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假设系统的所有资源是同类型的系统中的进程每次申请资源数最多1个那么下面列出的4种情况中可能发生死锁情况序号系统中进程数资源总量
TheproportionofworkscutforthecinemainBritaindroppedfrom40percentwhenIjoinedtheBBFCin1975tolessthan4percentwhenIleft.ButIdon’t’thinkthat20yearsfromnowitwillbepossibletoregulateanymediumascloselyasIregulatedfilm. TheInternetisofcoursethegreatestproblemforthiscentury.46TheworldwillhavetofindameansthroughsomesortofinternationaltreatyorUnitedNationsinitiativetocontrolthematerialthat’snowgoingtotallyunregulatedintopeople’shomes.ThatsaiditwillonlytakeonelittlecountrylikeParaguaytorefusetosignatreatyfortransmissiontobeunstoppable.Parentalcontrolisnevergoingtobesufficient. 47I’mstillveryworriedabouttheimpactofviolentvideogameseventhoughresearcherssaytheirimpactismoderatedbythefactthatplayersdon’tsomuchexperiencethegameasenjoythetechnicalmaneuversthatenableyoutowin.ButinrespectofviolenceinmainstreamfilmsI’mmoreoptimistic.Quitesuddenlytasteshavechangedandit’snolongerStalloneorSchwarzeneggerwhoarethetopstarsbutLeonardoDiCaprio--thathastakeneverybodybysurprise. 48GothroughthemostsuccessfulfilmsinEuropeandAmericanowandyouwillfindvirtuallynonethatareviolent.QuentinTarantinodidn’tusherinanewviolentgenerationandfilmsarebecomingmuchmorepre-socialthanonewouldhaveexpected. Cinemagoingwillundoubtedlysurvive.Thenewmultiplexesareagloriousexperienceofferingperfectsoundandpictureandverycomfortableseatsthingswhichhaddiedoutinthe1980s.49Ican’tbelievewe’veachievedthatonlytothrowitawayinfavourofhuddlingarounda14-inchcomputermonitortowatchdigitally-deliveredmoviesathome. Itwillbecomeincreasinglycheaptomakefilmswithcamerasbecomingsmallerandlighterbutremainingveryprecise.50Thatmeansgreaterchancesfornewtalenttoemergeasitwillbemucheasiertolearnhowtobeabetterfilm-maker.Careerswillbeshorterinthefutureandonceretiredpeoplewillspendalotoftimelearningtodothingsthatamusethem--likemakingvideos.Fiftyyearsonwecouldwellbemedia-saturatedasbothproducersandaudiences:insteadofwritinglettersonewillsendlittlehomemoviesentitledMyWeek. Thatmeansgreaterchancesfornewtalenttoemergeasitwillbemucheasiertolearnhowtobeabetterfilm-maker.
CollegesportsintheUnitedStatesareahugedeal.AlmostallmajorAmericanuniversitieshavefootballbaseballbasketballandhockeyprogramsand1millionsofdollarseachyeartosports.Mostofthemearnmillions2aswellintelevisionrevenuessponsorships.Theyalsobenefit3fromtheaddedpublicitytheygetviatheirteams.Big-nameuniversities4eachotherinthemostpopularsports.FootballgamesatMichiganregularly5crowdsofover90000.Basketball’snationalcollegiatechampionshipgameisaTV6onaparwithanyothersportingeventintheUnitedStates7perhapstheSuperBowlitself.Atanygiventimeduringfallorwinteronecan8one’sTVsetandseethetopathleticprograms--fromschoolslikeMichiganUCLADukeandStanford--9infrontofpackedhousesandnationalTVaudiences. Theathletesthemselvesare10andprovidedwithsch61arships.Collegecoachesidentify11teenagersandthengointohighschoolsto12thecountry’sbestplayerstoattendtheiruniversities.Therearestrictrulesabout13coachescanrecruit--norecruitingcallsafter9p.m.onlyoneofficialvisittoacampus--buttheyareoftenbentandsometimes14.Topcollegefootballprograms15scholarshipsto20or30playerseachyearandthosestudent-athleteswhentheyarrive16campusreceivefreehousingtuitionmealsbooksetc. Inreturntheplayers17theprogramintheirsport.Footballplayersattopcolleges18twohoursadayfourdaysaweekfromJanuarytoApril.Insummerit’sbacktostrengthandagilitytrainingfourdaysaweekuntilmid-Augustwhencamp19andpreparationfortheopeningoftheSeptember-to-Decemberseasonbegins20DuringtheseasonpracticeslasttwoorthreehoursadayfromTuesdaytoFriday.Saturdayisgameday.Mondaysareanofficiallymandateddayofrest. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.16
前序遍历和中序遍历结果相同的二叉树为
DespiteDenmark’smanifestvirtuesDanesnevertalkabouthowproudtheyaretobeDanes.ThiswouldsoundweirdinDanish.WhenDanestalktoforeignersaboutDenmarkTheyalwaysbeginbycommentingonitstininessitsunimportancethedifficultyofitslanguagethegeneralsmall-mindednessandself-indulgenceoftheircountrymenandthehightaxes.NoDanewouldlookyouintireeyeandsay"Denmarkisagreatcountry."You’resupposedtofigurethisoutforyourself. Itisthelandofthesilksafetynetwherealmosthalfthenationalbudgetgoestowardsmoothingoutlife’sinequalitiesandthereisplentyofmoneyforschoolsdaycareretrainingprogramsjobseminars.Danesloveseminars:Threedaysatastudycenterhearingaboutwastemanagementisalmostasgoodasaskitrip.ItisaculturebombardedbyEnglishinadvertisingpopmusictheInternetanddespitealltheEnglishthatDanishabsorbs--thereisnoDanishAcademytodefendagainstit--olddialectspersistinJutlandthatcanbarelybeunderstoodbyCopenhageners.Itisthelandwhereasthesayinggoes"Fewhavetoomuchandfewerhavetoolittle"andaforeignerisstruckbythesweetegalitarianismthatprevailswherethelowliestclerkgivesyoualevelgazewhereSirandMadamehavedisappearedfromcommonusageevenMr.andMrs.It’sanationofrecyclers--about55%ofDanishgarbagegetsmadeintosomethingnew--andnonuclearpowerplants.It’sanationoftirelessplanners.Trainsrunontime.Thingsoperatewellingeneral. Suchanationofoverachievers--abrochurefromtheMinistryofBusinessandIndustrysays"Denmarkisoneoftheworld’scleanestandmostorganizedcountrieswithvirtuallynopollutioncrimeorpoverty.Denmarkisthemostcorruption-freesocietyintheNorthernhemisphere."Soofcourseone’sheartliftsatanysightingofDanishsleaze:skinheadgraffitionbuildings"ForeignersoutofDenmark!"brokenbeerbottlesintheguttersdrunkenteenagersslumpedinthepark. Nonethelessitisanorderlyland.YoudrivethroughaDanishtownitcomestoanendatastonewallandontheothersideisafieldofbarleyanicecleanline:townherecountrythere.Itisnotanationofjaywalkers.Peoplestandonthecurbandwaitfortheredlighttochangeevenifit’s2a.m.andthere’snotacarinsight.HoweverDanesdon’tthinkofthemselvesasawaiting-at-2-am.-for-the-green-lightpeople--that’showtheyseeSwedesandGermans.DanesseethemselvesasjazzypeopleimprovisersmorefreespiritedthanSwedesbutthetruthisthoughoneshouldnotsayitthatDanesareverymuchlikeGermansandSwedes.Orderlinessisamainsellingpoint.Denmarkhasfewnaturalresourceslimitedmanufacturingcapability;itsfutureinEuropewillbeasabrokerbankeranddistributorofgoods.YousendyourgoodsbycontainershiptoCopenhagenandthesebrightyoungEnglish-speakingutterlyhonesthighlydisciplinedpeoplewillgetyourgoodsaroundtoScandinaviatheBalticStatesandRussia.Airportsseaportshighwaysandraillinesareultramodernandwell-maintained. Theorderlinessofthesocietydoesn’tmeanthatDanishlivesarelessmessyorlonelythanyoursormineandnoDanewouldtellyouso.Youcanhearplentyaboutbitterfamilyfeudsandthesorrowsofalcoholismandaboutperfectlysensiblepeoplewhowentoffonedayandkilledthemselves.Anorderlysocietycannotexemptitsmembersfromthehazardsoflife. ButthereisasenseofentitlementandsecuritythatDanesgrowupwith.Certainthingsareyoursbyvirtueofcitizenshipandyoushouldn’tfeelbadfortakingwhatyou’reentitledtoyou’reasgoodasanyoneelse.Therulesofthewelfaresystemarecleartoeveryonethebenefitsyougetifyouloseyourjobthestepsyoutaketogetanewone;andtheorderlinessofthesystemmakesitpossibleforthecountrytoweatherhighunemploymentandsocialunrestwithoutasenseofcrisis. AttheendofthepassagetheauthorstatesallthefollowingEXCEPTthat
下面关于图的存储结构的叙述中正确的是
Britishcancer’researchershavefoundthatchildhoodleukaemiaiscausedbyaninfectionandclustersofcasesaroundindustrialsitesaretheresultofpopulationmixingthatincreasesexposure.TheresearchpublishedintheBritishJournalofCancerbacksupa1988theorythatsomeasyetunidentifiedinfectioncausedleukaemia--nottheenvironmentalfactorswidelyblamedforthedisease. "Childhoodleukaemiaappearstobeanunusualresultofacommoninfection"saidSirRichardDollaninternationally-knowncancerexpertwhofirstlinkedtobaccowithlungcancerin1950."Avirusisthemostlikelyexplanation.YouwouldgetanincreasedriskofitifyouSuddenlyputalotofpeoplefromlargetownsinaruralareawhereyoumighthavepeoplewhohadnotbeenexposedtotheinfection."DollwascommentingonthenewfindingsbyresearchersatNewcastleUniversitywhichfocusedonaclusterofleukaemiacasesaroundtheSellafieldnuclearreprocessingplantinCumbriainnorthernEngland.ScientistshavebeentryingtoestablishwhytherewasmoreleukaemiainchildrenaroundtheSellafieldareabuthavefailedtoestablishalinkwithradiationorpollution.TheNewcastleUniversityresearchbyHeatherDickinsonandLouiseParkershowedtheclusterofcasescouldhavebeenpredictedbecauseoftheamountofpopulationmixinggoingonintheareaaslargenumbersofconstructionworkersandnuclearstaffmovedintoaruralsetting."OurstudyshowsthatpopulationmixingcanaccountfortheSellafieldleukaemiaclusterandthatallchildrenwhethertheirparentsareincomersorlocalsareatahigherriskiftheyareborninanareaofhighpopulationmixing"DickinsonsaidinastatementissuedbytheCancerResearchCampaignwhichpublishestheBritishJournalofCancer. Theirpaperaddscrucialweighttothe1988theoryputforwardbyLeoKinlenacancerepidemiologistatOxfordUniversitywhosaidthatexposuretoacommonunidentifiedinfectionthroughpopulationmixingresultedinthedisease. WhichstatementcanbesupportedbyHeatherDickinsonandLouiseParker’snewfindings
一个16端口的二层以太网交换机冲突域和广播域的个数分别是
Directions: Therehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyontheissueofjob-hopping.Writeanessaytothenewspaperto 1.showyourunderstandingofthesymbolicmeaningofthepicturebelow 1thecontentofthepicture 2themeaning/yourunderstanding 2.giveaspecificexample/commentand 3.presentyoursuggestions Youshouldneatlywrite160--200wordsonANSWERSHEET2.
在一个顺序循环队列中删除元素时首先需要
在HTTP协议中一个以2开头的响应报文表示
CollegesportsintheUnitedStatesareahugedeal.AlmostallmajorAmericanuniversitieshavefootballbaseballbasketballandhockeyprogramsand1millionsofdollarseachyeartosports.Mostofthemearnmillions2aswellintelevisionrevenuessponsorships.Theyalsobenefit3fromtheaddedpublicitytheygetviatheirteams.Big-nameuniversities4eachotherinthemostpopularsports.FootballgamesatMichiganregularly5crowdsofover90000.Basketball’snationalcollegiatechampionshipgameisaTV6onaparwithanyothersportingeventintheUnitedStates7perhapstheSuperBowlitself.Atanygiventimeduringfallorwinteronecan8one’sTVsetandseethetopathleticprograms--fromschoolslikeMichiganUCLADukeandStanford--9infrontofpackedhousesandnationalTVaudiences. Theathletesthemselvesare10andprovidedwithsch61arships.Collegecoachesidentify11teenagersandthengointohighschoolsto12thecountry’sbestplayerstoattendtheiruniversities.Therearestrictrulesabout13coachescanrecruit--norecruitingcallsafter9p.m.onlyoneofficialvisittoacampus--buttheyareoftenbentandsometimes14.Topcollegefootballprograms15scholarshipsto20or30playerseachyearandthosestudent-athleteswhentheyarrive16campusreceivefreehousingtuitionmealsbooksetc. Inreturntheplayers17theprogramintheirsport.Footballplayersattopcolleges18twohoursadayfourdaysaweekfromJanuarytoApril.Insummerit’sbacktostrengthandagilitytrainingfourdaysaweekuntilmid-Augustwhencamp19andpreparationfortheopeningoftheSeptember-to-Decemberseasonbegins20DuringtheseasonpracticeslasttwoorthreehoursadayfromTuesdaytoFriday.Saturdayisgameday.Mondaysareanofficiallymandateddayofrest. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.20
CollegesportsintheUnitedStatesareahugedeal.AlmostallmajorAmericanuniversitieshavefootballbaseballbasketballandhockeyprogramsand1millionsofdollarseachyeartosports.Mostofthemearnmillions2aswellintelevisionrevenuessponsorships.Theyalsobenefit3fromtheaddedpublicitytheygetviatheirteams.Big-nameuniversities4eachotherinthemostpopularsports.FootballgamesatMichiganregularly5crowdsofover90000.Basketball’snationalcollegiatechampionshipgameisaTV6onaparwithanyothersportingeventintheUnitedStates7perhapstheSuperBowlitself.Atanygiventimeduringfallorwinteronecan8one’sTVsetandseethetopathleticprograms--fromschoolslikeMichiganUCLADukeandStanford--9infrontofpackedhousesandnationalTVaudiences. Theathletesthemselvesare10andprovidedwithsch61arships.Collegecoachesidentify11teenagersandthengointohighschoolsto12thecountry’sbestplayerstoattendtheiruniversities.Therearestrictrulesabout13coachescanrecruit--norecruitingcallsafter9p.m.onlyoneofficialvisittoacampus--buttheyareoftenbentandsometimes14.Topcollegefootballprograms15scholarshipsto20or30playerseachyearandthosestudent-athleteswhentheyarrive16campusreceivefreehousingtuitionmealsbooksetc. Inreturntheplayers17theprogramintheirsport.Footballplayersattopcolleges18twohoursadayfourdaysaweekfromJanuarytoApril.Insummerit’sbacktostrengthandagilitytrainingfourdaysaweekuntilmid-Augustwhencamp19andpreparationfortheopeningoftheSeptember-to-Decemberseasonbegins20DuringtheseasonpracticeslasttwoorthreehoursadayfromTuesdaytoFriday.Saturdayisgameday.Mondaysareanofficiallymandateddayofrest. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.18
Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowanunwillinggeneralagreementthatwhoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowonhighunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely. Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomefundamentalquestionsaboutthefutureofwork.ShouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenormShouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselvesratherthanforanemployerShouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighbourhoodaswellasthefactoryandtheofficeascentresofproductionandwork Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople’sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanendandsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtaboutmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadiscouragingthought.Butinfactitcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemploymentasitshistoryshowshasnotmeanteconomicfreedom. Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseofthelandandthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomesLaterastransportimprovedfirstbyrailandthenbyroadpeopletravelledlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntileventuallymanypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandplacesinwhichtheylived. Meanwhileemploymentputwomenatadisadvantage.Itbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogooutpaidemploymentleavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife. Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheimpracticalgoalofcreatingjobsforalltotheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs. Thepassagesuggeststhatweshouldnowre-examineourthinkingaboutworkand
DespiteDenmark’smanifestvirtuesDanesnevertalkabouthowproudtheyaretobeDanes.ThiswouldsoundweirdinDanish.WhenDanestalktoforeignersaboutDenmarkTheyalwaysbeginbycommentingonitstininessitsunimportancethedifficultyofitslanguagethegeneralsmall-mindednessandself-indulgenceoftheircountrymenandthehightaxes.NoDanewouldlookyouintireeyeandsay"Denmarkisagreatcountry."You’resupposedtofigurethisoutforyourself. Itisthelandofthesilksafetynetwherealmosthalfthenationalbudgetgoestowardsmoothingoutlife’sinequalitiesandthereisplentyofmoneyforschoolsdaycareretrainingprogramsjobseminars.Danesloveseminars:Threedaysatastudycenterhearingaboutwastemanagementisalmostasgoodasaskitrip.ItisaculturebombardedbyEnglishinadvertisingpopmusictheInternetanddespitealltheEnglishthatDanishabsorbs--thereisnoDanishAcademytodefendagainstit--olddialectspersistinJutlandthatcanbarelybeunderstoodbyCopenhageners.Itisthelandwhereasthesayinggoes"Fewhavetoomuchandfewerhavetoolittle"andaforeignerisstruckbythesweetegalitarianismthatprevailswherethelowliestclerkgivesyoualevelgazewhereSirandMadamehavedisappearedfromcommonusageevenMr.andMrs.It’sanationofrecyclers--about55%ofDanishgarbagegetsmadeintosomethingnew--andnonuclearpowerplants.It’sanationoftirelessplanners.Trainsrunontime.Thingsoperatewellingeneral. Suchanationofoverachievers--abrochurefromtheMinistryofBusinessandIndustrysays"Denmarkisoneoftheworld’scleanestandmostorganizedcountrieswithvirtuallynopollutioncrimeorpoverty.Denmarkisthemostcorruption-freesocietyintheNorthernhemisphere."Soofcourseone’sheartliftsatanysightingofDanishsleaze:skinheadgraffitionbuildings"ForeignersoutofDenmark!"brokenbeerbottlesintheguttersdrunkenteenagersslumpedinthepark. Nonethelessitisanorderlyland.YoudrivethroughaDanishtownitcomestoanendatastonewallandontheothersideisafieldofbarleyanicecleanline:townherecountrythere.Itisnotanationofjaywalkers.Peoplestandonthecurbandwaitfortheredlighttochangeevenifit’s2a.m.andthere’snotacarinsight.HoweverDanesdon’tthinkofthemselvesasawaiting-at-2-am.-for-the-green-lightpeople--that’showtheyseeSwedesandGermans.DanesseethemselvesasjazzypeopleimprovisersmorefreespiritedthanSwedesbutthetruthisthoughoneshouldnotsayitthatDanesareverymuchlikeGermansandSwedes.Orderlinessisamainsellingpoint.Denmarkhasfewnaturalresourceslimitedmanufacturingcapability;itsfutureinEuropewillbeasabrokerbankeranddistributorofgoods.YousendyourgoodsbycontainershiptoCopenhagenandthesebrightyoungEnglish-speakingutterlyhonesthighlydisciplinedpeoplewillgetyourgoodsaroundtoScandinaviatheBalticStatesandRussia.Airportsseaportshighwaysandraillinesareultramodernandwell-maintained. Theorderlinessofthesocietydoesn’tmeanthatDanishlivesarelessmessyorlonelythanyoursormineandnoDanewouldtellyouso.Youcanhearplentyaboutbitterfamilyfeudsandthesorrowsofalcoholismandaboutperfectlysensiblepeoplewhowentoffonedayandkilledthemselves.Anorderlysocietycannotexemptitsmembersfromthehazardsoflife. ButthereisasenseofentitlementandsecuritythatDanesgrowupwith.Certainthingsareyoursbyvirtueofcitizenshipandyoushouldn’tfeelbadfortakingwhatyou’reentitledtoyou’reasgoodasanyoneelse.Therulesofthewelfaresystemarecleartoeveryonethebenefitsyougetifyouloseyourjobthestepsyoutaketogetanewone;andtheorderlinessofthesystemmakesitpossibleforthecountrytoweatherhighunemploymentandsocialunrestwithoutasenseofcrisis. Theauthor’sreactiontothestatementbytheMinistryofBusinessandIndustryis
某机器指令字长12位有零地址一地址二地址三种指令地址码长4位采用扩展操作码技术若二地址指令和一地址指令条数都取最大值则该机指令条数最多为
TheproportionofworkscutforthecinemainBritaindroppedfrom40percentwhenIjoinedtheBBFCin1975tolessthan4percentwhenIleft.ButIdon’t’thinkthat20yearsfromnowitwillbepossibletoregulateanymediumascloselyasIregulatedfilm. TheInternetisofcoursethegreatestproblemforthiscentury.46TheworldwillhavetofindameansthroughsomesortofinternationaltreatyorUnitedNationsinitiativetocontrolthematerialthat’snowgoingtotallyunregulatedintopeople’shomes.ThatsaiditwillonlytakeonelittlecountrylikeParaguaytorefusetosignatreatyfortransmissiontobeunstoppable.Parentalcontrolisnevergoingtobesufficient. 47I’mstillveryworriedabouttheimpactofviolentvideogameseventhoughresearcherssaytheirimpactismoderatedbythefactthatplayersdon’tsomuchexperiencethegameasenjoythetechnicalmaneuversthatenableyoutowin.ButinrespectofviolenceinmainstreamfilmsI’mmoreoptimistic.Quitesuddenlytasteshavechangedandit’snolongerStalloneorSchwarzeneggerwhoarethetopstarsbutLeonardoDiCaprio--thathastakeneverybodybysurprise. 48GothroughthemostsuccessfulfilmsinEuropeandAmericanowandyouwillfindvirtuallynonethatareviolent.QuentinTarantinodidn’tusherinanewviolentgenerationandfilmsarebecomingmuchmorepre-socialthanonewouldhaveexpected. Cinemagoingwillundoubtedlysurvive.Thenewmultiplexesareagloriousexperienceofferingperfectsoundandpictureandverycomfortableseatsthingswhichhaddiedoutinthe1980s.49Ican’tbelievewe’veachievedthatonlytothrowitawayinfavourofhuddlingarounda14-inchcomputermonitortowatchdigitally-deliveredmoviesathome. Itwillbecomeincreasinglycheaptomakefilmswithcamerasbecomingsmallerandlighterbutremainingveryprecise.50Thatmeansgreaterchancesfornewtalenttoemergeasitwillbemucheasiertolearnhowtobeabetterfilm-maker.Careerswillbeshorterinthefutureandonceretiredpeoplewillspendalotoftimelearningtodothingsthatamusethem--likemakingvideos.Fiftyyearsonwecouldwellbemedia-saturatedasbothproducersandaudiences:insteadofwritinglettersonewillsendlittlehomemoviesentitledMyWeek. GothroughthemostsuccessfulfilmsinEuropeandAmericanowandyouwillfindvirtuallynonethatareviolent.
为了保证操作系统本身的安全是必须加以保护的
关于临界区问题criticalsectionproblem是一个算法假设只有进程P0和P1可能进入该临界区算法如下i为0或1该算法reapeatretry:ifturn≠-1turn:=iifturn≠igotoretryturn:=-1criticalSection临界区turn=OremainderSection其他区域untialfalse
WorldHealthOrganizationWHOofficialsrecentlyurgedAsia-PacificgovernmentstoshakeoffcomplacencyandintensifythefightagainsttuberculosisTBwhichkills1000peopleadayintheregion.ShigeruOmiregionaldirectorofWHOfortheWesternPacificsaiddeathscausedbytuberculosiscontinuetoriseintheregionas’moreandmorepeopleareinfectedwiththedreadfuldiseaseeveryyear. "Everyyearanadditionaltwomilliontuberculosiscasesarediagnosedintheregion"Omisaidatanewsconferenceduringtheopeningofatwo-daymeetingofAsian’parliamentarianstodiscussstrategiestocontrolthedisease.41"WhenitcomestodevelopedcountriesthereasonfortheincreaseofTBisrelatedtotheageingsociety"hesaid."42""Onecommonfactamongdevelopingcountriesanddevelopedcountriesiscomplacency"Omiadded."43" WHOsaidamongthe"highburdenhighrisk"countriesintheregionareCambodisChinaLaosMongoliaPapuaNewGuineathePhilippinesandVietnam.44Itnotedthatmorethat40millionpeopleareinfectedwiththediseaseand"10percentofthem-willdevelopTBintheirlifetime."InCambodiamorethan7millionpeopleor60percentofthepopulationareinfectedwiththediseasewhileinVietnammorethan145000peopleareinfectedeachyear."InseveraldevelopedandnewlyindustrializedcountriesintheWesternPacificregionTBprevalencehasnotdecreasedmarkedlyduringthelastdecadealthougheconomicgrowthshouldmakemoreresourcesavailabletodealwiththeproblem"WHOsaid.45. Omiexpressedconfidencethatwithrenewedvigilanceamonghealthofficialsintheregion.TBprevalencecouldbereducedbyhalfby2010. [A]Ifyoubecomeelderlyyourimmunesystemisbecomingweakerandweaker. [B]InJapanthenumberofdiagnosedcasesroseto48264in1999from42472casesin1996. [C]OmipointedoutthatthemainfactorfortheriseofTBcasesindevelopingcountriesistherapidincreaseofpeoplewhomigrateintothebigcitiesandliveinunsanitaryconditions. [D]Thereisnodoubtthattuberculosiswillbeeliminatedcompletelyeverywhereintheworldinthenearfuture. [E]Theythoughtwehavealreadyconqueredtuberculosissotheybecomealittlebitcomplacent. [F]WHOrecordsshowedthatinChinatuberculosisisoneofthemostcommoncausesofdeath. [G]InAsiathenumberofdiagnosedcasesroseto148264in2001from42472casesin2005. 44
Formescientificknowledgeisdividedintomathematicalsciencesnaturalsciencesorsciencesdealingwiththenaturalworldphysicalandbiologicalsciencesandsciencesdealingwithmankindpsychologysociologyallthesciencesofculturalachievementseverykindofhistoricalknowledge.Apartfromthesesciencesisphilosophyaboutwhichwewilltalklater.Inthefirstplaceallthisispureoftheoreticalknowledgesoughtonlyforthepurposeofunderstandinginordertofulfiltheneedtounderstandwhatisintrinsicandconsubstantialtoman.Whatdistinguishesmanfromanimalisthatheknowsandneedstoknow.Ifmandidnotknowthattheworldexistedandthattheworldwasofacertainkindthathewasintheworldandthathehimselfwasofacertainkindhewouldn’tbeman.Thetechnicalaspectsorapplicationsofknowledgeareequallynecessaryformanandareofthegreatestimportancebecausetheyalsocontributetodefininghimasmanandpermithimtopursuealifeincreasinglymoretrulyhuman. Butevenwhileenjoyingtheresultsoftechnicalprogresshemustdefendtheprimacyandautonomyofpureknowledge.KnowledgesoughtdirectlyforitspracticalapplicationswillhaveimmediateandforeseeablesuccessbutnotthekindofimportantresultwhoserevolutionaryscopeisinlargepartunforeseenexceptbytheimaginationoftheUtopians.Letmerecallawell-knownexample.IftheGreekmathematicianshadnotappliedthemselvestotheinvestigationofconicsectionszealouslyandwithouttheleastsuspicionthatitmightsomedaybeusefulitwouldnothavebeenpossiblecenturieslatertonavigatefarfromshore.Thefirstmantostudynatureofelectricitycouldnotimaginethat’theirexperimentscarriedonbecauseofmereintellectualcuriositywouldeventuallyleadtomodernelectricaltechnologywithoutwhichwecanscarcelyconceiveofcontemporarylife.Pureknowledgeisvaluableforitsownsakebecausethehumanspiritcannotresignitselftoignorance.Butinadditionitisthefoundationforpracticalresultsthatwouldnothavebeenreachedifthisknowledgehadnotbeensoughtdisinterestedly. Intheparagraphthatfollowsthispassagewemayexpecttheauthortodiscuss
Britishcancer’researchershavefoundthatchildhoodleukaemiaiscausedbyaninfectionandclustersofcasesaroundindustrialsitesaretheresultofpopulationmixingthatincreasesexposure.TheresearchpublishedintheBritishJournalofCancerbacksupa1988theorythatsomeasyetunidentifiedinfectioncausedleukaemia--nottheenvironmentalfactorswidelyblamedforthedisease. "Childhoodleukaemiaappearstobeanunusualresultofacommoninfection"saidSirRichardDollaninternationally-knowncancerexpertwhofirstlinkedtobaccowithlungcancerin1950."Avirusisthemostlikelyexplanation.YouwouldgetanincreasedriskofitifyouSuddenlyputalotofpeoplefromlargetownsinaruralareawhereyoumighthavepeoplewhohadnotbeenexposedtotheinfection."DollwascommentingonthenewfindingsbyresearchersatNewcastleUniversitywhichfocusedonaclusterofleukaemiacasesaroundtheSellafieldnuclearreprocessingplantinCumbriainnorthernEngland.ScientistshavebeentryingtoestablishwhytherewasmoreleukaemiainchildrenaroundtheSellafieldareabuthavefailedtoestablishalinkwithradiationorpollution.TheNewcastleUniversityresearchbyHeatherDickinsonandLouiseParkershowedtheclusterofcasescouldhavebeenpredictedbecauseoftheamountofpopulationmixinggoingonintheareaaslargenumbersofconstructionworkersandnuclearstaffmovedintoaruralsetting."OurstudyshowsthatpopulationmixingcanaccountfortheSellafieldleukaemiaclusterandthatallchildrenwhethertheirparentsareincomersorlocalsareatahigherriskiftheyareborninanareaofhighpopulationmixing"DickinsonsaidinastatementissuedbytheCancerResearchCampaignwhichpublishestheBritishJournalofCancer. Theirpaperaddscrucialweighttothe1988theoryputforwardbyLeoKinlenacancerepidemiologistatOxfordUniversitywhosaidthatexposuretoacommonunidentifiedinfectionthroughpopulationmixingresultedinthedisease. CancerResearchCampaignismostpossiblya
Formescientificknowledgeisdividedintomathematicalsciencesnaturalsciencesorsciencesdealingwiththenaturalworldphysicalandbiologicalsciencesandsciencesdealingwithmankindpsychologysociologyallthesciencesofculturalachievementseverykindofhistoricalknowledge.Apartfromthesesciencesisphilosophyaboutwhichwewilltalklater.Inthefirstplaceallthisispureoftheoreticalknowledgesoughtonlyforthepurposeofunderstandinginordertofulfiltheneedtounderstandwhatisintrinsicandconsubstantialtoman.Whatdistinguishesmanfromanimalisthatheknowsandneedstoknow.Ifmandidnotknowthattheworldexistedandthattheworldwasofacertainkindthathewasintheworldandthathehimselfwasofacertainkindhewouldn’tbeman.Thetechnicalaspectsorapplicationsofknowledgeareequallynecessaryformanandareofthegreatestimportancebecausetheyalsocontributetodefininghimasmanandpermithimtopursuealifeincreasinglymoretrulyhuman. Butevenwhileenjoyingtheresultsoftechnicalprogresshemustdefendtheprimacyandautonomyofpureknowledge.KnowledgesoughtdirectlyforitspracticalapplicationswillhaveimmediateandforeseeablesuccessbutnotthekindofimportantresultwhoserevolutionaryscopeisinlargepartunforeseenexceptbytheimaginationoftheUtopians.Letmerecallawell-knownexample.IftheGreekmathematicianshadnotappliedthemselvestotheinvestigationofconicsectionszealouslyandwithouttheleastsuspicionthatitmightsomedaybeusefulitwouldnothavebeenpossiblecenturieslatertonavigatefarfromshore.Thefirstmantostudynatureofelectricitycouldnotimaginethat’theirexperimentscarriedonbecauseofmereintellectualcuriositywouldeventuallyleadtomodernelectricaltechnologywithoutwhichwecanscarcelyconceiveofcontemporarylife.Pureknowledgeisvaluableforitsownsakebecausethehumanspiritcannotresignitselftoignorance.Butinadditionitisthefoundationforpracticalresultsthatwouldnothavebeenreachedifthisknowledgehadnotbeensoughtdisinterestedly. Thepracticalscientist
以下协议完成了从网卡到IP地址的映射
WorldHealthOrganizationWHOofficialsrecentlyurgedAsia-PacificgovernmentstoshakeoffcomplacencyandintensifythefightagainsttuberculosisTBwhichkills1000peopleadayintheregion.ShigeruOmiregionaldirectorofWHOfortheWesternPacificsaiddeathscausedbytuberculosiscontinuetoriseintheregionas’moreandmorepeopleareinfectedwiththedreadfuldiseaseeveryyear. "Everyyearanadditionaltwomilliontuberculosiscasesarediagnosedintheregion"Omisaidatanewsconferenceduringtheopeningofatwo-daymeetingofAsian’parliamentarianstodiscussstrategiestocontrolthedisease.41"WhenitcomestodevelopedcountriesthereasonfortheincreaseofTBisrelatedtotheageingsociety"hesaid."42""Onecommonfactamongdevelopingcountriesanddevelopedcountriesiscomplacency"Omiadded."43" WHOsaidamongthe"highburdenhighrisk"countriesintheregionareCambodisChinaLaosMongoliaPapuaNewGuineathePhilippinesandVietnam.44Itnotedthatmorethat40millionpeopleareinfectedwiththediseaseand"10percentofthem-willdevelopTBintheirlifetime."InCambodiamorethan7millionpeopleor60percentofthepopulationareinfectedwiththediseasewhileinVietnammorethan145000peopleareinfectedeachyear."InseveraldevelopedandnewlyindustrializedcountriesintheWesternPacificregionTBprevalencehasnotdecreasedmarkedlyduringthelastdecadealthougheconomicgrowthshouldmakemoreresourcesavailabletodealwiththeproblem"WHOsaid.45. Omiexpressedconfidencethatwithrenewedvigilanceamonghealthofficialsintheregion.TBprevalencecouldbereducedbyhalfby2010. [A]Ifyoubecomeelderlyyourimmunesystemisbecomingweakerandweaker. [B]InJapanthenumberofdiagnosedcasesroseto48264in1999from42472casesin1996. [C]OmipointedoutthatthemainfactorfortheriseofTBcasesindevelopingcountriesistherapidincreaseofpeoplewhomigrateintothebigcitiesandliveinunsanitaryconditions. [D]Thereisnodoubtthattuberculosiswillbeeliminatedcompletelyeverywhereintheworldinthenearfuture. [E]Theythoughtwehavealreadyconqueredtuberculosissotheybecomealittlebitcomplacent. [F]WHOrecordsshowedthatinChinatuberculosisisoneofthemostcommoncausesofdeath. [G]InAsiathenumberofdiagnosedcasesroseto148264in2001from42472casesin2005. 42
Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowanunwillinggeneralagreementthatwhoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowonhighunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely. Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomefundamentalquestionsaboutthefutureofwork.ShouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenormShouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselvesratherthanforanemployerShouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighbourhoodaswellasthefactoryandtheofficeascentresofproductionandwork Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople’sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanendandsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtaboutmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadiscouragingthought.Butinfactitcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemploymentasitshistoryshowshasnotmeanteconomicfreedom. Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseofthelandandthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomesLaterastransportimprovedfirstbyrailandthenbyroadpeopletravelledlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntileventuallymanypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandplacesinwhichtheylived. Meanwhileemploymentputwomenatadisadvantage.Itbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogooutpaidemploymentleavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife. Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheimpracticalgoalofcreatingjobsforalltotheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs. Asaresultoftheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturies
某计算机字长8位采用补码表示小数若某数真值为-0.1001则它在该计算机中的机器数形式为
TheproportionofworkscutforthecinemainBritaindroppedfrom40percentwhenIjoinedtheBBFCin1975tolessthan4percentwhenIleft.ButIdon’t’thinkthat20yearsfromnowitwillbepossibletoregulateanymediumascloselyasIregulatedfilm. TheInternetisofcoursethegreatestproblemforthiscentury.46TheworldwillhavetofindameansthroughsomesortofinternationaltreatyorUnitedNationsinitiativetocontrolthematerialthat’snowgoingtotallyunregulatedintopeople’shomes.ThatsaiditwillonlytakeonelittlecountrylikeParaguaytorefusetosignatreatyfortransmissiontobeunstoppable.Parentalcontrolisnevergoingtobesufficient. 47I’mstillveryworriedabouttheimpactofviolentvideogameseventhoughresearcherssaytheirimpactismoderatedbythefactthatplayersdon’tsomuchexperiencethegameasenjoythetechnicalmaneuversthatenableyoutowin.ButinrespectofviolenceinmainstreamfilmsI’mmoreoptimistic.Quitesuddenlytasteshavechangedandit’snolongerStalloneorSchwarzeneggerwhoarethetopstarsbutLeonardoDiCaprio--thathastakeneverybodybysurprise. 48GothroughthemostsuccessfulfilmsinEuropeandAmericanowandyouwillfindvirtuallynonethatareviolent.QuentinTarantinodidn’tusherinanewviolentgenerationandfilmsarebecomingmuchmorepre-socialthanonewouldhaveexpected. Cinemagoingwillundoubtedlysurvive.Thenewmultiplexesareagloriousexperienceofferingperfectsoundandpictureandverycomfortableseatsthingswhichhaddiedoutinthe1980s.49Ican’tbelievewe’veachievedthatonlytothrowitawayinfavourofhuddlingarounda14-inchcomputermonitortowatchdigitally-deliveredmoviesathome. Itwillbecomeincreasinglycheaptomakefilmswithcamerasbecomingsmallerandlighterbutremainingveryprecise.50Thatmeansgreaterchancesfornewtalenttoemergeasitwillbemucheasiertolearnhowtobeabetterfilm-maker.Careerswillbeshorterinthefutureandonceretiredpeoplewillspendalotoftimelearningtodothingsthatamusethem--likemakingvideos.Fiftyyearsonwecouldwellbemedia-saturatedasbothproducersandaudiences:insteadofwritinglettersonewillsendlittlehomemoviesentitledMyWeek. TheworldwillhavetofindameansthroughsomesortofinternationaltreatyorUnitedNationsinitiativetocontrolthematerialthat’snowgoingtotallyunregulatedintopeople’shomes.
Formescientificknowledgeisdividedintomathematicalsciencesnaturalsciencesorsciencesdealingwiththenaturalworldphysicalandbiologicalsciencesandsciencesdealingwithmankindpsychologysociologyallthesciencesofculturalachievementseverykindofhistoricalknowledge.Apartfromthesesciencesisphilosophyaboutwhichwewilltalklater.Inthefirstplaceallthisispureoftheoreticalknowledgesoughtonlyforthepurposeofunderstandinginordertofulfiltheneedtounderstandwhatisintrinsicandconsubstantialtoman.Whatdistinguishesmanfromanimalisthatheknowsandneedstoknow.Ifmandidnotknowthattheworldexistedandthattheworldwasofacertainkindthathewasintheworldandthathehimselfwasofacertainkindhewouldn’tbeman.Thetechnicalaspectsorapplicationsofknowledgeareequallynecessaryformanandareofthegreatestimportancebecausetheyalsocontributetodefininghimasmanandpermithimtopursuealifeincreasinglymoretrulyhuman. Butevenwhileenjoyingtheresultsoftechnicalprogresshemustdefendtheprimacyandautonomyofpureknowledge.KnowledgesoughtdirectlyforitspracticalapplicationswillhaveimmediateandforeseeablesuccessbutnotthekindofimportantresultwhoserevolutionaryscopeisinlargepartunforeseenexceptbytheimaginationoftheUtopians.Letmerecallawell-knownexample.IftheGreekmathematicianshadnotappliedthemselvestotheinvestigationofconicsectionszealouslyandwithouttheleastsuspicionthatitmightsomedaybeusefulitwouldnothavebeenpossiblecenturieslatertonavigatefarfromshore.Thefirstmantostudynatureofelectricitycouldnotimaginethat’theirexperimentscarriedonbecauseofmereintellectualcuriositywouldeventuallyleadtomodernelectricaltechnologywithoutwhichwecanscarcelyconceiveofcontemporarylife.Pureknowledgeisvaluableforitsownsakebecausethehumanspiritcannotresignitselftoignorance.Butinadditionitisthefoundationforpracticalresultsthatwouldnothavebeenreachedifthisknowledgehadnotbeensoughtdisinterestedly. Themostimportantadvancesmadebymankindcomefrom
DespiteDenmark’smanifestvirtuesDanesnevertalkabouthowproudtheyaretobeDanes.ThiswouldsoundweirdinDanish.WhenDanestalktoforeignersaboutDenmarkTheyalwaysbeginbycommentingonitstininessitsunimportancethedifficultyofitslanguagethegeneralsmall-mindednessandself-indulgenceoftheircountrymenandthehightaxes.NoDanewouldlookyouintireeyeandsay"Denmarkisagreatcountry."You’resupposedtofigurethisoutforyourself. Itisthelandofthesilksafetynetwherealmosthalfthenationalbudgetgoestowardsmoothingoutlife’sinequalitiesandthereisplentyofmoneyforschoolsdaycareretrainingprogramsjobseminars.Danesloveseminars:Threedaysatastudycenterhearingaboutwastemanagementisalmostasgoodasaskitrip.ItisaculturebombardedbyEnglishinadvertisingpopmusictheInternetanddespitealltheEnglishthatDanishabsorbs--thereisnoDanishAcademytodefendagainstit--olddialectspersistinJutlandthatcanbarelybeunderstoodbyCopenhageners.Itisthelandwhereasthesayinggoes"Fewhavetoomuchandfewerhavetoolittle"andaforeignerisstruckbythesweetegalitarianismthatprevailswherethelowliestclerkgivesyoualevelgazewhereSirandMadamehavedisappearedfromcommonusageevenMr.andMrs.It’sanationofrecyclers--about55%ofDanishgarbagegetsmadeintosomethingnew--andnonuclearpowerplants.It’sanationoftirelessplanners.Trainsrunontime.Thingsoperatewellingeneral. Suchanationofoverachievers--abrochurefromtheMinistryofBusinessandIndustrysays"Denmarkisoneoftheworld’scleanestandmostorganizedcountrieswithvirtuallynopollutioncrimeorpoverty.Denmarkisthemostcorruption-freesocietyintheNorthernhemisphere."Soofcourseone’sheartliftsatanysightingofDanishsleaze:skinheadgraffitionbuildings"ForeignersoutofDenmark!"brokenbeerbottlesintheguttersdrunkenteenagersslumpedinthepark. Nonethelessitisanorderlyland.YoudrivethroughaDanishtownitcomestoanendatastonewallandontheothersideisafieldofbarleyanicecleanline:townherecountrythere.Itisnotanationofjaywalkers.Peoplestandonthecurbandwaitfortheredlighttochangeevenifit’s2a.m.andthere’snotacarinsight.HoweverDanesdon’tthinkofthemselvesasawaiting-at-2-am.-for-the-green-lightpeople--that’showtheyseeSwedesandGermans.DanesseethemselvesasjazzypeopleimprovisersmorefreespiritedthanSwedesbutthetruthisthoughoneshouldnotsayitthatDanesareverymuchlikeGermansandSwedes.Orderlinessisamainsellingpoint.Denmarkhasfewnaturalresourceslimitedmanufacturingcapability;itsfutureinEuropewillbeasabrokerbankeranddistributorofgoods.YousendyourgoodsbycontainershiptoCopenhagenandthesebrightyoungEnglish-speakingutterlyhonesthighlydisciplinedpeoplewillgetyourgoodsaroundtoScandinaviatheBalticStatesandRussia.Airportsseaportshighwaysandraillinesareultramodernandwell-maintained. Theorderlinessofthesocietydoesn’tmeanthatDanishlivesarelessmessyorlonelythanyoursormineandnoDanewouldtellyouso.Youcanhearplentyaboutbitterfamilyfeudsandthesorrowsofalcoholismandaboutperfectlysensiblepeoplewhowentoffonedayandkilledthemselves.Anorderlysocietycannotexemptitsmembersfromthehazardsoflife. ButthereisasenseofentitlementandsecuritythatDanesgrowupwith.Certainthingsareyoursbyvirtueofcitizenshipandyoushouldn’tfeelbadfortakingwhatyou’reentitledtoyou’reasgoodasanyoneelse.Therulesofthewelfaresystemarecleartoeveryonethebenefitsyougetifyouloseyourjobthestepsyoutaketogetanewone;andtheorderlinessofthesystemmakesitpossibleforthecountrytoweatherhighunemploymentandsocialunrestwithoutasenseofcrisis. TheauthorthinksthatDanesadoptaattitudetowardstheircountry.
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