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已知系统为32位实地址，采用48位虚拟地址，页面大小4KB，页表项大小为8B；每段最大为4GB。如果是二级页表，页面平均访问时间是多少
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已知某系统页面长为4KB页表项为4B采用多层分页策略映射64位虚拟地址空间若限定最高层页表占1页问需
己知系统为32位实地址采用48位虚拟地址页面大小为4KB页表项大小为8B每段最大为4GB假设系统使用
3，12
3，14
4，12
4，14
假设进程的虚拟地址空间为2GB页面大小为4KB若用4个字节表示页的物理地址则一个进程的页表最多需要个
128
256
512
1024
已知系统为32位实地址采用48位虚拟地址页面大小4KB页表项大小为8B每段最大为4GB假设系统使用纯
下列有关32位版本的WindowsXP存储管理功能的叙述中错误的是
对于32位的应用程序来说，虚拟地址空间为4GB
在默认的情况下，内存的页面大小为4MB
作为虚拟存储器使用的页面文件(Pagefile.sys)，其大小通常大于物理内存
系统在页面调度时通常采用“最近最少使用”算法
已知系统为32位实地址采用48位虚拟地址页面大小4KB页表项大小为8B每段最大为4GB假设系统采用一
若处理器有32位地址则实质虚拟地址空间为字节
2GB
4GB
100KB
640KB
若某分页管理的虚拟存储器共有8个页面每页为1024个字节实际主存为4096个字节采用页表法进行
656
1023
2047
4095
若处理器有32位地址则它的虚拟地址空间为字节
2GB
4GB
100KB
640KB
已知系统为32位实地址采用48位虚拟地址页面大小4KB页表项大小为8B每段最大为4GB若系统采用段页
Gribble公司正在开发一款64位的计算机体系结构也就是说在访问内存的时候最多可以使用64位
Gribble公司正在开发一款64位的计算机体系结构也就是说在访问内存的时候最多可以使用64位
在页式存储管理方案中若一个进程的虚拟地址空间为2GB页面大小为4KB当用4字节表示物理页号时页表需要
64
128
256
512
在页式存储管理方案中若一个进程的虚拟地址空间为2GB页面大小为4KB当用4字节表示物理页号时页表需要
128
256
512
1024
一个64位的计算机系统中地址线宽为64位实际使用的虚拟地址空间的大小是248若采用虚拟页式存储管理每
3
4
5
6
在虚拟存储管理系统中虚拟地址空间是指实地址空间是指
某计算机主存地址空间大小为256MB按字节编址虚拟地址空间大小为4GB采用页式存储管理页面大小为4K
015 3180H
003 5180H
TLB缺失
缺页
下列有关32位版本的WindowsXP存储管理功能的叙述中错误的是
对于32位的应用程序来说，虚拟地址空间为4GB
在默认的情况下，内存的页面大小为4MB
作为虚拟存储器使用的页面文件(Pagefile.sys)，其大小通常大于物理内存
系统在页面调度时通常采用“最近最少使用”算法
若某分页管理的虚拟存储器共有8个页面每页为1024个字节实际主存为4096个字节采用页表法进行
656
1023
2047
4095
已知系统为32位实地址采用48位虚拟地址页面大小4KB页表项大小为8B每段最大为4GB上题中如果要满
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TheaverageAmericandrinksagallonofsodaaweekwhichdeliversroughly1000caloriesandnonutrition.TheaverageAmericanisalsooverweightorobese.Couldchangingoneofthosethingshelpchangetheother Agrowingnumberofofficialsthinksowhichaccountsforaspateofproposednewtaxesonsodaasawaytodiscourageconsumptionwhileatthesametimeraisingmoneytofundotherobesity-fightinginitiatives.Some20statesandcitiesfromNewMexicotoBaltimorecontemplatedsodataxesthisspring. Thereactionagainstthemhasbeenswiftandfierce.InMarchscoresofsoda-companyemployeessportingPepsiCokeand7-UpgearswarmedtheKansasstatesenatetofightaproposalthatwouldhaveaddedapennyintaxforeachteaspoonofsugarinanonjuicedrink.Thatwouldhaveincreasedthepriceofa12-oz.sodabyabout10 andgeneratedsome$90millioninrevenueayear."Ithoughtthisisawisechoice"saysstatesenatorJohnVratilwholikecounterpartsacrossthecountryhasbeenstrugglingtoaddressbotharecession-inducedbudgetgapandrisingpublic-healthcostsstemmingfromobesity.InsteadhegotanearfulabouthowasodataxwouldkilljobsburdenthepoorandconstituteanunwelcomegovernmentintrusionintotheAmericandiet. GovernmentinvolvementinwhatAmericanseatisnothingnew.ButwhytaxsodaandnotsayicecreampizzaorOreos—orforthatmatterthevideogamesthatdiscouragekidsfromgoingoutsidetorunaroundWashingtoncity-councilmemberMaryChehsaysit’sbecausesodaiswherescientistshaveobservedtheclearestlinktoexcesspounds.WhenChehsetouttofundherHealthySchoolsActwhichwouldraisefoodandphysical-educationstandardsatschoolsinD.C.whereabout40%ofkidsareoverweightorobese—shedidn’tknowshe’dwindupgoingaftersoda.Butthedataoverwhelmedher:TheamountofsodathetypicalAmericandrinkshasgrownbyroughly500%overthepast60yearsandofthe250to300caloriesadayAmericanshaveonaverageaddedtotheirdietssincethelate1970snearlyhalfhavecomefromsugareddrinks."Idon’twanttoprescribetaxesforallsortsofdietarychoices"saysCheh"butifweweregoingtoonlytargetonethingtomakeamaterialdifferencesodawouldbeit." Thetougherquestioniswhetherincreasingthepriceofsodawouldinfactreducethenumberofcaloriespeopleconsume.Someresearchindicatestheanswerisyes.Otherresearchleavesroomfordoubt.Thoughstudiesdoshowthata10%increaseinthepriceofsodaleadspeopletopurchaseabout10%lessofitthatdoesn’tnecessarilymeanfolksaren’tmakingupforthosecalorieselsewhere. HowdopeoplefeelaboutsodataxesInApriltheQuinnipiacUniversityPollingInstituteaskedresidentsofNewYorkStateiftheysupportedoropposeda"fattax"onnondietsugaredsoda.Thirty-onepercentwereinfavorand66%wereopposed.Yetwhenaskediftheywouldsupportsuchataxifthemoneyraisedwereusedtofundhealthcarepeoplechangedtheiropinionsdramaticallywith48%infavorandjust49%opposed. AccordingtoParagraph4scientistschosesodafortaxationbecause
在存储管理中采用覆盖与交换技术的目的是
ThisfallthePewResearchCenterinassociationwithTIMEconductedanationwidepollexploringthecontoursofmodernmarriageandthenewAmericanfamily.Andofallthetransformationsourfamilystructureshaveundergoneinthepast50yearsperhapsthemostprofoundisthemarriagedifferentialthathasopenedbetweentherichandthepoor.In1960themedianhouseholdincomeofmarriedadultswas12%higherthanthatofsingleadultsafteradjustingforhouseholdsize.By2008thisgaphadgrownto41%.Inotherwordsthericherandmoreeducatedyouarethemorelikelyyouaretomarryortobemarried—orconverselyifyou’remarriedyou’remorelikelytobewelloff. TobeginthequestionofwhythewealthdisparitybetweenthemarriedandtheunmarriedhasgrownsomuchitmightbeusefultotakealookatthebriefbutillustrativemarriageofgolferGregNormanandtennisstarChrisEvertwhomarriedinJune2008anddivorced15monthslater.Fromallreportstheirunionhadmanyoftheclassichallmarksofmodernpartnerships.Thebrideandgroomhadroughlyequalsuccessintheircareers.Beingwealthysportyandblondtheyhadsimilarinterests. Thisistypicalofthewaymanymarriagesstart.Americansareincreasinglymarryingpeoplewhoareonthesamesocioeconomicandeducationallevel.Sincemorewomenthanmenhavegraduatedfromcollegeforseveraldecadesit’smorelikelythanitusedtobethatamalecollegegraduatewillmeetfallinlovewithwedandsharethesalaryofawomanwithadegree.Women’sadvancesineducationhaveroughlyparalleledthegrowthoftheknowledgeeconomysothesliceofthefamilybaconshebringshomewillbesubstantial. Onthefaceofitthismightexplainwhyfewerpeoplearemarried.Theywanttofinishcollegefirst.In2010themedianageofmengettinghitchedforthefirsttimeis28.2andforwomenit’s26.1.It’sgoneupaboutayeareverydecadesincethe’60s. Buthere’stherub.Inthepasttwodecadespeoplewithonlyahighschooleducationstartedtogetmarriedevenlaterthancollegegraduates.In1990morehigh-school-educatedcouplesthancollegegraduateshadmadeittothealtarbyage30.By2007itwastheotherwayaround.WhathasbroughtabouttheswitchIt’snotanydisparityindesire.AccordingtothePewsurvey46%ofcollegegraduateswanttogetmarriedand44%ofthelesseducateddo. Promisingpubliclytobesomeone’spartnerforlifeusedtobesomethingpeopledidtolaythefoundationoftheirindependentlife.Itwasthedeclarationofadulthood.Nowit’smoreofafinishingtouchthelastbrickintheedificesociologistsbelieve.Marriageisthecapstoneforboththecollege-educatedandthelesswelleducated"saysJohnsHopkins’Cherlin."Thecollege-educatedwaituntilthey’refinishedwiththeireducationandtheircareersarelaunched.Thelesseducatedwaituntiltheyfeelcomfortablefinancially."Butthatcomfortkeepsgettingmoreelusive."Thelossofdecent-payingjobsthatahigh-school-educatedmanorwomancouldgetmakesitdifficultforthemtogetandstaymarried"saysCherlin.Astheknowledgeeconomyhasovertakenthemanufacturingeconomycouplesinwhichbothpartners’jobopportunitiesaredisappearingaredoublydisadvantaged.Sotheywaittogetmarried. WhichofthefollowingphrasesisNOTthesynonymofgetmarried
[A]SharetheResponsibility [B]KeepYourReceipts [C]CutBadHabits [D]BalanceYourCheckbook [E]RemainFlexible [F]PayDownDebt [G]FocusonSavings Youhaveabigexpensecomingup.Youneedabettercarorabiggerhomeoryouwanttogobacktocollege.WhatdoyoudoBorrowborrowborrow——rightWellmaybenot.Ifyou’vecreatedabudgetyouknowexactlyhowmuchmoneyyouhavecominginandhowmuchisgoingout.Youcanmakesomeplansconcerningthatbigexpense.Butifyoudon’thaveabudgetplanyouprobablydon’thaveaverygoodpictureofyourfinancesandyoumaybetemptedtoborrowmoremoneyratherthansqueezingallyoucanfromyourincome.It’sdefinitelybetterinthelongrun——foryouandforyourmoney——tohaveabudget. 41.______ Bynowyou’vesetupyourbudget.Youknowhowmuchmoneyyouhave.Butyoucouldstillusesomehelpstayingonbudget.Herearesometipsthatcanhelpyousticktoyourbudgetandgetaheadonthatmajorpurchase.Determinetheamountofyourbudgetthatyoucanaffordtosaveeachmonth.Haveitdirect-depositedtoyoursavingsaccountortoyourmutualfund.Whereveryoudecidetokeepyoursavingsmakesureyouputmoneyintoiteverymonth.Thatsavingswillmakeabigdifferenceforyoulater. 42.______ Whetherit’salcoholortobaccoifyouusemuchofeitheryouknowhowexpensivebadhabitscanbe.Stopsmokinganddrinkingandputthebeer/cigarettemoneytowardyourotherexpenses.You’llseeyourbillscomedown——andfeelyourhealthimprove——innotime.You’llalsosaveonhealthcareexpensesdowntheroadandyoumaybecomeeligibleforlowerinsurancepremiums. 43.______ Makesureyou’renottheonlymemberofyourhouseholdconcernedaboutyourbudget.Ifyou’reworkinghardtosavemoneybutyourspouseisoutspendingyouintodebtyou’refightingalosingbattle.Sitdowntogetherandmakeaplantodeterminehowmuchspendingmoneyyoushouldeachhave.Thencheckineveryweektoseehowwellyou’redoing.Iftheentirefamilysharestheresponsibilityforthebudgeteveryonecancutbackjustalittleandmakeabigdifference.Onepersonshouldn’thavetoshouldertheentireburdenalone. 44.______ Ifyouhavecreditcarddebtyoumayfeellikeit’sgoingtotakeforevertopayitoff.Butyoucangetaheadbychoosingonecard——ideallytheonewiththehighestinterestrate——andpayingasmuchasyoucanoniteverymonth.Ifyouhaveothercardspaytheminimumbalanceonthoseuntilyou’vepaidoffthefirstcard.Thenchoosethenextcardandpayextraonitwhileyoupayminimumsontheothers.Ifyoupayonlytheminimumsonallyourcardsyou’llbepayingalotmoreininterestthanyoumayrealize. 45.______ Youprobablymonitoredyourexpensesforseveralweekstomakeabudget.Oncethebudgetismadethoughitcanbetemptingtostopkeepingupwitheverylittleexpense.Butkeepingtrackreallycanhelpyousticktoyourbudget.Saveyourreceiptsandwritedowntheplacesyouspendmoney.You’llbelesslikelytooverspendifyourealizehowmuchmoneyhasactuallygonethroughyourhands. 44
下面关于存储管理的叙述中正确的是
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Imagineaworldwhereyourdoctorcouldhelpyouavoidsicknessusingknowledgeofyourgenesaswellashowyouliveyourlife.Orwherehewouldprescribedrugsheknewwouldworkandnothavedebilitatingside-effects. Suchafutureisarrivingfasterthanmostrealise:genetictestsarealreadywidelyusedtoidentifypatientswhowillbehelpedorharmedbycertaindrugs.Andthreeyearsagointhefaceofatorrentofnewscientificdataanumberofnewcompaniessetthemselvesuptointerpretthisinformationforcustomers.ThroughshopfrontsontheinternetanyonecouldorderatestingkitspitintoatubeandsendofftheirDNA—withresultsdownloadedprivatelyathome.Alreadycustomerscanfindouttheirresponsetomanycommonmedicationssuchasantiviralsandblood-thinningagents.Theycanalsoexploretheirgeneticlikelihoodofdevelopingdeep-veinthrombosisskincancerorglaucoma. Theindustryhasbeensubjecttoconflictingcriticisms.Ontheonehanditstandsaccusedofofferinginformationtoodangeroustotrusttoconsumers;ontheotheritischargedwithpeddlingirrelevantmisleadingnonsense.ForsomeraredisorderssuchasHuntington’sandTay-Sachsgeneticinformationisadiagnosis.Butmostdiseasesaremorecomplicatedandinvolveseveralgenesoranenvironmentalcomponentorboth.Someone’schanceofgettingskincancerforexamplewilldependonwhetherheworshipsthesunaswellasonhisgenes. America’sGovernmentAccountabilityOfficeGAOreportalsorevealedwhattheindustryhasopenlyadmittedforyears:thatresultsofdisease-predictiontestsfromdifferentcompaniessometimesconflictwithoneanotherbecausethereisnoindustry-wideagreementonstandardlifetimerisks. GovernmentshatethissortofanarchyandAmerica’sinparticularisconsideringregulation.Butthreethingsargueagainstwholesaleregulation.Firstthelevelofinterferenceneedstobebasedonthelevelofriskatestrepresents.Thegovernmentdoesnotneedtobeinvolvedifsomeonedecidestotracehisancestryordiscoverwhattypeofearwaxhehas.Secondthelawsonfraudshouldbesufficienttodealwiththesnake-oilsalesmenwhopromisetopredictsaywhetherachildmightbeasportingchampion.Andthirdscienceischangingveryfast.Fairlysoonacustomer’swholegenomewillbesequencednotmerelythepartsthoughttobemedicallyrelevantthatthetestingcompaniesnowconcentrateonandhewillthenbeabletocranktheresultsthroughopen-sourceinterpretationsoftwaredownloadablefromanywhereontheplanet.Thatwillcreateproblemsbuttheonlywaytostopthathappeningwouldbetomakeitillegalforsomeonetohavehisgenomesequenced—andnobodyisseriouslysuggestingthatilliberalrestriction. Insteadthenofreactinginahostilefashiontothetrendforpeopletotakegenetictestsgovernmentsshouldbeaskingthemselveshowtheycanmakebestuseofthisnewsourceofinformation.Restrictingaccesstoteststhatinformpeopleaboutbadreactionstodrugscoulddoharm.Therealquestionisnotwhocontrolsaccessbuthowtominimisetherisksandmaximisetherewardsofausefulrevolution. Theauthorseemstosuggestthattherestrictionprohibitingcustomersfromhavingtheirgenomesequencedis
Therelentlessmarchoftechnologyintoeverydaylifehasalwaysgivenrisetodebateaboutwhetheritisagoodorabadthing.SomebelievethattheInternetandcomputersoftwarearemakinghumansmorestupidorshallow.Butothersarguethatcomputerprogramsintheformofvideogamescanmakepeoplesmarterorimprovespecificskillssuchasspatialawareness. ShawnGreenandAlexandrePougetfromtheUniversityofRochesterinNewYorkstatesetouttofindananswer.TheirstudyreportedinCurrentBiologyinvolvedanumberofexperiments.Inonetheparticipantshadtowatch12dotsmovingrandomlyonascreenandquicklyassesstheiraggregatedirectionofmovement.Anothertestaskedparticipantstoworkoutthedirectionofspecificsoundsembeddedwithinstereowhitenoise.Inbothteststhevideo-garnersdidbetter.Howeverthescientistswereawarethatgamerscouldhavebeenbornwithimprovedabilitiestoperformsuchtaskswhichwerepossiblywhatattractedthemtogaminginthefirstplace.Consequentlyathirdtestwasnecessarytoseeiftheseabilitiescouldhavebeenlearnt. Thenon-gamingvolunteerswereputthrough50hoursofvideo-gametraining.Forsomethisinvolvedplayingfast-actionshoot-em-upgamessuchas"CallofDuty2"and"UnrealTournament"butothersweregivenaslow-movinglife-strategygame"TheSims2".Theresearchersfoundthatthosetrainedwithactiongamesraisedtheirperformancetotheleveloftheexperiencedgarners.MoreovertheyweremoreefficientintheiruseofvisualorauditoryevidencethanthoseplayingwiththeSims. Theresearchersconcludethatfastactionvideo-gamesplayersdevelopanenhancedsensitivitytowhatisgoingonaroundthemandthatthismayhelpwithactivitiessuchasmultitaskingdrivingreadingsmallprintnavigationandkeepingtrackoffriendsorchildreninacrowd.Thepreciseneuralmechanismforthiseffecthoweverisstillunknown. Whatisknownisthatpeoplemakedecisionsbasedonprobabilitiesthatareconstantlybeingcalculatedandrefinedintheirheads—somethingcalled"probabilisticinference".Thebraincollectssmallpiecesofinformationeventuallygatheringenoughtomakeanaccuratedecision.Whendrivingacarforexamplemanyprobabilitieswillbecollatedtomakedecisionssuchaswhetherornottobrake.Themoreefficientsomeoneisatcollectingvisualandauditoryinformationthefasterhecanreachthethresholdneededtomakeadecision. ShawnGreenAlexandrePougetsuggestthatreactiontimesinthepopulationwillprobablyimprovewiththeriseoffast-actionvideo-games.Therearealotofplayers:lastyearareportestimatedthat67%ofAmericanhouseholdscontainedatleastonevideo-gamer.Andifvideo-gamersarereallybetterequippedtomakequickdecisionstheymightalsoturnouttobebetterdriversandendupinfeweraccidents.Howeverthenotionthatgamersacquiresomeminorphysicalskillsmaynotpacifyconcernedparents.Whatafteralloftheskillstheyarenotacquiringwhenshootingvirtualcopsinsteadofreadingortalking Itissuggestedinthelastparagraghthatviedo-gamers’parentswillShawnGreenandAlexandrePouget’sfindings
Imagineaworldwhereyourdoctorcouldhelpyouavoidsicknessusingknowledgeofyourgenesaswellashowyouliveyourlife.Orwherehewouldprescribedrugsheknewwouldworkandnothavedebilitatingside-effects. Suchafutureisarrivingfasterthanmostrealise:genetictestsarealreadywidelyusedtoidentifypatientswhowillbehelpedorharmedbycertaindrugs.Andthreeyearsagointhefaceofatorrentofnewscientificdataanumberofnewcompaniessetthemselvesuptointerpretthisinformationforcustomers.ThroughshopfrontsontheinternetanyonecouldorderatestingkitspitintoatubeandsendofftheirDNA—withresultsdownloadedprivatelyathome.Alreadycustomerscanfindouttheirresponsetomanycommonmedicationssuchasantiviralsandblood-thinningagents.Theycanalsoexploretheirgeneticlikelihoodofdevelopingdeep-veinthrombosisskincancerorglaucoma. Theindustryhasbeensubjecttoconflictingcriticisms.Ontheonehanditstandsaccusedofofferinginformationtoodangeroustotrusttoconsumers;ontheotheritischargedwithpeddlingirrelevantmisleadingnonsense.ForsomeraredisorderssuchasHuntington’sandTay-Sachsgeneticinformationisadiagnosis.Butmostdiseasesaremorecomplicatedandinvolveseveralgenesoranenvironmentalcomponentorboth.Someone’schanceofgettingskincancerforexamplewilldependonwhetherheworshipsthesunaswellasonhisgenes. America’sGovernmentAccountabilityOfficeGAOreportalsorevealedwhattheindustryhasopenlyadmittedforyears:thatresultsofdisease-predictiontestsfromdifferentcompaniessometimesconflictwithoneanotherbecausethereisnoindustry-wideagreementonstandardlifetimerisks. GovernmentshatethissortofanarchyandAmerica’sinparticularisconsideringregulation.Butthreethingsargueagainstwholesaleregulation.Firstthelevelofinterferenceneedstobebasedonthelevelofriskatestrepresents.Thegovernmentdoesnotneedtobeinvolvedifsomeonedecidestotracehisancestryordiscoverwhattypeofearwaxhehas.Secondthelawsonfraudshouldbesufficienttodealwiththesnake-oilsalesmenwhopromisetopredictsaywhetherachildmightbeasportingchampion.Andthirdscienceischangingveryfast.Fairlysoonacustomer’swholegenomewillbesequencednotmerelythepartsthoughttobemedicallyrelevantthatthetestingcompaniesnowconcentrateonandhewillthenbeabletocranktheresultsthroughopen-sourceinterpretationsoftwaredownloadablefromanywhereontheplanet.Thatwillcreateproblemsbuttheonlywaytostopthathappeningwouldbetomakeitillegalforsomeonetohavehisgenomesequenced—andnobodyisseriouslysuggestingthatilliberalrestriction. Insteadthenofreactinginahostilefashiontothetrendforpeopletotakegenetictestsgovernmentsshouldbeaskingthemselveshowtheycanmakebestuseofthisnewsourceofinformation.Restrictingaccesstoteststhatinformpeopleaboutbadreactionstodrugscoulddoharm.Therealquestionisnotwhocontrolsaccessbuthowtominimisetherisksandmaximisetherewardsofausefulrevolution. Accordingtotheauthorwhatshouldthegovernmentdoaboutgenetictest
段页式存储管理中地址映射表是
设内存的分配情况如图3-19所示若要申请一块40K的内存空间采用最佳适应算法则所得到的分区首址为
Imagineaworldwhereyourdoctorcouldhelpyouavoidsicknessusingknowledgeofyourgenesaswellashowyouliveyourlife.Orwherehewouldprescribedrugsheknewwouldworkandnothavedebilitatingside-effects. Suchafutureisarrivingfasterthanmostrealise:genetictestsarealreadywidelyusedtoidentifypatientswhowillbehelpedorharmedbycertaindrugs.Andthreeyearsagointhefaceofatorrentofnewscientificdataanumberofnewcompaniessetthemselvesuptointerpretthisinformationforcustomers.ThroughshopfrontsontheinternetanyonecouldorderatestingkitspitintoatubeandsendofftheirDNA—withresultsdownloadedprivatelyathome.Alreadycustomerscanfindouttheirresponsetomanycommonmedicationssuchasantiviralsandblood-thinningagents.Theycanalsoexploretheirgeneticlikelihoodofdevelopingdeep-veinthrombosisskincancerorglaucoma. Theindustryhasbeensubjecttoconflictingcriticisms.Ontheonehanditstandsaccusedofofferinginformationtoodangeroustotrusttoconsumers;ontheotheritischargedwithpeddlingirrelevantmisleadingnonsense.ForsomeraredisorderssuchasHuntington’sandTay-Sachsgeneticinformationisadiagnosis.Butmostdiseasesaremorecomplicatedandinvolveseveralgenesoranenvironmentalcomponentorboth.Someone’schanceofgettingskincancerforexamplewilldependonwhetherheworshipsthesunaswellasonhisgenes. America’sGovernmentAccountabilityOfficeGAOreportalsorevealedwhattheindustryhasopenlyadmittedforyears:thatresultsofdisease-predictiontestsfromdifferentcompaniessometimesconflictwithoneanotherbecausethereisnoindustry-wideagreementonstandardlifetimerisks. GovernmentshatethissortofanarchyandAmerica’sinparticularisconsideringregulation.Butthreethingsargueagainstwholesaleregulation.Firstthelevelofinterferenceneedstobebasedonthelevelofriskatestrepresents.Thegovernmentdoesnotneedtobeinvolvedifsomeonedecidestotracehisancestryordiscoverwhattypeofearwaxhehas.Secondthelawsonfraudshouldbesufficienttodealwiththesnake-oilsalesmenwhopromisetopredictsaywhetherachildmightbeasportingchampion.Andthirdscienceischangingveryfast.Fairlysoonacustomer’swholegenomewillbesequencednotmerelythepartsthoughttobemedicallyrelevantthatthetestingcompaniesnowconcentrateonandhewillthenbeabletocranktheresultsthroughopen-sourceinterpretationsoftwaredownloadablefromanywhereontheplanet.Thatwillcreateproblemsbuttheonlywaytostopthathappeningwouldbetomakeitillegalforsomeonetohavehisgenomesequenced—andnobodyisseriouslysuggestingthatilliberalrestriction. Insteadthenofreactinginahostilefashiontothetrendforpeopletotakegenetictestsgovernmentsshouldbeaskingthemselveshowtheycanmakebestuseofthisnewsourceofinformation.Restrictingaccesstoteststhatinformpeopleaboutbadreactionstodrugscoulddoharm.Therealquestionisnotwhocontrolsaccessbuthowtominimisetherisksandmaximisetherewardsofausefulrevolution. Currentgenetictestsareableto
Therelentlessmarchoftechnologyintoeverydaylifehasalwaysgivenrisetodebateaboutwhetheritisagoodorabadthing.SomebelievethattheInternetandcomputersoftwarearemakinghumansmorestupidorshallow.Butothersarguethatcomputerprogramsintheformofvideogamescanmakepeoplesmarterorimprovespecificskillssuchasspatialawareness. ShawnGreenandAlexandrePougetfromtheUniversityofRochesterinNewYorkstatesetouttofindananswer.TheirstudyreportedinCurrentBiologyinvolvedanumberofexperiments.Inonetheparticipantshadtowatch12dotsmovingrandomlyonascreenandquicklyassesstheiraggregatedirectionofmovement.Anothertestaskedparticipantstoworkoutthedirectionofspecificsoundsembeddedwithinstereowhitenoise.Inbothteststhevideo-garnersdidbetter.Howeverthescientistswereawarethatgamerscouldhavebeenbornwithimprovedabilitiestoperformsuchtaskswhichwerepossiblywhatattractedthemtogaminginthefirstplace.Consequentlyathirdtestwasnecessarytoseeiftheseabilitiescouldhavebeenlearnt. Thenon-gamingvolunteerswereputthrough50hoursofvideo-gametraining.Forsomethisinvolvedplayingfast-actionshoot-em-upgamessuchas"CallofDuty2"and"UnrealTournament"butothersweregivenaslow-movinglife-strategygame"TheSims2".Theresearchersfoundthatthosetrainedwithactiongamesraisedtheirperformancetotheleveloftheexperiencedgarners.MoreovertheyweremoreefficientintheiruseofvisualorauditoryevidencethanthoseplayingwiththeSims. Theresearchersconcludethatfastactionvideo-gamesplayersdevelopanenhancedsensitivitytowhatisgoingonaroundthemandthatthismayhelpwithactivitiessuchasmultitaskingdrivingreadingsmallprintnavigationandkeepingtrackoffriendsorchildreninacrowd.Thepreciseneuralmechanismforthiseffecthoweverisstillunknown. Whatisknownisthatpeoplemakedecisionsbasedonprobabilitiesthatareconstantlybeingcalculatedandrefinedintheirheads—somethingcalled"probabilisticinference".Thebraincollectssmallpiecesofinformationeventuallygatheringenoughtomakeanaccuratedecision.Whendrivingacarforexamplemanyprobabilitieswillbecollatedtomakedecisionssuchaswhetherornottobrake.Themoreefficientsomeoneisatcollectingvisualandauditoryinformationthefasterhecanreachthethresholdneededtomakeadecision. ShawnGreenAlexandrePougetsuggestthatreactiontimesinthepopulationwillprobablyimprovewiththeriseoffast-actionvideo-games.Therearealotofplayers:lastyearareportestimatedthat67%ofAmericanhouseholdscontainedatleastonevideo-gamer.Andifvideo-gamersarereallybetterequippedtomakequickdecisionstheymightalsoturnouttobebetterdriversandendupinfeweraccidents.Howeverthenotionthatgamersacquiresomeminorphysicalskillsmaynotpacifyconcernedparents.Whatafteralloftheskillstheyarenotacquiringwhenshootingvirtualcopsinsteadofreadingortalking Theconclusiondrawnbyresearchersisthat
分区管理中采用最佳适应分配算法时把空闲区按次序登记在空闲区表中
TheaverageAmericandrinksagallonofsodaaweekwhichdeliversroughly1000caloriesandnonutrition.TheaverageAmericanisalsooverweightorobese.Couldchangingoneofthosethingshelpchangetheother Agrowingnumberofofficialsthinksowhichaccountsforaspateofproposednewtaxesonsodaasawaytodiscourageconsumptionwhileatthesametimeraisingmoneytofundotherobesity-fightinginitiatives.Some20statesandcitiesfromNewMexicotoBaltimorecontemplatedsodataxesthisspring. Thereactionagainstthemhasbeenswiftandfierce.InMarchscoresofsoda-companyemployeessportingPepsiCokeand7-UpgearswarmedtheKansasstatesenatetofightaproposalthatwouldhaveaddedapennyintaxforeachteaspoonofsugarinanonjuicedrink.Thatwouldhaveincreasedthepriceofa12-oz.sodabyabout10 andgeneratedsome$90millioninrevenueayear."Ithoughtthisisawisechoice"saysstatesenatorJohnVratilwholikecounterpartsacrossthecountryhasbeenstrugglingtoaddressbotharecession-inducedbudgetgapandrisingpublic-healthcostsstemmingfromobesity.InsteadhegotanearfulabouthowasodataxwouldkilljobsburdenthepoorandconstituteanunwelcomegovernmentintrusionintotheAmericandiet. GovernmentinvolvementinwhatAmericanseatisnothingnew.ButwhytaxsodaandnotsayicecreampizzaorOreos—orforthatmatterthevideogamesthatdiscouragekidsfromgoingoutsidetorunaroundWashingtoncity-councilmemberMaryChehsaysit’sbecausesodaiswherescientistshaveobservedtheclearestlinktoexcesspounds.WhenChehsetouttofundherHealthySchoolsActwhichwouldraisefoodandphysical-educationstandardsatschoolsinD.C.whereabout40%ofkidsareoverweightorobese—shedidn’tknowshe’dwindupgoingaftersoda.Butthedataoverwhelmedher:TheamountofsodathetypicalAmericandrinkshasgrownbyroughly500%overthepast60yearsandofthe250to300caloriesadayAmericanshaveonaverageaddedtotheirdietssincethelate1970snearlyhalfhavecomefromsugareddrinks."Idon’twanttoprescribetaxesforallsortsofdietarychoices"saysCheh"butifweweregoingtoonlytargetonethingtomakeamaterialdifferencesodawouldbeit." Thetougherquestioniswhetherincreasingthepriceofsodawouldinfactreducethenumberofcaloriespeopleconsume.Someresearchindicatestheanswerisyes.Otherresearchleavesroomfordoubt.Thoughstudiesdoshowthata10%increaseinthepriceofsodaleadspeopletopurchaseabout10%lessofitthatdoesn’tnecessarilymeanfolksaren’tmakingupforthosecalorieselsewhere. HowdopeoplefeelaboutsodataxesInApriltheQuinnipiacUniversityPollingInstituteaskedresidentsofNewYorkStateiftheysupportedoropposeda"fattax"onnondietsugaredsoda.Thirty-onepercentwereinfavorand66%wereopposed.Yetwhenaskediftheywouldsupportsuchataxifthemoneyraisedwereusedtofundhealthcarepeoplechangedtheiropinionsdramaticallywith48%infavorandjust49%opposed. Accordingtothepollinthelastparagraphcitizens’attitudetowardsodataxis
TheaverageAmericandrinksagallonofsodaaweekwhichdeliversroughly1000caloriesandnonutrition.TheaverageAmericanisalsooverweightorobese.Couldchangingoneofthosethingshelpchangetheother Agrowingnumberofofficialsthinksowhichaccountsforaspateofproposednewtaxesonsodaasawaytodiscourageconsumptionwhileatthesametimeraisingmoneytofundotherobesity-fightinginitiatives.Some20statesandcitiesfromNewMexicotoBaltimorecontemplatedsodataxesthisspring. Thereactionagainstthemhasbeenswiftandfierce.InMarchscoresofsoda-companyemployeessportingPepsiCokeand7-UpgearswarmedtheKansasstatesenatetofightaproposalthatwouldhaveaddedapennyintaxforeachteaspoonofsugarinanonjuicedrink.Thatwouldhaveincreasedthepriceofa12-oz.sodabyabout10 andgeneratedsome$90millioninrevenueayear."Ithoughtthisisawisechoice"saysstatesenatorJohnVratilwholikecounterpartsacrossthecountryhasbeenstrugglingtoaddressbotharecession-inducedbudgetgapandrisingpublic-healthcostsstemmingfromobesity.InsteadhegotanearfulabouthowasodataxwouldkilljobsburdenthepoorandconstituteanunwelcomegovernmentintrusionintotheAmericandiet. GovernmentinvolvementinwhatAmericanseatisnothingnew.ButwhytaxsodaandnotsayicecreampizzaorOreos—orforthatmatterthevideogamesthatdiscouragekidsfromgoingoutsidetorunaroundWashingtoncity-councilmemberMaryChehsaysit’sbecausesodaiswherescientistshaveobservedtheclearestlinktoexcesspounds.WhenChehsetouttofundherHealthySchoolsActwhichwouldraisefoodandphysical-educationstandardsatschoolsinD.C.whereabout40%ofkidsareoverweightorobese—shedidn’tknowshe’dwindupgoingaftersoda.Butthedataoverwhelmedher:TheamountofsodathetypicalAmericandrinkshasgrownbyroughly500%overthepast60yearsandofthe250to300caloriesadayAmericanshaveonaverageaddedtotheirdietssincethelate1970snearlyhalfhavecomefromsugareddrinks."Idon’twanttoprescribetaxesforallsortsofdietarychoices"saysCheh"butifweweregoingtoonlytargetonethingtomakeamaterialdifferencesodawouldbeit." Thetougherquestioniswhetherincreasingthepriceofsodawouldinfactreducethenumberofcaloriespeopleconsume.Someresearchindicatestheanswerisyes.Otherresearchleavesroomfordoubt.Thoughstudiesdoshowthata10%increaseinthepriceofsodaleadspeopletopurchaseabout10%lessofitthatdoesn’tnecessarilymeanfolksaren’tmakingupforthosecalorieselsewhere. HowdopeoplefeelaboutsodataxesInApriltheQuinnipiacUniversityPollingInstituteaskedresidentsofNewYorkStateiftheysupportedoropposeda"fattax"onnondietsugaredsoda.Thirty-onepercentwereinfavorand66%wereopposed.Yetwhenaskediftheywouldsupportsuchataxifthemoneyraisedwereusedtofundhealthcarepeoplechangedtheiropinionsdramaticallywith48%infavorandjust49%opposed. TheofficialsproposednewtaxesonsodaforallthesepurposesExcept
ThisfallthePewResearchCenterinassociationwithTIMEconductedanationwidepollexploringthecontoursofmodernmarriageandthenewAmericanfamily.Andofallthetransformationsourfamilystructureshaveundergoneinthepast50yearsperhapsthemostprofoundisthemarriagedifferentialthathasopenedbetweentherichandthepoor.In1960themedianhouseholdincomeofmarriedadultswas12%higherthanthatofsingleadultsafteradjustingforhouseholdsize.By2008thisgaphadgrownto41%.Inotherwordsthericherandmoreeducatedyouarethemorelikelyyouaretomarryortobemarried—orconverselyifyou’remarriedyou’remorelikelytobewelloff. TobeginthequestionofwhythewealthdisparitybetweenthemarriedandtheunmarriedhasgrownsomuchitmightbeusefultotakealookatthebriefbutillustrativemarriageofgolferGregNormanandtennisstarChrisEvertwhomarriedinJune2008anddivorced15monthslater.Fromallreportstheirunionhadmanyoftheclassichallmarksofmodernpartnerships.Thebrideandgroomhadroughlyequalsuccessintheircareers.Beingwealthysportyandblondtheyhadsimilarinterests. Thisistypicalofthewaymanymarriagesstart.Americansareincreasinglymarryingpeoplewhoareonthesamesocioeconomicandeducationallevel.Sincemorewomenthanmenhavegraduatedfromcollegeforseveraldecadesit’smorelikelythanitusedtobethatamalecollegegraduatewillmeetfallinlovewithwedandsharethesalaryofawomanwithadegree.Women’sadvancesineducationhaveroughlyparalleledthegrowthoftheknowledgeeconomysothesliceofthefamilybaconshebringshomewillbesubstantial. Onthefaceofitthismightexplainwhyfewerpeoplearemarried.Theywanttofinishcollegefirst.In2010themedianageofmengettinghitchedforthefirsttimeis28.2andforwomenit’s26.1.It’sgoneupaboutayeareverydecadesincethe’60s. Buthere’stherub.Inthepasttwodecadespeoplewithonlyahighschooleducationstartedtogetmarriedevenlaterthancollegegraduates.In1990morehigh-school-educatedcouplesthancollegegraduateshadmadeittothealtarbyage30.By2007itwastheotherwayaround.WhathasbroughtabouttheswitchIt’snotanydisparityindesire.AccordingtothePewsurvey46%ofcollegegraduateswanttogetmarriedand44%ofthelesseducateddo. Promisingpubliclytobesomeone’spartnerforlifeusedtobesomethingpeopledidtolaythefoundationoftheirindependentlife.Itwasthedeclarationofadulthood.Nowit’smoreofafinishingtouchthelastbrickintheedificesociologistsbelieve.Marriageisthecapstoneforboththecollege-educatedandthelesswelleducated"saysJohnsHopkins’Cherlin."Thecollege-educatedwaituntilthey’refinishedwiththeireducationandtheircareersarelaunched.Thelesseducatedwaituntiltheyfeelcomfortablefinancially."Butthatcomfortkeepsgettingmoreelusive."Thelossofdecent-payingjobsthatahigh-school-educatedmanorwomancouldgetmakesitdifficultforthemtogetandstaymarried"saysCherlin.Astheknowledgeeconomyhasovertakenthemanufacturingeconomycouplesinwhichbothpartners’jobopportunitiesaredisappearingaredoublydisadvantaged.Sotheywaittogetmarried. Whichofthefollowingmaybeagreedbothbythewell-educatedandless-educatednowadays
页式存储管理中页表的始地址存放在中
LongbeforetheneweconomymadecatchwordsofspeedcustomizationsupplychainmanagementandinformationsharingSpanishclothingretailerZarawascarryingoutarevolutionofitsown.46Bytranslatingthelatesttrendsintodesignsthataremanufacturedinlessthan15days—anddeliveringthemtoitsstorestwiceaweek—Zarapioneeredanewkindofquickcustom-maderetailingthathastransformedtherelativelylowprofileretailerintoaglobalpowerhouse.NobodyelsecangetnewdesignstostoresasquicklysaysKeithWillsEuropeanretailanalystatGoldmanSachs."Unlessyoucandothatyouwon’tbeinbusinessintenyears." 47NotonlyhasZara—theflagshipstoreofprivatetextilecompanyInditex—distinguisheditselfbytightlyintegratingitsdesignandmanufacturingsystemsbutitsclothinghasfilledanuntappedniche."Armaniatmoderateprices"saysoneGoldmanSachsanalyst.Theformulaseemstobepayingoff:Zarawhichisresponsiblefornearly80%ofInditex’srevenuesopeneditsfirststorein1975andhassinceexpandedtomorethan400storesin25countries.Thoughitdoesn’tgenerateasmuchinrevenuesastheGap$11.6billionorSwedishclothierH&Mabout$3.6billionZara’sparenthadsalesofabout$2billionlastyearwhichrepresenteda26%increasefrom1998.Thecompany’sprofitswereup34%toaround$186millionlastyear. Zaraderivesitscompetitiveadvantagefromanastuteuseofinformationandtechnology.Allofitsstoresareelectronicallylinkedtothecompany’sheadquartersnearLaCorunaamidsizedcityonthenorthwestcoastofSpain.Storemanagersmonitorhowmerchandiseissellingandtransmitthisinformationaswellascustomerrequeststoheadquarters."TheroleofthestoremanagergoeswaybeyondthatofGapandH&M"saysWillsofGoldmanSachs.48Togetherwithtrendspotterswhotraveltheglobeinsearchofnewfashionstoremanagersmakesuretheirdesignershaveaccesstorealtimeinformationwhendecidingwiththecommercialteamonthefabriccutandpricepointsofanewgarment. InadditionInditex’sproductionsystemtrulydifferentiatesZarafromitscompetition.WhiletheGapandH&MoutsourcemostoftheirmanufacturingZaraproduces60%ofitsmerchandiseinhouse.Fabric—whichcomesfromplaceslikeSpaintheFarEastIndiaandMorocco—iscutandcoloredatthecompany’sstateoftheartfactory.Thenusinginformationgatheredfromstoresproductionmanagersdecidehowmanygarmentstomakeandwhichstoreswillgetthem.Finallythefabricissenttolocalshopstobeassembledbeforebeingshippedaroundtheworld.49ThiscombinationofrealtimeinformationsharingandinternalizedproductionmeansthatZaracanworkwithalmostnostockandstillhavenewdesignsinthestoretwiceaweekasopposedtothesixweeksthatittraditionallytakesmostcompetitors. 50ThequestionnowishowfarZarawhichrunsalmostnoadvertisingoutsideofitsbiannualstorewidesalescangowiththeconceptofdesignondemandretailing.ThechainiswellknowninSouthAmericaandEuropewhereitiscurrentlyexpandinginGermany.Internationalsalesaccountedforalmost50%ofitstotal.It’slesswellknownintheU.S.;ithasjustsixstoresintheNewYorkCityarea.Butdon’tunderestimatethisSpanishgiant.Inditexrecentlyannounceditwasexploringapublicofferingandit’sprobablyjustamatteratimebeforeitdispatchesZaratoconquertheNewWorld. 50
不会产生内部碎片的存储管理是
采用段式存储管理时一个程序如何分段是在时决定的
在可变分区管理中采用拼接技术的目的是
Directions Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing．Inyouressayyoushould 1describethedrawingbriefly 2interpretthesocialphenomenonreflectedbythemandthen 3giveyourpointsofview． YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2．
下面的存储管理方案中方式可以采用静态重定位
存储管理方案中可采用覆盖技术
LongbeforetheneweconomymadecatchwordsofspeedcustomizationsupplychainmanagementandinformationsharingSpanishclothingretailerZarawascarryingoutarevolutionofitsown.46Bytranslatingthelatesttrendsintodesignsthataremanufacturedinlessthan15days—anddeliveringthemtoitsstorestwiceaweek—Zarapioneeredanewkindofquickcustom-maderetailingthathastransformedtherelativelylowprofileretailerintoaglobalpowerhouse.NobodyelsecangetnewdesignstostoresasquicklysaysKeithWillsEuropeanretailanalystatGoldmanSachs."Unlessyoucandothatyouwon’tbeinbusinessintenyears." 47NotonlyhasZara—theflagshipstoreofprivatetextilecompanyInditex—distinguisheditselfbytightlyintegratingitsdesignandmanufacturingsystemsbutitsclothinghasfilledanuntappedniche."Armaniatmoderateprices"saysoneGoldmanSachsanalyst.Theformulaseemstobepayingoff:Zarawhichisresponsiblefornearly80%ofInditex’srevenuesopeneditsfirststorein1975andhassinceexpandedtomorethan400storesin25countries.Thoughitdoesn’tgenerateasmuchinrevenuesastheGap$11.6billionorSwedishclothierH&Mabout$3.6billionZara’sparenthadsalesofabout$2billionlastyearwhichrepresenteda26%increasefrom1998.Thecompany’sprofitswereup34%toaround$186millionlastyear. Zaraderivesitscompetitiveadvantagefromanastuteuseofinformationandtechnology.Allofitsstoresareelectronicallylinkedtothecompany’sheadquartersnearLaCorunaamidsizedcityonthenorthwestcoastofSpain.Storemanagersmonitorhowmerchandiseissellingandtransmitthisinformationaswellascustomerrequeststoheadquarters."TheroleofthestoremanagergoeswaybeyondthatofGapandH&M"saysWillsofGoldmanSachs.48Togetherwithtrendspotterswhotraveltheglobeinsearchofnewfashionstoremanagersmakesuretheirdesignershaveaccesstorealtimeinformationwhendecidingwiththecommercialteamonthefabriccutandpricepointsofanewgarment. InadditionInditex’sproductionsystemtrulydifferentiatesZarafromitscompetition.WhiletheGapandH&MoutsourcemostoftheirmanufacturingZaraproduces60%ofitsmerchandiseinhouse.Fabric—whichcomesfromplaceslikeSpaintheFarEastIndiaandMorocco—iscutandcoloredatthecompany’sstateoftheartfactory.Thenusinginformationgatheredfromstoresproductionmanagersdecidehowmanygarmentstomakeandwhichstoreswillgetthem.Finallythefabricissenttolocalshopstobeassembledbeforebeingshippedaroundtheworld.49ThiscombinationofrealtimeinformationsharingandinternalizedproductionmeansthatZaracanworkwithalmostnostockandstillhavenewdesignsinthestoretwiceaweekasopposedtothesixweeksthatittraditionallytakesmostcompetitors. 50ThequestionnowishowfarZarawhichrunsalmostnoadvertisingoutsideofitsbiannualstorewidesalescangowiththeconceptofdesignondemandretailing.ThechainiswellknowninSouthAmericaandEuropewhereitiscurrentlyexpandinginGermany.Internationalsalesaccountedforalmost50%ofitstotal.It’slesswellknownintheU.S.;ithasjustsixstoresintheNewYorkCityarea.Butdon’tunderestimatethisSpanishgiant.Inditexrecentlyannounceditwasexploringapublicofferingandit’sprobablyjustamatteratimebeforeitdispatchesZaratoconquertheNewWorld. 48
LongbeforetheneweconomymadecatchwordsofspeedcustomizationsupplychainmanagementandinformationsharingSpanishclothingretailerZarawascarryingoutarevolutionofitsown.46Bytranslatingthelatesttrendsintodesignsthataremanufacturedinlessthan15days—anddeliveringthemtoitsstorestwiceaweek—Zarapioneeredanewkindofquickcustom-maderetailingthathastransformedtherelativelylowprofileretailerintoaglobalpowerhouse.NobodyelsecangetnewdesignstostoresasquicklysaysKeithWillsEuropeanretailanalystatGoldmanSachs."Unlessyoucandothatyouwon’tbeinbusinessintenyears." 47NotonlyhasZara—theflagshipstoreofprivatetextilecompanyInditex—distinguisheditselfbytightlyintegratingitsdesignandmanufacturingsystemsbutitsclothinghasfilledanuntappedniche."Armaniatmoderateprices"saysoneGoldmanSachsanalyst.Theformulaseemstobepayingoff:Zarawhichisresponsiblefornearly80%ofInditex’srevenuesopeneditsfirststorein1975andhassinceexpandedtomorethan400storesin25countries.Thoughitdoesn’tgenerateasmuchinrevenuesastheGap$11.6billionorSwedishclothierH&Mabout$3.6billionZara’sparenthadsalesofabout$2billionlastyearwhichrepresenteda26%increasefrom1998.Thecompany’sprofitswereup34%toaround$186millionlastyear. Zaraderivesitscompetitiveadvantagefromanastuteuseofinformationandtechnology.Allofitsstoresareelectronicallylinkedtothecompany’sheadquartersnearLaCorunaamidsizedcityonthenorthwestcoastofSpain.Storemanagersmonitorhowmerchandiseissellingandtransmitthisinformationaswellascustomerrequeststoheadquarters."TheroleofthestoremanagergoeswaybeyondthatofGapandH&M"saysWillsofGoldmanSachs.48Togetherwithtrendspotterswhotraveltheglobeinsearchofnewfashionstoremanagersmakesuretheirdesignershaveaccesstorealtimeinformationwhendecidingwiththecommercialteamonthefabriccutandpricepointsofanewgarment. InadditionInditex’sproductionsystemtrulydifferentiatesZarafromitscompetition.WhiletheGapandH&MoutsourcemostoftheirmanufacturingZaraproduces60%ofitsmerchandiseinhouse.Fabric—whichcomesfromplaceslikeSpaintheFarEastIndiaandMorocco—iscutandcoloredatthecompany’sstateoftheartfactory.Thenusinginformationgatheredfromstoresproductionmanagersdecidehowmanygarmentstomakeandwhichstoreswillgetthem.Finallythefabricissenttolocalshopstobeassembledbeforebeingshippedaroundtheworld.49ThiscombinationofrealtimeinformationsharingandinternalizedproductionmeansthatZaracanworkwithalmostnostockandstillhavenewdesignsinthestoretwiceaweekasopposedtothesixweeksthatittraditionallytakesmostcompetitors. 50ThequestionnowishowfarZarawhichrunsalmostnoadvertisingoutsideofitsbiannualstorewidesalescangowiththeconceptofdesignondemandretailing.ThechainiswellknowninSouthAmericaandEuropewhereitiscurrentlyexpandinginGermany.Internationalsalesaccountedforalmost50%ofitstotal.It’slesswellknownintheU.S.;ithasjustsixstoresintheNewYorkCityarea.Butdon’tunderestimatethisSpanishgiant.Inditexrecentlyannounceditwasexploringapublicofferingandit’sprobablyjustamatteratimebeforeitdispatchesZaratoconquertheNewWorld. 46
某基于动态分区存储管理的计算机其主存容量为55MB初始为空采用最佳适配BestFit算法分配和释放的顺序为分配15MB分配30MB释放15MB分配8MB分配6MB此时主存中最大空闲分区的大小是
[A]SharetheResponsibility [B]KeepYourReceipts [C]CutBadHabits [D]BalanceYourCheckbook [E]RemainFlexible [F]PayDownDebt [G]FocusonSavings Youhaveabigexpensecomingup.Youneedabettercarorabiggerhomeoryouwanttogobacktocollege.WhatdoyoudoBorrowborrowborrow——rightWellmaybenot.Ifyou’vecreatedabudgetyouknowexactlyhowmuchmoneyyouhavecominginandhowmuchisgoingout.Youcanmakesomeplansconcerningthatbigexpense.Butifyoudon’thaveabudgetplanyouprobablydon’thaveaverygoodpictureofyourfinancesandyoumaybetemptedtoborrowmoremoneyratherthansqueezingallyoucanfromyourincome.It’sdefinitelybetterinthelongrun——foryouandforyourmoney——tohaveabudget. 41.______ Bynowyou’vesetupyourbudget.Youknowhowmuchmoneyyouhave.Butyoucouldstillusesomehelpstayingonbudget.Herearesometipsthatcanhelpyousticktoyourbudgetandgetaheadonthatmajorpurchase.Determinetheamountofyourbudgetthatyoucanaffordtosaveeachmonth.Haveitdirect-depositedtoyoursavingsaccountortoyourmutualfund.Whereveryoudecidetokeepyoursavingsmakesureyouputmoneyintoiteverymonth.Thatsavingswillmakeabigdifferenceforyoulater. 42.______ Whetherit’salcoholortobaccoifyouusemuchofeitheryouknowhowexpensivebadhabitscanbe.Stopsmokinganddrinkingandputthebeer/cigarettemoneytowardyourotherexpenses.You’llseeyourbillscomedown——andfeelyourhealthimprove——innotime.You’llalsosaveonhealthcareexpensesdowntheroadandyoumaybecomeeligibleforlowerinsurancepremiums. 43.______ Makesureyou’renottheonlymemberofyourhouseholdconcernedaboutyourbudget.Ifyou’reworkinghardtosavemoneybutyourspouseisoutspendingyouintodebtyou’refightingalosingbattle.Sitdowntogetherandmakeaplantodeterminehowmuchspendingmoneyyoushouldeachhave.Thencheckineveryweektoseehowwellyou’redoing.Iftheentirefamilysharestheresponsibilityforthebudgeteveryonecancutbackjustalittleandmakeabigdifference.Onepersonshouldn’thavetoshouldertheentireburdenalone. 44.______ Ifyouhavecreditcarddebtyoumayfeellikeit’sgoingtotakeforevertopayitoff.Butyoucangetaheadbychoosingonecard——ideallytheonewiththehighestinterestrate——andpayingasmuchasyoucanoniteverymonth.Ifyouhaveothercardspaytheminimumbalanceonthoseuntilyou’vepaidoffthefirstcard.Thenchoosethenextcardandpayextraonitwhileyoupayminimumsontheothers.Ifyoupayonlytheminimumsonallyourcardsyou’llbepayingalotmoreininterestthanyoumayrealize. 45.______ Youprobablymonitoredyourexpensesforseveralweekstomakeabudget.Oncethebudgetismadethoughitcanbetemptingtostopkeepingupwitheverylittleexpense.Butkeepingtrackreallycanhelpyousticktoyourbudget.Saveyourreceiptsandwritedowntheplacesyouspendmoney.You’llbelesslikelytooverspendifyourealizehowmuchmoneyhasactuallygonethroughyourhands. 42
采用分页或分段管理后提供给用户的物理地址空间
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