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(05·山东E.篇) A device that stops drivers from falling asleep at the wheel is about to undergo te...
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高中英语《2012 7年高考5年模拟试题汇编：阅读理解之科普知识类》真题及答案
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NASA’stwinMarsroversSpiritandOpportunityhavebeenexploringtheRedPlanetsince2004.ButalittlemorethanayearagoNASAlostcontactwithSpirit.ThespaceagencyhastriedseveralwaystomakecontactwiththeroverbutSpirithasnotsentbackanysignals.SpiritlandedonMarsonJanuary42004.ThreeweekslaterOpportunityarriveD.SoonaftertheroverswenttotheoppositesideofMars.Spirit’soriginalmissionwasonlydesignedtolastforthreemonthsbutSpirithasworkedformorethanfiveyearsdoingadditionalmissions.BothrovershavemadeimportantdiscoveriesaboutancientMars.TheyhavetakenthousandsofimagesandfoundevidenceintherocksofawaterwarmerpastinMars’history.Spiritissolar-powereD.ItgotstuckinasandtrapinApril2009trappeddeepintothesoilandwithitswheelsturningaroundandaroundbutnotabletomoveforwardsorbackwards.Spirithadtoagreethatthereisnothingthatcanbedonetochangethesituation—it’snevergoingtomoveagain.Howeverevenifitisanotmovingstationitcanstillstudytheplanet’satmosphereanddeepinterior.NASAhasbeenconcentratingontryingtopositionitssolarpanelstogetasmuchenergyfromthesunaspossibleortogettheroverleaninginamannerthatwillallowthemostamountofsunlightfallingonitssolarpanelsinordertokeepitaliveduringthecomingwintermonths.Engineershaveplannedtorockthevehiclebackandforthtoacquireamorefavorableposition.HowevernomatterhowmanyeffortshavebeenmadeSpiritstillcouldnotgetoutofthesoftsoilandcouldnotleanitselftowardthesunastheMartianwinterapproacheD.WithoutenoughenergyreachingitssolarpanelsandwithsolittleenergyinitsbatteriesitwentintohibernationjustlikeapolarbearandhasnotcommunicatedwithEarthsinceMarch222010.WhateverthefutureholdsforSpirititsmissionhasbeenanoutstandingsuccess.WhenitlandedontheRedPlanetinJanuary2004noonewasreallysurehowlongitwouldcontinueworkinginthecoldanddustyenvironment.Asamatteroffactthreemonthswasitsoriginalgoal.AftersomanyfruitlesseffortsNASAscientistsarelosinghopeofeverreconnectingwithSpiritbuttheywillgiveitonemoretry.GroundcontrollersarecontactingSpiritoverarangeoffrequenciesandatdifferenttimesduringthedayincaseitsinternalclockstoppedworkinganditlosttrackoftimE.TheyalsoarecommandingtherovertoturnonitsbackupradiotransmitterincasethemainoneisdeaD.Ifthisfinalefforttoconnectisn’tsuccessfulNASAwillshiftthefocustoitstwinrobotOpportunitywhichisinadifferentpartofMars.Opportunityisstillonthemoveandcontinuestotravelfreelytothisday.Ithastraveled16.6milessofarandiscurrentlyrollingtowardsanothercraterithasyettoexplorE.NASAhasspentmorethan$900millionontheprojectbutshowsnosignofgivinguponthesedeterminedandhard-workingrobots.TheroversarethoughexperiencinggradualwearandteartheexpecteddamagetosomethingcausedbyusingitrepeatedlyoveraperiodoftimE.EvenbeforeSpiritgottrappedoneofitswheelshadfaileD.AndNASAsaysit’sjustamatteroftimebeforebothrobotsbreakdowncompletely.50.AccordingtothepassagewhatcanweknowaboutSpirit?A.IthadexploredMarsseveraltimes.B.Itsoriginalmissionwastoworkforfiveyears.C.ItlandedonMarsthreeweekslaterthanOpportunity.D.ItdiscoveredthatMarswasonceawarmandwaterplacE.51.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingisNOTwhatNASAdid?A.TrytoleanSpirittomakeitgetasmuchsunlightaspossiblE.B.RockSpiritbackandforthtomakeitacquireamorefavorableposition.C.MakeeffortstohelpSpiritgetoutofthesoftsoilwhereitisstuck.D.ContactandorderSpirittoturnonitsbackupradiotransmitter.52.ThereasonwhySpiritfailedtocommunicatewiththeEarthisthat________.A.itdidn’thaveenoughenergyB.ithadfinisheditstaskC.somethingwaswrongwithitswheelsD.itmetanunidentifiedcreature53.BysayingNASAwillshiftthefocusinParagraph7theauthormeansthat______.A.NASAwillmovethecenterofSpiritoutofthesandB.NASAwilldependonOpportunitytodotheexplorationC.NASAwilldonothingbutwaitforsomeopportunityD.NASAwillmakeopportunityhelpSpirit54.Thelastparagraphmainlyinformsusthat_______.Ks5uA.NASAhasplannedtospendmoremoneyonSpiritB.SpiritwillbebroughtbacktoEarthC.SpiritwillstopoperatingtotallyinthefutureD.SpiritwillcausedamagetoMars55.What’sthetextmainlyabout?A.NASAmakesthelastefforttocontactSpirit.B.SpirithasmademanyimportantdiscoveriesonMars.C.HowSpiritgotstuckandcouldn’tmoveonMars.D.WhyNASAtriedmanywaystocontactSpirit.
Batteriescanpoweranythingfromsmallsensorstolargesystems.Whilescientistsarefindingwaystomakethemsmallerbutevenmorepowerfulproblemscanarisewhenthesebatteriesaremuchlargerandheavierthanthedevicesthemselves.UniversityofMissouriMUresearchersaredevelopinganuclearenergysourcethatissmallerlighterandmoreefficient.ToprovideenoughpowerweneedcertainmethodswithhighenergydensitysaidJaeKwonassistantprofessorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringatMU.Theradioisotope放射性同位素batterycanprovidepowerdensitythatismuchhigherthanchemicalbatteries.Kwonandhisresearchteamhavebeenworkingonbuildingasmallnuclearbatterypresentlythesizeandthicknessofapennyintendedtopowervariousmicro/nanoelectromechanicalsystemsM/NEMS.AlthoughnuclearbatteriescancauseconcernsKwonsaidtheyaresafE.Peopleheartheword‘nuclear’andthinkofsomethingverydangeroushesaidHowevernuclearpowersourceshavealreadybeensafelypoweringavarietyofdevicessuchaspace-makersspacesatellitesandunderwatersystems.Hisnewideaisnotonlyinthebattery’ssizebutalsoinitssemiconductor半导体.Kwon’sbatteryusesaliquidsemiconductorratherthanasolidsemiconductor.ThekeypartofusingaradioactivebatteryisthatwhenyouharvesttheenergypartoftheradiationenergycandamagethelatticestructureofthesolidsemiconductorKwonsaidByusingaliquidsemiconductorwebelievewecanminimizethatproblem.TogetherwithJ.DavidRobertsonchemistryprofessorandassociatedirectoroftheMUResearchReactorKwonisworkingtobuildandtestthebattery.Inthefuturetheyhopetoincreasethebattery’spowershrinkitssizeandtrywithvariousothermaterials.Kwonsaidthatbatterycouldbethinnerthanthethicknessofhumanhair.41.WhichofthefollowingistrueofJaeKwon?A.HeteacheschemistryatMU.B.Hedevelopedachemicalbattery.C.HeisworkingonanuclearenergysourcE.D.Hemadeabreakthroughincomputerengineering.42.JaeKwongaveexamplesinParagraph4_________.A.toshowchemicalbatteriesarewidelyapplieD.B.tointroducenuclearbatteriescanbesafelyuseD.C.todescribeanuclear-poweredsystem.D.tointroducevariousenergysources.43.Liquidsemiconductorisusedto_________.A.getridoftheradioactivewasteB.testthepowerofnuclearbatteries.C.decreasethesizeofnuclearbatteriesD.reducethedamagetolatticestructurE.44.AccordingtoJaeKwonhisnuclearbattery_______.A.usesasolidsemiconductorB.willsoonreplacethepresentones.C.couldbeextremelythinD.haspassedthefinaltest.45.Thetextismostprobablya________.A.sciencenewsreportB.bookreviewC.newspaperadD.sciencefictionstory
ScientistsmadeagreatbreakthroughthisyearinEnglandwhenthefirsttesttubebabywasborn.Thebirthwastheresultofmanyyearsofresearchbydoctors.Thedoctorsdidtheresearchingroupstohelpthewomenwhocannotconceiveababyinthenormalway.Whathappenedwhenthebabywasbornfromatesttube?Wellthebabydidnotliterallygrowinatesttube.Thefirststageoftheprocesswasthattheeggfromthewomanandthespermfromthemanwereputtogetherinthetesttube.Afteralltheembryowasputintothewombofawoman.Thisprocesswasdifficult.Butitwassuccessfulsothebabywaseventuallybornlikeanyotherfromawomanonlythewomanwasn'tthebaby'srealmotherbutasortofcarrierofababyproducedbyanothercouple.Obviouslythismethodistohelpthecoupleswhocan'thavechildrenbecauseofphysicalproblemsinthewoman.Butverydifficultmoralproblemsariseinthekindofsituation.Takeitforinstanceacasethathappenedthisyear.Acouplewhowantedababyadvertisedforawomantohaveachildbythefatherofthecouple.Theyofferedthewomanalotofmoney.Thewomanwasmadepregnantbyartificialinsemination;inthiscasethewomanemployedtobearthechildwasitsrealmother.Whenthebabywasbornthewomanrefusedtogiveitbacktothecouple.Butintheeyesofthelawthewomanhadarighttokeepthechildrenbecauseshewasitsbiologicalmother.Youcouldarguethatweshouldchangethelawtodealwiththiskindofsituation.Inearliertimestherewerealwayshealthybabiesneedingadoptionbecausefamilyplanningmethodswerenotsoeffectiveastheyarenow.Thesedayshowevermostofthechildrenwhocanbeadoptedareoversixyearsoldoftenhandicappedinsomeway.Soacouplewhowantayounghealthybabycannotalwaysadoptonethisiswhythetesttubebabyisindemand.Butisitnormallyrighttousethismethod?Shouldwetemperwithnatureinthisway?Evenifwechangethelawwouldthisbetherightsteptotake?64.Thebirthofthefirsttest-tubebabyisagreatadvance_____.A.onmedicalscienceB.inbirthcontrolC.ontheresearchforbabiesD.inthelivesofmarriedwomen65.Whenwesayababywasbornfromatest-tubewemean_____.A.thebabydidn'tdevelopinthewombofawomanB.thebabyhasnobiologicalparentsC.theembryowasformedinthetesttubeD.thebabygrewinthetest-tubebeforeitwasborn66.Accordingtothelawwhohasrighttokeepthebabyproducedbytheartificialmethod?A.Thecouplewhowantababy.B.Thebiologicalmotherofthechild.C.Thepersonwhopaysthemoneytotherealmother.D.Thefatherwhoadvertisesforabiologicalmother.67.Accordingtothepassagepeopleneedtest-tubebabybecause_____.A.familyplanningmethodsarenoteffective.B.theycan'talwaysadoptayounghealthybabyC.theyareunwillingtoadoptachild.D.therearesomanybabiesneedingadoption.
About97%oftheworld'swaterissaltyandisfoundinouroceansandseas.Butaswecan'tdrinkseawaterhowcanitbeimportant?Everypartofourseasandoceanscontainsanamazingnumberofanimalsandfishthatliveatdifferentoceandepths.MostofthedifferentspeciesofanimalsandfishdependonsimpleplantsfortheirfooD.Thesesimpleplantscalledalgae海藻driftnearthesurfaceoftheoceanandusesunlighttoturncarbondioxideandwaterintofoodandoxygen.InfactalgaeproduceoverhalfoftheoxygenpeoplebreathE.Howimportantseawateris!Eachplantoranimalinourseasandoceansisanimportantlinkinafoodchain.Thealgaeareeateninlargeamountsbymicroscopicanimalswhichareinturnconsumedbylargeranimals.ThesefoodchainsaredelicatelybalanceD.Thebadnewsaboutthefoodchainsintheoceansisthattheyareunderthreatbecauseofman.Peopleoncethoughtthattheoceansweresobigthatitdidn'tmatterifwedumpedrubbishintothemorcaughthugequantitiesoffishandwhalesforfooD.Butwenowknowthisisnottrueandfishstocksintheoceanshavestartedtodrop.Thankfullytheworldistakingstepstoprotectthefutureofouroceansbyintroducinginternationalagreementstoprotectmarinehabitats.Mostcountrieshaveintroducedfishingrestrictionstoprotectfishstocksintheoceansandnewtechniquesarebeingpioneeredtocopewithpollution.FinallytheimportanceofprotectingoceansisbeingmadeknowntomorepeoplE.ThisisjustthebeginningofalongprocesstoprotecttheoceansforourfuturE.Wedependontheoceansforfishwhichareanimportantpartofthehumandiet.Howimportantseawateris!6.Whichofthefollowingistheproperorderofthefoodchain?A.smallanimals→algae→microscopicanimals→largeanimals→man.B.algae→microscopicanimals→largeanimals→largeranimals→man.C.smallanimals→algae→largeanimals→microscopicanimals→man.D.microscopicanimals→algae→largeanimals→largeranimals→man.7.Peopleusedtothinkthattherubbishthrownintothesea________.A.wouldn'tharmthefishintheseaB.wouldchangethebalanceofthefoodchainC.wouldbebrokendownintheseaD.wouldn'tdomuchharmtothesea8.Fromthepassagewelearnthat________.A.mostfishandseaanimalsliveatthesurfaceoftheseasB.itisverydifficulttobreakthebalanceofafoodchainC.excessivefishinghascausedthedecreaseinfishstockD.itwon'tbelongbeforetheproblemsconcerningoceanswillbesolved9.WhichofthefollowingisNOTawaybeingusedtoprotectoceans?A.Theuseofinternationalagreements.B.Forbiddingfishingtoprotectfishstocks.C.Theuseofnewtechniques.D.Raisingpeople'sawarenessoftheneedtoprotectoceans.10.WhatwouldbetheBESTtitleofthepassage?A.Theimportanceofseawater.B.Lifeintheoceans.C.Howtoprotectfoodchains.D.Howtodealwithseawaterpollution.
Themakingofglassisaveryoldindustry---atleast4500yearsolD.Glasshasmanyextraordinaryqualitiesanditisoftenbeingusedinnewways.Oneofthemostinterestingnewusesforglassisintelephonecommunication.Scientistshavedevelopedglassfibersasthinashumanhairwhicharedesignedtocarrylightsignal.Whenthelightreachestheotherenditisfirstchangedintoelectricalsignalswhichareinturnchangedintosoundmessages.CalledlightwavecommunicationthenewsystemwasusedsuccessfullyinanexperimentinChicagoin1977.Duringtheexperimenttwoglassfiberswereabletocarry672conversationsatthesametimE.Thelightwavecablecontaining144glassfibersisabletocarry50000conversationsatthesametimE.Thelightwavecommunicationsystemhastwoimportantadvantages.Firsttheglassfibercablesaresmallerandweighlessthancoppercables.Secondtheycostless.Perhapsitcanbesaidthattelephonecommunicationhasenteredtheageoflight.56.Accordingtothepassagepeoplestartedtomakeglass______.A.4500yearsagoB.nolessthan4500yearsagoC.lessthan4500yearsagoD.nearly4500yearsago57.Oneoftheextraordinaryqualitiesofglassisthatitcancarry______.A.soundsignalsB.lightsignalsC.electricsignalsD.anysignals58.Accordingtothepassagethenewtelephonecommunicationsystem______.A.hasbeenputintoactualuseB.wasputintoactualusein1977C.wasputonexperimentin1977D.hadbeenrepeatedlyexperimentedonbefore197759.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?A.Glassisveryusefulbecauseithasmanyunusualqualities.B.Lightsignalshavechangedtheuseofglassinindustry.C.Glassfibreshavereducedthecostoftelephonecommunication.D.Theuseofglassfibrestocarrytelephonemessagesisaninterestingnewdevelopment.
TwohoursfromthetallbuildingsofManhattanandPhiladelphialivesomeoftheworld’slargestblackbears.TheyareinnorthernPennsylvania’sPoconoMountainsahometheysharewithanabundanceofotherwildlifE.Thestreamslakesmeadows草地mountainridgesandforeststhatmakethePoconosanidealplaceforblackbearshavealsoattractedmorepeopletotheregion.Openspacesarethreatenedbyplansforhousingestatesandimportanthabitatsareendangeredbyhighwayconstruction.ToprotectthePoconosnaturalbeautyfromirresponsibledevelopmenttheNatureConservancy大自然保护协会namedtheareaoneofAmerica’sLastGreatPlaces.Operatingoutofacentury-oldschoolhouseinthevillageofLongPondPennsylvaniatheconservancy’sbudCookisworkingwithlocalpeopleandbusinessleaderstobalanceeconomicgrowthwithenvironmentalprotection.BydevelopingpartnershipswithpeoplelikeFrancisAltemosetheConservancyhasbeenabletoprotectmorethan14000acresofenvironmentallyimportantlandintheareA.Altemose’sfamilyhasfarmedinthePoconoareaforgenerations.TwoyearsagoFrancisworkedwiththeConservancytoincludehisfarminacountyfarmlandprotectionprogram.Asaresulthisfamily’slandcanbeprotectedfromdevelopmentandtheAltemoseswillbebetterabletoprovideasecurefinancialfuturefortheir7-year-oldgrandson.CookowestheConservancy’ssuccessinthePoconostohavingalocalpresenceandacommitmenttoworkingwithlocalresidents.ThekeytoprotectingtheseremarkablelandsisconnectingwiththelocalcommunityCooksaiD.ThepeoplewholivethererespectthelanD.TheyvaluequietforestsclearstreamsandabundantwildlifE.Theyareeagertohelpwithconservationeffort.FormoreinformationonhowyoucanhelptheNatureConservancyprotectthePoconosandtheworld’sotherLastGreatPlacespleasecall1-888-5646864orvisitusontheWorldWideWebatwww.tnC.org.53.ThepurposeinnamingthePoconosasoneofAmerica’sLastGreatPlacesisto________.A.gainsupportfromthelocalcommunityB.protectitfromirresponsibledevelopmentC.makeitabetterhomeforblackbearsD.providefinancialsecurityforfuturegenerationsB.54.Welearnfromthepassagethat________.A.thepopulationinthePoconoareaisgrowingB.wildlifeinthePoconoareaisdyingoutrapidlyC.thesecurityofthePoconoresidentsisbeingthreatenedD.farmlandsinthePoconoareaareshrinkingfastA.55.WhatisimportantinprotectingthePoconosaccordingtoCook?A.ThesettingupofanenvironmentalprotectionwebsiteB.SupportfromorganizationslikeTheNatureConservancyC.CooperationwiththelocalresidentsandbusinessleadersD.Inclusionoffarmlandsintheregion’sprotectionprogram56.Thepassagemostprobablyis________.A.anofficialdocumentB.anewsstoryC.anadvertisementD.aresearchreport
Theamountofwaterintheworldisfinite有限的.Thenumberofpeopleisgrowingfastandwateruseisgrowingevenfaster.Globalwaterconsumptionrosesixtimesbetween1900and1995—morethandoubletherateofpopulationgrowth.Asimportantasquantityisquality—withpollutionincreasinginsomeareastheamountofuseablewaterdeclines.Andthewidereffectsofwatershortagesarejustasfrighteningastheprospectofhavingtoolittletodrink.SeventypercentofthewaterusedworldwideisusedforagriculturE.Muchmorewillbeneededifwearetofeedtheworld'sgrowingpopulation.AndconsumptionwillrisefurtherasmorepeopleexpectWestern－stylelifestylesanddiets—onekilogramofgrain－fedbeefneedsatleast15cubicmetresofwaterwhileakiloofcereals谷物needsonlyuptothreecubicmetres.Newtechnologycanhelphoweverespeciallybycleaninguppollutionandsomakingmorewateruseableandinagriculturewherewaterusecanbemadefarmoreefficient.Drought－resistant抗旱的plantscanalsohelp.Theoptimistssayvirtualwatermaysavetheday—thewatercontainedincropswhichcouldbeexportedfromwater－richcountriestodryones.Buttheamountsinvolvedwouldbehugeandtheenergyneededtotransportthewaterwouldbeenormous巨大的.Inanycaseitisnotjustuswhoneedwaterbuteveryotherspeciesthatsharestheplanetwithus.Wehavetorethinkhowmuchwaterwereallyneedifwearetolearnhowtosharetheearth'ssupply.Whiledamsandotherlarge－scaleschemesplayabigroleworldwidethereisalsoagrowingrecognitionofthevalueofusingthewaterwealreadyhavemoreefficientlyratherthanharvestingevermorefromourrivers.Formillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldgettingitrightisamatteroflifeanddeath.1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsonwaterconsumptionisNOTtrue?A.AgricultureconsumesmorethanhaftofthewaterusedintheworlD.B.Thegrowingpopulationworsensthewatershortagesituation.C.Lifestylesplayanimportantroleinwaterconsumption.D.TheWesternwayofagricultureusesmorewaterthantheAsianway.2.Virtualwaterreferstothewaterthat________.A.ishiddenincropsB.issavedinagricultureC.canbetransportedD.canbereusedwiththeaidoftheInternet3.Inthelastparagraphtheauthormainly________.A.criticizesbigprojectssuchasdamsB.criticizestheuseofriverwaterC.callsfortheprotectionofotherspeciesD.callsforthemoreefficientuseofwater4.What'sthemainideaofthetext?A.WaterismainlywastedinagriculturE.B.Waterpollutionisthreateningourhealth.C.Shortageofwaterisaveryseriousproblem.D.PopulationgrowinginfluenceswaterusE.
Scientistshavesearchedformanyyearsforamethodtotellwhetheravolcano火山explosionwillbesmallorlargE.Nowfourscientistssaytheyhavediscoveredsomethinginlava熔岩thatwillhelpdothis.TheydidtheresearchonMountUnzenonthesouthernJapaneseislandofKyushu.MountUnzenexplodedinNovember1990.Sincethenmoreexplosionshavekilled43peopleanddestroyedthehomesofmorethan2000others.Thevolcanoisstillactivetoday.Thescientistssaythelavaofthevolcanocontainshighlevelofanelement成份whichisasignofthepresenceofthelavafromdeepintheearthnotfromthesurfacE.Theysayitshowsthatthelavacomingdirectlyfrominsidetheearthisconnectedwithhugeexplosionsinsteadofsmallerones.Thescientistsexaminedthelavafrom18explosionsofMountUnzenthattookplaceduringmanythousandsofyears.TheyalsostudiedthelavafromothervolcanoesintheareathatareolderthanMountUnzen.Thelavastudiedcamefrombothlargeandsmallexplosions.Thescientistsfoundthatlargeexplosionscontainedmoreoftheelementthansmallones.ThescientistssayiftheyhadknownthistwoyearsearliertheycouldhavewarnedthepeoplelivingintheareanearMountUnzenandsavedmanylives.56.Scientistshavesearchedforalongtimeinorderto______.A.tellwhetheravolcanoexplosionwillbesmallorlargeB.tellwhetheravolcanoexplosionwillbeworthyornotC.tellthenumberofactivevolcanoesintheworldD.findifthereisanyvolcanoinJapan57.FromthepassagewelearnthatMountUnzenisthenameof______.A.anactivevolcanoB.aJapaneseislandC.ahugevolcanoexplosionD.akindoflava58.Wheredoeslavacomefrom?A.Itcomesfromthedeepestpartoftheocean.B.ItcomesfromtheearthsurfacE.C.NotmentionedinthepassagE.D.Itisfromdeeppartintheearth.59.Thefourscientistsdiscoveredthattheleveloftheelementcontainedinthelavacouldtell______.A.theplaceofapossibleexplosionB.thedegreeofavolcanoexplosionC.thenumberofvolcanoexplosionsD.thetimeofapossibleexplosion60.Theresearchofthefourscientistswasbasedon______.A.thelavafromdifferentexplosionsintheareaB.thepresenceofthelavafromthesurfaceC.thedamagescausedbythe1990explosionD.thelavathatcausedexplosions
EdmundHalleywasanEnglishscientistwholivedover200yearsago.Hestudiedtheobservationsofcomets彗星whichotherscientistshadmadE.Theorbitofoneparticularcometwasaverydifficultmathematicalproblem.Hecouldnotfigureitout.Neithercouldotherscientistswhodealtwithsuchproblems.HoweverHalleyhadafriendnamedIsaacNewtonwhowasabrilliantmathematician.Newtonthoughthehadalreadyworkedoutthatproblembuthecouldnotfindthepapersonwhichhehaddoneit.HetoldHalleythattheorbitofacomethadtheshapeofanellipse椭圆形.NowHalleysettowork.Hefiguredout解决计算出theorbitsofsomeofthecometsthathadbeenobservedbyscientists.Hemadeasurprisingdiscovery.Thecometsthathadappearedintheyears15311607and1682allhadthesameorbit.Yettheirappearancehadbeen75to76yearsapart.ThisseemedverystrangetoHalley.Threedifferentcometsfollowedthesameorbit.ThemoreHalleythoughtaboutitthemorehisthoughtthattherehadbeenthreedifferentcometsaspeoplethought.Hedecidedthattheyhadsimplyseenthesamecometthreetimes.Thecomethadgoneawayandhadcomebackagain.Itwasanastonishingidea!Halleyfeltcertainthoughttomakeaprediction预言ofwhatwouldhappeninthefuturE.Hedecidedthatthiswouldappearintheyear1758.Therewere53yearstogobeforeHalley'spredictioncouldbetesteD.In1758thecometappearedinthesky.HalleydidnotseeitforhehaddiedsomeyearsbeforE.EversincethenthatcomethadbeencalledHalley'scometinhishonour.6.EdmundHalleyfiguredouttheorbitof______.A.somedifferentcometsappearingseveraltimesB.thesamecometappearingatdifferenttimesC.threedifferentcometsappearingatthesametimeD.severalcometsappearingatthesametime7.Halleymadehisdiscovery______.A.bydoingexperimentsB.bymeansofhisowncarefulobservationC.byusingtheworkingofotherscientistsD.bychance8.Halleymadeasurprisingbutcorrectpredictionintheyear______.A.1704B.1705C.1706D.17079.Thispassageingeneralisabout______.A.HalleyandotherscientistsB.theorbitofacometC.NewtonandHalleyD.Halleyandhisdiscovery10.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.EdmundHalleywasanAmericanscientist.B.Halleymadehisdiscoverybydoingexperiments.C.IsaacNewtonwasafamousmathematician.D.TheorbitofacomethadtheshapeofarounD.
Motoristsovertheageof75facecompulsorytestsoftheireyesightandabilitytodriveunderproposalsbeingconsideredbyministers.Thebiggestoverhaulofmotoringlawinagenerationcouldalsoleadtoalldrivershavingtogiveassurances保证oftheirfitnesstogetbehindthewheelevery10years.Otherchangesunderconsiderationincludeissuing发放daylightdrivinglicensesformotoristswithnightblindnesstogetherwithstricterchecksonalldriverswhosemedicalconditionbroughtathreattootherroadusers.Itisunderstoodthattheproposalswillbepartofareviewofthelawgoverningthemedicalfitnessofdriversthatwillbeannouncedpubliclybythesummer.TheDriverandVehicleLicensingAgencyisdealingwitharisingnumberofmotoristswhoareconcernedthattheyhaveconditions---fromfailingeyesighttoepilepsy---thatcouldaffecttheirdriving.In2006theDVLAdealtwith600000motoristswhosephysicalabilitytodriveneededtoberecertified重新认证a20percentriseonthepreviousyear.Withanageingpopulationthebiggestchallengeisdealingwiththerisingnumberofelderlymotorists.By2021therewillbeanestimatedthreemilliondriversovertheageof70onBritain’sroads.Driversmustrenewtheirlicensesattheageof70andeverythreeyearsthereafter.TheapplicantislegallyrequiredtotelltheDVLAofanyconditionsthatcouldweakentheirabilitybehindthewheel.Ministershaveruledoutacompulsorymaximumagefordrivingbutwillinsteadrelyontighteningupthechecksonmotoristsovertheageof75.Themostlikelyoptionwouldbeteststoensuremotoristswerefittodrive.Theywouldincludeaneyesighttestandacognitive认知testthatwouldproveadriver'sabilitytoreacttoroadsignsdrivingconditionspedestriansandvehicles.Howeverchecksarelikelytobetightenedatallages.Thestrictestcontrolsareexpectedtobeimposed强制onmotoristsofanyagewhohavehadaheartattackorstroke.Theycouldhavetoproduceadoctor'sapprovaltoresume重新得到driving.Anyonemakingafalsedeclarationwouldbeguiltyofacriminaloffence.56.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Thenewmotoringlawwillcomeintoeffectbythesummer.B.Driversovertheageof75mustrenewtheirlicenseseverythreeyears.C.Doctorswilldecidewhetheronecangettheirdrivinglicenses.D.Driversatallageswillbeexpectedtoprovidetheirmedicalcondition.57.WhatisthebiggestchallengetothetrafficsafetyinBritainaccordingtothewriter?A.Ageingpopulation.B.Increasingnumberofcars.C.Increasingnumberofelderlymotorists.D.Drivingconditions.58.TheunderlinedwordoverhaulinParagraph2means_______.A.changeB.considerationC.concernD.challenge59.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.TherewillbemoreandmoreageddriversinBritain.B.Anyonecangetadrivinglicenseaslongashe/sheisingoodhealth.C.Healthtendstodeclineasonegetsold.D.Itwillbeguiltytomakeafalsedeclaration.
ThoughmucheffortandmanyresourceshavebeenspentonprotectingtheendangeredgiantpandaresearchbyaninternationalteamofscientistsshowsthatmuchsuitablepandahabitatisoutsidethenaturereservesandareaswherethepandaisreportedtolivE.ThisresearchcanhelptheChinesegovernmentandinternationalnongovernmentalorganizationsdevelopfullstrategic战略上的plansformoreeffectiveconservationofthepandasaidJianguoJackLiuMSUUniversityDistinguishedProfessoroffisheriesandwildlifE.Overallabout40percentofthesuitablehabitatforpandasisinsidethenaturereservessaidAndresVinaaspecialist.Butwehavealsoidentifiedpotentiallysuitablehabitatoutsidethereserves.Thegiantpandaistherarestmemberofthebearfamily.PandasoncerangedthroughoutmostofChinanorthernVietnamandnorthernMyanmar.Todayfewerthan1600giantpandasliveinthewildinthreeChineseprovinces;GansuShanxiandSichuan.Humanactions—includinglogging伐木residentialdevelopmentandtheexpansionoffarming—areconsideredthemainreasonsforthedramaticdecreaseofthegiantpanda’shabitat.TheresearchteamdevelopedhabitatmodelsusinggeographicalandenvironmentalinformationgatheredbysatellitesoverlaidwithinformationonpandaoccurrencE.Afteranalyzingsixmountainregionsinthethreeprovinceswherepandasareknowntolivethescientistsdevelopedahabitatsuitabilityindex索引fortheentire48328square-mileareA.Therange-widehabitatanalysismodelgivesthegovernmentandotheragenciesanewtoolastheydevelopconservationstrategiesnotonlyforpandasbutalsoformanyotherendangeredspecies.TheChinesegovernmentplanstoaddabout69500squaremilesoflandtothecountry’snaturereservesystembetween2010and2020saidZhiyunOuyangdirectoroftheLabofUrbanandRegionalErologyattheChineseAcademyofSciencesinBeijing.Soopportunitiesexisttocreatenewreservestoexpandexistingreservesandtocreatepathwaysthatincreasetheconnectivityamongthereserves.OnthebasisofourresultswesuggestsomenewareasbeincludedinChina’snaturereservesystem.66.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.ChinahasmadelotsofeffortstoprotectthegiantpandA.B.Pandaslivebetteronlyoutsidethenaturereserves.C.Moreplansshouldbecreatedtoprotectthegiantpandas.D.LiuJianguoisaprofessorwhodevoteshimselftofisheriesandwildlifE.67.Accordingtothepassagethegiantpandas.A.havethesamelivinghabitasbearsB.areonlysuitabletoliveinGansuShanxiandSichuanC.willallbeprotectedinthenaturereservesD.areendangeredmainlyduetothedamagetotheirhabitat68.Thepurposeofdevelopinghabitatmodelsis.A.toknowwherepandasactuallyliveinChinaB.tobuildalargernaturereserveforthepandasC.todevelopconservationstrategiesforendangeredspeciesD.togivegovernmentsawarning69.Theunderlinedwordoverlaidinthefifthparagraphprobablymeans.A.coveredB.connectedC.copedD.varied70.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.ZhiyunOuyanghopesmoreareaswillbecomenaturereservesinChinA.B.Chinahasabout69500squaremilesofnaturereservesnow.C.TheexistingreserveswillremainthesamE.D.Theexistingreservesshouldn’tbeexpandeD.
Afteryearsofresearchandtestingthehybridcarwasdevelopedandputonthemarket.It’saninterestingandexcitingnewimprovementintoday'sworldaswelookforbetterwaystoprotectthequalityoftheairwebreatheandconserve保持ournaturalresources.Thequalityofourairisaffectedbymanydifferentthings.Butoneofthelargestsourcesofairpollutionistheburningoffossilfuelssuchascoalandgasolinewhichisusedtopoweracar'senginE.TheEPAhassetnationalstandardstohelpcontrolthelevelofharmfulpollutantssentoffintotheairandtheautomobileindustryhasactedbyproducingahybridcarthatuseslessgasandthereforecauseslesspollution.AhybridcarisacombinationofaregularcarthatrunsongasolineandanelectriccarthatisbatterypowereD.Somepeopletendtothinkthatsincethehybridcarispartiallyelectricyouhavetoplug接通电源itintochargeit.Butthat'snothowitworks.The144-voltbatterypackisactuallyrechargedthroughtheenergythatisproducedwhenthecar'sbrakesareuseD.Thisisreferredtoasregenerativebrakingbecauseitgenerateselectricity.Althoughthehybridcarstillrunsongasolinemostofthetimethishelpsituselessgasthanaregularcar.Whenthedriverstopsatatrafficlighttheengineautomaticallyshutsofftosavefuel.Thenassoonasthedriverputsthecaringearandtouchesthegaspedaltheenginestartsbackup.Haveyoueverriddeninacarwithsomeonewhoranoutofgas?Thatprobablywouldn'thappenifyouwereridinginahybridcar.ItflashesawarningonitscomputerscreenthatsaysIamlowongas.WhenitcompletelyrunsoutthewarningreadsYOUARENOWOUTOFGAS！Thentheelectricpowersupplykicksintoletthedrivertravelafewmoremilestoagasstation.45.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.ThehybridcarwillbeputonthemarketinthenearfuturE.B.Thehybridcarsrunfasterandaremuchsaferthanregularcars.C.Whenthehybridcarstopsatatrafficlightthedriverwillgetawarning.D.Theburningoffossilfuelsisoneofthelargestsourcesofairpollution.46.Accordingtothepassagethewordhybridrefersto______.A.ahigh-techdiscoveryB.energysavingC.anewinventionD.acombinationoftwothings47.Regenerativebreakingisanimportantprocessofthehybridcarbecause______.A.itallowsthecartocometoaquickstopB.itgivesthedriverasmootherrideC.itproducesenergytochargethebatteryD.itcancontrolthespeedofthecar48.WhichofthefollowingisrightabouttheEPA?A.Theyhavedesignedhybridcarstoreduceairpollution.B.Theyhavedeclaredtheburningoffossilfuelstobeillegal.C.Theysetimportantguidelinesthathelpcontrolpollution.D.Theirmainpurposeistoprotectendangeredplantsandanimals.
InthecomputeragemostofustakeabroadbandInternetconnectionforgranted.Whethercableormobilebroadbandtoday’sconnectionsaremanytimesfasterthanthoseintheearlydays.Videosplaysmoothlycomplexwebsitesloadquicklyandfilesdownloadmuchfasterthantenyearsago.Andthefilesaremuchbiggertoo.There’sacatchofcourse.YouhavetolivenearenoughtoamajorcitytogetbroadbandInternet.Ifyoudon’tit’sslowdial-upaccessforyou.AndforthoselivingreallyfarouttheremaybenoInternetaccessatall.TechnologyexpertsoftentalkaboutthelastmileproblemwhichreferstothedifficultyofbringingInternetaccesstoremotelocations.Incitiesandsuburbsit’srelativelyeasytoprovideaccessforeveryone.Itismuchmoredifficulttodeliveraccesstothoselivingfarfromcitiesespeciallyindevelopingcountries.Internetserviceprovidersfortheirparthavebeenreluctanttoprovideaccesstosparsely稀疏地populatedareas.ThehandfulofInternetuserstheywouldreachwouldn’tcovertheexpense.ButeveryyeartechnologicaladvancementsallowofmoreandmoreInternetusers.MostbroadbandconnectionstodayrunoverexistingcableTVandtelephonelinesalthoughthesetechnologiesaren’tavailableeverywhere.SomecompanieshavedeliveredtheInternetoverstandardpowerlines.Advancementsincheapermoreefficientfiberopticscables光纤电缆promisetobringextremelyfastInternetconnectionstomoreusers.Stillthelastmileproblemremainshardtodealwith.Therewillalwaysbesomewherethatdoesn’thaveanaffordablebroadbandconnection.Butsomedaythatmightnotmatter.Iftherapidprogressincellphonetechnologyisanyindication迹象itmaynotbetoolongbeforeanInternetconnectionsimplyfollowsyouwhereveryougo.36.TheunderlinedpartacatchinParagraph2probablymeans________.A.ararechallengeB.adesirableplanC.anefficientdeviceD.ahiddenproblem37.Whatcanweknowfromthethirdparagraph?A.Internetconnectionhasnotbeenpopularinmostcities.B.Internetserviceproviderscareaboutruralcustomers.C.Computerispopularindevelopingcountries.D.ItishardtobringInternetaccesstousersinremoteareas.38.Paragraph4mainlytellsusthattechnologicaladvancements________.A.makeTVandtelephoneavailableeverywhereB.bringgreatchangetopeople’severydaylifeC.makeitpossibleformorepeopletousetheInternetD.bringfasterInternetconnectionstousers39.Whatmayeventuallysettlethelastmileproblem?A.Thebroadbandconnection’sgettingfaster.B.MoreandmoreInternetusers.C.MoreandmoreInternetconnections.D.Therapidprogressincellphonetechnology.
Whatwillmanbelikeinthefuture－in5000oreven50000yearsfromnow?Wecanonlymakeguessesofcoursebutwecanbesurethathewillbedifferentfromwhatheistoday.FormanisslowlychangingallthetimE.LetustakeanobviousexamplE.Manevenfivehundredyearsagowasshorterthanheistoday.Nowonaveragemenareaboutthreeinchestaller.Fivehundredyearsisrelativelyshortperiodoftimesowemayassumethatmanwillcontinuetogrowtaller.Againinthemodernworldweuseourbrainsagreatdeal.Evensowestillmakeuseofonlyabout20%ofthebrain'scapacity.Astimegoesonhoweverweshallhavetouseourbrainsmoreandmoreandeventuallyweshallneedlargerones!Thisislikelytobringaboutaphysicalchangetotheheadinparticulartheforeheadwillgrowlarger.NowadaysoureyesareinconstantusE.Infactweusethemsomuchthatveryoftentheybecomeweakerandwehavetowearglasses.Butoververylongperiodoftimeitislikelythatman'seyeswillgrowstronger.Ontheotherhandwetendtomakelessuseofourarmsandlegs.Theseasaresultarelikelytogrowweaker.AtthesametimehoweverourfingerswillgrowmoresensitivebecausetheyareusedagreatdealinmodernlifE.Butwhatabouthair?Thiswillprobablydisappearfromthebodyaltogetherincourseoftimebecauseitdoesnotserveausefulpurposeanylonger.InthefuturethenbothsexesarelikelytobebalD.Perhapsallthisgivestheimpressionthatfuturemanwillnotbeaveryattractivecreaturetolookat!ThismaywellbetruE.Allthesameinspiteofallthesechangesfuturemanwillstillhavealotincommonwithus.Hewillstillbeahumanbeingwiththoughtsandemotionssimilartoourown.1.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat________.A.man'slifewillbedifferentinthefutureB.futuremanwilllookquitedifferentfromusC.manisgrowingtalleranduglierastimepassesD.man'sorgans'functionswillbeonthewane2.Whatservesastheevidencethatmanischanging?A.ManhasgotstrongereyesnowthanheeverhaD.B.Man'shairisgettingthinnerandthinner.C.Man'sarmsandlegshavebecomelighterandweaker.D.Manhasbeengrowingtalleroverthepast500years.3.Thechangeinman'ssizeofforeheadisprobablybecause________.A.hemakesuseonly20%ofthebrain'scapacityB.hisbrainhasgrownlargeroverthepastcenturiesC.theother80%ofhisbrainwillgrowinduetimeD.hewillusehisbrainmoreandmoreastimegoeson4.Whatistrueaboutahumanbeinginthefuture?A.Heishairlessbecausehairisnolongeruseful.B.Hehassmallereyesandwearsbetterglasses.C.Hisfingersgrowweakerbecausehedoesn'thavetomakeuseofthem.D.Hethinksandfeelsindifferentway.5.Itisimpliedthat________.A.humanbeingswillbecomelessattractiveinthefutureB.lessuseofabodilyorganmayleadtoitsdegenerationC.humanbeingshopeforachangeinthefuturelifeD.futurelifeisalwayspredictable
TheiPhonetheiPad:eachofApple’sproductssoundscoolandhasbecomeafad一时的风尚.Applehascleverlytakenadvantageofthepoweroftheletteri–andmanyotherbrandsarefollowingsuit.TheBBC’siPlayer–whichallowsWebuserstowatchTVprogramsontheInternet–adoptedthetitlein2008.A.lovelybear–popularintheUSandUK–thatplaysmusicandvideoiscallediTeddy.A.slimmed-downversionofLondon’sIndependentnewspaperwaslaunchedlastweekunderthenamei.Ingeneralsingle-letterprefixeshavebeenpopularsincethe1990swhentermssuchase-mailande-commercefirstcameintousE.MostiproductsaretargetedatyoungpeopleandconsideringthemajorreadersofIndependent’siit’snosurprisethatthey’veselectedthisfashionablenamE.Butit’shardtoseewhat’ssospecialabouttheletteri.Whynotuseaborcinstead?AccordingtoTonyThorneheadoftheLanguageCenteratKing’sCollegeLondoniworksbecauseitsmeaninghasbecomeambiguous.WhenAppleusesinooneknowswhetheritmeansInternetinformationindividualorinteractiveThornetoldBBCMagazines.EvenwhenApplecreatedtheiPoditseemsitdidn’thaveonecleardefinitionhesays.HoweverthankstoApplethetermisnowassociatedwithportability轻便.addsThornE.ClearlytheletterialsoagreeswiththeideathattheWesternWorldiscenteredontheindividual.Eachpersonbelievestheyhavetheirownneedsandwelovepersonalizedproductsforthisreason.AlongwithGoogleandblogreadersofBBCMagazinesvotediasoneofthetop20wordsthathavecometodefinethelastdecadE.Butashistoryshowspeoplegrowtiredoffads.Fromthe1900sto1990sproductswith2000intheirnamesbecamefashionableastheyearwasassociatedwithallthingsadvancedandmodern.HoweverasweenteredthenewcenturythetrendinevitablydisappeareD.56.PeopleuseiPlayerto__________.A.listentomusicB.makeacallC.watchTVprogramsonlineD.readnewspapers57.WecaninferthattheIndependent’siisaimedat__________.A.youngreadersB.oldreadersC.fashionablewomenD.engineers58.Theunderlinedwordambiguousmeans__________.A.popularB.uncertainC.definiteD.unique59.Nowadaystheitermoftenremindspeopleoftheproductswhichare__________.A.portableB.environmentallyfriendlyC.advancedD.recyclable60.Thewritersuggeststhat__________.A.iproductsareoftenofhighqualityB.iTeddyisalivebearC.theletterbreplacesletteritonametheproductsD.thepopularityofiproductsmaynotlastlong
Whichanimalhasthefastestsnappingjaw突然合住的颚?Ifyou’reguessingasharkorperhapsalargeranimalyou’llhavetothinksmaller.Thetrap-jawantwhichlivesinCentralandSouthAmericamovesitsmouthpartsat35to63metersperseconD.Anotherwaytothinkaboutthisisthattheant’sjawscloseat125to233kilometersperhour.That’s2300timesfasterthantheblinkofaneyE.Scientistswereabletomeasuretheamazingjawspeedusinghigh-speedvideotechniques.SheilaPatekabiologistsaysthekeyisthatthejawshaveaspringy有弹性的systemwhichiscriticalingettingexplosive爆发性的speeds.Considerabowandarrow.Ifyoutrytothrowanarrowwithyourarmitwon’tgoveryfar.Ifyouuseabowelasticenergystoredinthebowisfreedalmostimmediatelywhenyouletgoofthearrowwithyourfinger.That’sexactlywhatreallyfastorganismsaredoing.MaybeevenmoreamazingthanhowfasttheseantsgrabfoodorevenenemiesishowtheyusethissameenergytomovE.Astheantclosesitsjawsitusesthemtopushofftheground—allfasterthantheeyecanseewithoutslowmotionvideo.A.snapofthejawcansendanantupto8.3centimetersintotheair.That’slikesomeonewhois1.7metersjumping13metershigh!NotonlycantheyquicklyescapefromenemiesbutoftenagroupofantswillstartjumpingallatoncE.ItwouldbehardfortheirenemiestograbjustonE.72.Thefastspeedofthetrap-jawants’jawsliesin______.A.theirlightbodiesB.theirspringysystemsC.theirlivingenvironmentD.thelengthoftheirjaws73.Whatdoesthepassageuseabowandarrowasanexampletoshow?A.Howanarrowgetssomuchenergytofly.B.Whythetrap-jawantshaveaspringysystem.C.Whythetrap-jawants’jawsmovesofast.D.Howabowandarrowworks.74.Whichofthefollowingthingsmayamazethescientistsmost?A.Howhightheantscanleapbyusingtheirjaws.B.Howquicklythetrap-jawantscanmoveonthegrounD.C.Howwonderfullythespringysysteminthetrap-jawants’jawsworks.D.Howquicklythetrap-jawantscangrabfoodorenemies.75.Accordingtothepassagethetrap-jawants’jawskeepthemsafebecause______.A.theycancatchtheirenemieseasilywiththeirjawsB.theirjawsmakethemdifficulttorecognizeC.theirjawshelpthemtofindfoodeasilyD.theirjawshelpthemtoescapefromtheirenemies
BruceJonesthinksthereisstillahealthythirstforexplorationintounderwaterworldsonourownplanet.AftergrowingupwithhisgrandfatherwhowasinthemarineconstructionbusinessJonesquicklygotafeelforthewater.Hestarteddivingatage9andbythe1980sbeganofferingadviceforthoseinterestedinthesubmarinebusiness.By1993hewasrunninghisowncompanyU..S.Submarineswhichdesignedandbuiltsubmarinesforresortsandindividuals.Jonesplanstospend$40millioninbuildingahotelwherethemostexpensiveroomswillbe50feetundertheseaoffEleutheraIslandintheBahamas.UnliketheJulesUnderseaLodge—theonlyunderseahotelnowjustoffthecoastofKeyLargoFlA.—guestsatthePoseidonwon'tneedtoputonawetsuittogettotheirrooms.Theyalsowon'tneedtoworryaboutchangingpressurelevelssincetheroomswillbekeptatabove－surfacepressurE.Insteadtheycanmoveeasilytotheir$1500－a－nightunderwaterroomsbyescalator.IthinktherearealargenumberofpeoplewhowouldbeinterestedsaidJonesincludinganyonewhoislookingforadifferentexperiencE.Eachroomwillfeaturestrongwindowsthatlookoutontocoralgardens.Therewillbecontrolsineachroomthatguestscanusetochangethelightingoftheunderwaterworldsoutsidetheirwindowsandtoprovidefoodforfishswimmingby.BynowIenvisioned展望we'dhavewholeunderwatercitiesCraigCooperthedirectorfortheAquariusresearchstationsaiD.It'sabouttimesomeofthesevisionsbecamereality.1.WhichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderoftheeventsthathappenedtoBruceJones?A.JonesstartedrunningU..S.Submarines.B.JonesbegantolearntodivE.C.Jonesplannedtobuildanunderseahotel.D.Jonesbegangivingothersadviceonthesubmarinebusiness.A.abcdB.acbdC.bdacD.bacd2.WecanlearnfromthesecondparagraphthattheJulesUnderseaLodge________.A.liesoffEleutheraIslandintheBahamasB.isthefirstunderseahotelintheworldC.needn'tprovidewetsuitsforitsguestsD.sendsitsgueststotheirroomsbylift3.WhatdoweknowaboutBruceJones'underseahotelfromthepassage?A.ItwillbemuchcheaperthantheJulesUnderseaLodgE.B.IthastakenJones$40milliontobuildit.C.Guestsinitwillopenthewindowstogivefoodtothefish.D.Guestsinitwillseebeautifulcoralthroughthewindows.4.TheunderlinedwordPoseidoninParagraph2refersto________.A.BruceJones'underseahotelB.JulesUnderseaLodgeC.anislandoffthecoastofKeyLargoD.anothernameofEleutheraIsland5.JudgingbyCooper'swordshisattitudetowardsunderwaterhotelsis________.A.disappointedB.criticalC.objectiveD.hopeful
BritishandAmericanscientistsareraisinggeneticallymodified转基因的pigsinthehopeofprovidingorgansfortransplant移植tohumanstheprojectleaderwroteinanewspaperSunday.ScientistsinLondonandCaliforniahavebegunconductingthegeneticexperimentstofindasolutiontorecord–longwaitinglistsfororgantransplantsRobertWinstonsaidinanopinionpiecewrittenforBritain'sSundayTimes.InBritainalonearound8000patientsarewaitingforatransplant.Peopleneedinganewheartorliverarewaitingforsomeoneelsetodie–usuallyaviolentdeathinatrafficaccidentWinstonwroteinthenewspaper.Hesaidhisteamwastryingtomodifypigssotheirorgansmightsavethelivesofhumans.ThescientistsareintroducinghumangenesintotheanimalstoreducethechancesoftheorgansbeingrejectedbypatientsashasbeencommoninpreviousattemptstouseanimaltissuessaidWinstonwhoheadstheInstituteofReproductiveandDevelopmentalBiologyatLondon'sHammersmithHospital.WorkingwithDr.CarolRedheadoftheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyWinston'steamhasinjectedhumangenesdirectlyintomalepiglets猪仔addingthemtotheanimal'ssperm精子.HesaidthatpigsinvolvedinexperimentshadsuccessfullyproducedtransgenicspermbutacknowledgedthatBritishandEuropeanlawshadpreventedtheteamfromusingthepigstomatE.TheSundayTimesnewspaperreportedthattheexperimentswouldbemovedtotheUnitedStatesfollowingdifficultieswithfundingandregulationsinBritain.ItsaidthepigswouldbebredinMissouri.OurU.S.friendswillbenefitfromourtechnologyandtheincomewemighthaveproducedforBritainwillbelostWinstonwrotE.Somescientistshavepreviouslyblamedtheideaofusinganimalorgansforhumantransplantsayingthetechniquerisksspreadinganimalvirusestohumans.Winstonsaidhisresearchprojectisattemptingtobreedvirus-freepigs.49.Scientistsareintroducinghumangenesintotheanimalsto____________.
Whenitcomestotheworldofcomputersgreencomputingisbecomingoneofthemostpopulartrends.Butwhatisexactlyisgreencomputing?Thetermgreencomputingisonethatisbeingusedinmanydifferentmarketsandareasallovertheworldintoday’sglobaltechnology.Yetmanycomputerusersouttherearen’tsurewhatitmeans.Greencomputingisactuallyprettyeasytoexplainandtodo---itisbasicallylearningtousecomputerresourcesmoreefficientlytohelptheenvironmentaswellasmakingenergysavings.Themaingoalofagreencomputingprogramistoreducetheuseofenergyandmaterialsthatharmtheenvironment.Greencomputinghelpstopromotetheuseofbiodegradableproductsandrecyclecomputerpartswheneverpossible.Greencomputingstartedasearlyas1992whentheEPAcreatedEnergyStarwhichisavoluntarylabelingprogramthatpromotesenergyefficientcomputingequipmentandtechnologies.Itwasbecauseofthisprogramthatmanycomputermanufacturerslaunchedsleepmodeandmillionsofcomputerusersaroundtheworldbegantoadoptthispolicytohelpsaveenergywhentheywerenotusingtheircomputers.Thetermgreencomputingbegantobeusedaroundthesametimeaswellandbegantobecomeagoalthatmorecompaniesstrivetomeetovertheyears.Thereareseveralgovernmentagenciesthathavecontinuedtohelpstriveforbetterstandardsforcomputersandcompaniestohelppromotegreenpromoting.EnergyStarwasactuallyrevisedinOctoberof2006tomaketherequirementsstricterforcomputersandalsoimplementedarankingsystemforproducts.Becauseofthesenewrequirementsthereareover20statesthathavenowestablishedaspecialrecyclingprogramforoldcomputersandelectronicstohelpwithgreencomputing.Manyoftoday’sITsystemsarebeginningtorelyonbothpeopleandhardwaretohelppushtheircomputersystemstowardamoregreencomputingsystemtohelpboththecompanyandothers.Thisisahardbalancetoachieveasithastosatisfyusersmanagementandregulatorycompliance顺从.Eventhedisposalofcomputerwasteisallmanagedsothateveryoneinthecircleishappywiththeoutcome.Manycompaniesarelearningthebestwaysthattheycallgogreenerwhenitcomestotheircomputingandalsohelptheirbusinessintheprocess.Whilemanyhomecomputerusersmaynotbequiteasfamiliarwithgreencomputingaslargefirmsthistermisstartingtobecomemoremainstreamallaroundtheworldandtherequirementsfornewbettercomputerstohelpboththecompaniesandtheendusersoftheequipmentaswellasourenvironmentarebecomingmoreandmoreurgent.Greencomputing71_________Learningtomake72_________useofcomputerresourcessoastosaveenergyandprotecttheenvironment.MaingoalToreducetheuseofenergyandmaterialsthatdo73_________totheenvironment.74_________●In1992theEPAcreatedEnergyStarprogram75_________energyefficientcomputingequipmentandtechnologies.●Thenmanycomputermanufacturerslaunchedsleepmodeandmanycomputerusers76_________thepolicytosaveenergy.●In2006EnergyStarmadethecomputerrequirements77_________andimplementedarankingsystemforproducts.●At78_________over20stateshaveestablishedaspecialrecyclingprogramforoldcomputersandelectronics.Presentsituation●Greencomputingrequiresthe79_________ofusersmanagementandregulatorycompliance.●Greencomputingisbecomingmoremainstream80_________.●Newberetcomputerswillhelpbothcompaniesandusersandprotecttheenvironment.
Dogsaresocialanimalsandwithoutpropertrainingtheywillbehavelikewildanimals.Theywillsoilyourhousedestroyyourbelongingsbarkexcessivelyfightotherdogsandevenbiteyou.Nearlyallbehaviorproblemsareperfectlynormaldogactivitiesthatoccuratthewrongtimeorplaceoraredirectedatthewrongthing.Thekeytopreventingortreatingbehaviorproblemsislearningtoteachthedogtoredirectitsnormalbehaviortooutletsthatareacceptableinthedomesticsetting.Oneofthebestthingsyoucandoforyourdogandyourselfistotrainittoobey.Obedience服从顺从trainingdoesn'tsolveallbehaviorproblemsbutitisthefoundationforsolvingjustaboutanyproblem.Trainingopensupalineofcommunicationbetweenyouandyourdog.Effectivecommunicationisnecessarytoinstructyourdogaboutwhatyouwantittodo.Trainingisalsoaneasywaytoestablishthesocialrankorder.Whenyourdogobeysasimplerequestofcomeheresititisshowingobedienceandrespectforyou.Itisnotnecessarytoestablishyourselfastopdogorleaderofthedogpackbyusingextrememeasures.Youcanteachyourdogitssubordinate次要的rolebyteachingittoshowsubmission屈从toyou.MostdogsloveperformingtricksforyoutopleasantlyacceptthatyouareinchargE.Trainingshouldbefunandrewardingforyouandyourdog.ItcanenrichyourrelationshipandmakelivingtogethermoreenjoyablE.A.well-traineddogismoreconfidentandcanmoresafelybeallowedagreateramountoffreedomthananuntrainedanimal.47.BehaviorproblemsofdogsarebelievedtoA.worseninmodernsocietyB.occurwhentheygowildC.bejustpartoftheirnatureD.can’tbesolved48.Effectivecommunicationbetweenadoganditsowneris_______.A.anextrememeasureinobediencetrainingB.agoodwaytoteachthedognewtricksC.thefoundationfordogstoperformtasksD.essentialtosolvingthedog'sbehaviorproblems49.Whydopetdogsloveperformingtricksfortheirmasters?A.Toshowtheirwillingnesstoobey.B.Toshowtheiraffectionfortheirmasters.C.ToavoidbeingpunisheD.D.Towinleadershipofthedogpack.50.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Methodsofthedog’sobediencetraining.B.Methodsofthedog’sfeeD.C.Behaviorproblemswiththedog’sobediencetraining.D.Communicatingwithyourdog.
Inthelate1960smanypeopleinNorthAmericaturnedtheirattentiontoenvironmentalproblemsandnewsteel-and-glassskyscrapers摩天大楼werewidelyblamed.Ecologists生态学者pointedoutthatmanytallbuildingsinacityoftencausetransportationandparkingproblems.Skyscrapersarealsowastefulconsumersofelectricity.Inonerecentyear17millionsquarefeetofskyscraperofficespaceinNewYorkCityraisedthehighestdailydemandforelectricityby120000kilowatts—enoughtosupplytheentirecityofAlbanyforaday.Glass-walled玻璃幕墙skyscraperscanbeespeciallywastefulTheheatlossorgainthroughawallofhalf-inchglassismorethantentimesthatthroughatraditionalwallfilledwithinsulationboard隔热板.Toreducetheburdenonheatingandair-conditioningequipmentbuildersofskyscrapershavebeguntousedouble-glazedpanelsofglass双层玻璃板andreflectiveglassescoveredwithalayerofsilverorgoldmirrorthatreducetheunpleasantbrightlightaswellasheatgain.Howeverglass-walledskyscrapersraisethetemperatureofthesurroundingairandaffectneighboringbuildings.Skyscrapersputaheavyburdenonacity'spublicfacilitiestoo.IffullyoccupiedtheformertwoWorldTradeCentertowersinNewYorkCitywouldaloneproduce2.25milliongallonsofwastewatereachyear—asmuchasacitythesizeofStamfordwhichhasapopulationofmorethan109000.Skyscrapersalsoinfluencetelevisionreceptionblockbirdflywaysandaffectairtraffic.InBostoninthelate1960ssomepeopleevenfearedthatshadowsfromskyscraperswouldkillthegrassonBostonCommon波士顿公园.Stillpeoplecontinuetobuildskyscrapersforallthereasonsthattheyhavealwaysbuiltthem—personalambitionasenseofprideandthedesireofownerstohavethelargestpossibleamountofspaceforrent.71.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto_____.A.explainvariousbuildingstructuresB.compareskyscraperswithothermodernbuildingsC.discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofskyscrapersD.describeskyscrapersandtheirinfluenceontheenvironment72.Accordingtothepassagewhatisonedisadvantageofskyscrapersthathaveglasswalls?A.Constructiontimeisincreased.B.Thesurroundingairisheated.C.Thebuildingmaterialsareveryexpensive.D.Suchbuildingsleadtoclimatechange.73.AccordingtothepassagewhichaspectofskyscrapersweresomeresidentsofBostonworriedaboutinthelate1960's?A.TheinfluenceonairtrafficB.Theharmfuleffectsonthecity'splants.C.ThepoorreceptionofradioandTVsignals.D.Theremovaloftreesandgrassfrombuildingsites.74.Whichofthefollowinggroupswouldtheskyscraperissueconcernmost?A.Collegestudents.B.Televisionviewers.C.Environmentalists.D.Electricalengineers.75.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Theskyscrapersfirstappearedinthelate1960s.B.Wherethereareskyscraperstelevisionreceptionispoorer.C.TheformertwoWorldTradeCentertowersareskyscrapers.D.Skyscrapersprovidemoreusablespacethanotherbuildings.
AstronautsaboardthespacestationcelebratedaspacefirstonWednesdaybydrinkingwaterthathadbeenrecycledfromtheirurine尿sweatandwatergotfromair.TheysaidcheersclickeddrinkingbagsandtoastedNASAworkersonthegrounD.TheurinerecyclingsystemisneededforastronautstationsonthemoonandMars.ItalsowillsaveNASAmoneybecauseitwon’thavetoshipupasmuchwatertothestationbyspaceshuttlesorcargorockets.Besidesit’simportantasthespacestationisabouttoexpandfromthreepeoplelivingonboardtosix.TherecyclingsystemhadbeenbroughtuptothespacestationlastNovemberbyspaceshuttlesEndeavourbutitcouldn’tbeuseduntilsamples样品weretestedbackonearth.SowhenitcametimetoactuallydrinkupNASAmadeabigdealofit.Thethree-mancrewstoodholdingtheirdrinksandcongratulatedengineersintwoNASAcentresthatworkedonthesystem.ThisissomethingthathadbeenthestuffofsciencefictionAmericanastronautMichaelBarrattsaidbeforetakingasmallmouthful.Thetasteisworthtrying.Thenewsystemtakesthecombinedurineofthecrewfromthetoiletmovesittoabigtankwherethewaterisboiledoffandthevapor水蒸气iscollecteD.Therestoftheurineisthrownaway.Thenthewatervaporismixedwithwaterfromairandthenitgoesthroughfilters过滤器Whensixcrewmembersareaboarditcanmakeaboutsixgallonsfromurineinaboutsixhours.SomepeoplemayfindtheideaofdrinkingrecycledurinedistastefulbutitisalsodoneonearthbutwithalotlongertimebetweenurineandthetapsaidMarybethEdeenthespacestation’snationallabmanager.ThetechnologyNASAdevelopedforthissystemhasalreadybeenusedforquickwaterpurificationafterthe2004Asiantsunami.71.Accordingtothetexttherecyclingsystemisimportantbecause_____.A.itmakestravelingtothemoonfortheaveragepersonpossiblE.B.withitNASAwon’tneedtoshipanywaterupthespacestation.C.itcanhelpmeettheneedformorewaterafterthecrewisexpandeD.D.itprotectstheenvironmentinspacebyreducingtheamountofwastE.72.What’stheRRIGHTtimeorderofthefollowingevents?A.Thesamplesoftherecycledwaterweretestedonearth.B.AstronautscelebratedthespacefirstofmakingwaterfromurinE.C.Therecyclingsystemwasbroughtuptothespacestation.D.Thetechnologyforthesystemwasusedtoquicklypurifywater.A.adcbB.acbdC.dacbD.dcab73.FromParA.5wecanknow_____.A.thetheorybehindtherecyclingsystemB.theeffectoftherecyclingsystemC.theprocessofrecyclingurineD.anopiniononrecyclingurine74.WhatdidEdeensayaboutrecycledurineandtherecyclingsystem?A.Thetasteofrecycledurineisnotasgoodasthatofcommonwater.B.TherecyclingsystemhasmadeasciencefictionstorycometruE.C.Theideaofdrinkingrecycledurinemakesastronautsfeelunpleasant.D.IttakesalongertimeonearthtomakewaterfromurinethaninspacE.75.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheResearchofNASAHasMadeGreatProgress.B.NewTechnologyIsUsedintheSpaceStation.C.Drinkup:SpaceStationRecyclesUrinetoWater.D.GoodNews:WaterRecycledfromUrineTastesGooD.
Musiclessonsmayimprovememoryandlearningabilityinyourchildrenbypromotingdifferentpatternsofbraindevelopmentastudyshows.Afterayearofmusicaltrainingchildrenagedbetween4and6performedbetteratastandardmemorytestthandidchildrenwhowerenottaughtmusic.Thefindingssuggestthatmusiccouldbeusefulforbuildingthelearningcapacityofyourminds.EarlierstudieshaveshownthatolderchildrengivenmusiclessonsbecomebetteratIQteststhanthosewhoaremusicallyuntrainedbutthisisthefirsttoshowsuchabenefitinchildrensoyoung.ProfessorLaurekTrainorofMcMasterUniversityinHamiltonOntarioalsofoundcleardifferencesinthewaysinwhichchildren'sbrainsrespondedtosoundafterayearofmusicaltraining.'Thisisthefirststudytoshowthatbrainresponsesinyoungmusicallytrainedanduntrainedchildrenchangedifferentlyoverthecourseofayearshesaid.Thesechangesarelikelytoberelatedtothecognitive认知的benefitthatisseenwithmusicaltraining.ProfessorTrainer'steamlookedat12children6ofwhomhadjuststartedextra-curricular课程外musiclessonsand6ofwhomwerenotbeingtaughtanymusicexceptthatincludedasastandardpartoftheirschoolcurriculum课程标准.Duringtheyearall12childrenhadtheirbrainsexaminedfourtimesusingmagneto-encephalographyMEGandeachchildwasplayedtwotypesofsound—whitenoiseandaviolintone.TheMEGmeasurementsshowedthatallchildrenrespondedmoretoviolinsoundsthantowhitenoisereflectingapreferableformeaningfultonesandtheirresponsetimesfelloverthecourseoftheyearastheirbrainsmatured.64.Thispassageismainlyabout____.A.whymusiclessonsaregoodforthememoryB.thebenefitfromextra-curriculartrainingforyoungerchildrenC.astudyontwelveyoungchildren'sbrainsD.newtechnologytoexaminechildren'sbrains65.Itcanbeconcludedfromthetextthat____.A.thestudyisthefirstoneontheeffectofmusicaltrainingonchildren'sbrainsB.scientistsgotnovaluableresultsfromtheearlierstudiesonthetopicC.childrenmusicallytrainedrememberthingsbetterthanthoseuntrainedD.olderchildrengetmorebenefitfrommusicaltrainingthanyoungerones66.Whatdoweknowaboutthetwelvechildrentestedinthestudy?A.Noneofthemhadbeenmusicallytrainedbefore.B.Only6ofthemhadaknowledgeofmusicbefore.C.Notallofthemhadbeentaughtsomemusicinschool.D.Allofthemwererequiredtolearnsomemusicinschool.67.WeknowfromtheMEGmeasurementsthat____.A.theolderachildisthemorequicklyhe/sherespondstosoundsB.humanbrainsprefermusicalsoundstowhitenoiseC.childrenofdifferentagesrespondtosoundsatthesamespeedD.allthetwelvechildrenliketolearntoplaytheviolinverymuch
Expertssaythatagricultureprovidesfourteenpercentoftheworld'sgreenhousegasemissions排放eachyear.Thegasesreleasedincludecarbondioxideamajorcauseofglobalwarming.Twenty-onenationsaroundtheworldrecentlyjoinedforcestobetterunderstandandpreventgreenhousegasemissionsfromfarms.TheGlobalResearchAllianceonAgriculturalGreenhouseGaseswaslaunched发起attheUnitedNationsconferenceonclimatechangE.ThemeetingtookplaceinCopenhagenDenmarklastmonth.Agriculturalexpertsblameanumberoffarmactivitiesforproducinggreenhousegases.Forexampleanimalwasteandcattledigestive消化systemsreleasemethane甲烷沼气gas.Fertilizedsoilandtheburningofcropwastealsoreleaseharmfulgasesintotheair.Expertssaysomemethodsoffarming---turningthesoiltoprepareforplanting---alsoreleaseharmfulcarbondioxidE.AnofficialoftheEuropeanCommission’sDirectorateGenera1forResearchsaysagriculturalgreenhousegasemissionscanbecut.MaiveRutesuggestsfeedinganimalsadietdesignedtoreduceemissions.ThenewagriculturalresearchgroupsaysprotectingagainstglobalwarmingisonlypartofitspurposE.Itsaystheworldalsoneedstodevelopbetterfarmingmethodstofeedgrowingpopulationsinpoorcountries.UnitedStatesAgricultureSecretaryTomVilsacksaidnoonesinglenationcanfightagriculturalgreenhousegasemissionsandincreasefoodproductionatthesametimE.Thisiswhytheallianceisimportantforcombiningresourcesandfindingnewones.TheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgricultureUSDAwillincreasesspendingonfarmemissionsresearchbyninetymilliondollarsoverthenextfouryears.Thetotalwillreachonehundredthirtymilliondollars.TheUSDAwillsharetheresearchwithothercountriesintheGlobalResearchAllianceonAgriculturalGreenhouseGasesandsupportresearchersfromdevelopingcountriesthatbelongtothealliancE.MoneyfromtheBorlaugFellowshipprogramwilllettheresearchersstudyagriculturalclimatechangewithAmericanscientists.MisterVilsacksaidthatjustasclimatechangehasnoborders边界thereshouldbenobordersforresearch.68.InParagraph4MaiveRuterecommends______.A.increasingfoodproductionB.changingcattledigestivesystemsC.developingbetterfarmingmethodsD.givinganimalsthefoodmeanttoproducefeweremissions69.TheunderlinedwordallianceinParagraph6probablymeans_____.A.ActionorstatebeingjoinedtogetherB.AnagreementsignedbetweencountriesC.A.programorprojectsetupforaresearchD.Anorganizationformedfordifferentgoals70.HowmuchhastheUSDAspentonfarmemissionsresearchsofar?A.130milliondollars.B.220milliondollarsC.40milliondollars.D.90milliondollars.71.Thepurposeofthepassageisto______.A.suggestatotalban禁令onfarmactivitiesB.introduceCopenhagenconferenceheldlastmonthC.appeal呼吁countriestocutagriculturalemissionsD.informreadersofthemajorcauseofglobalwarming
Areanimalbrainstoosimpleforthoughtsandchoices?Storiesaboutanimalkindnesshavereallychangedmypointofview.InfactsomestoriesareamazingespeciallywhenanimalsaremeetingwithpeoplE.HerearetwostoriesthatinterestmE.JamesawildlifewritertoldastorythatanAfricanwomanhadplacedherbabyintheshadeofatreewhileshewasworking.Anelephantgroupwalkedbyandsawthebaby.Severalelephantspulledleafybranchesfromthetreecoveredthesleepingbaby.FliescanbeaprobleminAfricaandthebranchesprotectedthebabyfromtheflies.Theelephantsweresogentleandquietthattheydidnotevenwakeupthebaby.Thentheelephantswalkedaway.AnEnglishmagazineoffersanotherstory.Billacatstayedathomewhileitsmasterwasawayonatripbutthemanwasinjuredinarailwayaccidentanddiedafewdayslaterinahospital.AtthefuneraltheMan’sbrotherwassurprisedtoseethatBillwastherE.Thefaithfulcathadtraveledalongwaytothehospitallookedatthecoffin棺材andthensadlyreturnedhomE.Humansareonlyonepartoftheearth.Thebeautifulflowersareoursisters;thedeerthehorsesandthegreateaglestheseareourbrothers.Theskyandmountainsthecowsandmenallbelongtothesamefamily.ThesestoriesIhopewillinspiremorepeopletotreatanimalsasourfriendsratherthanpetsorournextmeal.57.Whatdidtheauthorusedtobelieve?A.peoplemeetwithanimalsoften.B.Animalsbrainsaretoosimpletomakechoices.C.Weshouldchangeouroldviewsaboutanimals.D.Animalsstorieshavemanyamazingfacts58.Whatdidtheelephantsdowhentheysawthebaby?A.theywokeupthebabybypullingbranches.B.Theyhelpedtoprotectitfromtheflies.C.Theywalkedawaybydoingnothing.D.Theyatesomebranchesandwalkedaway.59.Thoughitisalongwaytotravelthefaithfulcatmanagedto____?A.appearatitsmaster’sfuneral.B.catchupwithhismasteronhistripC.seeitsmaster’sbrother.D.seeitmasterdieinanaccident.60.Whydoestheauthorwritethispassage?A.Hewantstomakeanimalsbecomeoursistersandbrothers.B.Hewantstoinspiremorepeopletotreatanimalsasfriends.C.Hewantstowarnpeopleagainsthavingmorefoodorpets.D.Hewantstomakereadersknowtheelephantsandthecat.
Howtoeathealthfullycanbeespeciallycomplexforworkingwomenwhooftenhaveneitherthedesirenorthetimetocookforthemselvesorforanyoneelse.Registereddietitian营养专家BarharaMorrisseysuggeststhatafewsimplerulescanhelp.Gofornutrientdensefoodsshesuggestsfoodsthatcontainamultipleofnutrients.ForexampleselectwholewheatbreadasabreakfastfoodratherthancoffeecakE.Ordrinkorangejuiceratherthanorangedrinkwhichcontainsonlyasmallpercentageofrealjuice—therestislargelycolouredsugarwater.Youjustcan'tcomparethevalueofthesefoodsthenutrientdenseonesaresosuperiorsheemphasizes.Morrisseybelievesthatvarietyisnotonlythespiceoflife—it'sthefoundationofahealthfuldiet.Dietswhicharebasedononeortwofoodsarenotonlyvirtuallyimpossibletokeepupthestrengththeycanbeveryharmfulshesaysbecausenutrientsaren'tsuppliedinsufficientamountsorbalancE.AccordingtoMorrisseytryingtofindadietthatcancureyourillnessesormakingyousuperwomanisa_fruitless_search.AswomenmanyofusaretooconcernedwithstayingthinshesaysandwebelievethatvitaminsaresomekindofmagiccuretoreplacefooD.Weneedcarbohydratesproteinandfat—theyarelikethewoodinthefireplacE.Thevitaminsandmineralsarelikethematchthesparkforthefuelsheexplains.Weneedthemallbutinaverydifferentproportions.Andifthefuelisn'ttherethesparkisuseless.6.Fromtheparagraphweknowthatworkingwomen________.A.thinkcookingisespeciallycomplicatedB.donotsharethesameviewswithregistereddietitiansC.arebusyandnotinterestedincookingD.arelikelytoeathealthfully7.Orangejuiceisdifferentfromorangedrinkinthat________.A.itcontainsonlyasmallpercentageofrealjuiceB.itisnaturalnutritiousandpreparedfromrealorangesC.itislargelyorange－coloredsugarwaterD.itproducesnothingbutcalories8.InParagraph4afruitlesssearchmeans________.A.aneffortwithnoresultsB.asearchforadietwithoutfruitsC.aresearchonfruitlessdietD.adietservingasmedicine9.Manywomentakeitforgrantedaccordingtopassagethat________.A.abalanceddietcanresultinbeingfatB.stayingthinandhealthyarebothpossibleC.lackofvarietyindietsleadstostayingthinD.vitaminsaresomekindofsubstitutions替代品forfood10.Byifthefuelisn'ttherethesparkisuselesstheauthormeans______.A.carbohydratesproteinandfatareenoughtosupportahumanlifeB.vitaminsandmineralsarevirtuallyofnovalueC.carbohydratesproteinandfatareasimportantasvitaminsandmineralsD.withoutcarbohydratesproteinandfatvitaminsandmineralsareofnouse
Leaddepositswhichaccumulatedinsoilandsnowduringthe1960’sand70’swereprimarilytheresultofleadedgasolineemissionsoriginatingintheUnitedStates.InthetwentyyearsthattheCleanAirActhasmandatedunleadedgasuseintheUnitedStatestheleadaccumulationworldwidehasdecreasedsignificantly.AstudypublishedrecentlyinthejournalNatureshowsthatair-borneleadedgasemissionsfromtheUnitedStatesweretheleadingcontributortothehighconcentrationofleadinthesnowinGreenlanD.ThenewstudyisaresultofthecontinuedresearchledbyDr.CharlesBoutronanexpertontheimpactofheavymetalsontheenvironmentattheNationalCenterforScientificResearchinFrancE.A.studybyDr.Boutronpublishedin1991showedthatleadlevelsinarcticsnowweredeclining.InhisnewstudyDr.BoutronfoundtheratiosofthedifferentformsofleadintheleadedgasolineusedintheUnitedStatesweredifferentfromtheratiosofEuropeanAsianandCanadiangasolinesandthusenabledscientiststodifferentiate区分theleadsources.ThedominantleadratiofoundinGreenlandsnowmatchedthatfoundingasolinefromtheUnitedStates.InastudypublishedinthejournalAmbioscientistsfoundthatleadlevelsinsoilintheNortheasternUnitedStateshaddecreasedmarkedlysincetheintroductionofunleadedgasolinE.ManyscientistshadbelievedthattheleadwouldstayinsoilandsnowforalongerperioD.TheauthorsoftheAmbiostudyexaminedsamplesoftheupperlayersofsoiltakenfromthesamesitesof30forestfloorsinNewEnglandNewYorkandPennsylvaniain1980andin1990.TheforestenvironmentprocessedandredistributedtheleadfasterthanthescientistshadexpecteD.ScientistssaybothstudiesdemonstratethatcertainpartsoftheecosystemrespondrapidlytoreductionsinatmosphericpollutionbutthatthesefindingsshouldnotbeusedasalicensetopollutE.57.ThestudypublishedinthejournalNatureindicatesthat________.A.theCleanAirActhasnotproducedthedesiredresultsB.leaddepositsinarcticsnowareontheincreaseC.leadwillstayinsoilandsnowlongerthanexpectedD.theUSisthemajorsourceofleadpollutioninarcticsnow58.LeadaccumulationworldwidedecreasedsignificantlyaftertheuseofunleadedgasintheUS_____.A.wasdiscouragedB.wasenforcedbylawC.wasprohibitedbylawD.wasintroduced59.HowdidscientistsdiscoverthesourceofleadpollutioninGreenland?A.ByanalyzingthedatapublishedinjournalslikeNatureandAmbio.B.ByobservingtheleadaccumulationsindifferentpartsofthearcticareA.C.BystudyingthechemicalelementsofsoilandsnowinNortheasternAmericA.D.Bycomparingthechemicalcompositionsofleadedgasolineusedinvariouscountries.60.TheauthorsoftheAmbiostudyhavefoundthat________.A.forestsgetridofleadpollutionfasterthanexpectedB.leadaccumulationsinforestsaremoredifficulttodealwithC.leaddepositsarewidelydistributedintheforestsoftheUSD.theupperlayersofsoilinforestsareeasilypollutedbyleademissions
ThebrownwidowspiderbecameestablishedinSouthernCaliforniainearly2000andhasbecomepartofthelocalspiderfamilyinurbanLosAngelesandSanDiego.ThebrownwidowspideriscontinuingitsexpansioninSouthernCaliforniaandcouldpossiblymovenorthwardintoCentralCaliforniA.ThebrownwidowissuspectedtohaveevolvedinAfricaalthoughitwasfirstdescribedfromSouthAmericawhichaddsconfusionastowhereitmighthaveoriginateD.ItisatropicalandsubtropicalspiderhavingestablishedpopulationsinHawaiiFloridapartsofAustraliaSouthAfricaandJapan.InNorthAmericathebrownwidowwasrestrictedformanydecadestotheFloridapeninsulA.Howeveraroundtheyear2000itstartedshowingupinotherGulfCoaststates.BrownwidowsarenowknownfromTexastoGeorgiaandSouthCarolinA.Thebrownwidowbuildsitswebinprotectedsitesaroundhomesandinwoodyvegetationwithbranches.SometypicalsitesselectedbybrownwidowsforwebbuildingareemptycontainerssuchasbucketsandnurserypotsmailboxesentrywaycornersundereavesstorageclosetsandgaragesundercarriagesofmotorvehiclesthatarestationaryforlongperiodsandtheundersidesofoutdoorfurniturE.TheychooseplacesthataremoreexposedthansiteschosenbyblackwidowsandthereforeappeartobeathigherriskforinteractionswithhumansasfarasbitesareconcerneD.Onerecentstudydemonstratesthatthebrownwidowspiderislesspoisonousthanotherwidowspecies.Thereasonfortheweakereffectofbrownwidowbitesonhumansispossiblybecausethebrownwidowdoesnothavemuchpoisonasitslargerrelativesbutitisreallyathreattohumansastoitspoison.Thetwomajorsymptomsofabrownwidowbitewerethatthebitehurtwhenitwasgivenanditleftaredmark.Thesetwosymptomsarenotmuchdifferentfromthebiteofnormalhouseholdspiders.Thereisnospecificinformationregardingthecontrolofbrownwidowsbyfarmchemicals.Mostcurrentadviceiswhatisusedforcontrollingspidersingeneral.Thereforemostcommerciallyavailablefarmchemicalsshouldworkonbrownwidows.Avoidingamessofthehouseandthegarageshouldreducenestsitesforthem.Alsooneshouldstoregarageitemsinplasticbagswheretheremightbeinteractionswithspiders.Theseitemsincluderarelyworngarmentssuchasgardeningclothesandglovesrecreationalitemslikesportsequipmenti.E.baseballglovesandotheritemswherespiderscancrawlupintoholeswherefingerscanbeinserteD.67.Theauthorwrotethisarticleto_______.A.announcetheresultofaresearchonspidersB.introducethewaystogetridofthespidersC.reportanewfindingofthewidowspeciesD.warnreadersagainstthebrownwidow68.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat_______.A.brownwidowsarespreadingnorthwardB.thebrownwidoworiginatedfromAfricaC.brownwidowsnowcanbefoundinallcountriesD.thereusedtobenobrownwidowsinNorthAmerica69.Thethirdparagraphismainlyabout_______.A.thebrownwidow’swebbuildingB.thecharacteristicsofthebrownwidowC.thehabitatpreferencesofthebrownwidowD.thebrownwidow’sthreatentohumanbeings70.Itcanbeinferredthat_______.A.brownwidowscanbekilledwithanyfarmchemicalsB.atpresentpeoplecanonlycontrolbrownwidowspidersC.thebrownwidowhasmorepoisonthantheblackwidowD.victimsbittenbythebrownwidowneedn’tseethedoctor
TheRiverThameswasoncedescribedasbiologically生物学地dead.A.waterwaypollutedwithsomuchindustrialwastethatnowildlifecouldsurviveinit.Buttodayithasbecomeathriving繁荣的naturalhabitatandateamofconservationistsrestoringthefamousriverhavebeenofferedatopenvironmentawardfortheirwork.Ncarly40milesoftheriverhavebeenimprovedinthelastfiveyearsthroughalmost400EnvironmentAgencyrestorationprojects.Asaresulttheriverisnowhometosome125speciesoffishwhilemanyothersarereturning.Therivermouthsupportsshellfisheriesandisanurseryground育苗场forbass鲈鱼stocksandthewaterqualityoftheThameshasimproveD.AlastairDrivertheEnvironmentAgency’snationalconservationmanagersaidthatinthelast150yearstheThameshadbeenpollutedseriouslyandthatithadtakenthousandsofpeopledecadestorestoreittoitscurrentcondition.StrictregulationsforpollutingindustriesandourworkwithfarmersbusinessesandwatercompaniestoreducepollutionandimprovewaterqualityhavehelpedtomaketheThamesalivingriveronceagain.Buthewarnedthattheriver’srecoverywasstillfragilesinceitwasunderthepressurefromagrowingpopulationandclimatechangE.HesaidadvancedprojectsandcooperationwithvariouspeopleandorganizationsaimatdealingwiththeproblemstheThamesfacesandensuring确保itstillafamousriverformanycenturiestocomE.ActorDavidSuchetaskillfulboaterandchairmanoftheRiverThamesAlliancesaidIamfortunateinmylifetohavetraveledwidelyandenjoyedmanyotherriversworldwidE.ButtheRiverThamesispricelessanditisoneofthemostglitteringjewelsinthecrownofourEnglishheritagE.BorisJohnsonMayorofLondonsaidTheThamesisoneofourmostpreciousresourcessoIamexcitedtoseethateffortstoimproveandpreserveitsgoodhealtharebeingpraisedontheworldstagE.The￡220000prizeawardedattheInternationalRiveSymposiuminAustraliawillgototheThamesRiversRestorationTrust.56.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.TheRiverThameshasbecomeanurserygroundnow.B.TheRiverThameshasbeenawell-knownriverinEnglanD.C.ManyagenciestookpartintherestorationprojectsontheRiverThames.D.TheRiverThameswasoncepollutedbyindustrialwastE.57.WhatcanwelearnaboutDavidSuchet?A.Hesaidsomefactorieshavebeenregulatedtoreducepollutants.B.Heisanactorwhoisgoodatboating.C.HehastraveledtoalriversintheworlD.D.HeisamanageroftheEnvironmentAgency.58.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordfragileinthefourthparagraphmean?A.CloselyprotecteD.B.MostvisiteD.C.EasilydamageD.D.StronglypraiseD.59.WhatwasBorisJohnson’sattitudetowardsthehonor?A.ExciteD.B.MoveD.C.ConcerneD.D.DisappointeD.60.AccordingtothepassageallofthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT.A.peoplearetryingtobringmorelifetotheThamesnowadaysB.theMayorofLondonthinkstherestoringworkisworthwhileC.DavidSuchetthinkshighlyoftheThamesD.Australiawasalsoawardedinthecompetition
RadioMostteenagersnowadaysarenotregularlistenerstoradio.Theymayoccasionallytuneinbuttheydonottrytolistentoaprogramspecifically.Themainreasonteenagerslistentotheradioisformusicbutnowwithonlinesitesstreamingmusicforfreetheydonotbotheranduserscanchoosethesongstheywantinsteadoflisteningtowhattheradiopresenter/DJchooses.TelevisionMostteenagerswatchtelevisionbutusuallytherearepointsintheyearwheretheywatchmorethanaveragE.Thisisduetoprogramscomingoninseasonssotheywillwatchaparticularshowatacertaintimeaslongasitlastsbutthentheymaywatchnotelevisionforweeks.TeenagersarealsowatchinglesstelevisionbecauseofservicessuchasBBCiPlayerwhichallowsthemtowatchshowswhentheywant.WhilewatchingTVadvertisementscomeonquiteregularly18minutesofeveryhourandteenagersdonotwanttowatchthesesotheyswitchtoanotherchannelordosomethingelsewhiletheadsrun.NewspapersNoteenagerthatIknowofregularlyreadsanewspaperasmostdonothavethetimeandcannotbebotheredtoreadpagesandpagesoftextwhiletheycouldwatchthenewssummarizedontheInternetoronTV.InternetEveryteenagerhassomeaccesstotheInternetbeitatschoolorhomE.Homeuseismainlyusedforfunsuchassocialnetworkingwhilstschoolorlibraryuseisforwork.Mostteenagersareheavilyactiveonacombinationofsocialnetworkingsites.FacebookisthemostcommonwithnearlyeveryonewithanInternetconnectionregisteredandvisiting>4timesaweek.FacebookispopularasonecaninteractwithfriendsonawidescalE.ForsearchingthewebGoogleisthedominantfiguresimplybecauseitiswellknownandeasytousE.SometeenagersmakepurchasesontheInternetonsiteslikeeBaybutthisisonlyusedbyasmallpercentageasacreditcardisrequiredandmostteenagersdonothavecreditcards.ManyteenagersuseYouTubetowatchvideosusuallyanimewhichcannotbewatchedanywhereelseandsomeuseitasamusicplayerbyhavingavideowiththemusictheywanttolistentoplayinginthebackgrounD.MobilePhones99pcofteenagershaveamobilephoneandmostareqquitecapablephones.Usuallyteenagersonlyusetheirphonesfortextingcalling.Featuressuchasvideomessagingorvideocallingarenotused—becausetheyareexpensivE.ServicessuchasinstantmessagingareusedbutnotbyeveryonE.ItusuallydependswhetherthephoneisWi-FicompatiblebecauseotherwiseitisveryexpensivetogetInternetoffthephonenetwork.Asmostteenagers’phoneshaveBluetoothsupportandBluetoothisfreetheyutilizethisfeatureoften.Mobileemailisnotusedasteenagershavenoneed;theydonotneedtobeconnectedtotheirinboxallthetimeastheydon’treceiveimportantemails.Thefollowingisarecentsurveyamongteenagers:68.Thesurveycarriedoutrecentlyismainlyconcernedwith______.A.howteenagersconsumemediaB.whatelectricdevicesteenagersfavorC.whichnewtrendteenagersarefollowingD.howteenagerscontactothersandmaketheirsocialnet69.AsismentionedinthesurveythereasonwhyteenagerswatchlessTVmainlyliesinthat______.A.teenagersdonotwatchregularprogramsB.alltheTVprogramsareonforonlyafewweeksC.teenagersmayturntootherdevicestowatchtheirfavoriteD.theTVadvertscomingoneverychannelarejustthesame70.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothesurvey?A.RadiopresenterorDJusedtoinvitethelistenerstochoosethesongstheywant.B.ThemainsourceforteenagerstogetnewsisInternetaswellasnewspapers.C.GoogleisthemostcommonsocialnetworkingsitesduetoitsconveniencE.D.Somefeaturesofmodernmobilephonesarenotwidelyusedbyteenagers.
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