’llbe asleep.Youwillhearmyvoiceand37mywordsbutyourbodywillbeasleepyoureyesaretooheavy.Youare38asleepandwhenyouwakeupyouwill39nothing.Youwillforgeteverything.NowIamgoingto40slowlyfromonetofive.Onetwothreefourfive. 35处填
Oneofthemostremarkablethingsaboutthehumanmindisourabilitytoimaginethefuture.Inour21wecanseewhathasnotyethappened.Forexamplewhilewearelookingforwardto22anewplaceorcountrywe23whatitwillbelike.Wepredict预料the24peoplewilleatdressandact.Ofcoursewedonotalwayspredictthings25.Thingsareoftenverydifferentfromthewaywe26themtobe.Oneofthe27dreamsinhistoryisthedreamoftheGermanscientistKekulewhohadbeen28toworkoutaverydifficultprobleminphysics.Hehad29andanalyzed分析theproblemfromeveryangle角度fordaysbutthere30tobenowayof31outtheanswer.Thenonenighthewenttobedanddreamed.Whenhe32upherealizedthatheknewtheanswer.Hehadsolvedtheprobleminhis33.Thehypnotist催眠者satinthechairoppositehimandspoke34:Iwantyoutoconcentrateonmyvoice.Thinkabout35Youknownothingbutmyvoice.Andasyoupayattentiontomyvoiceyour36willgetheavier.Soonyou’llbe asleep.Youwillhearmyvoiceand37mywordsbutyourbodywillbeasleepyoureyesaretooheavy.Youare38asleepandwhenyouwakeupyouwill39nothing.Youwillforgeteverything.NowIamgoingto40slowlyfromonetofive.Onetwothreefourfive. 23处填
BFilmDescriptionsBacktotheFutureWiththehelpofalocalinventor’stimemachineMartytravelsbacktothe1950s.Thereheinadvertentlyinterfereswiththefledglingromanceofhisparents-to-be.CanMartykeepthemtogetherHe’dbetterorhisownfuturewillfadeaway.Featuring:ChristopherLloydMichaelJ.Fox.AUniversalPicturesrelease1hr.55min.Beethoven’s2ndInthissequeltothepopularBeethovenourcanineherofallsforMissywhosoonhaspuppies.Missy’sgreedyownerReginawhoseesonlymoneyinthelittlepurebredsseparatesmornandpupsfromBeethoven.HisownersrescuethepuppiesbutReginastillhasMissy.Featuring:CharlesGrodinBonnieHunt.AUniversalPicturesrelease1hr.26min.CharlieandtheChocolateFactoryDespitethepopularityofhistreatscandymakerWillyWonkashutshimselfinsidehisfactory.ButthenWillyholdsacontestofferingfiveluckychildrenthechancetoseehiscompany.PoorbutpleasantCharlieBucketfindsaticketasdofourless-deservingchildren.Featuring:JohnnyDeppFreddieHighmore.AWarnerBros.release1hr.56min.CinderellaManBasedonactualeventsthisfilmfollowsthelifeofJimBraddockaboxerinNewYorkCityduringtheGreatDepression.AfteraseriesoflossesBraddockisforcedintoretirement.Buthenevergivesuphisboxingdreamandneitherdoeshismanager.Featuring:RussellCroweRen~eZellweger.AUniversalPicturesrelease2hr.14min.LiarLiarLawyerFletcherReedehasnevertoldthetruthinhislife.Thenhissonmakesabirthdaywishthathisdadwouldstoplyingfor24hours.SuddenlyFletcher’smouthspoutseverythinghethinks.Hiscompulsionbringsdisastertoacourtroomwherehemustdefendaclientwhosecasewasbuiltonlies.Featuring:JimCarreyJustinCooper.AUniversalPicturesrelease1hr.25min. Whichfilmisaboutthelifeofarealperson
Oneofthemostremarkablethingsaboutthehumanmindisourabilitytoimaginethefuture.Inour21wecanseewhathasnotyethappened.Forexamplewhilewearelookingforwardto22anewplaceorcountrywe23whatitwillbelike.Wepredict预料the24peoplewilleatdressandact.Ofcoursewedonotalwayspredictthings25.Thingsareoftenverydifferentfromthewaywe26themtobe.Oneofthe27dreamsinhistoryisthedreamoftheGermanscientistKekulewhohadbeen28toworkoutaverydifficultprobleminphysics.Hehad29andanalyzed分析theproblemfromeveryangle角度fordaysbutthere30tobenowayof31outtheanswer.Thenonenighthewenttobedanddreamed.Whenhe32upherealizedthatheknewtheanswer.Hehadsolvedtheprobleminhis33.Thehypnotist催眠者satinthechairoppositehimandspoke34:Iwantyoutoconcentrateonmyvoice.Thinkabout35Youknownothingbutmyvoice.Andasyoupayattentiontomyvoiceyour36willgetheavier.Soonyou’llbe asleep.Youwillhearmyvoiceand37mywordsbutyourbodywillbeasleepyoureyesaretooheavy.Youare38asleepandwhenyouwakeupyouwill39nothing.Youwillforgeteverything.NowIamgoingto40slowlyfromonetofive.Onetwothreefourfive. 39处填
Oneofthemostremarkablethingsaboutthehumanmindisourabilitytoimaginethefuture.Inour21wecanseewhathasnotyethappened.Forexamplewhilewearelookingforwardto22anewplaceorcountrywe23whatitwillbelike.Wepredict预料the24peoplewilleatdressandact.Ofcoursewedonotalwayspredictthings25.Thingsareoftenverydifferentfromthewaywe26themtobe.Oneofthe27dreamsinhistoryisthedreamoftheGermanscientistKekulewhohadbeen28toworkoutaverydifficultprobleminphysics.Hehad29andanalyzed分析theproblemfromeveryangle角度fordaysbutthere30tobenowayof31outtheanswer.Thenonenighthewenttobedanddreamed.Whenhe32upherealizedthatheknewtheanswer.Hehadsolvedtheprobleminhis33.Thehypnotist催眠者satinthechairoppositehimandspoke34:Iwantyoutoconcentrateonmyvoice.Thinkabout35Youknownothingbutmyvoice.Andasyoupayattentiontomyvoiceyour36willgetheavier.Soonyou’llbe asleep.Youwillhearmyvoiceand37mywordsbutyourbodywillbeasleepyoureyesaretooheavy.Youare38asleepandwhenyouwakeupyouwill39nothing.Youwillforgeteverything.NowIamgoingto40slowlyfromonetofive.Onetwothreefourfive. 37处填
Whatimpressedmemostwasthattheynever.
Inspiteofyourlivingsofarawaywebothhopeverymuch.
ESusanSontag1933--2004wasoneofthemostnoticeablefiguresintheworldofliterature.Formorethan40yearsshemadeitmorallynecessarytoknoweverything--toreadeverybookworthreadingandtoseeeverymovieworthseeing.Whenshewasstillinherearly30spublishingessaysinsuchimportantmagazinesasPartisanReviewsheappearedasthesymbolofAmericanculturelifetryinghardtofolloweverynewdevelopmentinliteraturefilmandart.WithgreateffortandseriousjudgmentSontagwalkedatthelatestedgesofworldculture.SeriousnesswasoneofSontag’slifelongwatchwords格言butatatimewhenthebarriersbetweenthewell-educatedandthepoorly-educatedwereobviousshearguedforatrueopennesstothepleasuresofpopculture.In“NotesonCamp”the1964essaythatfirstmadehernamesheexplainedwhatwasthenalittle-knownsetofdifficultunderstandingsthroughwhichshecouldnothavebeenmorefamous.“NotesonCamp”shewroterepresents“avictoryof’form’over’con-tent’’beauty’over’morals’”.Byconviction信念shewasasensualist感觉论者butbynatureshewasamoralist伦理学者andintheworksshepublishedinthe1970sand1980sitwasthelattersideofherthatcameforward.InIllnessasMetaphor--publishedin1978aftershesufferedcancer--shearguedagainsttheideathatcancerwassomehowaspecialproblemofrepressedpersonalities被压抑的性格aconceptthateffectivelyblamedthevictimforthedisease.Infactre-examiningoldpositionswasherlifelonghabit.InAmericaherstoryofa19thcenturyPolishactresswhosetupaperfectsocietyinCaliforniawontheNationalBookAwardin2000.Butitwasasatirelessall-purposeculturalviewthatshemadeherlastingfame.“Sometimes”sheoncesaid“IfeelthatintheendallIamreallydefending...istheideaofseriousnessoftrueseriousness.”Andintheendshemadeustakeitseriouslytoo. Shefirstwonhernamethrough.
--Ishouldhavegonetoseethefilmwithyou. --.
CThedaysofthehunterarealmostoverinIndia.Thisispartlybecausethereispracticallynothinglefttokillandpartlybecausesomestepshavebeentakenmainlybybanningtiger-shootingtoprotectthoseanimalswhichstillsurvive.SomepeoplesaythatManisnaturallyahunter.Idisagreewiththisview.Surelyourearliestforefatherswhoatfirstpossessednoweaponsspenttheirtimediggingforrootsandwerenodoubtthemselvesoftenhuntedbymeat-eatinganimals.Ibelievethemainreasonwhythemodemhunterkillsisthathethinkspeoplewilladmirehiscourageinoverpoweringdangerousanimals.Ofcoursetherearesomewhotrulybelievethatthekillingisnotreallytheimportantthingandthatthechiefpleasureliesinthejoyofthehuntandthebeautiesofthewildcountryside.Therearealsothoseforwhomhuntinginfactoffersachancetoprovethemselvesandriskdeathbydesign;thesemengooutafterdangerousanimalsliketigerseveniftheysaytheyonlydoittoridthecountrysideofathreat.Icanrespectreasonslikethesebuttheyareclearlydifferentfromtheneedtostrengthenyourhighopinionofyourself.Thegreatestbig-gamehuntersexpressedintheirwritingssomethingofthesefinermotives动机.Oneofthemwrote:“Youmustproperlyrespectwhatyouareafterandshootitcleanlyandontheanimal’sownterritory领地.Youmustfixforeverinyourmindallthewondersofthatparticularday.Thisisbetterthanlettinghimgrowafewyearsoldertobeattackedandwoundedbyhisownsonandeventuallyeatenhalfalivebyotheranimals.Huntingisnotacruelandsenselesskilling--notifyourespectthethingyoukillnotifyoukilltoenrichyourmemoriesnotifyoukilltofeedyourpeople.”Icanunderstandsuchbeliefsandcancomparethesehunterswiththosewhohuntedlionswithspears矛andbravelycaughtthembythetail.Butthisisverydifferentfrommanytiger-shootsIhaveseeninwhichmodemweaponswereused.Theso-calledhuntersfiredfromtalltreesorfromthebacksoftrainedelephants.Suchmethodsmadetigersseemnomoredangerousthanrabbits. Theauthorthinksmodemhunterskillmainly.
TolearnEnglishwellreadafterclass.
Oneofthemostremarkablethingsaboutthehumanmindisourabilitytoimaginethefuture.Inour21wecanseewhathasnotyethappened.Forexamplewhilewearelookingforwardto22anewplaceorcountrywe23whatitwillbelike.Wepredict预料the24peoplewilleatdressandact.Ofcoursewedonotalwayspredictthings25.Thingsareoftenverydifferentfromthewaywe26themtobe.Oneofthe27dreamsinhistoryisthedreamoftheGermanscientistKekulewhohadbeen28toworkoutaverydifficultprobleminphysics.Hehad29andanalyzed分析theproblemfromeveryangle角度fordaysbutthere30tobenowayof31outtheanswer.Thenonenighthewenttobedanddreamed.Whenhe32upherealizedthatheknewtheanswer.Hehadsolvedtheprobleminhis33.Thehypnotist催眠者satinthechairoppositehimandspoke34:Iwantyoutoconcentrateonmyvoice.Thinkabout35Youknownothingbutmyvoice.Andasyoupayattentiontomyvoiceyour36willgetheavier.Soonyou’llbe asleep.Youwillhearmyvoiceand37mywordsbutyourbodywillbeasleepyoureyesaretooheavy.Youare38asleepandwhenyouwakeupyouwill39nothing.Youwillforgeteverything.NowIamgoingto40slowlyfromonetofive.Onetwothreefourfive. 25处填
Oneofthemostremarkablethingsaboutthehumanmindisourabilitytoimaginethefuture.Inour21wecanseewhathasnotyethappened.Forexamplewhilewearelookingforwardto22anewplaceorcountrywe23whatitwillbelike.Wepredict预料the24peoplewilleatdressandact.Ofcoursewedonotalwayspredictthings25.Thingsareoftenverydifferentfromthewaywe26themtobe.Oneofthe27dreamsinhistoryisthedreamoftheGermanscientistKekulewhohadbeen28toworkoutaverydifficultprobleminphysics.Hehad29andanalyzed分析theproblemfromeveryangle角度fordaysbutthere30tobenowayof31outtheanswer.Thenonenighthewenttobedanddreamed.Whenhe32upherealizedthatheknewtheanswer.Hehadsolvedtheprobleminhis33.Thehypnotist催眠者satinthechairoppositehimandspoke34:Iwantyoutoconcentrateonmyvoice.Thinkabout35Youknownothingbutmyvoice.Andasyoupayattentiontomyvoiceyour36willgetheavier.Soonyou’llbe asleep.Youwillhearmyvoiceand37mywordsbutyourbodywillbeasleepyoureyesaretooheavy.Youare38asleepandwhenyouwakeupyouwill39nothing.Youwillforgeteverything.NowIamgoingto40slowlyfromonetofive.Onetwothreefourfive. 33处填
AAnyonewhocaresaboutwhatschoolsandcollegesteachandhowtheirstudentslearnwillbeinterestedinthememoir回忆录ofRalphW.TylerwhoisoneofthemostfamousmeninAmericaneducation.BorninChicagoin1902broughtupandschooledinNebraskathe19-year-oldcollegegraduateRalphTylerbecamehookedonteachingwhileteachingasascienceteacherinSouthDakotaandchangedhismajorfrommedicinetoeducation.GraduateworkattheUniversityofChicagofoundhimconnectedwithhonorableeducatorsCharlesJuddandW.W.Charterswhoseideasofteachingandtestinghadaneffectonhislaterwork.In1927hebecameateacherofOhioStateUniversitywherehefurtherdevelopedanewmethodoftesting.Tylerbecamewell-knownin1938whenhecarriedhisworkwiththeEight-YearStudyfromO-hioStateUniversitytotheUniversityofChicagoattheinvitationofRobertHutchins.TylerwasthefirstdirectoroftheCenterforAdvancedStudyintheBehavioralSciencesatStanfordapositionheheldforfourteenyears.Therehefirmlybelievedthatresearchersshouldbefreetoseekanindependent独立的spiritintheirwork.AlthoughTylerofficiallyretiredin1967heneveractuallyretired.HeservedonalonglistofeducationalorganizationsintheUnitedStatesandabroad.Eveninhis80shetraveledacrossthecountrytoadviseteachersandmanagementpeopleonhowtosetobjectives目标todevelopthebestteachingandlearningwithintheirschools. WhoaremostprobablyinterestedinRalphW.Tyler’smemoir
Mymotherfeltpleasedwithherselfbecauseshemyfathertogiveupsmoking.
AAnyonewhocaresaboutwhatschoolsandcollegesteachandhowtheirstudentslearnwillbeinterestedinthememoir回忆录ofRalphW.TylerwhoisoneofthemostfamousmeninAmericaneducation.BorninChicagoin1902broughtupandschooledinNebraskathe19-year-oldcollegegraduateRalphTylerbecamehookedonteachingwhileteachingasascienceteacherinSouthDakotaandchangedhismajorfrommedicinetoeducation.GraduateworkattheUniversityofChicagofoundhimconnectedwithhonorableeducatorsCharlesJuddandW.W.Charterswhoseideasofteachingandtestinghadaneffectonhislaterwork.In1927hebecameateacherofOhioStateUniversitywherehefurtherdevelopedanewmethodoftesting.Tylerbecamewell-knownin1938whenhecarriedhisworkwiththeEight-YearStudyfromO-hioStateUniversitytotheUniversityofChicagoattheinvitationofRobertHutchins.TylerwasthefirstdirectoroftheCenterforAdvancedStudyintheBehavioralSciencesatStanfordapositionheheldforfourteenyears.Therehefirmlybelievedthatresearchersshouldbefreetoseekanindependent独立的spiritintheirwork.AlthoughTylerofficiallyretiredin1967heneveractuallyretired.HeservedonalonglistofeducationalorganizationsintheUnitedStatesandabroad.Eveninhis80shetraveledacrossthecountrytoadviseteachersandmanagementpeopleonhowtosetobjectives目标todevelopthebestteachingandlearningwithintheirschools. WheredidTylerworkastheleaderofaresearchcenterforover10years
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