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Adult Education 1 Voluntary learning in organized courses by mature men and women is called adult e...
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AdultEducation??1.Voluntarylearninginorganizedcour
AdultEducation??1.Voluntarylearninginorganizedcour
阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最
AdultEducation??1.Voluntarylearninginorganizedcour
AdultEducation??1.Voluntarylearninginorganizedcour
AdultEducation??1.Voluntarylearninginorganizedcour
AdultEducation??1.Voluntarylearninginorganizedcour
AdultEducation??1.Voluntarylearninginorganizedcour
阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最
阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最
阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最
AdultEducationVoluntarylearninginorganizedcoursesb
AdultEducation??1.Voluntarylearninginorganizedcour
AdultEducation1Voluntarylearninginorganizedcourses
Voluntarylearninginorganizedcoursesbymaturemenandw
the education for adults to enlarge their experience.
the education for adults who want to get new skills.
voluntary learning in organized courses by grown - ups.
voluntary learning by adult individuals.
AdultEducation??1.Voluntarylearninginorganizedcour
AdultEducation??1.Voluntarylearninginorganizedcour
AdultEducation1Voluntarylearninginorganizedcourses
AdultEducation1Voluntarylearninginorganizedcourses
AdultEducation??1.Voluntarylearninginorganizedcour
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EmotionsEmotionisafeelingaboutorreactiontocertainimportanteventsorthoughts.Peopleenjoyfeelingsuchpleasantemotionsaslovehappinessandcontentment.Theyoftentrytoavoidfeelingunpleasantemotionssuchaslonelinessworryandgrief.Individualscommunicatemostoftheiremotionsbymeansofwordsavarietyofsoundsfacialexpressionsandgestures.Forexampleangercausesmanypeopletofrownmakeafistandyell.Peoplelearnwaysofshowingsomeoftheiremotionsfrommembersoftheirsocietythoughheredity遗传maydeterminesomeemotionalbehavior.Researchhasshownthatdifferentisolatedpeoplesshowemotionsbymeansofsimilarfacialexpressions.CharlesDarwinfamousforthetheoryofnaturalselectionalsostudiedemotion.Darwinsaidin1872thatemotionalbehaviororiginallyservedbothasanaidtosurvivalandasamethodofcommunicatingintentions.AccordingtotheJames-Langetheoryofemotionsdevelopedinthe1880speoplefeelemotionsonlyifawareoftheirowninternalphysicalreactionstoeventssuchasincreasedheartrateorbloodpressure.Butthistheorywasnotupheldbyresearchoncatsthathadtheirnervoussystemsdamaged.Thecatscouldnotfeeltheirbody’sinternalchangesbuttheyshowednormalemotionalbehavior.JohnB.WatsonanAmericanpsychologistwhohelpedfoundtheschoolofpsychologycalledbehaviorismobservedthatbabiesstimulatedbycertaineventsshowedthreebasicemotions--fearangerandlove.Watson’sviewhasbeenchallengedfrequentlysinceheproposeditin1919.Themostwidelyacceptedviewisthatemotionsoccurasacomplexsequenceofevents.Thesequencebeginswhenapersonencountersanimportanteventorthought.Theperson’sinterpretationoftheencounterdeterminesthefeelingthatislikelytofollow.Forexamplesomeonewhoencountersabearinthewoodswouldprobablyinterprettheeventasdangerous.Thesenseofdangerwouldcausetheindividualtofeelfear.Eachfeelingisfollowedbyphysicalchangesanddesirestotakeactionwhichareresponsestotheeventthatstartedthesequence.Thusapersonwhometabearwouldprobablyrunaway.SeveralAmericanpsychologistsindependentlydevelopedthetheorythatthereareeightbasicemotions.Theseemotions--whichcanexistatvariouslevelsofintensity--areangerfearjoysadnessacceptancedisgustssurpriseandinterestorcuriosity.Theycombinetoformallotheremotionsjustascertainbasiccolorsproduceallothers.Inthesequenceofeventsforemotionstooccurwhichisnexttotheencounterofanimportantevent
WillHillaryBetheNextAmericanPresidentBackin1969USPresidentRichardNixonconfidentlypredictedInthenext50yearsweshallseeawomanpresidentperhapssoonerthanyouthink.TodaynottoofaroffNixon’sdeadlineAmericaislookingatthatpossibility.OvertheweekendHillaryRodhamClintonwifeofformerpresidentBillClintonannouncedherrunfor2008presidency.U.S.pollsindicatethatAmericansfeelcomfortablewithafemalepresident.ANewYorkTimessurveyfoundnearlyallAmericanssayingtheywouldvoteforpresidentifshewerequalified.Howeveracceptingthetheoreticalnotionofafemaleleaderisquitedifferentfromvotinganactualwoman.Infactthereisstillwidespreaddistrustofawomaninthetopposition.Thisispartlyduetothebiasedthinkingthatwomenareweakonnationalsecuritythoughtheymightbestrongoneducationandhealthcare.Thisdamagestheirprospectsasapresidentialcontender.There’sstillaninherentnervousnessonthepartofvotersputtingawomaninastheultimatedecision-maker.Controlofthearmyandbordersecurityaresortsoftraditionallymalejobs.commentedAmyWalteranAmericancampaignanalyst.That’swhereIthinkvotersconsciouslyorunconsciouslyhavedifficultieswithwomencandidates.WomenhaveheldthetopjobinothermajorWesterncountries.In1979BritainelectedMargaretThatcherprimeminister.LastyearGermanymadeAngelaMerkelitsfirstfemalechancellor.IntheU.S.nowomanhassucceededinbeingnominatedasapresidentialcandidate.Onewomandidmaketheattempt:ElizabethDole.In1999shetriedtogettheRepublicanPartynomination.ButDolecouldonlyraise$5millionforherbid-comparedwiththe$56millionGeorgeW.Bushraised.SoBarrierslieaheadforHillaryifshewantstomakehistorybybecomingthefirstfemaleU.S.president.WiththeIraqiwarunderwayshe’llfinditevenharder.Idon’tfeelthatoursocietyisreadyforawomanpresident.Theenemywefacedoesnotrespectfemalesthesamewaywehavecometoseethemasequals.IfwewerenotinthiswarIwouldsupportawomanpresidentsaidChrisDildyacomputerengineeringstudent.Hillaryhasalreadyraisedalargeanountofcampaignfund.
IntheUnitedStatesolderpeoplerarelylivewiththeiradultchildren.Butinmanyothercultureschildrenareexpectedtocare51theiragedparents.InsomepartsofItalythepercentageofadultchildrenwho52withtheirparentsreach65to70percent.InThailandtoochildrenareexpectedtocarefortheirelderlyparents;fewThaielderlylive53.Whatexplainsthesedifferencesinlivingarrangements54culturesModernizationtheory55theextendedfamilyhouseholdtolowlevelsofeconomicdevelopment.Intraditionalsocietiestheelderlylivewiththeirchildreninlargeextendedfamilyunitsforeconomicreasons.Butwithmodernizationchildrenmovetourbanareasleavingoldpeoplebehindin56ruralareas.YetmodernizationtheorycannotexplainwhyextendedfamilyhouseholdswerenevercommonintheUnitedStatesorEnglandorwhyfamiliesinItalywhichisfullymodemized57astrongtraditionofintergenerationalliving.Clearlyeconomicdevelopmentalonecannotexplain58livingarrangements.Anothertheoryassociatedintergenerationallivingarrangementswithinheritancepatterns.Insomeculturesthestemfamilypattemofinheritancepredominates.59thissystemparentslivewithamarriedchildusuallytheoldestsonwhothen60theirpropertywhentheydie.ThestemfamilysystemwasoncecommoninJapanbutchangesininheritancelawsaswellasbroadersocialchangesbrought61byindustrializationandurbanizationhave62thetradition.In1960about80percentofJapaneseover65livedwiththeirchildren;by1990only60percentdid-afigurethatisstillhigh63U.S.standardsbutwhichhasbeen64steadily.InKoreatootraditionallivingarrangementsare65:thepercentageofagedKoreanswholivewithasondeclinedfrom77percentin1984to50percentjust10yearslater.AlthoughmostelderlyKoreansstillexpecttolivewithasontheiradultchildrendonotexpecttolivewiththeirchildrenwhentheygrowold.
A.tofindjobsB.todolow-skilllobsC.tofeeditspeopleD.tohandledisputesE.tomakeaprofitF.toworryabouttheBritisheconomyEverycountryhasitsownway______.
IntheUnitedStatesolderpeoplerarelylivewiththeiradultchildren.Butinmanyothercultureschildrenareexpectedtocare51theiragedparents.InsomepartsofItalythepercentageofadultchildrenwho52withtheirparentsreach65to70percent.InThailandtoochildrenareexpectedtocarefortheirelderlyparents;fewThaielderlylive53.Whatexplainsthesedifferencesinlivingarrangements54culturesModernizationtheory55theextendedfamilyhouseholdtolowlevelsofeconomicdevelopment.Intraditionalsocietiestheelderlylivewiththeirchildreninlargeextendedfamilyunitsforeconomicreasons.Butwithmodernizationchildrenmovetourbanareasleavingoldpeoplebehindin56ruralareas.YetmodernizationtheorycannotexplainwhyextendedfamilyhouseholdswerenevercommonintheUnitedStatesorEnglandorwhyfamiliesinItalywhichisfullymodemized57astrongtraditionofintergenerationalliving.Clearlyeconomicdevelopmentalonecannotexplain58livingarrangements.Anothertheoryassociatedintergenerationallivingarrangementswithinheritancepatterns.Insomeculturesthestemfamilypattemofinheritancepredominates.59thissystemparentslivewithamarriedchildusuallytheoldestsonwhothen60theirpropertywhentheydie.ThestemfamilysystemwasoncecommoninJapanbutchangesininheritancelawsaswellasbroadersocialchangesbrought61byindustrializationandurbanizationhave62thetradition.In1960about80percentofJapaneseover65livedwiththeirchildren;by1990only60percentdid-afigurethatisstillhigh63U.S.standardsbutwhichhasbeen64steadily.InKoreatootraditionallivingarrangementsare65:thepercentageofagedKoreanswholivewithasondeclinedfrom77percentin1984to50percentjust10yearslater.AlthoughmostelderlyKoreansstillexpecttolivewithasontheiradultchildrendonotexpecttolivewiththeirchildrenwhentheygrowold.
IntheUnitedStatesolderpeoplerarelylivewiththeiradultchildren.Butinmanyothercultureschildrenareexpectedtocare51theiragedparents.InsomepartsofItalythepercentageofadultchildrenwho52withtheirparentsreach65to70percent.InThailandtoochildrenareexpectedtocarefortheirelderlyparents;fewThaielderlylive53.Whatexplainsthesedifferencesinlivingarrangements54culturesModernizationtheory55theextendedfamilyhouseholdtolowlevelsofeconomicdevelopment.Intraditionalsocietiestheelderlylivewiththeirchildreninlargeextendedfamilyunitsforeconomicreasons.Butwithmodernizationchildrenmovetourbanareasleavingoldpeoplebehindin56ruralareas.YetmodernizationtheorycannotexplainwhyextendedfamilyhouseholdswerenevercommonintheUnitedStatesorEnglandorwhyfamiliesinItalywhichisfullymodemized57astrongtraditionofintergenerationalliving.Clearlyeconomicdevelopmentalonecannotexplain58livingarrangements.Anothertheoryassociatedintergenerationallivingarrangementswithinheritancepatterns.Insomeculturesthestemfamilypattemofinheritancepredominates.59thissystemparentslivewithamarriedchildusuallytheoldestsonwhothen60theirpropertywhentheydie.ThestemfamilysystemwasoncecommoninJapanbutchangesininheritancelawsaswellasbroadersocialchangesbrought61byindustrializationandurbanizationhave62thetradition.In1960about80percentofJapaneseover65livedwiththeirchildren;by1990only60percentdid-afigurethatisstillhigh63U.S.standardsbutwhichhasbeen64steadily.InKoreatootraditionallivingarrangementsare65:thepercentageofagedKoreanswholivewithasondeclinedfrom77percentin1984to50percentjust10yearslater.AlthoughmostelderlyKoreansstillexpecttolivewithasontheiradultchildrendonotexpecttolivewiththeirchildrenwhentheygrowold.
Beforeyoucarryoutasurveyyoushouldhaveacarefulplanning.
EmotionsEmotionisafeelingaboutorreactiontocertainimportanteventsorthoughts.Peopleenjoyfeelingsuchpleasantemotionsaslovehappinessandcontentment.Theyoftentrytoavoidfeelingunpleasantemotionssuchaslonelinessworryandgrief.Individualscommunicatemostoftheiremotionsbymeansofwordsavarietyofsoundsfacialexpressionsandgestures.Forexampleangercausesmanypeopletofrownmakeafistandyell.Peoplelearnwaysofshowingsomeoftheiremotionsfrommembersoftheirsocietythoughheredity遗传maydeterminesomeemotionalbehavior.Researchhasshownthatdifferentisolatedpeoplesshowemotionsbymeansofsimilarfacialexpressions.CharlesDarwinfamousforthetheoryofnaturalselectionalsostudiedemotion.Darwinsaidin1872thatemotionalbehaviororiginallyservedbothasanaidtosurvivalandasamethodofcommunicatingintentions.AccordingtotheJames-Langetheoryofemotionsdevelopedinthe1880speoplefeelemotionsonlyifawareoftheirowninternalphysicalreactionstoeventssuchasincreasedheartrateorbloodpressure.Butthistheorywasnotupheldbyresearchoncatsthathadtheirnervoussystemsdamaged.Thecatscouldnotfeeltheirbody’sinternalchangesbuttheyshowednormalemotionalbehavior.JohnB.WatsonanAmericanpsychologistwhohelpedfoundtheschoolofpsychologycalledbehaviorismobservedthatbabiesstimulatedbycertaineventsshowedthreebasicemotions--fearangerandlove.Watson’sviewhasbeenchallengedfrequentlysinceheproposeditin1919.Themostwidelyacceptedviewisthatemotionsoccurasacomplexsequenceofevents.Thesequencebeginswhenapersonencountersanimportanteventorthought.Theperson’sinterpretationoftheencounterdeterminesthefeelingthatislikelytofollow.Forexamplesomeonewhoencountersabearinthewoodswouldprobablyinterprettheeventasdangerous.Thesenseofdangerwouldcausetheindividualtofeelfear.Eachfeelingisfollowedbyphysicalchangesanddesirestotakeactionwhichareresponsestotheeventthatstartedthesequence.Thusapersonwhometabearwouldprobablyrunaway.SeveralAmericanpsychologistsindependentlydevelopedthetheorythatthereareeightbasicemotions.Theseemotions--whichcanexistatvariouslevelsofintensity--areangerfearjoysadnessacceptancedisgustssurpriseandinterestorcuriosity.Theycombinetoformallotheremotionsjustascertainbasiccolorsproduceallothers.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthatthosewhoarebornblind______.
AmericansGetTouchyTheNewYorkTimesrecentlyreportedthatAmericanteensarehuggingpracticallyeveryonetheysee.Saygoodbyetothegreetingsofthepastfromthehands-offWhat’sup!tothehandshakeorhigh-five.ForyoungpeopleacrossthecountrybuggingisthenewHello.Girlsarehugginggirls.Boysarehuggingboys.Girlsandboysarehuggingeachother.Andlikeeverymajortrendtherearelotsofvariationsontheform.There’retheclassicfull-bodyarms-around-the-personbearhugthecasualone-armedsidehugthegrouphugandthehugfrombehind.There’rethehandshakethatturnsintoahugandthehugthatturnsintoapatontheback.Astrendsgothisoneseemsprettyinnocent.Butsomeparentsteachersandschooladministratorsareworriednonetheless.Willyoungpeoplewhoaren’tascomfortablewithphysicalcontactfeelpeerpressuredintohuggingWillkidswhodon’treceivehugsfeelleftoutCoulddon’tanextra-longhugslideintothemoreominousterritoryofsexualharassmentInresponsetosomeoftheseconcernssomeschoolshavesetupnewrulestolimitoreliminatehugging.Oneschoolheadhascreatedathree-secondlimitationforhugsatherschool.Afewschoolshavetakenevenmoredrasticmeasuresplacingabanonallformsoftouchingbetweenstudents.Afewimportantpointsarebeingleftoutofthediscussion.WhiletheU.S.hastraditionallybeenreservedabouttouching--savinghugsandkissesforrelativesromanticpartnersandveryclosefriends--peopleinmanyotherpartsoftheworldhavebeengreetingeachotherthiswayforages.InLatinAmericaorWesternEuropeincountrieslikeSpainFranceandItalyakissonthecheekiscommonamongwomenaswellasamongwomenandmenwhoarenotromanticallyinvolved.Thecheek-kissvariesbyregion.Sometimesitisjustanairkissblownpasttheface.Inotherplacestheproperwayofgreetingistodeliverakissuponbothcheeksorsometimesevenatripletofkissesperformedbykissingonecheekthentheotherthenbacktothefirst.LatinAmericanmenaremorelikelytoshakehandswhengreetingothermenbutinsomecountrieslikeTurkeyitsnotunusualformenwhoknoweachotherwelltoexchangekissesonthecheek.MeanwhilefortheMaoripeopleofNewZealandatraditionalgreetingcalledthehongiinvolvespressingnosestogether.SofromaglobalperspectivethenewtrendofteenhugginginAmericaisnotsonewafterall.PeopleallaroundtheworldmoveinclosetosayhelloandAmericansarejustnowjoiningin.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage
A.tofindjobsB.todolow-skilllobsC.tofeeditspeopleD.tohandledisputesE.tomakeaprofitF.toworryabouttheBritisheconomyThecreativeindustriesfinditdifficult______.
IntheUnitedStatesolderpeoplerarelylivewiththeiradultchildren.Butinmanyothercultureschildrenareexpectedtocare51theiragedparents.InsomepartsofItalythepercentageofadultchildrenwho52withtheirparentsreach65to70percent.InThailandtoochildrenareexpectedtocarefortheirelderlyparents;fewThaielderlylive53.Whatexplainsthesedifferencesinlivingarrangements54culturesModernizationtheory55theextendedfamilyhouseholdtolowlevelsofeconomicdevelopment.Intraditionalsocietiestheelderlylivewiththeirchildreninlargeextendedfamilyunitsforeconomicreasons.Butwithmodernizationchildrenmovetourbanareasleavingoldpeoplebehindin56ruralareas.YetmodernizationtheorycannotexplainwhyextendedfamilyhouseholdswerenevercommonintheUnitedStatesorEnglandorwhyfamiliesinItalywhichisfullymodemized57astrongtraditionofintergenerationalliving.Clearlyeconomicdevelopmentalonecannotexplain58livingarrangements.Anothertheoryassociatedintergenerationallivingarrangementswithinheritancepatterns.Insomeculturesthestemfamilypattemofinheritancepredominates.59thissystemparentslivewithamarriedchildusuallytheoldestsonwhothen60theirpropertywhentheydie.ThestemfamilysystemwasoncecommoninJapanbutchangesininheritancelawsaswellasbroadersocialchangesbrought61byindustrializationandurbanizationhave62thetradition.In1960about80percentofJapaneseover65livedwiththeirchildren;by1990only60percentdid-afigurethatisstillhigh63U.S.standardsbutwhichhasbeen64steadily.InKoreatootraditionallivingarrangementsare65:thepercentageofagedKoreanswholivewithasondeclinedfrom77percentin1984to50percentjust10yearslater.AlthoughmostelderlyKoreansstillexpecttolivewithasontheiradultchildrendonotexpecttolivewiththeirchildrenwhentheygrowold.
ImmigrationandProblemsHundredsofthousandsofpeoplesupportingimmigrationfightsintheU.S.filledstreetsalloverAmericainearly2006.ManyheldsignsandAmericanflagsandaskedtobetreatedascitizensnotcriminals.ManyofthesesupportedlegislationfromSenatorJohnMcCainthatwouldopenapathtocitizenshiptoimmigrantswhowerealreadyinthecountryillegally.Proposedlegislationfromotherpoliticianscalledforstrictermeasuresincludingroundingupundocumentedimmigrantsandsendingthembacktotheirhomecountries.Canadianofficialssaythatimmigrationapplicationscontinuetorise.Somewanttokeepthedoorsopen.Theyneedthelabor.About400000immigrantswereallowedintothecountryin2005accordingtotheCanadianGovernmentstatistics.Howeverallthisgrowthmeansthatcitiesneedtoadapt.Newcomersdon’talwaysmakeasmoothtransitionintojobsforwhichtheyareskilled.Soindustriesareusingmentoringprogramstohelpnewimmigrantsfindproperjobs.WiththelargenumbersofundocumentedAfricanimmigrantsarrivingintheCanaryIslandsandshowingnosignofabatingtheSpanishGovernmenthasdecidedtogettough.TherewillbenomoremassamnestiesforillegalsandanyonecomingtoSpainwithoutpermissionwillbesentbackthegovernmenthasannounced.About23000migrantslandedontheislandsin2006andriotshaveeruptedinsomecrowdedreceptioncenters.ThishaspromotedlocalauthoritiestoappealtotheUnitedNationsforhelp.France’snewimmigrationandintegrationlawgivesthegovernmentnewpowerstoencouragehigh-skilledmigration.Ittakeseffectin2007.ThenewlawauthorizesthegovernmenttoidentifyparticularprofessionswhereFrancehasatalentshortage.Thenthegovernmentwillhelptheseidentifiedemployersfindimmigrantworkerswithneededskillsorqualifications.Theselectedforeignemployeeswillbegrantedskillsandtalentsvisasvalidforthreeyears.Butsomeconcernthatit’llcausebraindrainindevelopingcountries.WhathastheSpanishGovernmentdecidedtodo
WillHillaryBetheNextAmericanPresidentBackin1969USPresidentRichardNixonconfidentlypredictedInthenext50yearsweshallseeawomanpresidentperhapssoonerthanyouthink.TodaynottoofaroffNixon’sdeadlineAmericaislookingatthatpossibility.OvertheweekendHillaryRodhamClintonwifeofformerpresidentBillClintonannouncedherrunfor2008presidency.U.S.pollsindicatethatAmericansfeelcomfortablewithafemalepresident.ANewYorkTimessurveyfoundnearlyallAmericanssayingtheywouldvoteforpresidentifshewerequalified.Howeveracceptingthetheoreticalnotionofafemaleleaderisquitedifferentfromvotinganactualwoman.Infactthereisstillwidespreaddistrustofawomaninthetopposition.Thisispartlyduetothebiasedthinkingthatwomenareweakonnationalsecuritythoughtheymightbestrongoneducationandhealthcare.Thisdamagestheirprospectsasapresidentialcontender.There’sstillaninherentnervousnessonthepartofvotersputtingawomaninastheultimatedecision-maker.Controlofthearmyandbordersecurityaresortsoftraditionallymalejobs.commentedAmyWalteranAmericancampaignanalyst.That’swhereIthinkvotersconsciouslyorunconsciouslyhavedifficultieswithwomencandidates.WomenhaveheldthetopjobinothermajorWesterncountries.In1979BritainelectedMargaretThatcherprimeminister.LastyearGermanymadeAngelaMerkelitsfirstfemalechancellor.IntheU.S.nowomanhassucceededinbeingnominatedasapresidentialcandidate.Onewomandidmaketheattempt:ElizabethDole.In1999shetriedtogettheRepublicanPartynomination.ButDolecouldonlyraise$5millionforherbid-comparedwiththe$56millionGeorgeW.Bushraised.SoBarrierslieaheadforHillaryifshewantstomakehistorybybecomingthefirstfemaleU.S.president.WiththeIraqiwarunderwayshe’llfinditevenharder.Idon’tfeelthatoursocietyisreadyforawomanpresident.Theenemywefacedoesnotrespectfemalesthesamewaywehavecometoseethemasequals.IfwewerenotinthiswarIwouldsupportawomanpresidentsaidChrisDildyacomputerengineeringstudent.OneofHillary’scampaignpromisesistoreformthenation’shealthcaresystem.
ImmigrationandProblemsHundredsofthousandsofpeoplesupportingimmigrationfightsintheU.S.filledstreetsalloverAmericainearly2006.ManyheldsignsandAmericanflagsandaskedtobetreatedascitizensnotcriminals.ManyofthesesupportedlegislationfromSenatorJohnMcCainthatwouldopenapathtocitizenshiptoimmigrantswhowerealreadyinthecountryillegally.Proposedlegislationfromotherpoliticianscalledforstrictermeasuresincludingroundingupundocumentedimmigrantsandsendingthembacktotheirhomecountries.Canadianofficialssaythatimmigrationapplicationscontinuetorise.Somewanttokeepthedoorsopen.Theyneedthelabor.About400000immigrantswereallowedintothecountryin2005accordingtotheCanadianGovernmentstatistics.Howeverallthisgrowthmeansthatcitiesneedtoadapt.Newcomersdon’talwaysmakeasmoothtransitionintojobsforwhichtheyareskilled.Soindustriesareusingmentoringprogramstohelpnewimmigrantsfindproperjobs.WiththelargenumbersofundocumentedAfricanimmigrantsarrivingintheCanaryIslandsandshowingnosignofabatingtheSpanishGovernmenthasdecidedtogettough.TherewillbenomoremassamnestiesforillegalsandanyonecomingtoSpainwithoutpermissionwillbesentbackthegovernmenthasannounced.About23000migrantslandedontheislandsin2006andriotshaveeruptedinsomecrowdedreceptioncenters.ThishaspromotedlocalauthoritiestoappealtotheUnitedNationsforhelp.France’snewimmigrationandintegrationlawgivesthegovernmentnewpowerstoencouragehigh-skilledmigration.Ittakeseffectin2007.ThenewlawauthorizesthegovernmenttoidentifyparticularprofessionswhereFrancehasatalentshortage.Thenthegovernmentwillhelptheseidentifiedemployersfindimmigrantworkerswithneededskillsorqualifications.Theselectedforeignemployeeswillbegrantedskillsandtalentsvisasvalidforthreeyears.Butsomeconcernthatit’llcausebraindrainindevelopingcountries.ManyimmigrantsswarmedintostreetsintheU.S.inearly2006demandingthattheyshouldbetreatedas______.
Hetriedtoavoidthebarriertohiscarryingouttheplan.
AmericansGetTouchyTheNewYorkTimesrecentlyreportedthatAmericanteensarehuggingpracticallyeveryonetheysee.Saygoodbyetothegreetingsofthepastfromthehands-offWhat’sup!tothehandshakeorhigh-five.ForyoungpeopleacrossthecountrybuggingisthenewHello.Girlsarehugginggirls.Boysarehuggingboys.Girlsandboysarehuggingeachother.Andlikeeverymajortrendtherearelotsofvariationsontheform.There’retheclassicfull-bodyarms-around-the-personbearhugthecasualone-armedsidehugthegrouphugandthehugfrombehind.There’rethehandshakethatturnsintoahugandthehugthatturnsintoapatontheback.Astrendsgothisoneseemsprettyinnocent.Butsomeparentsteachersandschooladministratorsareworriednonetheless.Willyoungpeoplewhoaren’tascomfortablewithphysicalcontactfeelpeerpressuredintohuggingWillkidswhodon’treceivehugsfeelleftoutCoulddon’tanextra-longhugslideintothemoreominousterritoryofsexualharassmentInresponsetosomeoftheseconcernssomeschoolshavesetupnewrulestolimitoreliminatehugging.Oneschoolheadhascreatedathree-secondlimitationforhugsatherschool.Afewschoolshavetakenevenmoredrasticmeasuresplacingabanonallformsoftouchingbetweenstudents.Afewimportantpointsarebeingleftoutofthediscussion.WhiletheU.S.hastraditionallybeenreservedabouttouching--savinghugsandkissesforrelativesromanticpartnersandveryclosefriends--peopleinmanyotherpartsoftheworldhavebeengreetingeachotherthiswayforages.InLatinAmericaorWesternEuropeincountrieslikeSpainFranceandItalyakissonthecheekiscommonamongwomenaswellasamongwomenandmenwhoarenotromanticallyinvolved.Thecheek-kissvariesbyregion.Sometimesitisjustanairkissblownpasttheface.Inotherplacestheproperwayofgreetingistodeliverakissuponbothcheeksorsometimesevenatripletofkissesperformedbykissingonecheekthentheotherthenbacktothefirst.LatinAmericanmenaremorelikelytoshakehandswhengreetingothermenbutinsomecountrieslikeTurkeyitsnotunusualformenwhoknoweachotherwelltoexchangekissesonthecheek.MeanwhilefortheMaoripeopleofNewZealandatraditionalgreetingcalledthehongiinvolvespressingnosestogether.SofromaglobalperspectivethenewtrendofteenhugginginAmericaisnotsonewafterall.PeopleallaroundtheworldmoveinclosetosayhelloandAmericansarejustnowjoiningin.WhichofthefollowingisNOTamongthetypicalwaysofgreetingsinthepast
EinsteinNamedPersonoftheCenturyAlbertEinsteinwhosetheoriesonspacetimeandmatterhelpedunravel解决thesecretsoftheatomandoftheuniversewaschosenasPersonoftheCenturybyTimemagazineonSunday.Amanwhoseverynameissynonymous同义的withscientificgeniusEinsteinhascometorepresentmorethananyotherpersonthefloweringof20thcenturyscientificthoughthatsetthestagefortheageoftechnology.Theworldhaschangedfarmoreinthepast100yearsthaninanyothercenturyinhistory.Thereasonisnotpoliticaloreconomicbuttechnological--technologiesthatfloweddirectlyfromadvancesinbasicsciencewrotetheoreticalphysicistStephenHawkinginaTimeessayexplainingEinstein’ssignificance.46Timechoseasrunner-upPresidentFranklinRoosevelttorepresentthetriumphoffreedomanddemocracyoverfascismandMahatmaGandhiasanicon象征foracenturywhencivilandhumanrightsbecamecrucialfactorsinglobalpolitics.WhatwesawwasFranklinRooseveltembodyingthegreatthemeoffreedom’sfightagainsttotalitarianismGandhipersonifying象征体现thegreatthemeofindividualsstrugglingfortheirrightsandEinsteinbeingbothagreatgeniusandagreatsymbolofascientificrevolutionthatbroughtwithitamazingtechnologicaladvancesthathelpedexpandthegrowthoffreedomsaidTimeMagazineEditorWalterIsaacson.EinsteinwasborninUlmGermanyin187947Hewasslowtolearntospeakanddidnotdowellinelementaryschool.Hecouldnotstomachorganizedlearningandloathedtakingexams.In1905howeverhewastopublishatheorywhichstandsasoneofthemostintricateexamplesofhumanimaginationinhistory48Everythingelsemassweightspaceeventimeitself—isavariable变量.Andheofferedtheworldhisnow-famousequation公式:energyequalsmasstimesthespeedoflightsquared—E=mc2.49Therewaslessfaithinabsolutesnotonlyoftimeandspacebutalsooftruthandmorality.Einstein’sfamousequationwasalsotheseedthatledtothedevelopmentofatomicenergyandweapons.In1939sixyearsafterhefledEuropeanfascismandsettledatPrincetonUniversityEinsteinanavowedpacifistsignedalettertoPresidentRoosevelturgingtheUnitedStatestodevelopanatomicbombbeforeNaziGermanydid50Einsteindidnotworkontheproject.EinsteindiedinPrincetonNewJerseyin1955.A.IndirectlyrelativitypavedthewayforanewrelativisminmoralityartandpoliticsIsaacsonwroteinanessayexplainingTime’schoices.B.Howhethoughtoftherelativitytheoryinfluencedthegeneralpublic’sviewaboutAlbertEinstein.C.ClearlynoscientistbetterrepresentsthoseadvancesthanAlbertEinstein.D.RooseveltheededtheadviceandformedtheManhattanProjectthatsecretlydevelopedthefirstatomicweapon.E.InhisearlyyearsEinsteindidnotshowthepromiseofwhathewastobecome.F.InhisSpecialTheoryofRelativityEinsteindescribedhowtheonlyconstantintheuniverseisthespeedoflight.
A.GrowthofEconomyB.ServantEconomyC.StrengthoftheCreativeEconomyD.WeaknessoftheCreativeEconomyE.GiftoftalkingF.ExportofTalkingMachinesParagraph4______
WillHillaryBetheNextAmericanPresidentBackin1969USPresidentRichardNixonconfidentlypredictedInthenext50yearsweshallseeawomanpresidentperhapssoonerthanyouthink.TodaynottoofaroffNixon’sdeadlineAmericaislookingatthatpossibility.OvertheweekendHillaryRodhamClintonwifeofformerpresidentBillClintonannouncedherrunfor2008presidency.U.S.pollsindicatethatAmericansfeelcomfortablewithafemalepresident.ANewYorkTimessurveyfoundnearlyallAmericanssayingtheywouldvoteforpresidentifshewerequalified.Howeveracceptingthetheoreticalnotionofafemaleleaderisquitedifferentfromvotinganactualwoman.Infactthereisstillwidespreaddistrustofawomaninthetopposition.Thisispartlyduetothebiasedthinkingthatwomenareweakonnationalsecuritythoughtheymightbestrongoneducationandhealthcare.Thisdamagestheirprospectsasapresidentialcontender.There’sstillaninherentnervousnessonthepartofvotersputtingawomaninastheultimatedecision-maker.Controlofthearmyandbordersecurityaresortsoftraditionallymalejobs.commentedAmyWalteranAmericancampaignanalyst.That’swhereIthinkvotersconsciouslyorunconsciouslyhavedifficultieswithwomencandidates.WomenhaveheldthetopjobinothermajorWesterncountries.In1979BritainelectedMargaretThatcherprimeminister.LastyearGermanymadeAngelaMerkelitsfirstfemalechancellor.IntheU.S.nowomanhassucceededinbeingnominatedasapresidentialcandidate.Onewomandidmaketheattempt:ElizabethDole.In1999shetriedtogettheRepublicanPartynomination.ButDolecouldonlyraise$5millionforherbid-comparedwiththe$56millionGeorgeW.Bushraised.SoBarrierslieaheadforHillaryifshewantstomakehistorybybecomingthefirstfemaleU.S.president.WiththeIraqiwarunderwayshe’llfinditevenharder.Idon’tfeelthatoursocietyisreadyforawomanpresident.Theenemywefacedoesnotrespectfemalesthesamewaywehavecometoseethemasequals.IfwewerenotinthiswarIwouldsupportawomanpresidentsaidChrisDildyacomputerengineeringstudent.BillClintonwillstronglysupportHillarytorunforthe2008presidency.
Heexpressedconcernthattheshipmightbeindanger.
Hismotiveforworkingsohardisthatheneedsmoney.
Whentheheataccumulatesintheroomitwillbecomesohot.
TheIdealHusbandSciencenowmightbeabletoexplainwomen’sfascinationwithBradPitt’sfaceandGeorgeClooney’seyes.Womenseemto51potentialmatebyhowmasculine男性的theirfeaturesarenewresearchshows.Menwithsquarejawsandwell-definedbrowridgesareseenasgoodshort-termpartners52thosewithmorefeminine女性的traitssuchasarounderfaceandfullerlipsareperceivedasbetterlong-termmates.IntbestudybyDanielKrugerattheU.S.’sUniversityofMichigan854subjectsviewedaseriesof53headshotsthathadbeendigitallychangedtoexaggerateorminimizemasculinetraits.Theythen54questionsabouthowtheyexpectedthemeninthephotostobehave.Mostparticipantssaidthatthosewithmoremasculinefeatureswere55toberiskycompetitiveandmoreapttofightchallengebossescheatonspousesandputlesseffortintoparenting.Thosewithmorefeminine56wereseenasgoodparentsandhusbandshardworkersandemotionallysupportivemates.Butdespiteallthenegativecharacteristicswhenaskedwhotheywouldchooseforashort-termrelationshipwomenselectedthemoremasculine.57men.BradandGeorgebothchiseled轮廓清晰的jawsandwell-definedbrowsthenwouldbegoodfora58romancenotforsomethinglonger.ThestudywaspublishedintheDecemberissueoftheU.S.journalPersonalRelationships.Krugersaidthatfromanevolutionaryperspectivethis59sense.Thekeyistestosterone睾丸激素thehormoneresponsible60thedevelopmentofmasculinefacialfeaturesandothersexualcharacteristics.Ithasbeenfoundtoaffectthebody’sabilitytofightdisease:menwithhighlevelsofthehormonearetypically61andhealthytraitswomenwanttopassontotheirchildren.Howeverincreasedtestosteronehasalsobeenlinkedto62andviolenceinrelationships.Sothesemen63producehighqualityoffspringbuttheydon’talwaysmakegreatparentsorfaithfulmatesKrugersays.Thescientificcommunityhave64skepticismtowardphysiognomy观相术whichlinksfacialcharacteristicstocertainbehavioraltraits.ButKrugerarguesthattheresearchisavaluabletoolforunderstandingmatingstrategies.AndofcourseforexplainingwhyTonyLeungandTakeshiKanesshirohavemillionsoffemale65Itmighthavetodowiththeirgenes.Orsomethingtodowithours.
Thepriceofthismachineisnotreasonable.
Ifinallysubmitmyreportbeforethedeadline.
EmotionsEmotionisafeelingaboutorreactiontocertainimportanteventsorthoughts.Peopleenjoyfeelingsuchpleasantemotionsaslovehappinessandcontentment.Theyoftentrytoavoidfeelingunpleasantemotionssuchaslonelinessworryandgrief.Individualscommunicatemostoftheiremotionsbymeansofwordsavarietyofsoundsfacialexpressionsandgestures.Forexampleangercausesmanypeopletofrownmakeafistandyell.Peoplelearnwaysofshowingsomeoftheiremotionsfrommembersoftheirsocietythoughheredity遗传maydeterminesomeemotionalbehavior.Researchhasshownthatdifferentisolatedpeoplesshowemotionsbymeansofsimilarfacialexpressions.CharlesDarwinfamousforthetheoryofnaturalselectionalsostudiedemotion.Darwinsaidin1872thatemotionalbehaviororiginallyservedbothasanaidtosurvivalandasamethodofcommunicatingintentions.AccordingtotheJames-Langetheoryofemotionsdevelopedinthe1880speoplefeelemotionsonlyifawareoftheirowninternalphysicalreactionstoeventssuchasincreasedheartrateorbloodpressure.Butthistheorywasnotupheldbyresearchoncatsthathadtheirnervoussystemsdamaged.Thecatscouldnotfeeltheirbody’sinternalchangesbuttheyshowednormalemotionalbehavior.JohnB.WatsonanAmericanpsychologistwhohelpedfoundtheschoolofpsychologycalledbehaviorismobservedthatbabiesstimulatedbycertaineventsshowedthreebasicemotions--fearangerandlove.Watson’sviewhasbeenchallengedfrequentlysinceheproposeditin1919.Themostwidelyacceptedviewisthatemotionsoccurasacomplexsequenceofevents.Thesequencebeginswhenapersonencountersanimportanteventorthought.Theperson’sinterpretationoftheencounterdeterminesthefeelingthatislikelytofollow.Forexamplesomeonewhoencountersabearinthewoodswouldprobablyinterprettheeventasdangerous.Thesenseofdangerwouldcausetheindividualtofeelfear.Eachfeelingisfollowedbyphysicalchangesanddesirestotakeactionwhichareresponsestotheeventthatstartedthesequence.Thusapersonwhometabearwouldprobablyrunaway.SeveralAmericanpsychologistsindependentlydevelopedthetheorythatthereareeightbasicemotions.Theseemotions--whichcanexistatvariouslevelsofintensity--areangerfearjoysadnessacceptancedisgustssurpriseandinterestorcuriosity.Theycombinetoformallotheremotionsjustascertainbasiccolorsproduceallothers.Themainpurposeofthiswritingisto______.
Shefinallyabandonedheroriginalmethodandtookanewapproach.
EinsteinNamedPersonoftheCenturyAlbertEinsteinwhosetheoriesonspacetimeandmatterhelpedunravel解决thesecretsoftheatomandoftheuniversewaschosenasPersonoftheCenturybyTimemagazineonSunday.Amanwhoseverynameissynonymous同义的withscientificgeniusEinsteinhascometorepresentmorethananyotherpersonthefloweringof20thcenturyscientificthoughthatsetthestagefortheageoftechnology.Theworldhaschangedfarmoreinthepast100yearsthaninanyothercenturyinhistory.Thereasonisnotpoliticaloreconomicbuttechnological--technologiesthatfloweddirectlyfromadvancesinbasicsciencewrotetheoreticalphysicistStephenHawkinginaTimeessayexplainingEinstein’ssignificance.46Timechoseasrunner-upPresidentFranklinRoosevelttorepresentthetriumphoffreedomanddemocracyoverfascismandMahatmaGandhiasanicon象征foracenturywhencivilandhumanrightsbecamecrucialfactorsinglobalpolitics.WhatwesawwasFranklinRooseveltembodyingthegreatthemeoffreedom’sfightagainsttotalitarianismGandhipersonifying象征体现thegreatthemeofindividualsstrugglingfortheirrightsandEinsteinbeingbothagreatgeniusandagreatsymbolofascientificrevolutionthatbroughtwithitamazingtechnologicaladvancesthathelpedexpandthegrowthoffreedomsaidTimeMagazineEditorWalterIsaacson.EinsteinwasborninUlmGermanyin187947Hewasslowtolearntospeakanddidnotdowellinelementaryschool.Hecouldnotstomachorganizedlearningandloathedtakingexams.In1905howeverhewastopublishatheorywhichstandsasoneofthemostintricateexamplesofhumanimaginationinhistory48Everythingelsemassweightspaceeventimeitself—isavariable变量.Andheofferedtheworldhisnow-famousequation公式:energyequalsmasstimesthespeedoflightsquared—E=mc2.49Therewaslessfaithinabsolutesnotonlyoftimeandspacebutalsooftruthandmorality.Einstein’sfamousequationwasalsotheseedthatledtothedevelopmentofatomicenergyandweapons.In1939sixyearsafterhefledEuropeanfascismandsettledatPrincetonUniversityEinsteinanavowedpacifistsignedalettertoPresidentRoosevelturgingtheUnitedStatestodevelopanatomicbombbeforeNaziGermanydid50Einsteindidnotworkontheproject.EinsteindiedinPrincetonNewJerseyin1955.A.IndirectlyrelativitypavedthewayforanewrelativisminmoralityartandpoliticsIsaacsonwroteinanessayexplainingTime’schoices.B.Howhethoughtoftherelativitytheoryinfluencedthegeneralpublic’sviewaboutAlbertEinstein.C.ClearlynoscientistbetterrepresentsthoseadvancesthanAlbertEinstein.D.RooseveltheededtheadviceandformedtheManhattanProjectthatsecretlydevelopedthefirstatomicweapon.E.InhisearlyyearsEinsteindidnotshowthepromiseofwhathewastobecome.F.InhisSpecialTheoryofRelativityEinsteindescribedhowtheonlyconstantintheuniverseisthespeedoflight.
A.GrowthofEconomyB.ServantEconomyC.StrengthoftheCreativeEconomyD.WeaknessoftheCreativeEconomyE.GiftoftalkingF.ExportofTalkingMachinesParagraph2______
ImmigrationandProblemsHundredsofthousandsofpeoplesupportingimmigrationfightsintheU.S.filledstreetsalloverAmericainearly2006.ManyheldsignsandAmericanflagsandaskedtobetreatedascitizensnotcriminals.ManyofthesesupportedlegislationfromSenatorJohnMcCainthatwouldopenapathtocitizenshiptoimmigrantswhowerealreadyinthecountryillegally.Proposedlegislationfromotherpoliticianscalledforstrictermeasuresincludingroundingupundocumentedimmigrantsandsendingthembacktotheirhomecountries.Canadianofficialssaythatimmigrationapplicationscontinuetorise.Somewanttokeepthedoorsopen.Theyneedthelabor.About400000immigrantswereallowedintothecountryin2005accordingtotheCanadianGovernmentstatistics.Howeverallthisgrowthmeansthatcitiesneedtoadapt.Newcomersdon’talwaysmakeasmoothtransitionintojobsforwhichtheyareskilled.Soindustriesareusingmentoringprogramstohelpnewimmigrantsfindproperjobs.WiththelargenumbersofundocumentedAfricanimmigrantsarrivingintheCanaryIslandsandshowingnosignofabatingtheSpanishGovernmenthasdecidedtogettough.TherewillbenomoremassamnestiesforillegalsandanyonecomingtoSpainwithoutpermissionwillbesentbackthegovernmenthasannounced.About23000migrantslandedontheislandsin2006andriotshaveeruptedinsomecrowdedreceptioncenters.ThishaspromotedlocalauthoritiestoappealtotheUnitedNationsforhelp.France’snewimmigrationandintegrationlawgivesthegovernmentnewpowerstoencouragehigh-skilledmigration.Ittakeseffectin2007.ThenewlawauthorizesthegovernmenttoidentifyparticularprofessionswhereFrancehasatalentshortage.Thenthegovernmentwillhelptheseidentifiedemployersfindimmigrantworkerswithneededskillsorqualifications.Theselectedforeignemployeeswillbegrantedskillsandtalentsvisasvalidforthreeyears.Butsomeconcernthatit’llcausebraindrainindevelopingcountries.Thephrasalverbroundingupinparagraph1couldbebestreplacedby______.
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