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认为教育的本质是社会性、阶级性、生产性、科学性、艺术性等各种属性的统一的观点属于教育本质的( )
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教育的心理起源说和生物起源说的共同缺陷是否认了
教育的生产性
教育的阶级性
教育的社会性
教育的科学性
人的教育活动与动物教育活动的本质区别是
社会性
生产性
实践性
意识性
科学性
教育的生物起源说和心理起源说都不科学其共同错误是否认了教育的
社会性
阶级性
历史性
生产性
教育的生物起源论和心理起源论的共同缺陷的主要标志是
教育的阶级性
教育的社会性
教育的生产性
教育的科学性
健康促进是一项社会性很强的工作是以动员倡导协调为主的工作其
科学性高于专业性
艺术性高于科学性
专业性高于社会性
社会性高于计划性
策略性高于艺术性
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Text2 WHAT’SthedifferencebetweenGodand LarryEllisonasksanoldsoftwareindustryjoke.Answer:Goddoesn’tthink he’sLarryEllison.ThebossofOracleishardlyaloneamongcorporatechiefsin havingareputationforbeingratherkeenonhimself.Indeed’untilthebubble burstandthepublicturnednastyatthestartofthedecadethecultofthe celebritychiefexecutiveseemedtodemandbosslynarcissismasevidencethata firmwasbeingledbyanall-conqueringhero.Narcissusmeta nastyendofcourse.Andinrecentyearsboss-worshiphascometobeseenas badforbusiness.InhismanagementbestsellerGoodtoGreatJimCollins arguedthatthetrulysuccessfulbosseswerenottheserf-proclaimedstarswho adornthecoversofForbesandFortunebutinsteadself-effacingthoughtful monkishsortswholeadbyinspiringexample.Astatistical answermaybeathand.ForthefirsttimeanewstudyIt’sAllAboutMeto bepresentednextweekattheannualgatheringoftheAmericanAcademyof Managementoffersasystematicempiricalanalysisofwhateffect narcissisticbosseshaveonthefirmstheyrun.TheauthorsArijitChatterjee andDonaldHambrickofPennsylvaniaStateUniversityexaminednarcissismin theupperlevelsof105firmsinthecomputerandsoftwareindustries. Todothistheybadtosolveapracticalproblem:studiesofnarcissism havehithertoreliedonsurveyingindividualspersonallysomethingfor whichfewchiefexecutivesarelikelytohavetimeorinclination.Sothe authorsdevisedanindexofnarcissismusingsixpubliclyavailableindicators obtainablewithouttheco-operationoftheboss.Theseare:theprominenceof theboss’sphotointheannualreport;hisprominenceincompanypress releases;thelengthofhisWho’sWhoentry;thefrequencyofhisuseofthe firstpersonsingularininterviews;andtheratiosofhiscashandnon-cash compensationtothoseofthefirm’ssecond-highestpaid executive.Narcissismnaturallydrivespeopletoseekpositions ofpowerandinfluenceandbecausegreatself-esteemhelpsyourprofessional advancesaytheauthorschiefexecutiveswilltendonaveragetobemore narcissisticthanthegeneralpopulation.HowdoesthataffectafirmMessrs ChatterjeeandHambrickfoundthathighlynarcissisticbossestendedtomake biggerchangesintheuseofimportantresourcessuchasresearchand developmentorinspendingandleverage;theycarriedoutmoreandbigger mergersandacquisitions;andtheirresultswerebothmoreextrememorebig winsorbiglossesandmoretransientthanthoseoffirmsrunbytheirhumbler peers.Forshareholdersthatcouldbegoodorbad.Although oddlytheauthorsarekeepingtheirnarcissismrankingsecrettheyhave revealedthatMrEllisondidnotcometop.Alasforhimthatmaybebecausethe studylimiteditsefftopeoplewhobecamethebossafter1991--wellafterhe tookthehelm.IneveryrespectMrEllisonseemstobetheclassicnarcissistic bossclaimsMrChatterjee.Thereislifeintheoldjoke yet.ApracticalproblemwiththeIt’sallaboutmestudyisthat
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answer thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1.Text1 Thehistoryofthecomputerinthe twentiethcenturyisoneofdramaticadaptationandexpansion.Thecomputerhad modestbeginningsinareaswhereitwasusedasaspecialisttool.Thefirst electroniccomputerwasbuiltinthe1930sandwassolelyfortheuseof undergraduatestudentsinIowaStateUniversitytohandlemathematical computationsinnuclearphysics.Inthe1960sanearlyversionoftheInternet ARPPANETwasusedincomputerscienceandengineeringprojects.Howeveronly10 yearslatercomputerswerestartingtochangeourlifestylethewaywedo businessandmanyotherthingsandbythelate1980s’networkswereexpandingto embracesectionsofthegeneralpublic.Computerizationhas changedUShighschooleducationinmanyways.Threedifferentchangesthat considerbeingimportant.Thefirstistheuseofthecomputerasteachingaid forteachers.Thenextisthemassivedatastorageandfastdataretrieval facilitatedbycomputer.Thencomesthechangesbroughtaboutbythe introductionofsimulationsoftware.Howprevalentistheuseof computersinschools!Asrecentlyastheearly1980sonly20%ofsecondary scienceteachersintheUSAwereusingmicrocomputers.Howeversincethenhigh schoolsintheUShavecomputerizedrapidly.By1987schoolshadacquiredabout 1.5millioncomputerswith95%ofpublicschoolshavingatleastonecomputer. Computerscanbeusedasteachingaidsbothinschoolsandinhomes.Inschools forexampleteacherscanplugacomputerintoanespeciallyequippedoverhead projectortobringtextsgraphicssoundandvideosintoaclassroom.By thesemultimediacomputeranimationsteacherscanmorereadilyattractand retainstudents’attention.Annconcludesthatcomputeraidedteachingcan attractandmotivatestudentswhoweredroppingoutwhenmoretraditional methodswerebeingused.LetusnowturntotheInternet.This isaglobalnetworkconnectingmanylocalnetworks.OvertheInternethigh schoolstudentscanretrieveinformationanddatabasesfromeverynetworked libraryaroundtheworldinseconds.TheWorldWideWebprovidesaneasywayto accesshard-to-findinformation.Studentscannowreachanylibrarythroughthe globalnetworkandfindwhattheywant.Thefinalstepistodownloadthe scannedimage.Thoughtheslowtransmissionofsignalthroughthenetworkisa majorlimitingfactoritcanstillsaveusmuchtimeinfindinguseful informationandthusitisaninvaluabletooltobothhighschoolteachersand students.Thewordfacilitatedline3paragraph2isclosestinmeaningto
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Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Untilthelate1940swhentelevision beganfindingitswayintoAmericanhomescompaniesreliedmainlyonprintand radiotopromotetheirproductsandservices.Theadventoftelevision 1arevolutioninproductandservice.Between1949and1951 advertisingontelevisiongrew960percent.TodaytheInternetisonceagain 2promotion.Bygoingonlinecompaniescancommunicate instantlyanddirectlywithprospectivecustomers.3onthe WorldWideWebincludesadvertisingsponsorshipsandsalespromotions 4sweepstakescontestscouponsandrebates.In1996 WorldWideWebadvertisingrevenues5$300 million.Effectiveonlinemarketersdon’t6 transferhard-copyadstocyberspace.7sites blendpromotionalandnon-promotionalinformationindirectlydeliveringthe advertisingmessages.To8visitstotheirsitesandto createand9customerloyaltycompanieschangeinformation frequentlyandprovidemanyopportunitiesfor10 .Aprototypeforexcellent11 promotionistheRaguWebsite.Herevisitorscanfindthirty-six pastarecipestakeItalianlessonsandviewanItalianfilmfestival 12theywillfindnotraditionalads.13 subtleisthemixofproductandpromotionthatvisitorshardlyknow anadvertisingmessagehasbeen14.SegaofAmericamaker ofcomputergamesandhardwareusesitsWebsitefora15 ofdifferentpromotionssuchas16newgame characterstothepublicandsupplyingWebsurferstheopportunityto 17games.Sega’shomepageaverages250000visitsaday.To heighteninterestinthesiteSegaboughtanadvertisingbanneronNetscape 18increasingsitevisitsby15percent.Online19 inQuakerOats’GatoradepromotionreceivedafreeT-shirtinexchange foransweringafewquestions.QuakerOatsreportsthattheonlinepromotion createdproduct20andhelpedthecompanyknowits customersbetter.
Text3 ThehumanYchromosome--theDNAchunk thatmakesamanaman—haslostsomanygenesoverevolutionarytimethatsome scientistshavesuspecteditmightdisappearin10millionyears.Butanew studysaysit’llstickaround.Researchersfoundnosignofgene lossoverthepast6millionyearssuggestingthechromosomeisdoingapretty goodjobofmaintainingitselfsaidresearcherDavidPageoftheWhitehead InstituteforBiomedicalResearchinCambridgeMass.That agreeswithpriormathematicalcalculationsthatsuggestedtherateofgeneloss wouldslowasthechromosomeevolvedPageandstudyco-authorsnotein Thursday’sissueofthejournalNature.AndtheysayitclasheswithwhatPage calledtheimminentdemiseideathatsaystheYchromosomeisdoomedto extinction.TheYappeared300millionyearsagoandhassince erodedintoadinkychromosomebecauseitlacksthemechanismotherchromosomes havetogetridofdamagedDNA.Somutationshavedisabledhundredsofits originalgenescausingthemtobeshedasuseless.TheYnowcontainsonly27 genesorfamiliesofvirtuallyidenticalgenes.In2003Page reportedthatthemodern-dayYhasanunusualmechanismtofixabouthalfofits genesandprotectthemfromdisappearing.Buthesaidsomescientistsdisagreed withhisconclusion.ThenewpaperfocusesonaregionoftheYchromosomewhere genescan’tbefixedthatway.Researcherscomparedthehuman andchimpanzeeversionsofthisregion.Humansandchimpshavebeenevolving separatelyforabout6millionyearssoscientistsreasonedthatthe comparisonswouldrevealgenesthathavebecomedisabledinonespeciesorthe otherduringthattime.Theyfoundfivesuchgenesonthechimp chromosomebutnoneonthehumanchromosomeanimbalancePagecalled surprising.Itlooksliketherehasbeenlittleifanygenelossinourown specieslineageinthelast6millionyearsPagesaid.Thatcontradictsthe ideathatthehumanYchromosomehascontinuedtolosegenessofastit’ll disappearin10millionyearshesaid.Ithinkwecanwithconfidencedismiss ...the’imminentdemise’theoryPagesaid.JenniferA. MarshallGravesoftheAustralianNationalUniversityinCanberraagene researcherwhoarguesforeventualextinctionoftheYchromosomecalledPage’s workbeautifulbutsaiditdidn’tshakeherconvictionthattheYis doomed.TheonlyrealquestioniswhennotiftheYchromosome disappearsshesaid.Itcouldbealotshorterthan10millionyearsbutit couldbealotlongershesaid.TheYchromosomehasalready disappearedinsomeotheranimalsandthere’snoreasontoexpectitcan’t happentohumansshesaid.Ifithappenedinpeoplesomeotherchromosome wouldprobablytakeoverthesex-determiningroleoftheYshe said.Jenniferseemstobelievethat
A．津液 B．阳气 C．二者均是 D．二者均非
Text3 ThehumanYchromosome--theDNAchunk thatmakesamanaman—haslostsomanygenesoverevolutionarytimethatsome scientistshavesuspecteditmightdisappearin10millionyears.Butanew studysaysit’llstickaround.Researchersfoundnosignofgene lossoverthepast6millionyearssuggestingthechromosomeisdoingapretty goodjobofmaintainingitselfsaidresearcherDavidPageoftheWhitehead InstituteforBiomedicalResearchinCambridgeMass.That agreeswithpriormathematicalcalculationsthatsuggestedtherateofgeneloss wouldslowasthechromosomeevolvedPageandstudyco-authorsnotein Thursday’sissueofthejournalNature.AndtheysayitclasheswithwhatPage calledtheimminentdemiseideathatsaystheYchromosomeisdoomedto extinction.TheYappeared300millionyearsagoandhassince erodedintoadinkychromosomebecauseitlacksthemechanismotherchromosomes havetogetridofdamagedDNA.Somutationshavedisabledhundredsofits originalgenescausingthemtobeshedasuseless.TheYnowcontainsonly27 genesorfamiliesofvirtuallyidenticalgenes.In2003Page reportedthatthemodern-dayYhasanunusualmechanismtofixabouthalfofits genesandprotectthemfromdisappearing.Buthesaidsomescientistsdisagreed withhisconclusion.ThenewpaperfocusesonaregionoftheYchromosomewhere genescan’tbefixedthatway.Researcherscomparedthehuman andchimpanzeeversionsofthisregion.Humansandchimpshavebeenevolving separatelyforabout6millionyearssoscientistsreasonedthatthe comparisonswouldrevealgenesthathavebecomedisabledinonespeciesorthe otherduringthattime.Theyfoundfivesuchgenesonthechimp chromosomebutnoneonthehumanchromosomeanimbalancePagecalled surprising.Itlooksliketherehasbeenlittleifanygenelossinourown specieslineageinthelast6millionyearsPagesaid.Thatcontradictsthe ideathatthehumanYchromosomehascontinuedtolosegenessofastit’ll disappearin10millionyearshesaid.Ithinkwecanwithconfidencedismiss ...the’imminentdemise’theoryPagesaid.JenniferA. MarshallGravesoftheAustralianNationalUniversityinCanberraagene researcherwhoarguesforeventualextinctionoftheYchromosomecalledPage’s workbeautifulbutsaiditdidn’tshakeherconvictionthattheYis doomed.TheonlyrealquestioniswhennotiftheYchromosome disappearsshesaid.Itcouldbealotshorterthan10millionyearsbutit couldbealotlongershesaid.TheYchromosomehasalready disappearedinsomeotheranimalsandthere’snoreasontoexpectitcan’t happentohumansshesaid.Ifithappenedinpeoplesomeotherchromosome wouldprobablytakeoverthesex-determiningroleoftheYshe said.Pageseemstobelievethat
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Untilthelate1940swhentelevision beganfindingitswayintoAmericanhomescompaniesreliedmainlyonprintand radiotopromotetheirproductsandservices.Theadventoftelevision 1arevolutioninproductandservice.Between1949and1951 advertisingontelevisiongrew960percent.TodaytheInternetisonceagain 2promotion.Bygoingonlinecompaniescancommunicate instantlyanddirectlywithprospectivecustomers.3onthe WorldWideWebincludesadvertisingsponsorshipsandsalespromotions 4sweepstakescontestscouponsandrebates.In1996 WorldWideWebadvertisingrevenues5$300 million.Effectiveonlinemarketersdon’t6 transferhard-copyadstocyberspace.7sites blendpromotionalandnon-promotionalinformationindirectlydeliveringthe advertisingmessages.To8visitstotheirsitesandto createand9customerloyaltycompanieschangeinformation frequentlyandprovidemanyopportunitiesfor10 .Aprototypeforexcellent11 promotionistheRaguWebsite.Herevisitorscanfindthirty-six pastarecipestakeItalianlessonsandviewanItalianfilmfestival 12theywillfindnotraditionalads.13 subtleisthemixofproductandpromotionthatvisitorshardlyknow anadvertisingmessagehasbeen14.SegaofAmericamaker ofcomputergamesandhardwareusesitsWebsitefora15 ofdifferentpromotionssuchas16newgame characterstothepublicandsupplyingWebsurferstheopportunityto 17games.Sega’shomepageaverages250000visitsaday.To heighteninterestinthesiteSegaboughtanadvertisingbanneronNetscape 18increasingsitevisitsby15percent.Online19 inQuakerOats’GatoradepromotionreceivedafreeT-shirtinexchange foransweringafewquestions.QuakerOatsreportsthattheonlinepromotion createdproduct20andhelpedthecompanyknowits customersbetter.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Untilthelate1940swhentelevision beganfindingitswayintoAmericanhomescompaniesreliedmainlyonprintand radiotopromotetheirproductsandservices.Theadventoftelevision 1arevolutioninproductandservice.Between1949and1951 advertisingontelevisiongrew960percent.TodaytheInternetisonceagain 2promotion.Bygoingonlinecompaniescancommunicate instantlyanddirectlywithprospectivecustomers.3onthe WorldWideWebincludesadvertisingsponsorshipsandsalespromotions 4sweepstakescontestscouponsandrebates.In1996 WorldWideWebadvertisingrevenues5$300 million.Effectiveonlinemarketersdon’t6 transferhard-copyadstocyberspace.7sites blendpromotionalandnon-promotionalinformationindirectlydeliveringthe advertisingmessages.To8visitstotheirsitesandto createand9customerloyaltycompanieschangeinformation frequentlyandprovidemanyopportunitiesfor10 .Aprototypeforexcellent11 promotionistheRaguWebsite.Herevisitorscanfindthirty-six pastarecipestakeItalianlessonsandviewanItalianfilmfestival 12theywillfindnotraditionalads.13 subtleisthemixofproductandpromotionthatvisitorshardlyknow anadvertisingmessagehasbeen14.SegaofAmericamaker ofcomputergamesandhardwareusesitsWebsitefora15 ofdifferentpromotionssuchas16newgame characterstothepublicandsupplyingWebsurferstheopportunityto 17games.Sega’shomepageaverages250000visitsaday.To heighteninterestinthesiteSegaboughtanadvertisingbanneronNetscape 18increasingsitevisitsby15percent.Online19 inQuakerOats’GatoradepromotionreceivedafreeT-shirtinexchange foransweringafewquestions.QuakerOatsreportsthattheonlinepromotion createdproduct20andhelpedthecompanyknowits customersbetter.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Untilthelate1940swhentelevision beganfindingitswayintoAmericanhomescompaniesreliedmainlyonprintand radiotopromotetheirproductsandservices.Theadventoftelevision 1arevolutioninproductandservice.Between1949and1951 advertisingontelevisiongrew960percent.TodaytheInternetisonceagain 2promotion.Bygoingonlinecompaniescancommunicate instantlyanddirectlywithprospectivecustomers.3onthe WorldWideWebincludesadvertisingsponsorshipsandsalespromotions 4sweepstakescontestscouponsandrebates.In1996 WorldWideWebadvertisingrevenues5$300 million.Effectiveonlinemarketersdon’t6 transferhard-copyadstocyberspace.7sites blendpromotionalandnon-promotionalinformationindirectlydeliveringthe advertisingmessages.To8visitstotheirsitesandto createand9customerloyaltycompanieschangeinformation frequentlyandprovidemanyopportunitiesfor10 .Aprototypeforexcellent11 promotionistheRaguWebsite.Herevisitorscanfindthirty-six pastarecipestakeItalianlessonsandviewanItalianfilmfestival 12theywillfindnotraditionalads.13 subtleisthemixofproductandpromotionthatvisitorshardlyknow anadvertisingmessagehasbeen14.SegaofAmericamaker ofcomputergamesandhardwareusesitsWebsitefora15 ofdifferentpromotionssuchas16newgame characterstothepublicandsupplyingWebsurferstheopportunityto 17games.Sega’shomepageaverages250000visitsaday.To heighteninterestinthesiteSegaboughtanadvertisingbanneronNetscape 18increasingsitevisitsby15percent.Online19 inQuakerOats’GatoradepromotionreceivedafreeT-shirtinexchange foransweringafewquestions.QuakerOatsreportsthattheonlinepromotion createdproduct20andhelpedthecompanyknowits customersbetter.
A．津液 B．阳气 C．二者均是 D．二者均非
Text2 WHAT’SthedifferencebetweenGodand LarryEllisonasksanoldsoftwareindustryjoke.Answer:Goddoesn’tthink he’sLarryEllison.ThebossofOracleishardlyaloneamongcorporatechiefsin havingareputationforbeingratherkeenonhimself.Indeed’untilthebubble burstandthepublicturnednastyatthestartofthedecadethecultofthe celebritychiefexecutiveseemedtodemandbosslynarcissismasevidencethata firmwasbeingledbyanall-conqueringhero.Narcissusmeta nastyendofcourse.Andinrecentyearsboss-worshiphascometobeseenas badforbusiness.InhismanagementbestsellerGoodtoGreatJimCollins arguedthatthetrulysuccessfulbosseswerenottheserf-proclaimedstarswho adornthecoversofForbesandFortunebutinsteadself-effacingthoughtful monkishsortswholeadbyinspiringexample.Astatistical answermaybeathand.ForthefirsttimeanewstudyIt’sAllAboutMeto bepresentednextweekattheannualgatheringoftheAmericanAcademyof Managementoffersasystematicempiricalanalysisofwhateffect narcissisticbosseshaveonthefirmstheyrun.TheauthorsArijitChatterjee andDonaldHambrickofPennsylvaniaStateUniversityexaminednarcissismin theupperlevelsof105firmsinthecomputerandsoftwareindustries. Todothistheybadtosolveapracticalproblem:studiesofnarcissism havehithertoreliedonsurveyingindividualspersonallysomethingfor whichfewchiefexecutivesarelikelytohavetimeorinclination.Sothe authorsdevisedanindexofnarcissismusingsixpubliclyavailableindicators obtainablewithouttheco-operationoftheboss.Theseare:theprominenceof theboss’sphotointheannualreport;hisprominenceincompanypress releases;thelengthofhisWho’sWhoentry;thefrequencyofhisuseofthe firstpersonsingularininterviews;andtheratiosofhiscashandnon-cash compensationtothoseofthefirm’ssecond-highestpaid executive.Narcissismnaturallydrivespeopletoseekpositions ofpowerandinfluenceandbecausegreatself-esteemhelpsyourprofessional advancesaytheauthorschiefexecutiveswilltendonaveragetobemore narcissisticthanthegeneralpopulation.HowdoesthataffectafirmMessrs ChatterjeeandHambrickfoundthathighlynarcissisticbossestendedtomake biggerchangesintheuseofimportantresourcessuchasresearchand developmentorinspendingandleverage;theycarriedoutmoreandbigger mergersandacquisitions;andtheirresultswerebothmoreextrememorebig winsorbiglossesandmoretransientthanthoseoffirmsrunbytheirhumbler peers.Forshareholdersthatcouldbegoodorbad.Although oddlytheauthorsarekeepingtheirnarcissismrankingsecrettheyhave revealedthatMrEllisondidnotcometop.Alasforhimthatmaybebecausethe studylimiteditsefftopeoplewhobecamethebossafter1991--wellafterhe tookthehelm.IneveryrespectMrEllisonseemstobetheclassicnarcissistic bossclaimsMrChatterjee.Thereislifeintheoldjoke yet.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat
Text2 WHAT’SthedifferencebetweenGodand LarryEllisonasksanoldsoftwareindustryjoke.Answer:Goddoesn’tthink he’sLarryEllison.ThebossofOracleishardlyaloneamongcorporatechiefsin havingareputationforbeingratherkeenonhimself.Indeed’untilthebubble burstandthepublicturnednastyatthestartofthedecadethecultofthe celebritychiefexecutiveseemedtodemandbosslynarcissismasevidencethata firmwasbeingledbyanall-conqueringhero.Narcissusmeta nastyendofcourse.Andinrecentyearsboss-worshiphascometobeseenas badforbusiness.InhismanagementbestsellerGoodtoGreatJimCollins arguedthatthetrulysuccessfulbosseswerenottheserf-proclaimedstarswho adornthecoversofForbesandFortunebutinsteadself-effacingthoughtful monkishsortswholeadbyinspiringexample.Astatistical answermaybeathand.ForthefirsttimeanewstudyIt’sAllAboutMeto bepresentednextweekattheannualgatheringoftheAmericanAcademyof Managementoffersasystematicempiricalanalysisofwhateffect narcissisticbosseshaveonthefirmstheyrun.TheauthorsArijitChatterjee andDonaldHambrickofPennsylvaniaStateUniversityexaminednarcissismin theupperlevelsof105firmsinthecomputerandsoftwareindustries. Todothistheybadtosolveapracticalproblem:studiesofnarcissism havehithertoreliedonsurveyingindividualspersonallysomethingfor whichfewchiefexecutivesarelikelytohavetimeorinclination.Sothe authorsdevisedanindexofnarcissismusingsixpubliclyavailableindicators obtainablewithouttheco-operationoftheboss.Theseare:theprominenceof theboss’sphotointheannualreport;hisprominenceincompanypress releases;thelengthofhisWho’sWhoentry;thefrequencyofhisuseofthe firstpersonsingularininterviews;andtheratiosofhiscashandnon-cash compensationtothoseofthefirm’ssecond-highestpaid executive.Narcissismnaturallydrivespeopletoseekpositions ofpowerandinfluenceandbecausegreatself-esteemhelpsyourprofessional advancesaytheauthorschiefexecutiveswilltendonaveragetobemore narcissisticthanthegeneralpopulation.HowdoesthataffectafirmMessrs ChatterjeeandHambrickfoundthathighlynarcissisticbossestendedtomake biggerchangesintheuseofimportantresourcessuchasresearchand developmentorinspendingandleverage;theycarriedoutmoreandbigger mergersandacquisitions;andtheirresultswerebothmoreextrememorebig winsorbiglossesandmoretransientthanthoseoffirmsrunbytheirhumbler peers.Forshareholdersthatcouldbegoodorbad.Although oddlytheauthorsarekeepingtheirnarcissismrankingsecrettheyhave revealedthatMrEllisondidnotcometop.Alasforhimthatmaybebecausethe studylimiteditsefftopeoplewhobecamethebossafter1991--wellafterhe tookthehelm.IneveryrespectMrEllisonseemstobetheclassicnarcissistic bossclaimsMrChatterjee.Thereislifeintheoldjoke yet.Theoldsoftwareindustryjokeisusedinthetextto
A．津液 B．阳气 C．二者均是 D．二者均非
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Untilthelate1940swhentelevision beganfindingitswayintoAmericanhomescompaniesreliedmainlyonprintand radiotopromotetheirproductsandservices.Theadventoftelevision 1arevolutioninproductandservice.Between1949and1951 advertisingontelevisiongrew960percent.TodaytheInternetisonceagain 2promotion.Bygoingonlinecompaniescancommunicate instantlyanddirectlywithprospectivecustomers.3onthe WorldWideWebincludesadvertisingsponsorshipsandsalespromotions 4sweepstakescontestscouponsandrebates.In1996 WorldWideWebadvertisingrevenues5$300 million.Effectiveonlinemarketersdon’t6 transferhard-copyadstocyberspace.7sites blendpromotionalandnon-promotionalinformationindirectlydeliveringthe advertisingmessages.To8visitstotheirsitesandto createand9customerloyaltycompanieschangeinformation frequentlyandprovidemanyopportunitiesfor10 .Aprototypeforexcellent11 promotionistheRaguWebsite.Herevisitorscanfindthirty-six pastarecipestakeItalianlessonsandviewanItalianfilmfestival 12theywillfindnotraditionalads.13 subtleisthemixofproductandpromotionthatvisitorshardlyknow anadvertisingmessagehasbeen14.SegaofAmericamaker ofcomputergamesandhardwareusesitsWebsitefora15 ofdifferentpromotionssuchas16newgame characterstothepublicandsupplyingWebsurferstheopportunityto 17games.Sega’shomepageaverages250000visitsaday.To heighteninterestinthesiteSegaboughtanadvertisingbanneronNetscape 18increasingsitevisitsby15percent.Online19 inQuakerOats’GatoradepromotionreceivedafreeT-shirtinexchange foransweringafewquestions.QuakerOatsreportsthattheonlinepromotion createdproduct20andhelpedthecompanyknowits customersbetter.
A．津液 B．阳气 C．二者均是 D．二者均非
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Untilthelate1940swhentelevision beganfindingitswayintoAmericanhomescompaniesreliedmainlyonprintand radiotopromotetheirproductsandservices.Theadventoftelevision 1arevolutioninproductandservice.Between1949and1951 advertisingontelevisiongrew960percent.TodaytheInternetisonceagain 2promotion.Bygoingonlinecompaniescancommunicate instantlyanddirectlywithprospectivecustomers.3onthe WorldWideWebincludesadvertisingsponsorshipsandsalespromotions 4sweepstakescontestscouponsandrebates.In1996 WorldWideWebadvertisingrevenues5$300 million.Effectiveonlinemarketersdon’t6 transferhard-copyadstocyberspace.7sites blendpromotionalandnon-promotionalinformationindirectlydeliveringthe advertisingmessages.To8visitstotheirsitesandto createand9customerloyaltycompanieschangeinformation frequentlyandprovidemanyopportunitiesfor10 .Aprototypeforexcellent11 promotionistheRaguWebsite.Herevisitorscanfindthirty-six pastarecipestakeItalianlessonsandviewanItalianfilmfestival 12theywillfindnotraditionalads.13 subtleisthemixofproductandpromotionthatvisitorshardlyknow anadvertisingmessagehasbeen14.SegaofAmericamaker ofcomputergamesandhardwareusesitsWebsitefora15 ofdifferentpromotionssuchas16newgame characterstothepublicandsupplyingWebsurferstheopportunityto 17games.Sega’shomepageaverages250000visitsaday.To heighteninterestinthesiteSegaboughtanadvertisingbanneronNetscape 18increasingsitevisitsby15percent.Online19 inQuakerOats’GatoradepromotionreceivedafreeT-shirtinexchange foransweringafewquestions.QuakerOatsreportsthattheonlinepromotion createdproduct20andhelpedthecompanyknowits customersbetter.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Untilthelate1940swhentelevision beganfindingitswayintoAmericanhomescompaniesreliedmainlyonprintand radiotopromotetheirproductsandservices.Theadventoftelevision 1arevolutioninproductandservice.Between1949and1951 advertisingontelevisiongrew960percent.TodaytheInternetisonceagain 2promotion.Bygoingonlinecompaniescancommunicate instantlyanddirectlywithprospectivecustomers.3onthe WorldWideWebincludesadvertisingsponsorshipsandsalespromotions 4sweepstakescontestscouponsandrebates.In1996 WorldWideWebadvertisingrevenues5$300 million.Effectiveonlinemarketersdon’t6 transferhard-copyadstocyberspace.7sites blendpromotionalandnon-promotionalinformationindirectlydeliveringthe advertisingmessages.To8visitstotheirsitesandto createand9customerloyaltycompanieschangeinformation frequentlyandprovidemanyopportunitiesfor10 .Aprototypeforexcellent11 promotionistheRaguWebsite.Herevisitorscanfindthirty-six pastarecipestakeItalianlessonsandviewanItalianfilmfestival 12theywillfindnotraditionalads.13 subtleisthemixofproductandpromotionthatvisitorshardlyknow anadvertisingmessagehasbeen14.SegaofAmericamaker ofcomputergamesandhardwareusesitsWebsitefora15 ofdifferentpromotionssuchas16newgame characterstothepublicandsupplyingWebsurferstheopportunityto 17games.Sega’shomepageaverages250000visitsaday.To heighteninterestinthesiteSegaboughtanadvertisingbanneronNetscape 18increasingsitevisitsby15percent.Online19 inQuakerOats’GatoradepromotionreceivedafreeT-shirtinexchange foransweringafewquestions.QuakerOatsreportsthattheonlinepromotion createdproduct20andhelpedthecompanyknowits customersbetter.
A．津液 B．阳气 C．二者均是 D．二者均非
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answer thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1.Text1 Thehistoryofthecomputerinthe twentiethcenturyisoneofdramaticadaptationandexpansion.Thecomputerhad modestbeginningsinareaswhereitwasusedasaspecialisttool.Thefirst electroniccomputerwasbuiltinthe1930sandwassolelyfortheuseof undergraduatestudentsinIowaStateUniversitytohandlemathematical computationsinnuclearphysics.Inthe1960sanearlyversionoftheInternet ARPPANETwasusedincomputerscienceandengineeringprojects.Howeveronly10 yearslatercomputerswerestartingtochangeourlifestylethewaywedo businessandmanyotherthingsandbythelate1980s’networkswereexpandingto embracesectionsofthegeneralpublic.Computerizationhas changedUShighschooleducationinmanyways.Threedifferentchangesthat considerbeingimportant.Thefirstistheuseofthecomputerasteachingaid forteachers.Thenextisthemassivedatastorageandfastdataretrieval facilitatedbycomputer.Thencomesthechangesbroughtaboutbythe introductionofsimulationsoftware.Howprevalentistheuseof computersinschools!Asrecentlyastheearly1980sonly20%ofsecondary scienceteachersintheUSAwereusingmicrocomputers.Howeversincethenhigh schoolsintheUShavecomputerizedrapidly.By1987schoolshadacquiredabout 1.5millioncomputerswith95%ofpublicschoolshavingatleastonecomputer. Computerscanbeusedasteachingaidsbothinschoolsandinhomes.Inschools forexampleteacherscanplugacomputerintoanespeciallyequippedoverhead projectortobringtextsgraphicssoundandvideosintoaclassroom.By thesemultimediacomputeranimationsteacherscanmorereadilyattractand retainstudents’attention.Annconcludesthatcomputeraidedteachingcan attractandmotivatestudentswhoweredroppingoutwhenmoretraditional methodswerebeingused.LetusnowturntotheInternet.This isaglobalnetworkconnectingmanylocalnetworks.OvertheInternethigh schoolstudentscanretrieveinformationanddatabasesfromeverynetworked libraryaroundtheworldinseconds.TheWorldWideWebprovidesaneasywayto accesshard-to-findinformation.Studentscannowreachanylibrarythroughthe globalnetworkandfindwhattheywant.Thefinalstepistodownloadthe scannedimage.Thoughtheslowtransmissionofsignalthroughthenetworkisa majorlimitingfactoritcanstillsaveusmuchtimeinfindinguseful informationandthusitisaninvaluabletooltobothhighschoolteachersand students.AccordingtothepassagethemajoradvantageoftheInternetis
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Untilthelate1940swhentelevision beganfindingitswayintoAmericanhomescompaniesreliedmainlyonprintand radiotopromotetheirproductsandservices.Theadventoftelevision 1arevolutioninproductandservice.Between1949and1951 advertisingontelevisiongrew960percent.TodaytheInternetisonceagain 2promotion.Bygoingonlinecompaniescancommunicate instantlyanddirectlywithprospectivecustomers.3onthe WorldWideWebincludesadvertisingsponsorshipsandsalespromotions 4sweepstakescontestscouponsandrebates.In1996 WorldWideWebadvertisingrevenues5$300 million.Effectiveonlinemarketersdon’t6 transferhard-copyadstocyberspace.7sites blendpromotionalandnon-promotionalinformationindirectlydeliveringthe advertisingmessages.To8visitstotheirsitesandto createand9customerloyaltycompanieschangeinformation frequentlyandprovidemanyopportunitiesfor10 .Aprototypeforexcellent11 promotionistheRaguWebsite.Herevisitorscanfindthirty-six pastarecipestakeItalianlessonsandviewanItalianfilmfestival 12theywillfindnotraditionalads.13 subtleisthemixofproductandpromotionthatvisitorshardlyknow anadvertisingmessagehasbeen14.SegaofAmericamaker ofcomputergamesandhardwareusesitsWebsitefora15 ofdifferentpromotionssuchas16newgame characterstothepublicandsupplyingWebsurferstheopportunityto 17games.Sega’shomepageaverages250000visitsaday.To heighteninterestinthesiteSegaboughtanadvertisingbanneronNetscape 18increasingsitevisitsby15percent.Online19 inQuakerOats’GatoradepromotionreceivedafreeT-shirtinexchange foransweringafewquestions.QuakerOatsreportsthattheonlinepromotion createdproduct20andhelpedthecompanyknowits customersbetter.
为什么下利气者当利其小便
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Untilthelate1940swhentelevision beganfindingitswayintoAmericanhomescompaniesreliedmainlyonprintand radiotopromotetheirproductsandservices.Theadventoftelevision 1arevolutioninproductandservice.Between1949and1951 advertisingontelevisiongrew960percent.TodaytheInternetisonceagain 2promotion.Bygoingonlinecompaniescancommunicate instantlyanddirectlywithprospectivecustomers.3onthe WorldWideWebincludesadvertisingsponsorshipsandsalespromotions 4sweepstakescontestscouponsandrebates.In1996 WorldWideWebadvertisingrevenues5$300 million.Effectiveonlinemarketersdon’t6 transferhard-copyadstocyberspace.7sites blendpromotionalandnon-promotionalinformationindirectlydeliveringthe advertisingmessages.To8visitstotheirsitesandto createand9customerloyaltycompanieschangeinformation frequentlyandprovidemanyopportunitiesfor10 .Aprototypeforexcellent11 promotionistheRaguWebsite.Herevisitorscanfindthirty-six pastarecipestakeItalianlessonsandviewanItalianfilmfestival 12theywillfindnotraditionalads.13 subtleisthemixofproductandpromotionthatvisitorshardlyknow anadvertisingmessagehasbeen14.SegaofAmericamaker ofcomputergamesandhardwareusesitsWebsitefora15 ofdifferentpromotionssuchas16newgame characterstothepublicandsupplyingWebsurferstheopportunityto 17games.Sega’shomepageaverages250000visitsaday.To heighteninterestinthesiteSegaboughtanadvertisingbanneronNetscape 18increasingsitevisitsby15percent.Online19 inQuakerOats’GatoradepromotionreceivedafreeT-shirtinexchange foransweringafewquestions.QuakerOatsreportsthattheonlinepromotion createdproduct20andhelpedthecompanyknowits customersbetter.
趺蹶
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Untilthelate1940swhentelevision beganfindingitswayintoAmericanhomescompaniesreliedmainlyonprintand radiotopromotetheirproductsandservices.Theadventoftelevision 1arevolutioninproductandservice.Between1949and1951 advertisingontelevisiongrew960percent.TodaytheInternetisonceagain 2promotion.Bygoingonlinecompaniescancommunicate instantlyanddirectlywithprospectivecustomers.3onthe WorldWideWebincludesadvertisingsponsorshipsandsalespromotions 4sweepstakescontestscouponsandrebates.In1996 WorldWideWebadvertisingrevenues5$300 million.Effectiveonlinemarketersdon’t6 transferhard-copyadstocyberspace.7sites blendpromotionalandnon-promotionalinformationindirectlydeliveringthe advertisingmessages.To8visitstotheirsitesandto createand9customerloyaltycompanieschangeinformation frequentlyandprovidemanyopportunitiesfor10 .Aprototypeforexcellent11 promotionistheRaguWebsite.Herevisitorscanfindthirty-six pastarecipestakeItalianlessonsandviewanItalianfilmfestival 12theywillfindnotraditionalads.13 subtleisthemixofproductandpromotionthatvisitorshardlyknow anadvertisingmessagehasbeen14.SegaofAmericamaker ofcomputergamesandhardwareusesitsWebsitefora15 ofdifferentpromotionssuchas16newgame characterstothepublicandsupplyingWebsurferstheopportunityto 17games.Sega’shomepageaverages250000visitsaday.To heighteninterestinthesiteSegaboughtanadvertisingbanneronNetscape 18increasingsitevisitsby15percent.Online19 inQuakerOats’GatoradepromotionreceivedafreeT-shirtinexchange foransweringafewquestions.QuakerOatsreportsthattheonlinepromotion createdproduct20andhelpedthecompanyknowits customersbetter.
Text4 LASTmonthAmerica’sNationalLaw Journaltolditsreadersthatemploymentlawyersarewarninglovestruck co-workerstotakeprecautionsintheofficebeforelockinglipsoutside.The advicecametoolateforHarryStonecipher.ThebossofBoeingwasforcedto resignlastweekend—forreasonsthatwillstrikemanyoutsidersasabsurd—after hisboardweretoldofanaffairthatthe68-year-oldmarriedmanhadbeen conductingwithafemaleemployeewhodidnotreportdirectlyto himInevitablyastheweekrolledondetailsoftheaffair rolledout.Theotherpartywasre2portedtobeDebraPeabodywhoisunmarried andhasworkedforBoeingfor25years.Thecoupleweresaidtohavefirstgot togetheratBoeing’sannualretreatatPalmDesertCaliforniainJanuary.After thatmuchoftheaffairmusthavebeenconductedfromadistance:Mr. Stonecipher’sofficeisatBoeing’sheadquartersinChicago;MsPeabodyrunsthe firm’sgovernment-relationsofficeinWashingtonDC.Theyexchangede-mailsit seemsasofficeloverstendtodothesedaysandthereinprobablylayMr Stonecipher’sdownfallLewisPlattBoeing’schairmansaidthat MrStonecipherbrokeacompanyrulethatsays:Employeeswillnotengagein conductoractivitythatmayraisequestionsastothecompany’shonesty impartialityreputationorotherwisecauseembarrassmenttothecompany. Havinganaffairwithafellowemployeeisnotofitselfagainstcompany rules;causingembarrassmenttoBoeingis.Itseemsthattheboardjudgedthat thecontentsofthelovers’e-mailswouldhavebeenbadforBoeinghadtheybeen madepublic.Gonearethedayswhenaboardconsideredsuchmattersnoneofits businessasCitibank’sdidin1991whenitsbossJohnReedbecamethetalkof WailStreetforhavinganaffairwithastewardessonCiti’scorporate jet.AtBoeingawhistleblowerissaidtohaveforwardedthe messagestoMrPlatt.Ingenerale-mailsareencryptedandnotaccessibleto anyonewhodoesnotknowthesender’spassword.Butmanyfirmsinstall softwaredesignedtosearchelectroniccommunicationsforkeywordssuchas sexandCEO.Astudylastyearof840AmericanfirmsbytheAmerican ManagementAssociationfoundthat60%ofthemcheckexternale-mailsincoming andoutgoingwhile27%scrutinizeinternalmessagesbetweenemployees. Sweetnothingswhisperedbythewatercoolermaytravellessfarthesedaysthan electronicbilletsdoux.Boeingisparticularlysensitiveto embarrassmentatthemoment.Mr.Stonecipherwasrecalledfromretirementonly 15monthsagoafterthecompany’spreviousbossPhilConditanditschief financialofficerMichaelSearshadleftinthewakeofascandalinvolvingan illegaljoboffertoaPentagonofficial.MrStoneciphera crustyformernumbertwoatBoeingwasbroughtbackspecificallytoraisethe company’sethicalstandardsandtohelpitbeseeninitsmainandaffectedly puritanicalmarketinWashingtonDCassqueakyclean.Verbally explicitextra-maritalaffairsareinconsistentwithsuchastrategyitseems thoughtheyarenotyetenoughtobringdownfuturekingsofEngland. Incorporatelifesuchaffairsarehardlyunusual.Onesurveyfoundthat one-quarterofalllong-termrelationshipsstartatwork;anotherfoundthat over40%ofexecutivessaytheyhavebeeninvolvedinanaffairwitha colleagueandthatinhaftofthesecasesoneorotherpartywasmarriedatthe time.Manyabosshasmarriedhisassistantandlivedhappilyeverafter.Boeing apparentlyusedtoacceptthis:Mr.Condit’sfourthwifewasacolleaguebefore theymarried.Mr.Stonecipherhadtoleavehisjobbecause
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