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PartB Directions: Studythefollowingdrawingcareful
Directions: Studythepictureabovecarefullyandwrite
Directions:Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwri
Directions:Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwri
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PartB Directions: Studythefollowingdrawingcareful
Directions: Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandw
Directions: Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandw
Directions: Studythepictureabovecarefullyandwrite
Directions: Studythepictureabovecarefullyandwrite
Directions: Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandw
PartB Directions: Studythefollowingdrawingcareful
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Directions:Youareplanningtostudyinaforeignuniversi
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Thebasicfunctionofmoneyistheenablebuyingtobeseparatedfromsellingthuspermittingtradetotakeplacewithouttheso-calleddoublecoincidenceofbarter.Ifapersonhassomethingtosellandwantssomethingelse1returnitisnotnecessarytosearchforsomeoneableand2tomakethedesiredexchangeofitems.Thepersoncansellthe3itemforgeneralpurchasingpower-thatis"money"-toanyonewhowantstobuyitandthenusetheproceedstobuythedesireditemfromanyonewhowantstosellit.Theimportanceofthisfunctionofmoneyis4illustratedbytheexperienceofGermanyjustafterWorldWarII5papermoneywas6largelyuselessbecausedespiteinflationaryconditionspricecontrolswereeffectively7bytheAmericanFrenchandBritisharmiesofoccupation.Peoplehadto8tobarterortoinefficientmoneysubstitutes.Theresultwastocuttotaloutputoftheeconomyinhalf.TheGerman"economicmiracle"justafter1948reflectedpartlyacurrencyreformbytheoccupationauthorities9someeconomistsholdthatitstemmedprimarilyfromtheGermangovernment’s10ofallpricecontrols11.permittingamoneyeconomyto12abartereconomy.13oftheactofsalefromtheactofpurchase14theexistenceofsomethingthatwillbegenerallyacceptedinpayment-thisisthe"15ofexchange"functionofmoney.Buttheremustalsobesomethingthatcanserveasa16abodeofpurchasingpowerinwhichthesellerholdstheproceedsintheinterim17thefirstsaleandthe18purchaseorfromwhichthebuyercan19thegeneralpurchasingpowerwithwhichtopay20whatisbought.Thisisthe"asset"functionofmoney. 20
Studiesfrom10nationsrevealthattheratesofdepressionamongwomenaretwiceashighastheyareamongmen.DowomenhaveabiologicalbentfordepressionoraresocialdoublestandardsthemajorcauseMentalhealthworkershavelongnoticedamongtheclinicallydepressedwomentakeupabiggerproportion.Untilrecentlythoughitwasunclearwhethermorewomenthanmenwereillorinsteadwhethermorewomensoughthelp.Infactamountingcollectionofstudieshasconfirmedthatmajordepressionistwiceascommonamongwomenasitisamongmen.ThisisoneofthemostconsistentfindingswehaveeverhadsaysMyrnaM.WeissmanofColumbiaUniversity.Scientistssearchingforexplanationsarechallengedbythefactthatavarietyofcuespromptdepressionindifferentpeople.Sortingoutwhichfactorsmighthaveagreaterinfluenceonwomenhasnotprovedeasy.Bothsexesstandanequalchanceofinheritingmajordepressionsogenesaremostlikelynottoblame.Yethormonesandsleepcycles--whichdifferdramaticallybetweenthesexescanaltermood.Alsomanyworkershaveproposedthatsocialdiscriminationmightputwomenunderhighlevelsofstress.In1990aninternationalgroupexaminesmooddisorders.Inthe10nationsreviewedsofartheteamhasfoundthatamonggenerationsreachingmaturityafter1945depressionseemstobeontheriseandoccursatayoungerage.AlthoughoverallincidencevariesregionallyeverywheretheratesofdepressionamongwomenareabouttwiceashighastheyareamongmenWeissmansays.Incontrastlifetimeratesformanic-depressiveillnessdonotdifferaccordingtosexorculture.MarkS.GeorgeandhiscolleaguesattheNationalInstituteofMentalHealthNIMHrecentlystudiedwhichregionsofthebrainhavegreaterbloodflowduringperiodsofdepression.Georgefoundthatthebrainactivityofthemenandwomenofdepressionlookedverydifferent.Hehassincecomparedfeelingsofangeranxietyandhappinessfindingnosuchbigadifference.BecauseoneinfiveAmericanwomenhasahistoryofdepressionespeciallyastheyoftenpursuetherapyfromothersourcessometimesontopofananti-depressantclinic.SaysLeibenluft:Itisremarkablehowlittleworkhasbeendoneonthissubject./TheauthorquotesLeibenluft’scommentinthelastparagraphto______.
Overthelast20yearsenergysystemsandserviceshaveexpanded.Californianowmeetsitsenergyneedsusingavarietyofsourcesfromtraditionalfossilfuelsandnucleartechnologiestorenewableenergyresourcessuchaswindsolargeothermalandbiomass.Technologicaladvancesandgovernmentstandardsandprogramshaveresultedinincreasedenergyefficiencymoreproductandserviceoptionsandacleanerenvironment.Deregulationhaspromotedcompetitioninenergycommoditiessuchasoilnaturalgasandnowelectricity.Intheneartermthemostdramaticchangesintheenergysectoraretakingplaceintheelectricityindustry.AsaresultofAssemblyBill1890Chapter854Statutesof1996manyCalifornianswillhavetheopportunitytochoosetheirelectricityproviderasofApril11998.ByJanuary11999theywillalsobeabletoshopforotherelectricservicessuchasmeteringoptions.46BecauseofthesechangesthisCaliforniaEnergyPlanemphasizesthenewcompetitioninelectricitygenerationincontrasttothediscussionofissuesinthepetroleumandnatural.gassectors.Howeverfuturestateenergypolicymayemphasizeothersectors.CompetitiveEnergyMarkets.California’senergyoversightagenciesmustfacilitatecompetitiontoensurethatthepromiseoflowerpricesandmorevalue-addedservicesarerealized.47Thiscanbeachievedthroughadoptionandenforcementoffairclearandeffectivemarketrulesandbyensuringthatconsumersareprovidedwithsufficientinformationtomakeinformedenergy-relateddecisionsGovernmentmustalsoreduceunnecessarybarrierstomarketentryandstreamlinethelicensingprocessforelectricgenerationfacilities.EconomicExpansion.Californiahasoneofthelargesteconomiesintheworld.48ConsequentlyCalifornia’seconomymustberobustinthefaceofuncertaintyprovidingforeconomicgrowthinconjunctionwithenvironmentalprotectionfortodayandforfuturegenerations.Maintainingtheenergyneedsoftoday’seconomyrequiresvastquantitiesofreliableenergyatreasonableprices.TomaintainorexpandCalifornia’sexcellenceasaworldclasseconomyrequirestechnologicaladvancementsthatenhanceproductivityandimprovetheenvironment.IntheenergyindustrytechnologicaladvancementmustfocusonincreasingdemandandsupplysideefficienciesimprovingtheenvironmentbycreatingcleanerenergyconversiontechnologiesatalllevelsofenergyproductionandenduseandsatisfyingCalifornia’smobilityrequirementsthroughdiversetransportationtechnologiesthatincreasefueleconomytakeadvantageofcleanerfuelsandexpandtransportationoptions.49Advancementsin-theseareasamongotherswillmakeCaliforniaagloballeaderintheworldmarketplaceforenergytechnologieswhilebenefitingallCalifornians.PublicInterest.CompetitiondoesnotprovidealltheanswerstoCalifornia’sneeds.UnlikecertaincommoditiesenergyisessentialforthehealthandsafetyofallCalifornians.Thusthestatemustensurethattheenergyinfrastructureissafecleanandreliable.Thepublicinterestalsodemandsthatenergybeavailableforhomeworkrecreationandtransportation.50Communitiescanhelpmeetthesepublicinterestdemandsthroughefficientlandusedesignsthatreducetotalenergydemandandtheadverseenvironmentalimpactsofenergyuse.California’senergyoversightagenciesmustcontinuetoworktogethertoavoidwherepossibledisruptionstothestate’senergysuppliesandtominimizeanyadverseimpacts.
Thebasicfunctionofmoneyistheenablebuyingtobeseparatedfromsellingthuspermittingtradetotakeplacewithouttheso-calleddoublecoincidenceofbarter.Ifapersonhassomethingtosellandwantssomethingelse1returnitisnotnecessarytosearchforsomeoneableand2tomakethedesiredexchangeofitems.Thepersoncansellthe3itemforgeneralpurchasingpower-thatis"money"-toanyonewhowantstobuyitandthenusetheproceedstobuythedesireditemfromanyonewhowantstosellit.Theimportanceofthisfunctionofmoneyis4illustratedbytheexperienceofGermanyjustafterWorldWarII5papermoneywas6largelyuselessbecausedespiteinflationaryconditionspricecontrolswereeffectively7bytheAmericanFrenchandBritisharmiesofoccupation.Peoplehadto8tobarterortoinefficientmoneysubstitutes.Theresultwastocuttotaloutputoftheeconomyinhalf.TheGerman"economicmiracle"justafter1948reflectedpartlyacurrencyreformbytheoccupationauthorities9someeconomistsholdthatitstemmedprimarilyfromtheGermangovernment’s10ofallpricecontrols11.permittingamoneyeconomyto12abartereconomy.13oftheactofsalefromtheactofpurchase14theexistenceofsomethingthatwillbegenerallyacceptedinpayment-thisisthe"15ofexchange"functionofmoney.Buttheremustalsobesomethingthatcanserveasa16abodeofpurchasingpowerinwhichthesellerholdstheproceedsintheinterim17thefirstsaleandthe18purchaseorfromwhichthebuyercan19thegeneralpurchasingpowerwithwhichtopay20whatisbought.Thisisthe"asset"functionofmoney. 18
Thebasicfunctionofmoneyistheenablebuyingtobeseparatedfromsellingthuspermittingtradetotakeplacewithouttheso-calleddoublecoincidenceofbarter.Ifapersonhassomethingtosellandwantssomethingelse1returnitisnotnecessarytosearchforsomeoneableand2tomakethedesiredexchangeofitems.Thepersoncansellthe3itemforgeneralpurchasingpower-thatis"money"-toanyonewhowantstobuyitandthenusetheproceedstobuythedesireditemfromanyonewhowantstosellit.Theimportanceofthisfunctionofmoneyis4illustratedbytheexperienceofGermanyjustafterWorldWarII5papermoneywas6largelyuselessbecausedespiteinflationaryconditionspricecontrolswereeffectively7bytheAmericanFrenchandBritisharmiesofoccupation.Peoplehadto8tobarterortoinefficientmoneysubstitutes.Theresultwastocuttotaloutputoftheeconomyinhalf.TheGerman"economicmiracle"justafter1948reflectedpartlyacurrencyreformbytheoccupationauthorities9someeconomistsholdthatitstemmedprimarilyfromtheGermangovernment’s10ofallpricecontrols11.permittingamoneyeconomyto12abartereconomy.13oftheactofsalefromtheactofpurchase14theexistenceofsomethingthatwillbegenerallyacceptedinpayment-thisisthe"15ofexchange"functionofmoney.Buttheremustalsobesomethingthatcanserveasa16abodeofpurchasingpowerinwhichthesellerholdstheproceedsintheinterim17thefirstsaleandthe18purchaseorfromwhichthebuyercan19thegeneralpurchasingpowerwithwhichtopay20whatisbought.Thisisthe"asset"functionofmoney. 6
Theroadtocontrollingpopulationgrowthinthe20thcenturywaspavedwithgoodintentionsandunpleasantpoliciesthatdidnotworkanewbookarguesanhistorianwhogrewupastheyoungestofeightchildrenmightwellbeexpectedtoapproachthequestionofwhethertheworldisoverpopulatedfromanunusualangle.MatthewConnellyaprofessoratColumbiaUniversitydedicateshisstudyofthosewhothoughttheplanethadtoomanypeopleandtriedtodosomethingaboutittohisparentsforhavingsomanychildren.YetheassuresthereaderitWasnothispersonalexperienceoflargefamiliesthatdrewhimtothesubject.Mr.Connelly’smentorPaulKennedyofYaleUniversitybelieveditwasnecessarytolookbeyondgreat-powerrivalriestounderstandthepost-cold-warera.In1994thepairwroteanarticleforAtlanticMouthlyarguingthatpopulationgrowthinpoorcountriesincreasingawarenessofglobaleconomicinequalityandtheprospectofmassmigrationcouldleadtoclashesbetweentheWestandtherest.WhenyearslaterMr.Connellybeganhisownbookonpopulationgrowthhestillthoughtofthetopicasawaytoofferabroaderunderstandingofworldsecurity.Heendedupwritingaverydifferent-andangry-bookoneaboutpeoplewholookedatthehumanracereproducingitselfandsawwhatagardenerseeswhenlookingataprizeplant:somethingtobeencouragedtobloominsomeplacesandprunedinothers.Astheworldpopulationsoaredthepopulationcontrollerscametobelievetheywerefightingawarandtherewouldbecollateraldamage.Millionsofdeviceswereexportedtopoorcountriesalthoughtheywereknowntocauseinfectionsandsterility.Perhapstheindividualpatientisexpendableinthegeneralschemeofthingssaidaparticipantataconferenceonthedevicesorganizedin1962bythePopulationCouncilaresearchinstitutefoundedbyJohn[D]Rockefellerparticularlyiftheinfectionsheacquiresissterilizingbutnotlethal.Furthermorestatisticalestimatessuggestthatasmuchas90%ofthereasonthatwomenhavefamiliesofaparticularsizeissimplybecausethatisthenumberofchildrentheywant.Wherewomengainededucationandrightsbirthratesfell.Aswithreproductionitselfforpeopletobecomelessfruitfuldesiremustprecedeperformance.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph4
Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayentitled"AcademicFalsification欺诈inChina". Intheessayyoushould 1describethepictureandinterpretitsmeaningand 2giveyourcommentonthetopic.
Thebasicfunctionofmoneyistheenablebuyingtobeseparatedfromsellingthuspermittingtradetotakeplacewithouttheso-calleddoublecoincidenceofbarter.Ifapersonhassomethingtosellandwantssomethingelse1returnitisnotnecessarytosearchforsomeoneableand2tomakethedesiredexchangeofitems.Thepersoncansellthe3itemforgeneralpurchasingpower-thatis"money"-toanyonewhowantstobuyitandthenusetheproceedstobuythedesireditemfromanyonewhowantstosellit.Theimportanceofthisfunctionofmoneyis4illustratedbytheexperienceofGermanyjustafterWorldWarII5papermoneywas6largelyuselessbecausedespiteinflationaryconditionspricecontrolswereeffectively7bytheAmericanFrenchandBritisharmiesofoccupation.Peoplehadto8tobarterortoinefficientmoneysubstitutes.Theresultwastocuttotaloutputoftheeconomyinhalf.TheGerman"economicmiracle"justafter1948reflectedpartlyacurrencyreformbytheoccupationauthorities9someeconomistsholdthatitstemmedprimarilyfromtheGermangovernment’s10ofallpricecontrols11.permittingamoneyeconomyto12abartereconomy.13oftheactofsalefromtheactofpurchase14theexistenceofsomethingthatwillbegenerallyacceptedinpayment-thisisthe"15ofexchange"functionofmoney.Buttheremustalsobesomethingthatcanserveasa16abodeofpurchasingpowerinwhichthesellerholdstheproceedsintheinterim17thefirstsaleandthe18purchaseorfromwhichthebuyercan19thegeneralpurchasingpowerwithwhichtopay20whatisbought.Thisisthe"asset"functionofmoney. 12
Customhasnotcommonlybeenregardedasasubjectofanygreatmoment. Itistheinnerworkingofownbrainsthatwefeeltobeuniquelyworthyofinvestigationbutcustomwehaveawayofthinkingisbehavioratitsmostcommonplace.Asamatteroffactitisotherwayaround.46Traditionalcustomtakentheworldoverisamassofdetailedbehaviormoreastonishingthanwhatanyonepersoncaneverevolveinindividualactionsnomatterhowunusualandabnormal.Yetthatisarathertrivialaspectofthematter.Thefactoffist-rateimportanceisthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperienceandinbeliefandtheverygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest. Nomaneverlooksattheworldwithprimitiveandunchangedeyes.Heseesiteditedbyadefinitesetofcustomsandinstitutionsandwaysofthinking.47Eveninhisphilosophicalprobing探测术hecannotgobehindthesestereotypes;hisveryconceptsofthetrueandthefalsewillstillhavereferencetohisparticulartraditionalcustoms.JohnDeweyhassaidinallseriousnessthatthepartplayedbycustominshapingthebehavioroftheindividualasagainstanywayinwhichwecanaffecttraditionalCustomisastheproportionofthetotalvocabularyofhismothertongueagainstthosewordsofhisownbabytalkthataretakenupintothevernacular本国的ofhisfamily.48Whenoneseriouslystudiesthesocialordersthathavetheopportunitytodevelopautonomouslythefigurebecomesnomorethananexactandmatter-of-factobservation. 49Thelifehistoryoftheindividualisfirstandforemostanaccommodationtothepatternsandstandardstraditionallyhandeddowninhiscommunity.Fromthemomentofhisbirththecustomsintowhichheisbornshapehisexperienceandbehavior.Bythetimehecantalkheislittlecreatureofhiscultureandbythetimeheisgrownandabletotakepartinitsactivitiesitshabitsarehishabitsitsbeliefshisbeliefsitsimpossibilitieshisimpossibilities.50Everychildthatisbornintohisgroupwillsharethemwithhimandnochildbornintooneontheoppositesideoftheglobecaneverachievethethousandthpart.Thereisnosocialproblemwhichismoreresponsibleforustounderstandthanthisoftheroleofcustom.Untilweareintelligentastoitslawsandvarietiesthemaincomplicatingfactsofhumanlifemustremainunintelligible. Traditionalcustomtakentheworldoverisamassofdetailedbehaviormoreastonishingthanwhatanyonepersoncaneverevolveinindividualactionsnomatterhowunusualandabnormal
[A]Byoptingnottotakethecasethehighcourteffectivelyendorsedalowercourt’sdecisionthataColoradocompanythatpostsratingsofhealthplansontheInternetcouldbesuedfordefamationinaWashingtoncourt.ThelowercourtrulingisoneofseveralthatmakesiteasierforplaintiffstosueWebsiteoperatorsintheirownjurisdictionsratherthanwheretheoperatorsmaintainaphysicalpresence. [B]OnlinepublishersalsomighthavetoworryaboutbeingdraggedintolawsuitsinforeigncourtssaidDowLohnes&AlbertsonattorneyJonHartwhohasrepresentedtheOnlineNewsAssocia-tion."ThemuchmoredifficultproblemsforU.S.mediacompaniesarisewhenclaimsarebroughtinforeigncountriesovercontentpublishedintheUnitedStates"Hartsaid.HartcitedarecentcaseinwhichanAustraliancourtruledthatDowJonesmustappearinaVictoriaAustraliacourttodefenditspublicationofanarticleontheU.S.basedWallStreetJournalWebsite. [C]TheU.S.SupremeCourt’sdecisionMondaytoletstandarulinginanonlinedefamationcasewillmakeitmoredifficulttodeterminecorrectlegaljurisdictionsinotherInternetcaseslegalexpertssaid. [D]UntilthehighcourtdecidestoweighindirectlyonthisissueWebsiteoperatorsthatofferinformationandservicestouserslocatedoutsideoftheirhomestatesmustdealwithathornylegallandscapesaidJohnMorganapartneratPerkinsColeLLPandanexpertinInternetlaw. [E]AccordingtoHartthepotentialchillingeffectofthosesortsofjurisdictionaldecisionsissubstantial."Ihavenotyetseenpublishersholdingbackonwhattheyotherwisepublishbecausethey’reafraidthey’regoingtogetsuedinanothercountrybutthatdoesn’tmeanitwon’thappenifweseearashofU.S.libelcasesagainstU.S.mediacompaniesbeingbroughtinforeigncountries"hesaid. [F]ThecaseinvolvedadefamationsuitfiledbyChehalisWash.basedNorthwestHealthcareAllianceagainstLakewoodColo.-basedHealthgrades.com.TheAlliancesuedinWashingtonfederalcourtafterHealthgrades.cornpostedanegativerankingofNorthwestHealthcare’shomehealthservicesontheInternet.Heahhgrades.cornarguedthatitshouldnotbesubjecttothejurisdictionofacourtinWashingtonbecauseitspublishingoperationisinColorado.[G]ObserverssaidthefactthattheSupremeCourtoptednottohearthecaseonlycloudsthelegalsituationforWebsiteoperators.GeoffStewartapartneratJonesDayinWashingtonD.C.saidthattheSupremeCourteventuallymustactontheissueasInternetsitesthatrateeverythingfromautomobiledealershipstocreditofferscouldscalebacktheirofferingstoavoidlawsuitsoriginatingnumerousjurisdictions. 44
Studiesfrom10nationsrevealthattheratesofdepressionamongwomenaretwiceashighastheyareamongmen.DowomenhaveabiologicalbentfordepressionoraresocialdoublestandardsthemajorcauseMentalhealthworkershavelongnoticedamongtheclinicallydepressedwomentakeupabiggerproportion.Untilrecentlythoughitwasunclearwhethermorewomenthanmenwereillorinsteadwhethermorewomensoughthelp.Infactamountingcollectionofstudieshasconfirmedthatmajordepressionistwiceascommonamongwomenasitisamongmen.ThisisoneofthemostconsistentfindingswehaveeverhadsaysMyrnaM.WeissmanofColumbiaUniversity.Scientistssearchingforexplanationsarechallengedbythefactthatavarietyofcuespromptdepressionindifferentpeople.Sortingoutwhichfactorsmighthaveagreaterinfluenceonwomenhasnotprovedeasy.Bothsexesstandanequalchanceofinheritingmajordepressionsogenesaremostlikelynottoblame.Yethormonesandsleepcycles--whichdifferdramaticallybetweenthesexescanaltermood.Alsomanyworkershaveproposedthatsocialdiscriminationmightputwomenunderhighlevelsofstress.In1990aninternationalgroupexaminesmooddisorders.Inthe10nationsreviewedsofartheteamhasfoundthatamonggenerationsreachingmaturityafter1945depressionseemstobeontheriseandoccursatayoungerage.AlthoughoverallincidencevariesregionallyeverywheretheratesofdepressionamongwomenareabouttwiceashighastheyareamongmenWeissmansays.Incontrastlifetimeratesformanic-depressiveillnessdonotdifferaccordingtosexorculture.MarkS.GeorgeandhiscolleaguesattheNationalInstituteofMentalHealthNIMHrecentlystudiedwhichregionsofthebrainhavegreaterbloodflowduringperiodsofdepression.Georgefoundthatthebrainactivityofthemenandwomenofdepressionlookedverydifferent.Hehassincecomparedfeelingsofangeranxietyandhappinessfindingnosuchbigadifference.BecauseoneinfiveAmericanwomenhasahistoryofdepressionespeciallyastheyoftenpursuetherapyfromothersourcessometimesontopofananti-depressantclinic.SaysLeibenluft:Itisremarkablehowlittleworkhasbeendoneonthissubject./Whatdidtheinternationalgroupfindoutaboutmooddisorder
Customhasnotcommonlybeenregardedasasubjectofanygreatmoment. Itistheinnerworkingofownbrainsthatwefeeltobeuniquelyworthyofinvestigationbutcustomwehaveawayofthinkingisbehavioratitsmostcommonplace.Asamatteroffactitisotherwayaround.46Traditionalcustomtakentheworldoverisamassofdetailedbehaviormoreastonishingthanwhatanyonepersoncaneverevolveinindividualactionsnomatterhowunusualandabnormal.Yetthatisarathertrivialaspectofthematter.Thefactoffist-rateimportanceisthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperienceandinbeliefandtheverygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest. Nomaneverlooksattheworldwithprimitiveandunchangedeyes.Heseesiteditedbyadefinitesetofcustomsandinstitutionsandwaysofthinking.47Eveninhisphilosophicalprobing探测术hecannotgobehindthesestereotypes;hisveryconceptsofthetrueandthefalsewillstillhavereferencetohisparticulartraditionalcustoms.JohnDeweyhassaidinallseriousnessthatthepartplayedbycustominshapingthebehavioroftheindividualasagainstanywayinwhichwecanaffecttraditionalCustomisastheproportionofthetotalvocabularyofhismothertongueagainstthosewordsofhisownbabytalkthataretakenupintothevernacular本国的ofhisfamily.48Whenoneseriouslystudiesthesocialordersthathavetheopportunitytodevelopautonomouslythefigurebecomesnomorethananexactandmatter-of-factobservation. 49Thelifehistoryoftheindividualisfirstandforemostanaccommodationtothepatternsandstandardstraditionallyhandeddowninhiscommunity.Fromthemomentofhisbirththecustomsintowhichheisbornshapehisexperienceandbehavior.Bythetimehecantalkheislittlecreatureofhiscultureandbythetimeheisgrownandabletotakepartinitsactivitiesitshabitsarehishabitsitsbeliefshisbeliefsitsimpossibilitieshisimpossibilities.50Everychildthatisbornintohisgroupwillsharethemwithhimandnochildbornintooneontheoppositesideoftheglobecaneverachievethethousandthpart.Thereisnosocialproblemwhichismoreresponsibleforustounderstandthanthisoftheroleofcustom.Untilweareintelligentastoitslawsandvarietiesthemaincomplicatingfactsofhumanlifemustremainunintelligible. Everychildthatisbornintohisgroupwillsharethemwithhimandnochildbornintooneontheoppositesideoftheglobecaneverachievethethousandthpart
GermanChancellorAngelaMerkelwonoverGermanvotersintheFederalElectiononSept.27.CanshenowbewonoverbyaFrenchcharmoffensive1atrepairingtherelationshipthatwasonceattheheartofEuropeThat’sthequestionbeingaskedinParis2topgovernmentofficialsare3talkingabouttheirdesiretorekindlecloserties4theirneighborsacrosstheRhine.5theendofWorldWarIItheFranco-GermanrelationshiphasbeenthemotorofEuropeanintegrationthe6forcebehindthecreationoftheEuropeanUnionandmorerecentlytheintroductionoftheeuro.Buttheardorhas7inthisdecadeparticularlyunderMerkelwhohasregularlystruggledto8herirritationwithFrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozy’sgrandstanding.Sarkozy9hasoftenbeenimpatientwithwhathe10Merkel’slackofresolve. Thesometimes11personalrapportisalongwayfromthepublicshowsofaffectiontheirpredecessorsstagedparticularlyHelmutKohlandFranCoisMitterrandwhomovinglyheld12in1984inaVerduncemetery.There’sbeentensionon13too.CharlesGrantdirectoroftheLondon-basedthinktankCentreforEuropeanReformpointsoutthatFranceandGermanyhavebeen14onissuesfromhowbesttoreflatetheireconomiesduringtheeconomic15tothesmarteststrategiesfordealingwithRussia. ButinfluentialmoversinFrancearenow16toputtherelationshipbackonafriendlierfooting.InarecentpaperFrenchthinktankInstituteMontaigne17anambitiousagendaforthetwonations18thatanewimpetusisneededifEurope’svoiceistobeheardinaworld19ofbignewplayerssuchasBrazilandIndiaandatatimewhenPresidentObamaseemsfaxmore20withChinaandtherestofAsiathanwithAmerica’straditionalalliesinEurope. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.2
Ifyousufferfromdiabetestalktoyourdoctoraboutwhatkindofexerciseisrightforyou.Thetypeofexerciseyoucandowilldependonwhetheryouhaveanyotherhealthproblems.Mostdoctorsrecommendaerobicexercisewhichmakesyoubreathemoredeeplyandmakesyourheartworkharder.Ifyouhaveproblemswiththenervesinyourfeetorlegs-yourdoctormaywantyoutodoatypeofexercisethatwon’tputstressonyourfeet.Therearesomeriskstoexercisingforpeoplewithdiabetesbutthebenefitsfarout-weightherisks.Exercisechangesthewayyourbodyreactstoinsulin.Regularexercisemakesyourbodymoresensitivetoinsulin胰岛素andyourbloodsugarlevelmaygettoolow—calledhypoglycemia血糖过少—afterexercising.Youmayneedtocheckyourbloodsugarlevelbeforeandafterexercising.Yourdoctorcantellyouwhatyourbloodsugarlevelshouldbebeforeandafterexercise.Itisespeciallyimportanttowatchyourbloodsugarlevelifyouexerciseinreallyhotorcoldconditionsbecausethetemperaturechangeshowyourbodyabsorbsinsulin.Ifyourbloodsugarlevelistoolowortoohighrightbeforeyouplantoexerciseit’sbettertowaituntilthelevelimproves.Itisespeciallyimportanttowatchyourbloodsugarlevelifyouexerciseinreallyhotorcoldconditionsbecausethetemperaturechangeshowyourbodyabsorbsinsulin.Alsoyoumayfeelachangeinyourheartbeatsuddenlysweatmorefeelshakyoranxiousorfeelhungry.Whenyoufeelthiswayyoushouldstopexercisingandfollowyourdoctor’sadviceabouthowtotreathypoglycemia.Manypeoplewithdiabeteshaveproblemswiththenervesintheirfeetandlegssometimeswithoutevenknowingit.Soit’simportantthatyouwearshoesthatfitwellandhaveplentyofroomwhenyouexercise.Otherwiseyoucoulddevelopblistersorothersoresonyourfeetthatcanleadtoinfectionandotherproblems.Youshouldcheckyourfeetbeforeandafteryouexercisetomakesuretherearenoblistersorothersores.Whenyou’reexercisingyourbodyusesmorefluidtokeepyoucool.Bythetimeyoufeelthirstyyoumayalreadybegettingdehydrated.Dehydrationnotenoughfluidinyourbodycanaffectyourbloodsugarlevel.Drinkplentyoffluidbeforeduringandafterexercise.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue
OnethingthatIsmaelMatos23sayshe’slearnedonhisjobasaspecialagentwiththeGeekSquadisthattherearenostupidquestions—notevenwhenacustomeraskswherethepowerbuttonis.ThegoalMatossaysisfirsttostripoutthejargon.Youknowwhathemeans:thosetermslikegigsRamandmotherboardthatciviliansdon’ttypicallyuseineverydayconversations.OnceheestablishesacommonlanguagewiththecustomerMatoscanfocusonbuildingarelationshiponethathehopeswillpayoffinthefuture.Matosknowsthatclientsoftendon’thavethesameskillshedoes.HiscustomersaskforhelpnotonlywithsettingupnewcomputersandinstallingsoftwarebutalsowithdigitalcameraswirelessInternetaccessandevengettingtheiriPodsyncedwithiTunes.WeliveintheageofWeb2.0whenInternetviewersarefastbecomingcontentcreators.WemaylogintosocialnetworkingsitessuchasDiggandTechnoratirateorevenuploadvideosonYouTubeandcontributeandeditinformationoncollaboratewebsitesknownaswikis.Butmembersofthisexpandingplugged-inpopulationaren’tnecessarilyuptospeedwiththelanguageoftheweb—orunderstandthetechnicallingoofthesalesorcustomerservicepeoplethey’returningtoforassistance.AccordingtoaCyberStresssurveyof1001AmericanbroadbandInternetserviceusers46percentsaidthetypicaltechsupportpersonusesanexcessoftechnicallanguageand61percentsaidtheywouldpreferacomputertherapistwhoiscompassionateandeasytotalkto.AquestionthatonlinepublicrelationsstrategistSallyFalkowsaysshe’shearingoftenthesedaysisHowdowecopewithallthisshetellspeopleThere’snowayyoucanescapethis.There’sabigconversationgoingonandit’simportanttolearnhowtobepartofit.Ifyou’reattheearlieststageofthelearningcurvestartbyreadingtechnology-orientedcolumnsandarticlesinmagazinesnewspapersandwebsitesthatarewrittenforageneralaudience.Moveuptomoretech-orientede-lettersasyoubuildafoundation.Asyoucomeacrossnewtellslookthemuponline.DefinitionsatWikipediatheonlineencyclopediawrittenandeditedbywebusersmaybehelpful.Youshouldalsostartassociatingwithpeoplewhocanhelpexplainthings.Lookforgroupsthatsponsorseminarsorfindasupportiveonlinecommunity.Don’tbeafraidtoguideyourhelper.Explainwhatyouneedtoknowaskhimorhertoslowdownandspeakinbasicterms.ItcanbeinferredthattheGeekSquadis______.
[A]Byoptingnottotakethecasethehighcourteffectivelyendorsedalowercourt’sdecisionthataColoradocompanythatpostsratingsofhealthplansontheInternetcouldbesuedfordefamationinaWashingtoncourt.ThelowercourtrulingisoneofseveralthatmakesiteasierforplaintiffstosueWebsiteoperatorsintheirownjurisdictionsratherthanwheretheoperatorsmaintainaphysicalpresence. [B]OnlinepublishersalsomighthavetoworryaboutbeingdraggedintolawsuitsinforeigncourtssaidDowLohnes&AlbertsonattorneyJonHartwhohasrepresentedtheOnlineNewsAssocia-tion."ThemuchmoredifficultproblemsforU.S.mediacompaniesarisewhenclaimsarebroughtinforeigncountriesovercontentpublishedintheUnitedStates"Hartsaid.HartcitedarecentcaseinwhichanAustraliancourtruledthatDowJonesmustappearinaVictoriaAustraliacourttodefenditspublicationofanarticleontheU.S.basedWallStreetJournalWebsite. [C]TheU.S.SupremeCourt’sdecisionMondaytoletstandarulinginanonlinedefamationcasewillmakeitmoredifficulttodeterminecorrectlegaljurisdictionsinotherInternetcaseslegalexpertssaid. [D]UntilthehighcourtdecidestoweighindirectlyonthisissueWebsiteoperatorsthatofferinformationandservicestouserslocatedoutsideoftheirhomestatesmustdealwithathornylegallandscapesaidJohnMorganapartneratPerkinsColeLLPandanexpertinInternetlaw. [E]AccordingtoHartthepotentialchillingeffectofthosesortsofjurisdictionaldecisionsissubstantial."Ihavenotyetseenpublishersholdingbackonwhattheyotherwisepublishbecausethey’reafraidthey’regoingtogetsuedinanothercountrybutthatdoesn’tmeanitwon’thappenifweseearashofU.S.libelcasesagainstU.S.mediacompaniesbeingbroughtinforeigncountries"hesaid. [F]ThecaseinvolvedadefamationsuitfiledbyChehalisWash.basedNorthwestHealthcareAllianceagainstLakewoodColo.-basedHealthgrades.com.TheAlliancesuedinWashingtonfederalcourtafterHealthgrades.cornpostedanegativerankingofNorthwestHealthcare’shomehealthservicesontheInternet.Heahhgrades.cornarguedthatitshouldnotbesubjecttothejurisdictionofacourtinWashingtonbecauseitspublishingoperationisinColorado.[G]ObserverssaidthefactthattheSupremeCourtoptednottohearthecaseonlycloudsthelegalsituationforWebsiteoperators.GeoffStewartapartneratJonesDayinWashingtonD.C.saidthattheSupremeCourteventuallymustactontheissueasInternetsitesthatrateeverythingfromautomobiledealershipstocreditofferscouldscalebacktheirofferingstoavoidlawsuitsoriginatingnumerousjurisdictions. 42
OnethingthatIsmaelMatos23sayshe’slearnedonhisjobasaspecialagentwiththeGeekSquadisthattherearenostupidquestions—notevenwhenacustomeraskswherethepowerbuttonis.ThegoalMatossaysisfirsttostripoutthejargon.Youknowwhathemeans:thosetermslikegigsRamandmotherboardthatciviliansdon’ttypicallyuseineverydayconversations.OnceheestablishesacommonlanguagewiththecustomerMatoscanfocusonbuildingarelationshiponethathehopeswillpayoffinthefuture.Matosknowsthatclientsoftendon’thavethesameskillshedoes.HiscustomersaskforhelpnotonlywithsettingupnewcomputersandinstallingsoftwarebutalsowithdigitalcameraswirelessInternetaccessandevengettingtheiriPodsyncedwithiTunes.WeliveintheageofWeb2.0whenInternetviewersarefastbecomingcontentcreators.WemaylogintosocialnetworkingsitessuchasDiggandTechnoratirateorevenuploadvideosonYouTubeandcontributeandeditinformationoncollaboratewebsitesknownaswikis.Butmembersofthisexpandingplugged-inpopulationaren’tnecessarilyuptospeedwiththelanguageoftheweb—orunderstandthetechnicallingoofthesalesorcustomerservicepeoplethey’returningtoforassistance.AccordingtoaCyberStresssurveyof1001AmericanbroadbandInternetserviceusers46percentsaidthetypicaltechsupportpersonusesanexcessoftechnicallanguageand61percentsaidtheywouldpreferacomputertherapistwhoiscompassionateandeasytotalkto.AquestionthatonlinepublicrelationsstrategistSallyFalkowsaysshe’shearingoftenthesedaysisHowdowecopewithallthisshetellspeopleThere’snowayyoucanescapethis.There’sabigconversationgoingonandit’simportanttolearnhowtobepartofit.Ifyou’reattheearlieststageofthelearningcurvestartbyreadingtechnology-orientedcolumnsandarticlesinmagazinesnewspapersandwebsitesthatarewrittenforageneralaudience.Moveuptomoretech-orientede-lettersasyoubuildafoundation.Asyoucomeacrossnewtellslookthemuponline.DefinitionsatWikipediatheonlineencyclopediawrittenandeditedbywebusersmaybehelpful.Youshouldalsostartassociatingwithpeoplewhocanhelpexplainthings.Lookforgroupsthatsponsorseminarsorfindasupportiveonlinecommunity.Don’tbeafraidtoguideyourhelper.Explainwhatyouneedtoknowaskhimorhertoslowdownandspeakinbasicterms.WhatisthemajorproblemshownbytheCyberStresssurvey
Ifyousufferfromdiabetestalktoyourdoctoraboutwhatkindofexerciseisrightforyou.Thetypeofexerciseyoucandowilldependonwhetheryouhaveanyotherhealthproblems.Mostdoctorsrecommendaerobicexercisewhichmakesyoubreathemoredeeplyandmakesyourheartworkharder.Ifyouhaveproblemswiththenervesinyourfeetorlegs-yourdoctormaywantyoutodoatypeofexercisethatwon’tputstressonyourfeet.Therearesomeriskstoexercisingforpeoplewithdiabetesbutthebenefitsfarout-weightherisks.Exercisechangesthewayyourbodyreactstoinsulin.Regularexercisemakesyourbodymoresensitivetoinsulin胰岛素andyourbloodsugarlevelmaygettoolow—calledhypoglycemia血糖过少—afterexercising.Youmayneedtocheckyourbloodsugarlevelbeforeandafterexercising.Yourdoctorcantellyouwhatyourbloodsugarlevelshouldbebeforeandafterexercise.Itisespeciallyimportanttowatchyourbloodsugarlevelifyouexerciseinreallyhotorcoldconditionsbecausethetemperaturechangeshowyourbodyabsorbsinsulin.Ifyourbloodsugarlevelistoolowortoohighrightbeforeyouplantoexerciseit’sbettertowaituntilthelevelimproves.Itisespeciallyimportanttowatchyourbloodsugarlevelifyouexerciseinreallyhotorcoldconditionsbecausethetemperaturechangeshowyourbodyabsorbsinsulin.Alsoyoumayfeelachangeinyourheartbeatsuddenlysweatmorefeelshakyoranxiousorfeelhungry.Whenyoufeelthiswayyoushouldstopexercisingandfollowyourdoctor’sadviceabouthowtotreathypoglycemia.Manypeoplewithdiabeteshaveproblemswiththenervesintheirfeetandlegssometimeswithoutevenknowingit.Soit’simportantthatyouwearshoesthatfitwellandhaveplentyofroomwhenyouexercise.Otherwiseyoucoulddevelopblistersorothersoresonyourfeetthatcanleadtoinfectionandotherproblems.Youshouldcheckyourfeetbeforeandafteryouexercisetomakesuretherearenoblistersorothersores.Whenyou’reexercisingyourbodyusesmorefluidtokeepyoucool.Bythetimeyoufeelthirstyyoumayalreadybegettingdehydrated.Dehydrationnotenoughfluidinyourbodycanaffectyourbloodsugarlevel.Drinkplentyoffluidbeforeduringandafterexercise.Whatelseshoulddiabeticpatientspayattentionto
Thebasicfunctionofmoneyistheenablebuyingtobeseparatedfromsellingthuspermittingtradetotakeplacewithouttheso-calleddoublecoincidenceofbarter.Ifapersonhassomethingtosellandwantssomethingelse1returnitisnotnecessarytosearchforsomeoneableand2tomakethedesiredexchangeofitems.Thepersoncansellthe3itemforgeneralpurchasingpower-thatis"money"-toanyonewhowantstobuyitandthenusetheproceedstobuythedesireditemfromanyonewhowantstosellit.Theimportanceofthisfunctionofmoneyis4illustratedbytheexperienceofGermanyjustafterWorldWarII5papermoneywas6largelyuselessbecausedespiteinflationaryconditionspricecontrolswereeffectively7bytheAmericanFrenchandBritisharmiesofoccupation.Peoplehadto8tobarterortoinefficientmoneysubstitutes.Theresultwastocuttotaloutputoftheeconomyinhalf.TheGerman"economicmiracle"justafter1948reflectedpartlyacurrencyreformbytheoccupationauthorities9someeconomistsholdthatitstemmedprimarilyfromtheGermangovernment’s10ofallpricecontrols11.permittingamoneyeconomyto12abartereconomy.13oftheactofsalefromtheactofpurchase14theexistenceofsomethingthatwillbegenerallyacceptedinpayment-thisisthe"15ofexchange"functionofmoney.Buttheremustalsobesomethingthatcanserveasa16abodeofpurchasingpowerinwhichthesellerholdstheproceedsintheinterim17thefirstsaleandthe18purchaseorfromwhichthebuyercan19thegeneralpurchasingpowerwithwhichtopay20whatisbought.Thisisthe"asset"functionofmoney. 10
Thebasicfunctionofmoneyistheenablebuyingtobeseparatedfromsellingthuspermittingtradetotakeplacewithouttheso-calleddoublecoincidenceofbarter.Ifapersonhassomethingtosellandwantssomethingelse1returnitisnotnecessarytosearchforsomeoneableand2tomakethedesiredexchangeofitems.Thepersoncansellthe3itemforgeneralpurchasingpower-thatis"money"-toanyonewhowantstobuyitandthenusetheproceedstobuythedesireditemfromanyonewhowantstosellit.Theimportanceofthisfunctionofmoneyis4illustratedbytheexperienceofGermanyjustafterWorldWarII5papermoneywas6largelyuselessbecausedespiteinflationaryconditionspricecontrolswereeffectively7bytheAmericanFrenchandBritisharmiesofoccupation.Peoplehadto8tobarterortoinefficientmoneysubstitutes.Theresultwastocuttotaloutputoftheeconomyinhalf.TheGerman"economicmiracle"justafter1948reflectedpartlyacurrencyreformbytheoccupationauthorities9someeconomistsholdthatitstemmedprimarilyfromtheGermangovernment’s10ofallpricecontrols11.permittingamoneyeconomyto12abartereconomy.13oftheactofsalefromtheactofpurchase14theexistenceofsomethingthatwillbegenerallyacceptedinpayment-thisisthe"15ofexchange"functionofmoney.Buttheremustalsobesomethingthatcanserveasa16abodeofpurchasingpowerinwhichthesellerholdstheproceedsintheinterim17thefirstsaleandthe18purchaseorfromwhichthebuyercan19thegeneralpurchasingpowerwithwhichtopay20whatisbought.Thisisthe"asset"functionofmoney. 8
Thebasicfunctionofmoneyistheenablebuyingtobeseparatedfromsellingthuspermittingtradetotakeplacewithouttheso-calleddoublecoincidenceofbarter.Ifapersonhassomethingtosellandwantssomethingelse1returnitisnotnecessarytosearchforsomeoneableand2tomakethedesiredexchangeofitems.Thepersoncansellthe3itemforgeneralpurchasingpower-thatis"money"-toanyonewhowantstobuyitandthenusetheproceedstobuythedesireditemfromanyonewhowantstosellit.Theimportanceofthisfunctionofmoneyis4illustratedbytheexperienceofGermanyjustafterWorldWarII5papermoneywas6largelyuselessbecausedespiteinflationaryconditionspricecontrolswereeffectively7bytheAmericanFrenchandBritisharmiesofoccupation.Peoplehadto8tobarterortoinefficientmoneysubstitutes.Theresultwastocuttotaloutputoftheeconomyinhalf.TheGerman"economicmiracle"justafter1948reflectedpartlyacurrencyreformbytheoccupationauthorities9someeconomistsholdthatitstemmedprimarilyfromtheGermangovernment’s10ofallpricecontrols11.permittingamoneyeconomyto12abartereconomy.13oftheactofsalefromtheactofpurchase14theexistenceofsomethingthatwillbegenerallyacceptedinpayment-thisisthe"15ofexchange"functionofmoney.Buttheremustalsobesomethingthatcanserveasa16abodeofpurchasingpowerinwhichthesellerholdstheproceedsintheinterim17thefirstsaleandthe18purchaseorfromwhichthebuyercan19thegeneralpurchasingpowerwithwhichtopay20whatisbought.Thisisthe"asset"functionofmoney. 2
Studiesfrom10nationsrevealthattheratesofdepressionamongwomenaretwiceashighastheyareamongmen.DowomenhaveabiologicalbentfordepressionoraresocialdoublestandardsthemajorcauseMentalhealthworkershavelongnoticedamongtheclinicallydepressedwomentakeupabiggerproportion.Untilrecentlythoughitwasunclearwhethermorewomenthanmenwereillorinsteadwhethermorewomensoughthelp.Infactamountingcollectionofstudieshasconfirmedthatmajordepressionistwiceascommonamongwomenasitisamongmen.ThisisoneofthemostconsistentfindingswehaveeverhadsaysMyrnaM.WeissmanofColumbiaUniversity.Scientistssearchingforexplanationsarechallengedbythefactthatavarietyofcuespromptdepressionindifferentpeople.Sortingoutwhichfactorsmighthaveagreaterinfluenceonwomenhasnotprovedeasy.Bothsexesstandanequalchanceofinheritingmajordepressionsogenesaremostlikelynottoblame.Yethormonesandsleepcycles--whichdifferdramaticallybetweenthesexescanaltermood.Alsomanyworkershaveproposedthatsocialdiscriminationmightputwomenunderhighlevelsofstress.In1990aninternationalgroupexaminesmooddisorders.Inthe10nationsreviewedsofartheteamhasfoundthatamonggenerationsreachingmaturityafter1945depressionseemstobeontheriseandoccursatayoungerage.AlthoughoverallincidencevariesregionallyeverywheretheratesofdepressionamongwomenareabouttwiceashighastheyareamongmenWeissmansays.Incontrastlifetimeratesformanic-depressiveillnessdonotdifferaccordingtosexorculture.MarkS.GeorgeandhiscolleaguesattheNationalInstituteofMentalHealthNIMHrecentlystudiedwhichregionsofthebrainhavegreaterbloodflowduringperiodsofdepression.Georgefoundthatthebrainactivityofthemenandwomenofdepressionlookedverydifferent.Hehassincecomparedfeelingsofangeranxietyandhappinessfindingnosuchbigadifference.BecauseoneinfiveAmericanwomenhasahistoryofdepressionespeciallyastheyoftenpursuetherapyfromothersourcessometimesontopofananti-depressantclinic.SaysLeibenluft:Itisremarkablehowlittleworkhasbeendoneonthissubject./WhichoneofthefollowingistrueaboutMyrnaM.Weissman’scomment
Theroadtocontrollingpopulationgrowthinthe20thcenturywaspavedwithgoodintentionsandunpleasantpoliciesthatdidnotworkanewbookarguesanhistorianwhogrewupastheyoungestofeightchildrenmightwellbeexpectedtoapproachthequestionofwhethertheworldisoverpopulatedfromanunusualangle.MatthewConnellyaprofessoratColumbiaUniversitydedicateshisstudyofthosewhothoughttheplanethadtoomanypeopleandtriedtodosomethingaboutittohisparentsforhavingsomanychildren.YetheassuresthereaderitWasnothispersonalexperienceoflargefamiliesthatdrewhimtothesubject.Mr.Connelly’smentorPaulKennedyofYaleUniversitybelieveditwasnecessarytolookbeyondgreat-powerrivalriestounderstandthepost-cold-warera.In1994thepairwroteanarticleforAtlanticMouthlyarguingthatpopulationgrowthinpoorcountriesincreasingawarenessofglobaleconomicinequalityandtheprospectofmassmigrationcouldleadtoclashesbetweentheWestandtherest.WhenyearslaterMr.Connellybeganhisownbookonpopulationgrowthhestillthoughtofthetopicasawaytoofferabroaderunderstandingofworldsecurity.Heendedupwritingaverydifferent-andangry-bookoneaboutpeoplewholookedatthehumanracereproducingitselfandsawwhatagardenerseeswhenlookingataprizeplant:somethingtobeencouragedtobloominsomeplacesandprunedinothers.Astheworldpopulationsoaredthepopulationcontrollerscametobelievetheywerefightingawarandtherewouldbecollateraldamage.Millionsofdeviceswereexportedtopoorcountriesalthoughtheywereknowntocauseinfectionsandsterility.Perhapstheindividualpatientisexpendableinthegeneralschemeofthingssaidaparticipantataconferenceonthedevicesorganizedin1962bythePopulationCouncilaresearchinstitutefoundedbyJohn[D]Rockefellerparticularlyiftheinfectionsheacquiresissterilizingbutnotlethal.Furthermorestatisticalestimatessuggestthatasmuchas90%ofthereasonthatwomenhavefamiliesofaparticularsizeissimplybecausethatisthenumberofchildrentheywant.Wherewomengainededucationandrightsbirthratesfell.Aswithreproductionitselfforpeopletobecomelessfruitfuldesiremustprecedeperformance.WhichoneofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoConnelly’sbookin19947
OnethingthatIsmaelMatos23sayshe’slearnedonhisjobasaspecialagentwiththeGeekSquadisthattherearenostupidquestions—notevenwhenacustomeraskswherethepowerbuttonis.ThegoalMatossaysisfirsttostripoutthejargon.Youknowwhathemeans:thosetermslikegigsRamandmotherboardthatciviliansdon’ttypicallyuseineverydayconversations.OnceheestablishesacommonlanguagewiththecustomerMatoscanfocusonbuildingarelationshiponethathehopeswillpayoffinthefuture.Matosknowsthatclientsoftendon’thavethesameskillshedoes.HiscustomersaskforhelpnotonlywithsettingupnewcomputersandinstallingsoftwarebutalsowithdigitalcameraswirelessInternetaccessandevengettingtheiriPodsyncedwithiTunes.WeliveintheageofWeb2.0whenInternetviewersarefastbecomingcontentcreators.WemaylogintosocialnetworkingsitessuchasDiggandTechnoratirateorevenuploadvideosonYouTubeandcontributeandeditinformationoncollaboratewebsitesknownaswikis.Butmembersofthisexpandingplugged-inpopulationaren’tnecessarilyuptospeedwiththelanguageoftheweb—orunderstandthetechnicallingoofthesalesorcustomerservicepeoplethey’returningtoforassistance.AccordingtoaCyberStresssurveyof1001AmericanbroadbandInternetserviceusers46percentsaidthetypicaltechsupportpersonusesanexcessoftechnicallanguageand61percentsaidtheywouldpreferacomputertherapistwhoiscompassionateandeasytotalkto.AquestionthatonlinepublicrelationsstrategistSallyFalkowsaysshe’shearingoftenthesedaysisHowdowecopewithallthisshetellspeopleThere’snowayyoucanescapethis.There’sabigconversationgoingonandit’simportanttolearnhowtobepartofit.Ifyou’reattheearlieststageofthelearningcurvestartbyreadingtechnology-orientedcolumnsandarticlesinmagazinesnewspapersandwebsitesthatarewrittenforageneralaudience.Moveuptomoretech-orientede-lettersasyoubuildafoundation.Asyoucomeacrossnewtellslookthemuponline.DefinitionsatWikipediatheonlineencyclopediawrittenandeditedbywebusersmaybehelpful.Youshouldalsostartassociatingwithpeoplewhocanhelpexplainthings.Lookforgroupsthatsponsorseminarsorfindasupportiveonlinecommunity.Don’tbeafraidtoguideyourhelper.Explainwhatyouneedtoknowaskhimorhertoslowdownandspeakinbasicterms.Whichgroupofpeopleisthetargetaudienceofthelastparagraph
Customhasnotcommonlybeenregardedasasubjectofanygreatmoment. Itistheinnerworkingofownbrainsthatwefeeltobeuniquelyworthyofinvestigationbutcustomwehaveawayofthinkingisbehavioratitsmostcommonplace.Asamatteroffactitisotherwayaround.46Traditionalcustomtakentheworldoverisamassofdetailedbehaviormoreastonishingthanwhatanyonepersoncaneverevolveinindividualactionsnomatterhowunusualandabnormal.Yetthatisarathertrivialaspectofthematter.Thefactoffist-rateimportanceisthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperienceandinbeliefandtheverygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest. Nomaneverlooksattheworldwithprimitiveandunchangedeyes.Heseesiteditedbyadefinitesetofcustomsandinstitutionsandwaysofthinking.47Eveninhisphilosophicalprobing探测术hecannotgobehindthesestereotypes;hisveryconceptsofthetrueandthefalsewillstillhavereferencetohisparticulartraditionalcustoms.JohnDeweyhassaidinallseriousnessthatthepartplayedbycustominshapingthebehavioroftheindividualasagainstanywayinwhichwecanaffecttraditionalCustomisastheproportionofthetotalvocabularyofhismothertongueagainstthosewordsofhisownbabytalkthataretakenupintothevernacular本国的ofhisfamily.48Whenoneseriouslystudiesthesocialordersthathavetheopportunitytodevelopautonomouslythefigurebecomesnomorethananexactandmatter-of-factobservation. 49Thelifehistoryoftheindividualisfirstandforemostanaccommodationtothepatternsandstandardstraditionallyhandeddowninhiscommunity.Fromthemomentofhisbirththecustomsintowhichheisbornshapehisexperienceandbehavior.Bythetimehecantalkheislittlecreatureofhiscultureandbythetimeheisgrownandabletotakepartinitsactivitiesitshabitsarehishabitsitsbeliefshisbeliefsitsimpossibilitieshisimpossibilities.50Everychildthatisbornintohisgroupwillsharethemwithhimandnochildbornintooneontheoppositesideoftheglobecaneverachievethethousandthpart.Thereisnosocialproblemwhichismoreresponsibleforustounderstandthanthisoftheroleofcustom.Untilweareintelligentastoitslawsandvarietiesthemaincomplicatingfactsofhumanlifemustremainunintelligible. Whenoneseriouslystudiesthesocialordersthathavetheopportunitytodevelopautonomouslythefigurebecomesnomorethananexactandmatter-of-factobservation.
Thebasicfunctionofmoneyistheenablebuyingtobeseparatedfromsellingthuspermittingtradetotakeplacewithouttheso-calleddoublecoincidenceofbarter.Ifapersonhassomethingtosellandwantssomethingelse1returnitisnotnecessarytosearchforsomeoneableand2tomakethedesiredexchangeofitems.Thepersoncansellthe3itemforgeneralpurchasingpower-thatis"money"-toanyonewhowantstobuyitandthenusetheproceedstobuythedesireditemfromanyonewhowantstosellit.Theimportanceofthisfunctionofmoneyis4illustratedbytheexperienceofGermanyjustafterWorldWarII5papermoneywas6largelyuselessbecausedespiteinflationaryconditionspricecontrolswereeffectively7bytheAmericanFrenchandBritisharmiesofoccupation.Peoplehadto8tobarterortoinefficientmoneysubstitutes.Theresultwastocuttotaloutputoftheeconomyinhalf.TheGerman"economicmiracle"justafter1948reflectedpartlyacurrencyreformbytheoccupationauthorities9someeconomistsholdthatitstemmedprimarilyfromtheGermangovernment’s10ofallpricecontrols11.permittingamoneyeconomyto12abartereconomy.13oftheactofsalefromtheactofpurchase14theexistenceofsomethingthatwillbegenerallyacceptedinpayment-thisisthe"15ofexchange"functionofmoney.Buttheremustalsobesomethingthatcanserveasa16abodeofpurchasingpowerinwhichthesellerholdstheproceedsintheinterim17thefirstsaleandthe18purchaseorfromwhichthebuyercan19thegeneralpurchasingpowerwithwhichtopay20whatisbought.Thisisthe"asset"functionofmoney. 4
Overthelast20yearsenergysystemsandserviceshaveexpanded.Californianowmeetsitsenergyneedsusingavarietyofsourcesfromtraditionalfossilfuelsandnucleartechnologiestorenewableenergyresourcessuchaswindsolargeothermalandbiomass.Technologicaladvancesandgovernmentstandardsandprogramshaveresultedinincreasedenergyefficiencymoreproductandserviceoptionsandacleanerenvironment.Deregulationhaspromotedcompetitioninenergycommoditiessuchasoilnaturalgasandnowelectricity.Intheneartermthemostdramaticchangesintheenergysectoraretakingplaceintheelectricityindustry.AsaresultofAssemblyBill1890Chapter854Statutesof1996manyCalifornianswillhavetheopportunitytochoosetheirelectricityproviderasofApril11998.ByJanuary11999theywillalsobeabletoshopforotherelectricservicessuchasmeteringoptions.46BecauseofthesechangesthisCaliforniaEnergyPlanemphasizesthenewcompetitioninelectricitygenerationincontrasttothediscussionofissuesinthepetroleumandnatural.gassectors.Howeverfuturestateenergypolicymayemphasizeothersectors.CompetitiveEnergyMarkets.California’senergyoversightagenciesmustfacilitatecompetitiontoensurethatthepromiseoflowerpricesandmorevalue-addedservicesarerealized.47Thiscanbeachievedthroughadoptionandenforcementoffairclearandeffectivemarketrulesandbyensuringthatconsumersareprovidedwithsufficientinformationtomakeinformedenergy-relateddecisionsGovernmentmustalsoreduceunnecessarybarrierstomarketentryandstreamlinethelicensingprocessforelectricgenerationfacilities.EconomicExpansion.Californiahasoneofthelargesteconomiesintheworld.48ConsequentlyCalifornia’seconomymustberobustinthefaceofuncertaintyprovidingforeconomicgrowthinconjunctionwithenvironmentalprotectionfortodayandforfuturegenerations.Maintainingtheenergyneedsoftoday’seconomyrequiresvastquantitiesofreliableenergyatreasonableprices.TomaintainorexpandCalifornia’sexcellenceasaworldclasseconomyrequirestechnologicaladvancementsthatenhanceproductivityandimprovetheenvironment.IntheenergyindustrytechnologicaladvancementmustfocusonincreasingdemandandsupplysideefficienciesimprovingtheenvironmentbycreatingcleanerenergyconversiontechnologiesatalllevelsofenergyproductionandenduseandsatisfyingCalifornia’smobilityrequirementsthroughdiversetransportationtechnologiesthatincreasefueleconomytakeadvantageofcleanerfuelsandexpandtransportationoptions.49Advancementsin-theseareasamongotherswillmakeCaliforniaagloballeaderintheworldmarketplaceforenergytechnologieswhilebenefitingallCalifornians.PublicInterest.CompetitiondoesnotprovidealltheanswerstoCalifornia’sneeds.UnlikecertaincommoditiesenergyisessentialforthehealthandsafetyofallCalifornians.Thusthestatemustensurethattheenergyinfrastructureissafecleanandreliable.Thepublicinterestalsodemandsthatenergybeavailableforhomeworkrecreationandtransportation.50Communitiescanhelpmeetthesepublicinterestdemandsthroughefficientlandusedesignsthatreducetotalenergydemandandtheadverseenvironmentalimpactsofenergyuse.California’senergyoversightagenciesmustcontinuetoworktogethertoavoidwherepossibledisruptionstothestate’senergysuppliesandtominimizeanyadverseimpacts.
Directions:Title:CopyrightontheInternetOutline:thepresentstatereasonsandsolutionsYoushouldwriteabout160--200wordsheadyonANSWERSHEET2.
Thebasicfunctionofmoneyistheenablebuyingtobeseparatedfromsellingthuspermittingtradetotakeplacewithouttheso-calleddoublecoincidenceofbarter.Ifapersonhassomethingtosellandwantssomethingelse1returnitisnotnecessarytosearchforsomeoneableand2tomakethedesiredexchangeofitems.Thepersoncansellthe3itemforgeneralpurchasingpower-thatis"money"-toanyonewhowantstobuyitandthenusetheproceedstobuythedesireditemfromanyonewhowantstosellit.Theimportanceofthisfunctionofmoneyis4illustratedbytheexperienceofGermanyjustafterWorldWarII5papermoneywas6largelyuselessbecausedespiteinflationaryconditionspricecontrolswereeffectively7bytheAmericanFrenchandBritisharmiesofoccupation.Peoplehadto8tobarterortoinefficientmoneysubstitutes.Theresultwastocuttotaloutputoftheeconomyinhalf.TheGerman"economicmiracle"justafter1948reflectedpartlyacurrencyreformbytheoccupationauthorities9someeconomistsholdthatitstemmedprimarilyfromtheGermangovernment’s10ofallpricecontrols11.permittingamoneyeconomyto12abartereconomy.13oftheactofsalefromtheactofpurchase14theexistenceofsomethingthatwillbegenerallyacceptedinpayment-thisisthe"15ofexchange"functionofmoney.Buttheremustalsobesomethingthatcanserveasa16abodeofpurchasingpowerinwhichthesellerholdstheproceedsintheinterim17thefirstsaleandthe18purchaseorfromwhichthebuyercan19thegeneralpurchasingpowerwithwhichtopay20whatisbought.Thisisthe"asset"functionofmoney. 16
Thebasicfunctionofmoneyistheenablebuyingtobeseparatedfromsellingthuspermittingtradetotakeplacewithouttheso-calleddoublecoincidenceofbarter.Ifapersonhassomethingtosellandwantssomethingelse1returnitisnotnecessarytosearchforsomeoneableand2tomakethedesiredexchangeofitems.Thepersoncansellthe3itemforgeneralpurchasingpower-thatis"money"-toanyonewhowantstobuyitandthenusetheproceedstobuythedesireditemfromanyonewhowantstosellit.Theimportanceofthisfunctionofmoneyis4illustratedbytheexperienceofGermanyjustafterWorldWarII5papermoneywas6largelyuselessbecausedespiteinflationaryconditionspricecontrolswereeffectively7bytheAmericanFrenchandBritisharmiesofoccupation.Peoplehadto8tobarterortoinefficientmoneysubstitutes.Theresultwastocuttotaloutputoftheeconomyinhalf.TheGerman"economicmiracle"justafter1948reflectedpartlyacurrencyreformbytheoccupationauthorities9someeconomistsholdthatitstemmedprimarilyfromtheGermangovernment’s10ofallpricecontrols11.permittingamoneyeconomyto12abartereconomy.13oftheactofsalefromtheactofpurchase14theexistenceofsomethingthatwillbegenerallyacceptedinpayment-thisisthe"15ofexchange"functionofmoney.Buttheremustalsobesomethingthatcanserveasa16abodeofpurchasingpowerinwhichthesellerholdstheproceedsintheinterim17thefirstsaleandthe18purchaseorfromwhichthebuyercan19thegeneralpurchasingpowerwithwhichtopay20whatisbought.Thisisthe"asset"functionofmoney. 14
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