首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置：
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
国家统考科目《单选题》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
热门试题
更多
Directions: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. Beingagoodparentishardernowthatithaseverbeenbefore.Inpressurizedmodernlivesdemandstobeafulfilledindividualandagoodpartnerandagoodworkertakenoaccountofbeingagoodparent.46Wehaven’tleftspaceforthenurturingparentstocarefortheirchildrenandprovidethekindofcarethattheirchildrenneedresultinginthefactthatmanyfamiliesinthewesternworldjustdon’twork. Mostofushaveabitofyearningforatablefullofchildrendescendingneatlyinsizetheolderoneshelpingtheyoungerones.Let’scontrolournostalgia:that"traditionalfamily"hadmanyfaultsnotleastintherolesitimposedonfemales.47Theproblemisthatinthelastgenerationorsowe’vecometoassumethatwomenshouldbeableandwanttodoeverythingthatbothmenandwomenhavedonebytradition.Andit’sjustnotpossible.Indeedsinceadoptingamaleagendainlifeisprobablyonlyanotherformofthetraditionalethicsthatmenaresuperiortowomenquiteanumberofhighlyeducatedandeconomicallyprivilegedwomenarenowoptingtotakecareerbreakssoastobeathomewiththeirchildrenforlongerthanthe18weeks. Havingchildren--especiallythefirstchild--putsabiggerstrainonacouple’srelationshipthananythingelsetheyeverdo.48Facingtheever-enormousstresscausedbythekidssomewhostaytogetheremergestrongerandricherbutnumerouscouplesneverrecoverfromthestrain.Parentsareoftendividedatmanyaspectsofchildnurturingsuchasearlyeducationandhabitforming.49Soafutureofsmallerfamiliesandmorepeoplechoosingnottohavechildrenatallcouldwellleavecouplescloserthantheyaretoday;formanythepurposeofbeingtogetherwouldbesolelytopleasureandsupporteachother--aninterestingprospect.Let’shopepeopleinthefuturewillonlyhavechildreniftheyreallywantthem.Andthatshouldmeansomethingthatisseenasamuchmorepositivecommitmentthanitisnowandthatparentsaresociallysupportedandadmiredfordoingagoodjob. 50Thewholepointofmarriageisthatitimposesclearobligationsnotjusttherighttopursueyourownhappinessthemainpartofwhichistoprovidebothemotionalandpracticalnurtureforchildren.Childrendemandsacrificeandaltruismalong-terminvestmentofparentaltimeandmoney.Ofcoursethehighestrewardthatparentsexpectistoseetheirchildrendevelopandbecomeusefultalentsforthesociety. Theproblemisthatinthelastgenerationorsowe’vecometoassumethatwomenshouldbeableandwanttodoeverythingthatbothmenandwomenhavedonebytradition.
IfAmericaninvestorshavelearnedanylessoninthelast25yearsitistobuysharesonthedips.Theslidein2000--2002mayhavebeenlongeranddeeperthantheywereusedtobutnormalservicewaseventuallyresumeddrivingtheDowJonesIndustrialAveragetoarecordhighonOctober1st. AmongAmericanfinancialcommentatorsitisalmostuniversallyacceptedthatsharesalwaysriseoverthelongrun.Andoneoughttoexpectshareswhichareriskytodeliverahigherreturnthanriskfreeassetssuchasgovernmentbonds. Neverthelessinvestorsoughtalsotoremembertheworld’ssecondlargesteconomyJapan.Itsmostpopularstock-marketaveragetheNikkei225peakedat38915onthelasttradingdayofthe1980s;thisweeknearly18yearslateritisstillonlyaround17000lessthanhalfitspeak.Buyingonthedipsdidnotworkeither. ProfessionalsoftheLondonBusinessSchoolexaminedtherecordof16stockmarketswhichwereincontinuousoperationoverthecourseofthe20thcentury.InitselfthisselectionshowedsurvivorshipbiasbyexcludingthelikesofRussiaandChina.TheacademiesfoundthatonlythreeothercountriescouldmatchtheAmericanrecordofhavingno20-yearperiodswithnegativerealreturns. Otherinvestorswerefarlesslucky.JapaneseFrenchGermanandSpanishinvestorsallsufferedinstanceswheretheyhadtowait50--60yearstoearnapositiverealreturn.Itwasnogoodfollowingthefamousadviceto"putthesharesinadrawerandforgetaboutthem";thefurniturewouldnothavelastedthatlong. Besidessurvivorshipbiasthereisanotherproblemwiththebeliefthatstockmarketsmustalwaysgoup.Investorswillkeepbuyinguntilpricesreachstratospheric稳定的levels.ThatclearlyhappenedinJapaninthelate1980sandaftersevenyearsitisstillnotmuchmorethanhalfitspeaklevel. Asignificantproportionofthereturnfromequitiesinthesecondhalfofthe20上标thcenturycamefromare-ratingofshares;investorswerewillingtopayahighermultipleforprofits.Butre-ratingcannotcontinueforever. IfinvestorswantasimpleparallelwithsharepricestheyneedonlymmtotheAmericanhousingmarket.Backin2005aneconomicadvisertothepresidentsaid"We’veneverhadadeclineinhousingpricesonanationwidebasis.WhatIthinkismorelikelyisthathousepriceswillslowmaybestabilize." Lotsofpeopletookthesameviewandwerewillingtoborrowandlendonavastscaleonthegroundsthathigherhousepriceswouldalwaysbailthemout.Theyarenowcountingtheirlosses.Investorsinequitiesshouldbewareofover-committingthemselvesonthebasisofasimilarbeliefJustasktheJapanese. Itcanbeinterredfromthetextthatintherecenttwodecadesthesharepricesof
WhatdoesthefutureholdfortheproblemofhousingAgood1dependsofcourseonthemeaningof"future".Ifoneisthinkingin2ofsciencefictionandthespaceage3atleastpossibletoassumethatmanwillhavesolvedsuchtrivialandearthlyproblemsashousing.Writersofsciencefictionhave4thesuggestionthatmenwillliveingreatcomfortwithevery5devicetomakelifesmoothhealthyandeasy6nothappy.Buttheyhavenotsaidwhathishousewillbemadeof. Theproblemsofthenextgenerationortwocanmorereadilybeimagined.Scientistshavealreadypointedoutthat7somethingisdoneeithertorestricttheworld’srapidgrowthinpopulationortodiscoveranddevelopnewsourcesoffoodorbothmillionsofpeoplewillbedyingofstarvationor8sufferingfromunderfeedingbeforethis9isout.Butnobodyhasworkedoutanyplanforhousingthesegrowingpopulations.Admittedlytheworsesituationswilloccurinthe10partsoftheworldwherehousingcanbeoflightstructureorinbackwardareaswherestandardsare11low.Buteventheminimumshelterrequiresmaterialsof12kindandinthecrowdedbulgingtownsthelow-standard"housing"offlattenedpetrolmansanddirtycanvasisfarmorewasteful13groundspacethancanbetolerated. SincethewarHongKonghassufferedthekindofcrisiswhichislikelyto14inmanyotherplacesduringthenextgeneration.15millionsofrefugeesarrivedto16thealreadygrowingpopulationandemergencystepshadtobetakentopreventsqualoranddiseaseandthe17ofcrime.HongKongisonlyonesmallpartofwhatwillcertainlybecomeavastproblemandnot18ahousingproblembecausewhenpopulationgrowsatthisratethereare19problemsofeducationtransportwatersupplyandsoon.NoteveryareamayhavethesameresourcesasHongKongto20andthesearchforquickerandcheapermethodsofconstructionmustnevercease. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
WhatdoesthefutureholdfortheproblemofhousingAgood1dependsofcourseonthemeaningof"future".Ifoneisthinkingin2ofsciencefictionandthespaceage3atleastpossibletoassumethatmanwillhavesolvedsuchtrivialandearthlyproblemsashousing.Writersofsciencefictionhave4thesuggestionthatmenwillliveingreatcomfortwithevery5devicetomakelifesmoothhealthyandeasy6nothappy.Buttheyhavenotsaidwhathishousewillbemadeof. Theproblemsofthenextgenerationortwocanmorereadilybeimagined.Scientistshavealreadypointedoutthat7somethingisdoneeithertorestricttheworld’srapidgrowthinpopulationortodiscoveranddevelopnewsourcesoffoodorbothmillionsofpeoplewillbedyingofstarvationor8sufferingfromunderfeedingbeforethis9isout.Butnobodyhasworkedoutanyplanforhousingthesegrowingpopulations.Admittedlytheworsesituationswilloccurinthe10partsoftheworldwherehousingcanbeoflightstructureorinbackwardareaswherestandardsare11low.Buteventheminimumshelterrequiresmaterialsof12kindandinthecrowdedbulgingtownsthelow-standard"housing"offlattenedpetrolmansanddirtycanvasisfarmorewasteful13groundspacethancanbetolerated. SincethewarHongKonghassufferedthekindofcrisiswhichislikelyto14inmanyotherplacesduringthenextgeneration.15millionsofrefugeesarrivedto16thealreadygrowingpopulationandemergencystepshadtobetakentopreventsqualoranddiseaseandthe17ofcrime.HongKongisonlyonesmallpartofwhatwillcertainlybecomeavastproblemandnot18ahousingproblembecausewhenpopulationgrowsatthisratethereare19problemsofeducationtransportwatersupplyandsoon.NoteveryareamayhavethesameresourcesasHongKongto20andthesearchforquickerandcheapermethodsofconstructionmustnevercease. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.9
Directions: YobuhavearrangedteapartyandhaveinvitedyourfriendTom/Mary.Butnowyouhavesomethingurgentandyouhavetoputtheteapartyoffandsetanewdate.ThenyouhavetowriteanotetoTom/Marytoapologizeandarrangeanotherdate. Imaginesomedetailsaboutthereasonandthenewarrangement.Writeyournoteinnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2. Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use"LiMing"instead. Donotwritetheaddress.
Directions: Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41--45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA--Gtofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.[ A]Butsoonthesettlerswantedbiggerfarmsandmorelandforthemselvesandtheirfamilies.MoreandmoreimmigrantswerecomingfromEuropeandallthesepeopleneededland.SotheEuropeansstartedtotakethelandfromtheIndians.TheIndianshadtomovebackintothecenterofthecontinentbecausethesettlersweretakingalltheirland. [B]By1857theIndianshadlostthefight:theywerelivinginspecialplacescalled"reservations".ButevenheretheWhiteMantooklandfromthem--perhapshewantedthewoodorperhapsthelandhadimportantmineralsinitorheevenwantedtomakenationalparksthere.SoevenontheirreservationstheIndianswerenotsafefromtheWhiteMan.Between1500and1900theIndianpopulationoftheareathatisnowtheUnitedStatesdeclinedfromcloseto1000000to300000.andforthoseremainedtheagonywasgreat.Manywereforcedtotakelandinnewandstrangeplaces.Theywereintroducedtonewtoolsimplementsandtechniques.Theywereforcedtoabandontheiroldwayoflife. [C]In1960sIndiansmovedingreatnumberstothenation’scities.ManyIndiansmovedintopovertyrows.Itwashardforthemtofindjobs.Itwashard--almostimpossible--tocompetewiththeWhiteManinthewhiteman’sworld.ManyIndiansreturnedtothereservations.Butifthereservationshadbeenbrokenuptherewasnoplacetogo.ThegapbetweenIndianAmericanandwhiteAmericanwasgrowingwider. [D]ThenativeAmericansthepeoplewecallthe"Indians"hadbeeninAmericaformanythousandsofyearsbeforeChristopherColumbusarrivedin1492.ColumbusthoughthehadarrivedinIndiasohecalledthenativePeople"Indians".TheIndianswerekindtotheearlysettlers.Theywerenotafraidofthemandtheywantedtohelpthem.Theyshowedthesettlersthenewworldaroundthem;theytaughtthemaboutthelocalcropslikesweetpotatoescornandpeanuts;theyintroducedtheEuropeanstochocolateandtotheturkey;andtheEuropeansdidbusinesswiththeIndians. [E]TheIndianscouldn’tunderstandthis.TheyhadaverydifferentideaoflandfromtheEuropeans.FortheIndiansthelandtheearthwastheirmothereverythingcamefromtheirmotherthelandandeverythingwentbacktoit.Thelandwasforeveryoneanditwasimpossibleforonemantoownit.HowcouldtheWhiteMandividetheearthintopartsHowcouldheputfencesrounditbuyitandsellitNaturallywhentheWhiteManstartedtakingalltheIndians’landtheIndiansstartedtofightback.TheywantedtokeeptheirlandtheywanttostoptheWhiteMantakingitallforhimself.ButtheWhiteManwasstrongerandclever.SlowlyhepushedtheIndiansintothosepartsofthecontinentthathedidn’twant--thepartswhereitwastoocoldortoodryortoomountainoustolivecomfortably. [F]MeanwhiletheIndianshavebeenworkinghardintheirowninterests.Theyarebuildingnewcommunitiesestablishingnewindustriesanderectingnewschools.Theyaredevelopingmotelsandotherrecreationalschemesonthereservations.ThereisagrowingPan-IndianGovernment.Indianshavebecomeactiveinwritingandpublishing.Sometribeshavebenefitedthroughsettlementoftheirlandorotherclaimsagainstthegovernment.Theyareusingthefundsfortheirowndevelopment.PerhapsanewdayhasalreadydawnedfortheAmericanIndians. [G]Manyoftheirtribeswereresettledonreservationsinthewest.ThelandbelongedtotheUnitedStatesGovernmentbutwasreservedtax-freefortheIndians.Thefederalgovernmentprovidedthetribeswithrationstoolsandequipment.Boardinganddayschoolsweresetup.Inmanycasesresponsibleagentsweresenttoadministerthereservations.ButthechangefromafreelifetotherestrictedlifeofreservationsbroughttheIndiansneardespair.Theydidnotchangeeasily. 43
WhatdoesthefutureholdfortheproblemofhousingAgood1dependsofcourseonthemeaningof"future".Ifoneisthinkingin2ofsciencefictionandthespaceage3atleastpossibletoassumethatmanwillhavesolvedsuchtrivialandearthlyproblemsashousing.Writersofsciencefictionhave4thesuggestionthatmenwillliveingreatcomfortwithevery5devicetomakelifesmoothhealthyandeasy6nothappy.Buttheyhavenotsaidwhathishousewillbemadeof. Theproblemsofthenextgenerationortwocanmorereadilybeimagined.Scientistshavealreadypointedoutthat7somethingisdoneeithertorestricttheworld’srapidgrowthinpopulationortodiscoveranddevelopnewsourcesoffoodorbothmillionsofpeoplewillbedyingofstarvationor8sufferingfromunderfeedingbeforethis9isout.Butnobodyhasworkedoutanyplanforhousingthesegrowingpopulations.Admittedlytheworsesituationswilloccurinthe10partsoftheworldwherehousingcanbeoflightstructureorinbackwardareaswherestandardsare11low.Buteventheminimumshelterrequiresmaterialsof12kindandinthecrowdedbulgingtownsthelow-standard"housing"offlattenedpetrolmansanddirtycanvasisfarmorewasteful13groundspacethancanbetolerated. SincethewarHongKonghassufferedthekindofcrisiswhichislikelyto14inmanyotherplacesduringthenextgeneration.15millionsofrefugeesarrivedto16thealreadygrowingpopulationandemergencystepshadtobetakentopreventsqualoranddiseaseandthe17ofcrime.HongKongisonlyonesmallpartofwhatwillcertainlybecomeavastproblemandnot18ahousingproblembecausewhenpopulationgrowsatthisratethereare19problemsofeducationtransportwatersupplyandsoon.NoteveryareamayhavethesameresourcesasHongKongto20andthesearchforquickerandcheapermethodsofconstructionmustnevercease. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
IfAmericaninvestorshavelearnedanylessoninthelast25yearsitistobuysharesonthedips.Theslidein2000--2002mayhavebeenlongeranddeeperthantheywereusedtobutnormalservicewaseventuallyresumeddrivingtheDowJonesIndustrialAveragetoarecordhighonOctober1st. AmongAmericanfinancialcommentatorsitisalmostuniversallyacceptedthatsharesalwaysriseoverthelongrun.Andoneoughttoexpectshareswhichareriskytodeliverahigherreturnthanriskfreeassetssuchasgovernmentbonds. Neverthelessinvestorsoughtalsotoremembertheworld’ssecondlargesteconomyJapan.Itsmostpopularstock-marketaveragetheNikkei225peakedat38915onthelasttradingdayofthe1980s;thisweeknearly18yearslateritisstillonlyaround17000lessthanhalfitspeak.Buyingonthedipsdidnotworkeither. ProfessionalsoftheLondonBusinessSchoolexaminedtherecordof16stockmarketswhichwereincontinuousoperationoverthecourseofthe20thcentury.InitselfthisselectionshowedsurvivorshipbiasbyexcludingthelikesofRussiaandChina.TheacademiesfoundthatonlythreeothercountriescouldmatchtheAmericanrecordofhavingno20-yearperiodswithnegativerealreturns. Otherinvestorswerefarlesslucky.JapaneseFrenchGermanandSpanishinvestorsallsufferedinstanceswheretheyhadtowait50--60yearstoearnapositiverealreturn.Itwasnogoodfollowingthefamousadviceto"putthesharesinadrawerandforgetaboutthem";thefurniturewouldnothavelastedthatlong. Besidessurvivorshipbiasthereisanotherproblemwiththebeliefthatstockmarketsmustalwaysgoup.Investorswillkeepbuyinguntilpricesreachstratospheric稳定的levels.ThatclearlyhappenedinJapaninthelate1980sandaftersevenyearsitisstillnotmuchmorethanhalfitspeaklevel. Asignificantproportionofthereturnfromequitiesinthesecondhalfofthe20上标thcenturycamefromare-ratingofshares;investorswerewillingtopayahighermultipleforprofits.Butre-ratingcannotcontinueforever. IfinvestorswantasimpleparallelwithsharepricestheyneedonlymmtotheAmericanhousingmarket.Backin2005aneconomicadvisertothepresidentsaid"We’veneverhadadeclineinhousingpricesonanationwidebasis.WhatIthinkismorelikelyisthathousepriceswillslowmaybestabilize." Lotsofpeopletookthesameviewandwerewillingtoborrowandlendonavastscaleonthegroundsthathigherhousepriceswouldalwaysbailthemout.Theyarenowcountingtheirlosses.Investorsinequitiesshouldbewareofover-committingthemselvesonthebasisofasimilarbeliefJustasktheJapanese. TheunderlinedworddipsLine1Paragraph1meansthat
HasAmericagoneinsaneSeasonsixforAmericanIdolhascausedustoasksomefundamentalquestionsabouttherealitytelevisionphenomenon.ShowjudgeSimonCowellrepeatedlychides斥责contestants"Thisisasingingcompetition.ButisitreallyWhentalentedsingerssuchasGinaGlocksenarevotedoffinfavorofatone-deafSanjayaMalakarwithhistrainwreckperformancesthequestioniswhetherIdolisreallyasingingcompetitionorsomethingaltogetherdifferent. AlthoughSanjayawasonlyinthemiddleofthepackforlastweek’svoteontheWebhewasthemostsearchedforIdolcontestantoftheseasongarnering获得morethantwicethevolumeofsearchesthanhisnearestrivalnotcountingthecontinuingquestsforracyphotosofAntonellaBarbawhoisnolongerinthecompetition. TheoriesaboundastoSanjaya’sstayingpowerontheshowfromsuggestionsofafloodofoffshorevotingtothetextingpowerofpre-pubescentgirls.ThereisonetheorythatcanactuallybequantifiedbyInternetdata:shock-jockHowardStern’scampaigningforshow-spoilersiteVotefortheWorst"tosupportvotingfortheentertainingcontestantswhotheproducerswouldhatetoseewinonAmericanIdolaccordingtositecreatorDaveDellaTerzawhoteachesacourseinrealitytelevisionattheCollegeofDuPageinGlenEllynIll. WhileVotefortheworst.comissmallcomparedtotheofficialAmericanIdolsitethefactthatitgetsnearlyafifthasmanyonlinevisitsgivesitthestrengthtoswayavote.VotefortheWorstisgainingstrengthwithovera50%growthsincelastseasonwhichcanbeattributedlargelytotheself-proclaimed"KingofAllMedia." ButwhatdoestheAmericanpublicthinkoftheunlikelyIdolstarOfallofthesearchesforSanjayaoverthelastfourweeks41%weresearchingonvariationsofhisname"Sanjayaor"SanjayaMalakarandvariousmisspellings.Atleast2.9%searchedforinformationonSanjaya’ssisterwhodidn’tmakethecutontheshow.ThenextmostpopularsearchtopicregardedquestionsaboutSanjaya’ssexualorientationwithsearchessuchas"SanjayaMalakargay""Sanjayagay"and"isSanjayagayWhat’smissingaresearchesrelatedtoSanjaya’smusicalselectionortalent. TheSanjayaphenomenonwhileamusinghighlightsthebiggestchallengetorealityshowsthatdependonapublicvoteforshowoutcome.It’snotasingingcontestorevenapopularitycontest;it’sbecomearacetoseewhocanmakethebiggestspectacle.InthatcontextSanjayahastheadvantage. WhatcanbeinferredaboutVotefortheworst.comfromthetext
Directions: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. Beingagoodparentishardernowthatithaseverbeenbefore.Inpressurizedmodernlivesdemandstobeafulfilledindividualandagoodpartnerandagoodworkertakenoaccountofbeingagoodparent.46Wehaven’tleftspaceforthenurturingparentstocarefortheirchildrenandprovidethekindofcarethattheirchildrenneedresultinginthefactthatmanyfamiliesinthewesternworldjustdon’twork. Mostofushaveabitofyearningforatablefullofchildrendescendingneatlyinsizetheolderoneshelpingtheyoungerones.Let’scontrolournostalgia:that"traditionalfamily"hadmanyfaultsnotleastintherolesitimposedonfemales.47Theproblemisthatinthelastgenerationorsowe’vecometoassumethatwomenshouldbeableandwanttodoeverythingthatbothmenandwomenhavedonebytradition.Andit’sjustnotpossible.Indeedsinceadoptingamaleagendainlifeisprobablyonlyanotherformofthetraditionalethicsthatmenaresuperiortowomenquiteanumberofhighlyeducatedandeconomicallyprivilegedwomenarenowoptingtotakecareerbreakssoastobeathomewiththeirchildrenforlongerthanthe18weeks. Havingchildren--especiallythefirstchild--putsabiggerstrainonacouple’srelationshipthananythingelsetheyeverdo.48Facingtheever-enormousstresscausedbythekidssomewhostaytogetheremergestrongerandricherbutnumerouscouplesneverrecoverfromthestrain.Parentsareoftendividedatmanyaspectsofchildnurturingsuchasearlyeducationandhabitforming.49Soafutureofsmallerfamiliesandmorepeoplechoosingnottohavechildrenatallcouldwellleavecouplescloserthantheyaretoday;formanythepurposeofbeingtogetherwouldbesolelytopleasureandsupporteachother--aninterestingprospect.Let’shopepeopleinthefuturewillonlyhavechildreniftheyreallywantthem.Andthatshouldmeansomethingthatisseenasamuchmorepositivecommitmentthanitisnowandthatparentsaresociallysupportedandadmiredfordoingagoodjob. 50Thewholepointofmarriageisthatitimposesclearobligationsnotjusttherighttopursueyourownhappinessthemainpartofwhichistoprovidebothemotionalandpracticalnurtureforchildren.Childrendemandsacrificeandaltruismalong-terminvestmentofparentaltimeandmoney.Ofcoursethehighestrewardthatparentsexpectistoseetheirchildrendevelopandbecomeusefultalentsforthesociety. Soafutureofsmallerfamiliesandmorepeoplechoosingnottohavechildrenatallcouldwellleavecouplescloserthantheyaretoday;formanythepurposeofbeingtogetherwouldbesolelytopleasureandsupporteachother--aninterestingprospect.
Directions: Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41--45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA--Gtofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.[ A]Butsoonthesettlerswantedbiggerfarmsandmorelandforthemselvesandtheirfamilies.MoreandmoreimmigrantswerecomingfromEuropeandallthesepeopleneededland.SotheEuropeansstartedtotakethelandfromtheIndians.TheIndianshadtomovebackintothecenterofthecontinentbecausethesettlersweretakingalltheirland. [B]By1857theIndianshadlostthefight:theywerelivinginspecialplacescalled"reservations".ButevenheretheWhiteMantooklandfromthem--perhapshewantedthewoodorperhapsthelandhadimportantmineralsinitorheevenwantedtomakenationalparksthere.SoevenontheirreservationstheIndianswerenotsafefromtheWhiteMan.Between1500and1900theIndianpopulationoftheareathatisnowtheUnitedStatesdeclinedfromcloseto1000000to300000.andforthoseremainedtheagonywasgreat.Manywereforcedtotakelandinnewandstrangeplaces.Theywereintroducedtonewtoolsimplementsandtechniques.Theywereforcedtoabandontheiroldwayoflife. [C]In1960sIndiansmovedingreatnumberstothenation’scities.ManyIndiansmovedintopovertyrows.Itwashardforthemtofindjobs.Itwashard--almostimpossible--tocompetewiththeWhiteManinthewhiteman’sworld.ManyIndiansreturnedtothereservations.Butifthereservationshadbeenbrokenuptherewasnoplacetogo.ThegapbetweenIndianAmericanandwhiteAmericanwasgrowingwider. [D]ThenativeAmericansthepeoplewecallthe"Indians"hadbeeninAmericaformanythousandsofyearsbeforeChristopherColumbusarrivedin1492.ColumbusthoughthehadarrivedinIndiasohecalledthenativePeople"Indians".TheIndianswerekindtotheearlysettlers.Theywerenotafraidofthemandtheywantedtohelpthem.Theyshowedthesettlersthenewworldaroundthem;theytaughtthemaboutthelocalcropslikesweetpotatoescornandpeanuts;theyintroducedtheEuropeanstochocolateandtotheturkey;andtheEuropeansdidbusinesswiththeIndians. [E]TheIndianscouldn’tunderstandthis.TheyhadaverydifferentideaoflandfromtheEuropeans.FortheIndiansthelandtheearthwastheirmothereverythingcamefromtheirmotherthelandandeverythingwentbacktoit.Thelandwasforeveryoneanditwasimpossibleforonemantoownit.HowcouldtheWhiteMandividetheearthintopartsHowcouldheputfencesrounditbuyitandsellitNaturallywhentheWhiteManstartedtakingalltheIndians’landtheIndiansstartedtofightback.TheywantedtokeeptheirlandtheywanttostoptheWhiteMantakingitallforhimself.ButtheWhiteManwasstrongerandclever.SlowlyhepushedtheIndiansintothosepartsofthecontinentthathedidn’twant--thepartswhereitwastoocoldortoodryortoomountainoustolivecomfortably. [F]MeanwhiletheIndianshavebeenworkinghardintheirowninterests.Theyarebuildingnewcommunitiesestablishingnewindustriesanderectingnewschools.Theyaredevelopingmotelsandotherrecreationalschemesonthereservations.ThereisagrowingPan-IndianGovernment.Indianshavebecomeactiveinwritingandpublishing.Sometribeshavebenefitedthroughsettlementoftheirlandorotherclaimsagainstthegovernment.Theyareusingthefundsfortheirowndevelopment.PerhapsanewdayhasalreadydawnedfortheAmericanIndians. [G]Manyoftheirtribeswereresettledonreservationsinthewest.ThelandbelongedtotheUnitedStatesGovernmentbutwasreservedtax-freefortheIndians.Thefederalgovernmentprovidedthetribeswithrationstoolsandequipment.Boardinganddayschoolsweresetup.Inmanycasesresponsibleagentsweresenttoadministerthereservations.ButthechangefromafreelifetotherestrictedlifeofreservationsbroughttheIndiansneardespair.Theydidnotchangeeasily. 41
WhatdoesthefutureholdfortheproblemofhousingAgood1dependsofcourseonthemeaningof"future".Ifoneisthinkingin2ofsciencefictionandthespaceage3atleastpossibletoassumethatmanwillhavesolvedsuchtrivialandearthlyproblemsashousing.Writersofsciencefictionhave4thesuggestionthatmenwillliveingreatcomfortwithevery5devicetomakelifesmoothhealthyandeasy6nothappy.Buttheyhavenotsaidwhathishousewillbemadeof. Theproblemsofthenextgenerationortwocanmorereadilybeimagined.Scientistshavealreadypointedoutthat7somethingisdoneeithertorestricttheworld’srapidgrowthinpopulationortodiscoveranddevelopnewsourcesoffoodorbothmillionsofpeoplewillbedyingofstarvationor8sufferingfromunderfeedingbeforethis9isout.Butnobodyhasworkedoutanyplanforhousingthesegrowingpopulations.Admittedlytheworsesituationswilloccurinthe10partsoftheworldwherehousingcanbeoflightstructureorinbackwardareaswherestandardsare11low.Buteventheminimumshelterrequiresmaterialsof12kindandinthecrowdedbulgingtownsthelow-standard"housing"offlattenedpetrolmansanddirtycanvasisfarmorewasteful13groundspacethancanbetolerated. SincethewarHongKonghassufferedthekindofcrisiswhichislikelyto14inmanyotherplacesduringthenextgeneration.15millionsofrefugeesarrivedto16thealreadygrowingpopulationandemergencystepshadtobetakentopreventsqualoranddiseaseandthe17ofcrime.HongKongisonlyonesmallpartofwhatwillcertainlybecomeavastproblemandnot18ahousingproblembecausewhenpopulationgrowsatthisratethereare19problemsofeducationtransportwatersupplyandsoon.NoteveryareamayhavethesameresourcesasHongKongto20andthesearchforquickerandcheapermethodsofconstructionmustnevercease. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
In1879RichardHenryPrattfoundedtheCarlisleIndianSchoolaremarkable40-yearchapterinthiscountry’sfailedsocialpolicyregardingNativeAmericans.Pratt’sfaithcouldbesimplydescribedas:"KilltheIndianSavetheMan!"toeradicateanymanifestationsoftheirnativeculture.Whenfourdecadesofforcibleeducationendedin1918itwasn’tclearwhatPratt’sexperimenthadkilledandwhatithadsaved.Buttherewasoneindisputablynotablelegacy--theCarlislefootballteam.Intheearly20thcenturytheCarlisleIndiansascendedtothepinnacle顶点ofthecollegiategame.InthoseyearsitbegantoengagealltheIvyfootballpowersonthegridiron运动场.Andfrom1911to1913includingtheseasoninwhichthelegendaryJimThorpereturnedfromtheOlympicstoscore25touchdownsCarlislehada38-3recordincludinga27-6routofWestPoint. WashingtonPostsportswriterSallyJenkinshasproducedafascinatingnewbook"TheRealAllAmericans":TheTeamThatChangedaGameaPeopleaNationDoubleday.$24.95thatexaminestheCarlislelegendinwonderfuldetail.AttheturnofthecenturyfootballwasexplodingonthecollegesceneparticularlyattheIvyeliteswherethesonsofthegentrycouldpreparefortherigorsofleadershiponthegridiron.Theypreferredtheirfootballbrutal.ConverselytheCarlisleteamwasundermannedandseriouslyundersized. ButCarlislewasblessedwithgiftedathletesandawizardofacoachPopWarner.BecauseCarlislecouldn’tmatchthebruteforceofitsrivalsWarnercreatedanentirelynewbrandoffootballrelyingonspeeddeceptionandguile.Inthat1903HarvardgameCarlisleusedthehiddenballtricktoscoreonthesecond-halfkickoff.Whilethereturnmanpretendedtocradletheballanotherplayerhadittuckedintoapocketsewninsidethebackofhisjerseyandranunmolested103yardsforatouchdown. Carlisledevelopednewblockingtechniquesthatcompensatedforitssizedisadvantage:thespiralthrowthatputthelongpasswithitspremium优势onspeedintotheoffenseandarepertoireoffakes;reversesandmisdirectionthatremainacentralpartofthegame.Ittookbrainstoconcocttheschemesandintelligencetoexecutethem.Theseinnovationsdidnotgounrecognized.AfterCarlisletrouncedArmyin1912TheNewYorkTimeshailedtheconquerorsfromCarlisleforplaying"themostperfectbrandoffootballeverseeninAmerica." Stilltodaythiscountrycelebratesfootballlikenoothersport.Jenkinsdoesamarvelousjobofmakinganintimateconnectionbetweenourbelovedmoderngameandtheunlikelyteamthatacenturyagohelpedmakeitwhatitistoday. Wecaninferfromthetextthat
WhatdoesthefutureholdfortheproblemofhousingAgood1dependsofcourseonthemeaningof"future".Ifoneisthinkingin2ofsciencefictionandthespaceage3atleastpossibletoassumethatmanwillhavesolvedsuchtrivialandearthlyproblemsashousing.Writersofsciencefictionhave4thesuggestionthatmenwillliveingreatcomfortwithevery5devicetomakelifesmoothhealthyandeasy6nothappy.Buttheyhavenotsaidwhathishousewillbemadeof. Theproblemsofthenextgenerationortwocanmorereadilybeimagined.Scientistshavealreadypointedoutthat7somethingisdoneeithertorestricttheworld’srapidgrowthinpopulationortodiscoveranddevelopnewsourcesoffoodorbothmillionsofpeoplewillbedyingofstarvationor8sufferingfromunderfeedingbeforethis9isout.Butnobodyhasworkedoutanyplanforhousingthesegrowingpopulations.Admittedlytheworsesituationswilloccurinthe10partsoftheworldwherehousingcanbeoflightstructureorinbackwardareaswherestandardsare11low.Buteventheminimumshelterrequiresmaterialsof12kindandinthecrowdedbulgingtownsthelow-standard"housing"offlattenedpetrolmansanddirtycanvasisfarmorewasteful13groundspacethancanbetolerated. SincethewarHongKonghassufferedthekindofcrisiswhichislikelyto14inmanyotherplacesduringthenextgeneration.15millionsofrefugeesarrivedto16thealreadygrowingpopulationandemergencystepshadtobetakentopreventsqualoranddiseaseandthe17ofcrime.HongKongisonlyonesmallpartofwhatwillcertainlybecomeavastproblemandnot18ahousingproblembecausewhenpopulationgrowsatthisratethereare19problemsofeducationtransportwatersupplyandsoon.NoteveryareamayhavethesameresourcesasHongKongto20andthesearchforquickerandcheapermethodsofconstructionmustnevercease. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
ArecentarticleinTheNewYorkTimesnotedthatHollywoodtypesnowarewearingflip-flops拖鞋--shoesappropriateforbeachcombers--tobusinessmeetings.DecadesagoCalifornianswereforgiventheirsloppyattireasuniquetotheirsomewhatfrivolousculture. Elsewhereduringthatbygoneerapeoplewerecarefulhowtheydressedwhenseeninpublicandcertainlywhengoingtotheoffice.Noonewouldthinkoftravelingbyplaneinshortsorwearinganythingbuttheirbestclothesforattendingachurchserviceconcertweddingorfuneral.Lookatoldnewsreelsofbaseballgamesandyouwillseemostofthemeninashirtandtie. Walkthroughanairporttodayandyouhavetostraintofindamanwearingajacketforgettheshirtandtieorawomaninaniceshirt.Ifsotheyclearlyareover60.Thestandardfordressingdowncontinuestodecline.Necktiesandsuitsnolongerarefashionable;malemodelsthinkitcooltohaveafacefullofstubble胡子茬.Arockstarslouchesontothestageinhisundershirt.Thinkaboutit:DeanMartinneverfailedtoappearinLasVegasinanythingbuthistuxandFrankSinatraalwayswasdressedtothenineswhenseeninpublic.Thatwasthestandard.Dressreflectsmanythingsaboutusandourculture.Ittellsusaboutstandardsdeportmentprideandcharacter. Somewherealongthewayoureliteslosttheirself-confidence.Codesofdressfellbythewaysideandwiththemstandardsoflanguageandbehavior.InaworldstableandpeacefulwithnoenemieslurkingintheshadowstodousunspeakableharmwhywoulditmatterwhatstandardsofcourtesywefollowLifewouldgoonasitis.Sadlythisisnotarelaxederasuchasthe1990s.Itmattersnowwhatkindofthesocietyweare.WemustrecapturetheseriousnessofagenerationthatwonWorldWarIIandperseveredthroughtheColdWar.WemaybeinvolvedinastruggleevenmorelengthydeadlyanddemandingthantheColdWar.Thewatchwordsmustbesacrificevigilanceanddetermination.Asloppyself-indulgentculturewillnotproduceaneffectiveeffortagainstanenemyasfanaticalastheJapaneseKamikaze日本神风敢死队pilots. OurseriousnessinWorldWarIIandtheearlyColdWarreflectedthequalitiesofagenerationofAmericanleadersembodyingthevirtuesofpublicspiritednessselflessnesscourageandintegrity.Theseleaderswerehumanandmademistakesbuttheysetthetoneforanentireera.Theirtough-mindedpoliciesanddignifiedappearancereflectedtheircharacter.Thatiswhyitmattershowwepresentourselvesinpublic.Forinatimeasseriousastheirs--andours--itischaracterthateventuallywilltriumph. Whichofthefollowingistheauthor’sattitudetowardsasloppyandindulgentculture
In1879RichardHenryPrattfoundedtheCarlisleIndianSchoolaremarkable40-yearchapterinthiscountry’sfailedsocialpolicyregardingNativeAmericans.Pratt’sfaithcouldbesimplydescribedas:"KilltheIndianSavetheMan!"toeradicateanymanifestationsoftheirnativeculture.Whenfourdecadesofforcibleeducationendedin1918itwasn’tclearwhatPratt’sexperimenthadkilledandwhatithadsaved.Buttherewasoneindisputablynotablelegacy--theCarlislefootballteam.Intheearly20thcenturytheCarlisleIndiansascendedtothepinnacle顶点ofthecollegiategame.InthoseyearsitbegantoengagealltheIvyfootballpowersonthegridiron运动场.Andfrom1911to1913includingtheseasoninwhichthelegendaryJimThorpereturnedfromtheOlympicstoscore25touchdownsCarlislehada38-3recordincludinga27-6routofWestPoint. WashingtonPostsportswriterSallyJenkinshasproducedafascinatingnewbook"TheRealAllAmericans":TheTeamThatChangedaGameaPeopleaNationDoubleday.$24.95thatexaminestheCarlislelegendinwonderfuldetail.AttheturnofthecenturyfootballwasexplodingonthecollegesceneparticularlyattheIvyeliteswherethesonsofthegentrycouldpreparefortherigorsofleadershiponthegridiron.Theypreferredtheirfootballbrutal.ConverselytheCarlisleteamwasundermannedandseriouslyundersized. ButCarlislewasblessedwithgiftedathletesandawizardofacoachPopWarner.BecauseCarlislecouldn’tmatchthebruteforceofitsrivalsWarnercreatedanentirelynewbrandoffootballrelyingonspeeddeceptionandguile.Inthat1903HarvardgameCarlisleusedthehiddenballtricktoscoreonthesecond-halfkickoff.Whilethereturnmanpretendedtocradletheballanotherplayerhadittuckedintoapocketsewninsidethebackofhisjerseyandranunmolested103yardsforatouchdown. Carlisledevelopednewblockingtechniquesthatcompensatedforitssizedisadvantage:thespiralthrowthatputthelongpasswithitspremium优势onspeedintotheoffenseandarepertoireoffakes;reversesandmisdirectionthatremainacentralpartofthegame.Ittookbrainstoconcocttheschemesandintelligencetoexecutethem.Theseinnovationsdidnotgounrecognized.AfterCarlisletrouncedArmyin1912TheNewYorkTimeshailedtheconquerorsfromCarlisleforplaying"themostperfectbrandoffootballeverseeninAmerica." Stilltodaythiscountrycelebratesfootballlikenoothersport.Jenkinsdoesamarvelousjobofmakinganintimateconnectionbetweenourbelovedmoderngameandtheunlikelyteamthatacenturyagohelpedmakeitwhatitistoday. AccordingtotheauthorthenewblockingtechniquesdevelopedbyCarlisle
HasAmericagoneinsaneSeasonsixforAmericanIdolhascausedustoasksomefundamentalquestionsabouttherealitytelevisionphenomenon.ShowjudgeSimonCowellrepeatedlychides斥责contestants"Thisisasingingcompetition.ButisitreallyWhentalentedsingerssuchasGinaGlocksenarevotedoffinfavorofatone-deafSanjayaMalakarwithhistrainwreckperformancesthequestioniswhetherIdolisreallyasingingcompetitionorsomethingaltogetherdifferent. AlthoughSanjayawasonlyinthemiddleofthepackforlastweek’svoteontheWebhewasthemostsearchedforIdolcontestantoftheseasongarnering获得morethantwicethevolumeofsearchesthanhisnearestrivalnotcountingthecontinuingquestsforracyphotosofAntonellaBarbawhoisnolongerinthecompetition. TheoriesaboundastoSanjaya’sstayingpowerontheshowfromsuggestionsofafloodofoffshorevotingtothetextingpowerofpre-pubescentgirls.ThereisonetheorythatcanactuallybequantifiedbyInternetdata:shock-jockHowardStern’scampaigningforshow-spoilersiteVotefortheWorst"tosupportvotingfortheentertainingcontestantswhotheproducerswouldhatetoseewinonAmericanIdolaccordingtositecreatorDaveDellaTerzawhoteachesacourseinrealitytelevisionattheCollegeofDuPageinGlenEllynIll. WhileVotefortheworst.comissmallcomparedtotheofficialAmericanIdolsitethefactthatitgetsnearlyafifthasmanyonlinevisitsgivesitthestrengthtoswayavote.VotefortheWorstisgainingstrengthwithovera50%growthsincelastseasonwhichcanbeattributedlargelytotheself-proclaimed"KingofAllMedia." ButwhatdoestheAmericanpublicthinkoftheunlikelyIdolstarOfallofthesearchesforSanjayaoverthelastfourweeks41%weresearchingonvariationsofhisname"Sanjayaor"SanjayaMalakarandvariousmisspellings.Atleast2.9%searchedforinformationonSanjaya’ssisterwhodidn’tmakethecutontheshow.ThenextmostpopularsearchtopicregardedquestionsaboutSanjaya’ssexualorientationwithsearchessuchas"SanjayaMalakargay""Sanjayagay"and"isSanjayagayWhat’smissingaresearchesrelatedtoSanjaya’smusicalselectionortalent. TheSanjayaphenomenonwhileamusinghighlightsthebiggestchallengetorealityshowsthatdependonapublicvoteforshowoutcome.It’snotasingingcontestorevenapopularitycontest;it’sbecomearacetoseewhocanmakethebiggestspectacle.InthatcontextSanjayahastheadvantage. ItcanbeinferredfromtheopeningparagraphthatAmericanIdolisthenameof
WhatdoesthefutureholdfortheproblemofhousingAgood1dependsofcourseonthemeaningof"future".Ifoneisthinkingin2ofsciencefictionandthespaceage3atleastpossibletoassumethatmanwillhavesolvedsuchtrivialandearthlyproblemsashousing.Writersofsciencefictionhave4thesuggestionthatmenwillliveingreatcomfortwithevery5devicetomakelifesmoothhealthyandeasy6nothappy.Buttheyhavenotsaidwhathishousewillbemadeof. Theproblemsofthenextgenerationortwocanmorereadilybeimagined.Scientistshavealreadypointedoutthat7somethingisdoneeithertorestricttheworld’srapidgrowthinpopulationortodiscoveranddevelopnewsourcesoffoodorbothmillionsofpeoplewillbedyingofstarvationor8sufferingfromunderfeedingbeforethis9isout.Butnobodyhasworkedoutanyplanforhousingthesegrowingpopulations.Admittedlytheworsesituationswilloccurinthe10partsoftheworldwherehousingcanbeoflightstructureorinbackwardareaswherestandardsare11low.Buteventheminimumshelterrequiresmaterialsof12kindandinthecrowdedbulgingtownsthelow-standard"housing"offlattenedpetrolmansanddirtycanvasisfarmorewasteful13groundspacethancanbetolerated. SincethewarHongKonghassufferedthekindofcrisiswhichislikelyto14inmanyotherplacesduringthenextgeneration.15millionsofrefugeesarrivedto16thealreadygrowingpopulationandemergencystepshadtobetakentopreventsqualoranddiseaseandthe17ofcrime.HongKongisonlyonesmallpartofwhatwillcertainlybecomeavastproblemandnot18ahousingproblembecausewhenpopulationgrowsatthisratethereare19problemsofeducationtransportwatersupplyandsoon.NoteveryareamayhavethesameresourcesasHongKongto20andthesearchforquickerandcheapermethodsofconstructionmustnevercease. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
Directions: Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41--45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA--Gtofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.[ A]Butsoonthesettlerswantedbiggerfarmsandmorelandforthemselvesandtheirfamilies.MoreandmoreimmigrantswerecomingfromEuropeandallthesepeopleneededland.SotheEuropeansstartedtotakethelandfromtheIndians.TheIndianshadtomovebackintothecenterofthecontinentbecausethesettlersweretakingalltheirland. [B]By1857theIndianshadlostthefight:theywerelivinginspecialplacescalled"reservations".ButevenheretheWhiteMantooklandfromthem--perhapshewantedthewoodorperhapsthelandhadimportantmineralsinitorheevenwantedtomakenationalparksthere.SoevenontheirreservationstheIndianswerenotsafefromtheWhiteMan.Between1500and1900theIndianpopulationoftheareathatisnowtheUnitedStatesdeclinedfromcloseto1000000to300000.andforthoseremainedtheagonywasgreat.Manywereforcedtotakelandinnewandstrangeplaces.Theywereintroducedtonewtoolsimplementsandtechniques.Theywereforcedtoabandontheiroldwayoflife. [C]In1960sIndiansmovedingreatnumberstothenation’scities.ManyIndiansmovedintopovertyrows.Itwashardforthemtofindjobs.Itwashard--almostimpossible--tocompetewiththeWhiteManinthewhiteman’sworld.ManyIndiansreturnedtothereservations.Butifthereservationshadbeenbrokenuptherewasnoplacetogo.ThegapbetweenIndianAmericanandwhiteAmericanwasgrowingwider. [D]ThenativeAmericansthepeoplewecallthe"Indians"hadbeeninAmericaformanythousandsofyearsbeforeChristopherColumbusarrivedin1492.ColumbusthoughthehadarrivedinIndiasohecalledthenativePeople"Indians".TheIndianswerekindtotheearlysettlers.Theywerenotafraidofthemandtheywantedtohelpthem.Theyshowedthesettlersthenewworldaroundthem;theytaughtthemaboutthelocalcropslikesweetpotatoescornandpeanuts;theyintroducedtheEuropeanstochocolateandtotheturkey;andtheEuropeansdidbusinesswiththeIndians. [E]TheIndianscouldn’tunderstandthis.TheyhadaverydifferentideaoflandfromtheEuropeans.FortheIndiansthelandtheearthwastheirmothereverythingcamefromtheirmotherthelandandeverythingwentbacktoit.Thelandwasforeveryoneanditwasimpossibleforonemantoownit.HowcouldtheWhiteMandividetheearthintopartsHowcouldheputfencesrounditbuyitandsellitNaturallywhentheWhiteManstartedtakingalltheIndians’landtheIndiansstartedtofightback.TheywantedtokeeptheirlandtheywanttostoptheWhiteMantakingitallforhimself.ButtheWhiteManwasstrongerandclever.SlowlyhepushedtheIndiansintothosepartsofthecontinentthathedidn’twant--thepartswhereitwastoocoldortoodryortoomountainoustolivecomfortably. [F]MeanwhiletheIndianshavebeenworkinghardintheirowninterests.Theyarebuildingnewcommunitiesestablishingnewindustriesanderectingnewschools.Theyaredevelopingmotelsandotherrecreationalschemesonthereservations.ThereisagrowingPan-IndianGovernment.Indianshavebecomeactiveinwritingandpublishing.Sometribeshavebenefitedthroughsettlementoftheirlandorotherclaimsagainstthegovernment.Theyareusingthefundsfortheirowndevelopment.PerhapsanewdayhasalreadydawnedfortheAmericanIndians. [G]Manyoftheirtribeswereresettledonreservationsinthewest.ThelandbelongedtotheUnitedStatesGovernmentbutwasreservedtax-freefortheIndians.Thefederalgovernmentprovidedthetribeswithrationstoolsandequipment.Boardinganddayschoolsweresetup.Inmanycasesresponsibleagentsweresenttoadministerthereservations.ButthechangefromafreelifetotherestrictedlifeofreservationsbroughttheIndiansneardespair.Theydidnotchangeeasily. 45
HasAmericagoneinsaneSeasonsixforAmericanIdolhascausedustoasksomefundamentalquestionsabouttherealitytelevisionphenomenon.ShowjudgeSimonCowellrepeatedlychides斥责contestants"Thisisasingingcompetition.ButisitreallyWhentalentedsingerssuchasGinaGlocksenarevotedoffinfavorofatone-deafSanjayaMalakarwithhistrainwreckperformancesthequestioniswhetherIdolisreallyasingingcompetitionorsomethingaltogetherdifferent. AlthoughSanjayawasonlyinthemiddleofthepackforlastweek’svoteontheWebhewasthemostsearchedforIdolcontestantoftheseasongarnering获得morethantwicethevolumeofsearchesthanhisnearestrivalnotcountingthecontinuingquestsforracyphotosofAntonellaBarbawhoisnolongerinthecompetition. TheoriesaboundastoSanjaya’sstayingpowerontheshowfromsuggestionsofafloodofoffshorevotingtothetextingpowerofpre-pubescentgirls.ThereisonetheorythatcanactuallybequantifiedbyInternetdata:shock-jockHowardStern’scampaigningforshow-spoilersiteVotefortheWorst"tosupportvotingfortheentertainingcontestantswhotheproducerswouldhatetoseewinonAmericanIdolaccordingtositecreatorDaveDellaTerzawhoteachesacourseinrealitytelevisionattheCollegeofDuPageinGlenEllynIll. WhileVotefortheworst.comissmallcomparedtotheofficialAmericanIdolsitethefactthatitgetsnearlyafifthasmanyonlinevisitsgivesitthestrengthtoswayavote.VotefortheWorstisgainingstrengthwithovera50%growthsincelastseasonwhichcanbeattributedlargelytotheself-proclaimed"KingofAllMedia." ButwhatdoestheAmericanpublicthinkoftheunlikelyIdolstarOfallofthesearchesforSanjayaoverthelastfourweeks41%weresearchingonvariationsofhisname"Sanjayaor"SanjayaMalakarandvariousmisspellings.Atleast2.9%searchedforinformationonSanjaya’ssisterwhodidn’tmakethecutontheshow.ThenextmostpopularsearchtopicregardedquestionsaboutSanjaya’ssexualorientationwithsearchessuchas"SanjayaMalakargay""Sanjayagay"and"isSanjayagayWhat’smissingaresearchesrelatedtoSanjaya’smusicalselectionortalent. TheSanjayaphenomenonwhileamusinghighlightsthebiggestchallengetorealityshowsthatdependonapublicvoteforshowoutcome.It’snotasingingcontestorevenapopularitycontest;it’sbecomearacetoseewhocanmakethebiggestspectacle.InthatcontextSanjayahastheadvantage. WecanconcludefromthetextthatthepublicattitudetowardAmericanIdolis
IfAmericaninvestorshavelearnedanylessoninthelast25yearsitistobuysharesonthedips.Theslidein2000--2002mayhavebeenlongeranddeeperthantheywereusedtobutnormalservicewaseventuallyresumeddrivingtheDowJonesIndustrialAveragetoarecordhighonOctober1st. AmongAmericanfinancialcommentatorsitisalmostuniversallyacceptedthatsharesalwaysriseoverthelongrun.Andoneoughttoexpectshareswhichareriskytodeliverahigherreturnthanriskfreeassetssuchasgovernmentbonds. Neverthelessinvestorsoughtalsotoremembertheworld’ssecondlargesteconomyJapan.Itsmostpopularstock-marketaveragetheNikkei225peakedat38915onthelasttradingdayofthe1980s;thisweeknearly18yearslateritisstillonlyaround17000lessthanhalfitspeak.Buyingonthedipsdidnotworkeither. ProfessionalsoftheLondonBusinessSchoolexaminedtherecordof16stockmarketswhichwereincontinuousoperationoverthecourseofthe20thcentury.InitselfthisselectionshowedsurvivorshipbiasbyexcludingthelikesofRussiaandChina.TheacademiesfoundthatonlythreeothercountriescouldmatchtheAmericanrecordofhavingno20-yearperiodswithnegativerealreturns. Otherinvestorswerefarlesslucky.JapaneseFrenchGermanandSpanishinvestorsallsufferedinstanceswheretheyhadtowait50--60yearstoearnapositiverealreturn.Itwasnogoodfollowingthefamousadviceto"putthesharesinadrawerandforgetaboutthem";thefurniturewouldnothavelastedthatlong. Besidessurvivorshipbiasthereisanotherproblemwiththebeliefthatstockmarketsmustalwaysgoup.Investorswillkeepbuyinguntilpricesreachstratospheric稳定的levels.ThatclearlyhappenedinJapaninthelate1980sandaftersevenyearsitisstillnotmuchmorethanhalfitspeaklevel. Asignificantproportionofthereturnfromequitiesinthesecondhalfofthe20上标thcenturycamefromare-ratingofshares;investorswerewillingtopayahighermultipleforprofits.Butre-ratingcannotcontinueforever. IfinvestorswantasimpleparallelwithsharepricestheyneedonlymmtotheAmericanhousingmarket.Backin2005aneconomicadvisertothepresidentsaid"We’veneverhadadeclineinhousingpricesonanationwidebasis.WhatIthinkismorelikelyisthathousepriceswillslowmaybestabilize." Lotsofpeopletookthesameviewandwerewillingtoborrowandlendonavastscaleonthegroundsthathigherhousepriceswouldalwaysbailthemout.Theyarenowcountingtheirlosses.Investorsinequitiesshouldbewareofover-committingthemselvesonthebasisofasimilarbeliefJustasktheJapanese. Whichofthefollowingisclosesttothemessagethetexttriestoconvey
ArecentarticleinTheNewYorkTimesnotedthatHollywoodtypesnowarewearingflip-flops拖鞋--shoesappropriateforbeachcombers--tobusinessmeetings.DecadesagoCalifornianswereforgiventheirsloppyattireasuniquetotheirsomewhatfrivolousculture. Elsewhereduringthatbygoneerapeoplewerecarefulhowtheydressedwhenseeninpublicandcertainlywhengoingtotheoffice.Noonewouldthinkoftravelingbyplaneinshortsorwearinganythingbuttheirbestclothesforattendingachurchserviceconcertweddingorfuneral.Lookatoldnewsreelsofbaseballgamesandyouwillseemostofthemeninashirtandtie. Walkthroughanairporttodayandyouhavetostraintofindamanwearingajacketforgettheshirtandtieorawomaninaniceshirt.Ifsotheyclearlyareover60.Thestandardfordressingdowncontinuestodecline.Necktiesandsuitsnolongerarefashionable;malemodelsthinkitcooltohaveafacefullofstubble胡子茬.Arockstarslouchesontothestageinhisundershirt.Thinkaboutit:DeanMartinneverfailedtoappearinLasVegasinanythingbuthistuxandFrankSinatraalwayswasdressedtothenineswhenseeninpublic.Thatwasthestandard.Dressreflectsmanythingsaboutusandourculture.Ittellsusaboutstandardsdeportmentprideandcharacter. Somewherealongthewayoureliteslosttheirself-confidence.Codesofdressfellbythewaysideandwiththemstandardsoflanguageandbehavior.InaworldstableandpeacefulwithnoenemieslurkingintheshadowstodousunspeakableharmwhywoulditmatterwhatstandardsofcourtesywefollowLifewouldgoonasitis.Sadlythisisnotarelaxederasuchasthe1990s.Itmattersnowwhatkindofthesocietyweare.WemustrecapturetheseriousnessofagenerationthatwonWorldWarIIandperseveredthroughtheColdWar.WemaybeinvolvedinastruggleevenmorelengthydeadlyanddemandingthantheColdWar.Thewatchwordsmustbesacrificevigilanceanddetermination.Asloppyself-indulgentculturewillnotproduceaneffectiveeffortagainstanenemyasfanaticalastheJapaneseKamikaze日本神风敢死队pilots. OurseriousnessinWorldWarIIandtheearlyColdWarreflectedthequalitiesofagenerationofAmericanleadersembodyingthevirtuesofpublicspiritednessselflessnesscourageandintegrity.Theseleaderswerehumanandmademistakesbuttheysetthetoneforanentireera.Theirtough-mindedpoliciesanddignifiedappearancereflectedtheircharacter.Thatiswhyitmattershowwepresentourselvesinpublic.Forinatimeasseriousastheirs--andours--itischaracterthateventuallywilltriumph. Whenyougototheairporttodayyouwill
热门题库
更多
香港法概论
反间谍法
__学
合同法
证据学
民事诉讼法学
民法学
刑法学
消费者权益保护法
法理学
竞争法
国际公法
国际经济法
农村政策法规
行政法与行政诉讼法
仲裁法学
湘公网安备 43130202000226号