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津液的输布排泄和下列哪项无关( )
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津液的输布和排泄主要通过
胃
脾
肾
肺
心
与机体津液输布排泄相关的有
肺的呼吸
肾的蒸腾气化
汗液的排泄
气机的升降、疏泄
尿液的形成、排泄
津液的输布和排泄主要通过
胃
脾
肾
肺
三焦
下列对津液输布排泄障碍描述错误的是
常导致痰饮凝聚
常导致水液潴留
常导致湿浊困阻
津液转化为汗液和尿液功能减退
常导致肾阳亏虚
下列各项津液的生成输布和排泄主要关系到气的
温煦作用
推动作用
气化作用
固摄作用
津液的输布和排泄是依靠下列哪些脏腑的协调作用而完成的
脾
心
肝
肺
肾
津液的输布排泄也要依赖气化功能这属于下列哪项的范畴
气能生津
气能行津
气能摄津
津能载气
出现内生水湿的病机是
津液不足
血热
津液输布、排泄障碍
血瘀
气虚
肾主津液的基本涵义包括
主司津液的生成
主司津液的气化
主司津液的输布
主司尿液的生成
主司尿液的排泄
与机体津液输布排泄相关的有
肺的宣降
肾的蒸腾气化
汗液的排泄
尿液的形成排泄
气机的升降疏泄
肺的宣发和肃降对水液代谢的调节包括
津液的输布
水液的运行
水液的排泄
津液的吸收
津液的输布排泄和下列哪项无关
肾的游溢精气
脾的传输
肺的宣降
肾的蒸腾
以三焦为通道
出现口鼻皮肤干燥的病机为
津液不足
血热
津液输布、排泄障碍
血瘀
气虚
津液输布和排泄的动力是指气的
推动作用
温煦作用
防御作用
固摄作用
试述津液的生成输布与排泄过程
津液的输布排泄和下列哪项无关
肾的游溢精气
脾的传输
肺的宜降
肾的蒸腾
津液的输布排泄障碍可有哪些临床表现
与津液输布排泄障碍无关的脏腑是
肺
脾
肾
膀胱
心
津液的生成输布和排泄依赖于气的
推动作用
温煦作用
防御作用
固摄作用
津液的生成输布和排泄主要与哪些脏腑的生理功能有关这些脏腑各起什么作用
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Whatoursocietysuffersfrommosttodayistheabsenceofconsensusaboutwhatitandlifeinitoughttobe;suchconsensuscannotbegainedfromsociety’spresentstageorfromfantasiesaboutwhatitoughttobe.Forthatthepresentistoocloseandtoodiversifiedandthefuturetoouncertaintomakebelievableclaimsaboutit.AconsensusinthepresenthencecanbeachievedonlythroughasharedunderstandingofthepastasHomer’sepicsinformedthosewholivedcenturieslaterwhatitmeanttobeGreekandbywhatimagesandidealstheyweretolivetheirlivesandorganizetheirsocieties. Mostsocietiesderiveconsensusfromalonghistoryalanguagealltheirownacommonreligioncommonancestry.Themythsbywhichtheylivearebasedonallofthese.ButtheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrantscomingfromagreatvarietyofnations.LatelyithasbeenemphasizedthatanasocialnarcissisticpersonalityhasbecomecharacteristicofAmericansandthatitisthistypeofpersonalitythatmakesforthelackofwell-beingbecauseitpreventsusfromachievingconsensusthatwouldcounteractatendencytowithdrawintoprivateworlds.InthisstudyofnarcissismChristopherLashsaysthatmodernman"torturedbyself-consciousnessturnstonewtherapiesnottofreehimselfofhispersonalworriesbuttofindmeaningandpurposeinlifetofindsomethingtolivefor".Thereiswidespreaddistressbecausenationalmoralehasdeclinedandwehavelostanearliersenseofnationalvisionandpurpose. Contrarytorigidreligionsorpoliticalbeliefsasarefoundintotalitariansocietiesourcultureisoneofthegreatindividualdifferencesatleastinprincipleandintheory;butthisleadstodisunityevenchaos.Americansbelieveinthevalueofdiversitybutjustbecauseoursisasocietybasedonindividualdiversityitneedsconsensusaboutsomedominatingideasmorethansocietiesbasedonuniformoriginoftheircitizens.Henceifwearetohaveconsensusitmustbebasedonamyth--avisionaboutacommonexperienceaconquestthatmadeusAmericansasthemythabouttheconquestofTroyformedtheGreeks.Onlyacommonmythcanofferrelieffromthefearthatlifeiswithoutmeaningorpurpose.Mythspermitustoexamineourplaceintheworldbycomparingittoasharedidea.Mythsaresharedfantasiesthatformthetie.thatbindstheindividualtoothermembersofhisgroup.Suchmythshelptowardofffeelingsofisolationsguiltanxietyandpurposelessness--inshorttheycombatisolationandthebreakdownofsocialstandardsandvalues. TheauthorconcludesthatonlysharedmythscanhelpAmericans
Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportionsripsintothepopulacescientistsimmediatelygettoworktryingtolocatethesourceoftheafflictionandfindwaystocombatit.Oftentimessuccessisachievedasmedicalscienceisabletoisolatetheparasitegermorcellthatcausestheproblemandfindswaystoeffectivelykillorcontainit.Inthemostseriousofcasesinwhichtheentirepopulationofaregionorcountrymaybeatgraveriskitisdeemednecessarytoprotecttheentirepopulationthroughvaccinationsoastosafeguardlivesandensurethatthediseasewillnotspread. Theprocessofvaccinationallowsthepatient’sbodytodevelopimmunitytothevirusordiseasesothatifitisencounteredonecanwarditoffnaturally.Toaccomplishthisasmallweakordeadstrainofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolledenvironmentsothathisbody’simmunesystemcanlearntofighttheinvaderproperly.Informationonhowtopenetratethedisease’sdefensesistransmittedtoallelementsofthepatient’simmunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnaturallyinwhichgeneticinformationispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethatshouldthepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblemhisbodyiswellequippedandtrainedtodealwithithavingalreadydonesobefore. Therearedangersinherentintheprocesshowever.Onoccasioneventheweakenedversionofthediseasecontainedinthevaccineprovestoomuchforthebodytohandleresultingintheimmunesystemsuccumbingandthereforethepatient’sdeath.SuchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccinedesignedtoeradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearlywipedouttheentireNativeAmericanpopulationandkilledmassivenumbersofsettlers.Approximately1in10000peoplewhoreceivesthevaccinecontractthesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddiesfromit.ThusiftheentirepopulationoftheUnitedStatesweretoreceivetheSmallpoxVaccinetoday3000Americanswouldbeleftdead. Fortunatelythesmallpoxviruswasconsiderederadicatedintheearly1970’sendingthemandatoryvaccinationofallbabiesinAmerica.Intheeventofareintroductionofthediseasehowevermandatoryvaccinationsmayresumeresultinginmoreunexpecteddeathsfromvaccination.Theprocesswhichistrulyamixedblessingmayindeedhidesomehiddencurses. ThephrasewarditoffnaturallyParagraph2mostprobablymeans
Directions: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.I nthesetimeswhenmarketforcesappearincreasinglycomplicatedandmorevolatileitisallthemoreimportanttounderstandtheprofessionaljargonandterminologyinthemarketplaceinordertobeabletobettermakeourinvestmentandbusinessdecisions.Understandingkeyeconomicindicatorswillassistinthedecisionmakingprocessprovidingasnapshotofthecurrentsituationandaninsightintothefuture. 46Eacheconomicindicatortellsussomethingabouttheeconomyorinflation.GrossDomesticProductGDPisprobablythemostimportantreportasitisthewholeframeworkwhereothereconomicindicatorsfallunder. Therearealsoindicatorsthatarebroadertellusabouttheeconomyitselfratherthanthecomponentse.g.employmentfiguresleadingindicatorsmoneysupplyfiguresM3.InflationfiguresProducePriceIndexPPIandtheConsumerPriceIndexCPIwillinshortinformusofthechangesinwholesalepricescostofconsumerretailgoodsandservicesrespectively. Anindicatorthatisusefulmustbeaccuratetimelyandreliable.Itdependsentirelyontheintegrityofthenationalstatisticalsystemresponsible.Itisvitaltoknowtheaccuratecomponentsofanindicator.Wehavetobemindfulofthelimitationofthesestatisticalfigurestoo. Someindicatorscanbehistoricorextremelyvolatileandthereforetheirvaluesarereduced.Itisbettertocomparethemostrecentdatawithearliermonthsortakeamovingaverageforthepast36or12monthstosmooththedata.Itwilltellusiftherehasbeenasignificantchangeintrendandwhetheranewdirectionisunderway. Timelinessofanindicatorisalsosignificant.47Althoughthereportedfiguresareimportantitiscrucialtorecognizethatmarketsreactmoretothevariancetotheconsensusforecastthantotheabsolutechangeintheindicator.48Marketsdonotlikesurprisesandcanbefrustratedwithvolatilityuponsubsequentrevisionstothenumberspublishedeventhoughsignificanceoftheabsolutenumberdiminisheswitheachpassingmonth. TheIndexofLeadingEconomicIndicatorsL.E.IintheUSactsasanearlywarningsystemtellinguswhentheeconomyisabouttochangedirection.49Thiscompositeindexof11leadingindicatorshasagoodrecordofprovidingaccurateforecasts.Thetotalindexperformsbetterasapredictiontoolthananyofitsparts.Thismonthlyfigureisavailableonthelastbusinessdayofthemonthandhaslowvolatility. 50AsageneralruleturningpointsintheeconomyaresignaledbythreeconsecutivemonthsofL.E.Ichangesinthesamedirection.Thisleadingindicatorislikealighthousegivingtherestoftheworldeconomiesaglimpseofthedirectionofthe’world’slargesteconomy. Althoughthereportedfiguresareimportantitiscrucialtorecognizethatmarketsreactmoretothevariancetotheconsensusforecastthantotheabsolutechangeintheindicator
Inthenextcenturywe’llbeabletoalterourDNAradicallyencodingourvisionsandvanitieswhileconcoctingnewlife-forms.WhenDr.Frankensteinmadehismonsterhewrestledwiththemoralissueofwhetherheshouldallowittoreproduce"HadItherightformyownbenefittoinflictthecurseuponeverlastinggenerations"Willsuchquestionsrequireustodevelopnewmoralphilosophies Probablynot.Insteadwe’llreachagainforatime-testedmoralconceptonesometimescalledtheGoldenRuleandwhichKantthemillennium’smostprudentmoralistconjuredupintoacategoricalimperative:Dountoothersasyouwouldhavethemdountoyou;treateachpersonasanindividualratherthanasameanstosomeend. Underthismoralpreceptweshouldrecoilathumancloningbecauseitinevitablyentailsusinghumansasmeanstootherhumans’endsandvaluingthemascopiesofotherswelovedorascollectionsofbodypartsnotasindividualsintheirownright.WeshouldalsodrawalinehoweverfuzzythatwouldpermitusinggeneticengineeringtocurediseasesanddisabilitiesbutnottochangethepersonalattributesthatmakesomeoneanindividualIQphysicalappearancegenderandsexuality. Thebiotechagewillalsogiveusmorereasontoguardourpersonalprivacy.AldousHuxleyinBraveNewWorldgotitwrong:ratherthancentralizingpowerinthehandsofthestateDNAtechnologyhasempoweredindividualsandfamilies.Butthestatewillhaveanimportantrolemakingsurethatnooneincludinginsurancecompaniescanlookatourgeneticdatawithoutourpermissionoruseittodiscriminateagainstus. Thenwecangetreadyforthebreakthroughsthatcouldcomeattheendofthenextcenturyandthetechnologyiscomparabletomappingourgenes:plottingthe10billionormoreneuronsofourbrain.Withthatinformationwemightsomedaybeabletocreateartificialintelligencesthatthinkandexperienceconsciousnessinwaysthatareindistinguishablefromahumanbrain.Eventuallywemightbeabletoreplicateourownmindsina"dry-ware"machinesothatwecouldliveonwithoutthe"wet-ware"ofabiologicalbrainandbody.The20thcentury’srevolutionininfotechnologywilltherebymergewiththe21stcentury’srevolutioninbiotechnology.Butthisissciencefiction.Let’sturnthepagenowandgetbacktorealscience. Itcanbeconcludedfromthetextthatthetechnologyofhumancloningshouldbeemployed
我国实行直接选举的范围不包括
Directions: OneofyourclosefriendsCatherinegaveapianosoloataconcertlastnightandwonthefirstprize.Nowwriteheraletterofcongratulationincludingthefollowingdetails: 1yourheart-feltcongratulations 2yourstrongimpression 3andyourencouragement. Writeyourletterinnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2. Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletteruse"12Ming"instead. Donotwritetheaddress.
刑罚世轻世重是确定的刑事政策原则
时期的民主政权创设了管制刑
Directions: Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextabouthappiness.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph41-45.Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Extensiveapplicationsofhaptictechnology. [B]Possibilitiesrenderedbyhapticmechanisms. [C]Thefeasibilityofextendingoursensesandexploringabstractuniverses. [D]Anexampleoftheprogressinscienceofhaptics. [E]Bringingthepotentialofoursensesintofullplay. [F]Willhapticsstepintoabrightfuture "OOOF!"Usingyourmouseyouheaveadatafileacrossthescreen--acoupleofgigabytesofdataweighalot.Itsroughsurfacetellsyouthatitisagraphicsfile.Havingtippedthishugepileofdataintoahopperthatsendsittotherightprogramyouexamineascreenimageoftheforesttrailyou’llbehikingonyourvacation.Thenusingaglovedhandyoumasteritsdetailsbyrunningyourfingersoveritsforksandbendsitssharprisesandfalls.LateryousendanE-mailtoyourbelovedbendingtothedeskpadtoattachakiss. 41.__________. ThescienceofhapticsfromtheGreekhaptesthai"totouch"ismakingthesefantasiesreal.Afewprimitivedevicesareextendinghuman-machinecommunicationbeyondvisionandsound.Hapticjoysticksandsteeringwheelsforcomputergamesarealreadygivinghappyplayerssomeofthesensationsofpilotingaspaceshipdrivingaracingcarorfiringweapons.Intimehapticinterfacesmayallowustomanipulatesinglemoleculesfeelcloudsandgalaxiesevenreachintohigherdimensionstograspthesubtlestructuresofmathematics. 42.__________. Mostofoursensestirepassive.Inhearingandvisionforexamplethesoundorlightissimplyreceivedandanalyzed.Buttouchisdifferent:weactivelyexploreandalterrealitywithourhandssothesameactionthatgathersinformationcanalsochangetheworld--tomodelapieceofclayorpressabuttonforexample.Inprovidingdirectcontactbetweenpeopletouchcarriesemotionalimpact.Andinprovidingdirectcontactwiththeworlditisthesuresignofrealityasin"pinchme--amIdreaming" 43.__________. Somesmallstepshaveevenbeentakentowardswhole-bodyhaptics.TouchTechnologyofNovaScotiaCanadahasbuiltahapticchair.Itlookslikeafull-lengthloungechairinafamilydenbutitssurfaceisstuddedwith72"tactors"-pneumaticpistonrodscoveredwithroundedbuttonsthatcanextendaboutaninchandcanbedrivenundercomputercontrolinanydesiredsequenceandpattern.Itcouldbeprogrammedtoimitatearealmassageortofunctionintimetomusic.Accordingtothemanufacturerthatprovidesapowerfulblendingofsen-sations--along-termgoalofvirtualreality. 44.__________. Evenatitspresentcrudelevelhoweverhapticscanmaketangiblewhatoncecouldnotbetouchedorevenpictured.ToinvestigatetheworldoftheverysmallresearchersattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaChapelHillhavedevelopedthenanoManipulator.Thisaddstouchtothetechniqueofscanningprobemicroscopywhichcanimageasingleatombymonitoringeithertheelectricalcurrentflowingbetweenanextremelyfineprobeandasurfaceortheforcebetweenthem.WiththenanoManipulatorresearcherscanseeandmanipulateauniverseamilliontimessmallerthantheirowntostudyvirusesandtinysemiconductingdevices.Iftheforcefeedbackcanbemadesensitiveenoughitmaybepossibletopushmolecularkeysintospecificmolecularlockstocustom-designdrugsorassemblesiliconpartsintointricatenanomachines.Withotherinterfacesthereisnoreasonweshouldn’talsobeabletotouchtheverylarge-cloudsoceancurrentsmantleflowsmountainsgalaxyclusters.Ortheverystrong--withasuitableforcescalingnewceramicsoralloyscouldbesqueezedandtwangedtotesttheirengineeringproperties.Orthephysicallyextremeandinaccessible--suchasultrahotplasmaflowsinfusionmachines. 45.__________. Haptictechnologycouldevenmakeabstractideastangible.Manyscientificconceptsoccupyspacesofmorethanthreedimensionsstringtheoryfor’exampleassertsthatweliveina10or11-dimensionalUniverse.Asitisimpossibletovisualisesuchaspaceweexploretheseideas’throughmathematicalexpressionsortwodimensionalsketchesonpaper.Butprobingtheseunfamiliargeometrieswithtouchmaybemoreeffective.Andforblindpeoplehapticsoffersanewwaytograspinformationeveninthreedimensions.AgroupattheUniversityofDelawarehasdevelopedanenvironmentwhereapersoncanfeelamathematicalfunction.UsingaPHAN-TOMtheuser"walks"alongthesurfaceofthefigure.Likeahikerfollowingmountainousterraintheuserfeelswherethefunctionissteepwhereitislevelandwhereitspeaksandvalleyslie.OtherhapticsystemscouldhelpblindpeopletobrowsetheInternetfeelingimagesaswellaswords. Thefutureofhapticsisbrightbuttheonlysensualrelationshipitwillbesustaininganytimesoonisbetweenyouandyourcomputer. 45
在夏朝中央的最高司法官叫
在我国居民委员会
Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportionsripsintothepopulacescientistsimmediatelygettoworktryingtolocatethesourceoftheafflictionandfindwaystocombatit.Oftentimessuccessisachievedasmedicalscienceisabletoisolatetheparasitegermorcellthatcausestheproblemandfindswaystoeffectivelykillorcontainit.Inthemostseriousofcasesinwhichtheentirepopulationofaregionorcountrymaybeatgraveriskitisdeemednecessarytoprotecttheentirepopulationthroughvaccinationsoastosafeguardlivesandensurethatthediseasewillnotspread. Theprocessofvaccinationallowsthepatient’sbodytodevelopimmunitytothevirusordiseasesothatifitisencounteredonecanwarditoffnaturally.Toaccomplishthisasmallweakordeadstrainofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolledenvironmentsothathisbody’simmunesystemcanlearntofighttheinvaderproperly.Informationonhowtopenetratethedisease’sdefensesistransmittedtoallelementsofthepatient’simmunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnaturallyinwhichgeneticinformationispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethatshouldthepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblemhisbodyiswellequippedandtrainedtodealwithithavingalreadydonesobefore. Therearedangersinherentintheprocesshowever.Onoccasioneventheweakenedversionofthediseasecontainedinthevaccineprovestoomuchforthebodytohandleresultingintheimmunesystemsuccumbingandthereforethepatient’sdeath.SuchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccinedesignedtoeradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearlywipedouttheentireNativeAmericanpopulationandkilledmassivenumbersofsettlers.Approximately1in10000peoplewhoreceivesthevaccinecontractthesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddiesfromit.ThusiftheentirepopulationoftheUnitedStatesweretoreceivetheSmallpoxVaccinetoday3000Americanswouldbeleftdead. Fortunatelythesmallpoxviruswasconsiderederadicatedintheearly1970’sendingthemandatoryvaccinationofallbabiesinAmerica.Intheeventofareintroductionofthediseasehowevermandatoryvaccinationsmayresumeresultinginmoreunexpecteddeathsfromvaccination.Theprocesswhichistrulyamixedblessingmayindeedhidesomehiddencurses. Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageis
Asoneworkswithcolorinapracticalorexperimentalwayoneisimpressedbytwoapparentlyunrelatedfacts.Colorasseenisamobilechangeablething1toalargeextentontherelationshipofthecolor2othercolors3simultaneously.Itisnot4initsrelationtothedirectstimuluswhich5it.Ontheotherhandthepropertiesofsurfacesthatgive6tocolordonotseemtochangegreatlyunderawidevarietyofilluminationcolorusuallybutnotalwayslookingmuchthesameinartificiallightasindaylight.Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobe7inlargeparttothemechanismofcolor8. Whentheeyeis9toacoloredareathereisanimmediatereadjustmentofthe10oftheeyetocolorinandaroundthearea11.Thisreadjustmentdoesnotpromptlyaffectthecolorseenbutusuallydoesaffectthenextareatowhichthe12isshifted.Thelongerthetimeofviewingthehigherthe13andthelargertheareathegreatertheeffectwillbe14itspersistenceinthe15viewingsituation.AsindicatedbytheworkofWrightandSchoutenitappearsthatat16forafirstapproximationfulladaptationtakesplaceover17timeiftheadaptingsourceismoderatelybrightandtheeyehasbeenin18darknessjustpreviously.Also19ofthepersistenceoftheeffectiftheeyeisshiftedaroundfromoneobjecttoanotherallofwhichareatsimilarbrightnessorhavesimilarcolorstheadaptationwilltendtobecome20overthewholeeye. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
Whatoursocietysuffersfrommosttodayistheabsenceofconsensusaboutwhatitandlifeinitoughttobe;suchconsensuscannotbegainedfromsociety’spresentstageorfromfantasiesaboutwhatitoughttobe.Forthatthepresentistoocloseandtoodiversifiedandthefuturetoouncertaintomakebelievableclaimsaboutit.AconsensusinthepresenthencecanbeachievedonlythroughasharedunderstandingofthepastasHomer’sepicsinformedthosewholivedcenturieslaterwhatitmeanttobeGreekandbywhatimagesandidealstheyweretolivetheirlivesandorganizetheirsocieties. Mostsocietiesderiveconsensusfromalonghistoryalanguagealltheirownacommonreligioncommonancestry.Themythsbywhichtheylivearebasedonallofthese.ButtheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrantscomingfromagreatvarietyofnations.LatelyithasbeenemphasizedthatanasocialnarcissisticpersonalityhasbecomecharacteristicofAmericansandthatitisthistypeofpersonalitythatmakesforthelackofwell-beingbecauseitpreventsusfromachievingconsensusthatwouldcounteractatendencytowithdrawintoprivateworlds.InthisstudyofnarcissismChristopherLashsaysthatmodernman"torturedbyself-consciousnessturnstonewtherapiesnottofreehimselfofhispersonalworriesbuttofindmeaningandpurposeinlifetofindsomethingtolivefor".Thereiswidespreaddistressbecausenationalmoralehasdeclinedandwehavelostanearliersenseofnationalvisionandpurpose. Contrarytorigidreligionsorpoliticalbeliefsasarefoundintotalitariansocietiesourcultureisoneofthegreatindividualdifferencesatleastinprincipleandintheory;butthisleadstodisunityevenchaos.Americansbelieveinthevalueofdiversitybutjustbecauseoursisasocietybasedonindividualdiversityitneedsconsensusaboutsomedominatingideasmorethansocietiesbasedonuniformoriginoftheircitizens.Henceifwearetohaveconsensusitmustbebasedonamyth--avisionaboutacommonexperienceaconquestthatmadeusAmericansasthemythabouttheconquestofTroyformedtheGreeks.Onlyacommonmythcanofferrelieffromthefearthatlifeiswithoutmeaningorpurpose.Mythspermitustoexamineourplaceintheworldbycomparingittoasharedidea.Mythsaresharedfantasiesthatformthetie.thatbindstheindividualtoothermembersofhisgroup.Suchmythshelptowardofffeelingsofisolationsguiltanxietyandpurposelessness--inshorttheycombatisolationandthebreakdownofsocialstandardsandvalues. Thistextismainlyintendedto
Euthanasiaisclearlyadeliberateandintentionalaspectofakilling.Takingahumanlifeevenwithsubtleritesandconsentofthepartyinvolvedisbarbaric.Noonecanjustlykillanotherhumanbeing.Justasitiswrongforaserialkillertomurderitiswrongforaphysiciantodosoaswellnomatterwhatthemotivefordoingsomaybe. ManythinkersincludingalmostallorthodoxCatholicsbelievethateuthanasiaisimmoral.Theyopposekillingpatientsinanycircumstanceswhatever.Howevertheythinkitisallrightinsomespecialcircumstancestoallowpatientstodiebywithholdingtreatment.TheAmericanMedicalAssociation’spolicystatementonmercykillingsupportsthistraditionalview.Inmypaper"ActiveandPassiveEuthanasia"Iargueagainstthetraditionalviewthatthereisinfactnonormaldifferencebetweenkillingandlettingdie--ifoneispermissiblethensoistheother. ProfessorSullivandoesnotdisputemyargument;insteadhedismissesitasirrelevant.Thetraditionaldoctrinehesaysdoesnotappealtoordependonthedistinctionbetweenkillingandlettingdie.Thereforeargumentsagainstthatdistinction"leavethetraditionalpositionuntouched." IsmyargumentreallyirrelevantIdon’tseehowitcanbe.AsSullivanhimselfpointsoutnearlyeveryoneholdsthatitissometimesmeaninglesstoprolongtheprocessofdyingandthatinthosecasesitismorallypermissibletoletapatientdieeventhoughafewmorehoursordayscouldbesavedbyproceduresthatwouldalsoincreasetheagoniesofthedying.Butifitisimpossibletodefendageneraldistinctionbetweenlettingpeopledieandactingtoterminatetheirlivesdirectlythenitwouldseemthatactiveeuthanasiaalsomaybemorallypermissible. ButtraditionalistslikeprofessorSullivanholdthatactiveeuthanasia--thedirectkillingofpatients--isnotmorallypermissible;soifmyargumentissoundtheirviewmustbemistaken.Icannotagreethenthatmyargument"leavethetraditionalpositionuntouched." HoweverIshallnotpressthispoint.InsteadIshallpresentsomefurtherargumentsagainstthetraditionalpositionconcentratingonthoseelementsofthepositionwhichprofessorSullivanhimselfthinksmostimportant.Accordingtohimwhatisimportantisfirstthatweshouldneverintentionallyterminatethelifeofapatienteitherbyactionoromissionandsecondthatwemayceaseoromittreatmentofapatientknowingthatthiswillresultindeathonlyifthemeansoftreatmentinvolvedareextraordinary. AccordingtotheauthortheviewsheldbytraditionalorthodoxCatholicsoneuthanasiais
西周时期以血缘为纽带把政权与族权结合起来的制度是
Asoneworkswithcolorinapracticalorexperimentalwayoneisimpressedbytwoapparentlyunrelatedfacts.Colorasseenisamobilechangeablething1toalargeextentontherelationshipofthecolor2othercolors3simultaneously.Itisnot4initsrelationtothedirectstimuluswhich5it.Ontheotherhandthepropertiesofsurfacesthatgive6tocolordonotseemtochangegreatlyunderawidevarietyofilluminationcolorusuallybutnotalwayslookingmuchthesameinartificiallightasindaylight.Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobe7inlargeparttothemechanismofcolor8. Whentheeyeis9toacoloredareathereisanimmediatereadjustmentofthe10oftheeyetocolorinandaroundthearea11.Thisreadjustmentdoesnotpromptlyaffectthecolorseenbutusuallydoesaffectthenextareatowhichthe12isshifted.Thelongerthetimeofviewingthehigherthe13andthelargertheareathegreatertheeffectwillbe14itspersistenceinthe15viewingsituation.AsindicatedbytheworkofWrightandSchoutenitappearsthatat16forafirstapproximationfulladaptationtakesplaceover17timeiftheadaptingsourceismoderatelybrightandtheeyehasbeenin18darknessjustpreviously.Also19ofthepersistenceoftheeffectiftheeyeisshiftedaroundfromoneobjecttoanotherallofwhichareatsimilarbrightnessorhavesimilarcolorstheadaptationwilltendtobecome20overthewholeeye. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
Asoneworkswithcolorinapracticalorexperimentalwayoneisimpressedbytwoapparentlyunrelatedfacts.Colorasseenisamobilechangeablething1toalargeextentontherelationshipofthecolor2othercolors3simultaneously.Itisnot4initsrelationtothedirectstimuluswhich5it.Ontheotherhandthepropertiesofsurfacesthatgive6tocolordonotseemtochangegreatlyunderawidevarietyofilluminationcolorusuallybutnotalwayslookingmuchthesameinartificiallightasindaylight.Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobe7inlargeparttothemechanismofcolor8. Whentheeyeis9toacoloredareathereisanimmediatereadjustmentofthe10oftheeyetocolorinandaroundthearea11.Thisreadjustmentdoesnotpromptlyaffectthecolorseenbutusuallydoesaffectthenextareatowhichthe12isshifted.Thelongerthetimeofviewingthehigherthe13andthelargertheareathegreatertheeffectwillbe14itspersistenceinthe15viewingsituation.AsindicatedbytheworkofWrightandSchoutenitappearsthatat16forafirstapproximationfulladaptationtakesplaceover17timeiftheadaptingsourceismoderatelybrightandtheeyehasbeenin18darknessjustpreviously.Also19ofthepersistenceoftheeffectiftheeyeisshiftedaroundfromoneobjecttoanotherallofwhichareatsimilarbrightnessorhavesimilarcolorstheadaptationwilltendtobecome20overthewholeeye. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportionsripsintothepopulacescientistsimmediatelygettoworktryingtolocatethesourceoftheafflictionandfindwaystocombatit.Oftentimessuccessisachievedasmedicalscienceisabletoisolatetheparasitegermorcellthatcausestheproblemandfindswaystoeffectivelykillorcontainit.Inthemostseriousofcasesinwhichtheentirepopulationofaregionorcountrymaybeatgraveriskitisdeemednecessarytoprotecttheentirepopulationthroughvaccinationsoastosafeguardlivesandensurethatthediseasewillnotspread. Theprocessofvaccinationallowsthepatient’sbodytodevelopimmunitytothevirusordiseasesothatifitisencounteredonecanwarditoffnaturally.Toaccomplishthisasmallweakordeadstrainofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolledenvironmentsothathisbody’simmunesystemcanlearntofighttheinvaderproperly.Informationonhowtopenetratethedisease’sdefensesistransmittedtoallelementsofthepatient’simmunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnaturallyinwhichgeneticinformationispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethatshouldthepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblemhisbodyiswellequippedandtrainedtodealwithithavingalreadydonesobefore. Therearedangersinherentintheprocesshowever.Onoccasioneventheweakenedversionofthediseasecontainedinthevaccineprovestoomuchforthebodytohandleresultingintheimmunesystemsuccumbingandthereforethepatient’sdeath.SuchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccinedesignedtoeradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearlywipedouttheentireNativeAmericanpopulationandkilledmassivenumbersofsettlers.Approximately1in10000peoplewhoreceivesthevaccinecontractthesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddiesfromit.ThusiftheentirepopulationoftheUnitedStatesweretoreceivetheSmallpoxVaccinetoday3000Americanswouldbeleftdead. Fortunatelythesmallpoxviruswasconsiderederadicatedintheearly1970’sendingthemandatoryvaccinationofallbabiesinAmerica.Intheeventofareintroductionofthediseasehowevermandatoryvaccinationsmayresumeresultinginmoreunexpecteddeathsfromvaccination.Theprocesswhichistrulyamixedblessingmayindeedhidesomehiddencurses. Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe
我国__规定全国人民代表大会代表受的监督
Inthenextcenturywe’llbeabletoalterourDNAradicallyencodingourvisionsandvanitieswhileconcoctingnewlife-forms.WhenDr.Frankensteinmadehismonsterhewrestledwiththemoralissueofwhetherheshouldallowittoreproduce"HadItherightformyownbenefittoinflictthecurseuponeverlastinggenerations"Willsuchquestionsrequireustodevelopnewmoralphilosophies Probablynot.Insteadwe’llreachagainforatime-testedmoralconceptonesometimescalledtheGoldenRuleandwhichKantthemillennium’smostprudentmoralistconjuredupintoacategoricalimperative:Dountoothersasyouwouldhavethemdountoyou;treateachpersonasanindividualratherthanasameanstosomeend. Underthismoralpreceptweshouldrecoilathumancloningbecauseitinevitablyentailsusinghumansasmeanstootherhumans’endsandvaluingthemascopiesofotherswelovedorascollectionsofbodypartsnotasindividualsintheirownright.WeshouldalsodrawalinehoweverfuzzythatwouldpermitusinggeneticengineeringtocurediseasesanddisabilitiesbutnottochangethepersonalattributesthatmakesomeoneanindividualIQphysicalappearancegenderandsexuality. Thebiotechagewillalsogiveusmorereasontoguardourpersonalprivacy.AldousHuxleyinBraveNewWorldgotitwrong:ratherthancentralizingpowerinthehandsofthestateDNAtechnologyhasempoweredindividualsandfamilies.Butthestatewillhaveanimportantrolemakingsurethatnooneincludinginsurancecompaniescanlookatourgeneticdatawithoutourpermissionoruseittodiscriminateagainstus. Thenwecangetreadyforthebreakthroughsthatcouldcomeattheendofthenextcenturyandthetechnologyiscomparabletomappingourgenes:plottingthe10billionormoreneuronsofourbrain.Withthatinformationwemightsomedaybeabletocreateartificialintelligencesthatthinkandexperienceconsciousnessinwaysthatareindistinguishablefromahumanbrain.Eventuallywemightbeabletoreplicateourownmindsina"dry-ware"machinesothatwecouldliveonwithoutthe"wet-ware"ofabiologicalbrainandbody.The20thcentury’srevolutionininfotechnologywilltherebymergewiththe21stcentury’srevolutioninbiotechnology.Butthisissciencefiction.Let’sturnthepagenowandgetbacktorealscience. Accordingtothelastparagraphdry-wareistowet-wareas
Directions: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.I nthesetimeswhenmarketforcesappearincreasinglycomplicatedandmorevolatileitisallthemoreimportanttounderstandtheprofessionaljargonandterminologyinthemarketplaceinordertobeabletobettermakeourinvestmentandbusinessdecisions.Understandingkeyeconomicindicatorswillassistinthedecisionmakingprocessprovidingasnapshotofthecurrentsituationandaninsightintothefuture. 46Eacheconomicindicatortellsussomethingabouttheeconomyorinflation.GrossDomesticProductGDPisprobablythemostimportantreportasitisthewholeframeworkwhereothereconomicindicatorsfallunder. Therearealsoindicatorsthatarebroadertellusabouttheeconomyitselfratherthanthecomponentse.g.employmentfiguresleadingindicatorsmoneysupplyfiguresM3.InflationfiguresProducePriceIndexPPIandtheConsumerPriceIndexCPIwillinshortinformusofthechangesinwholesalepricescostofconsumerretailgoodsandservicesrespectively. Anindicatorthatisusefulmustbeaccuratetimelyandreliable.Itdependsentirelyontheintegrityofthenationalstatisticalsystemresponsible.Itisvitaltoknowtheaccuratecomponentsofanindicator.Wehavetobemindfulofthelimitationofthesestatisticalfigurestoo. Someindicatorscanbehistoricorextremelyvolatileandthereforetheirvaluesarereduced.Itisbettertocomparethemostrecentdatawithearliermonthsortakeamovingaverageforthepast36or12monthstosmooththedata.Itwilltellusiftherehasbeenasignificantchangeintrendandwhetheranewdirectionisunderway. Timelinessofanindicatorisalsosignificant.47Althoughthereportedfiguresareimportantitiscrucialtorecognizethatmarketsreactmoretothevariancetotheconsensusforecastthantotheabsolutechangeintheindicator.48Marketsdonotlikesurprisesandcanbefrustratedwithvolatilityuponsubsequentrevisionstothenumberspublishedeventhoughsignificanceoftheabsolutenumberdiminisheswitheachpassingmonth. TheIndexofLeadingEconomicIndicatorsL.E.IintheUSactsasanearlywarningsystemtellinguswhentheeconomyisabouttochangedirection.49Thiscompositeindexof11leadingindicatorshasagoodrecordofprovidingaccurateforecasts.Thetotalindexperformsbetterasapredictiontoolthananyofitsparts.Thismonthlyfigureisavailableonthelastbusinessdayofthemonthandhaslowvolatility. 50AsageneralruleturningpointsintheeconomyaresignaledbythreeconsecutivemonthsofL.E.Ichangesinthesamedirection.Thisleadingindicatorislikealighthousegivingtherestoftheworldeconomiesaglimpseofthedirectionofthe’world’slargesteconomy. Thiscompositeindexof11leadingindicatorshasagoodrecordofprovidingaccurateforecasts.Thetotalindexperformsbetterasapredictiontoolthananyofitsparts
Asoneworkswithcolorinapracticalorexperimentalwayoneisimpressedbytwoapparentlyunrelatedfacts.Colorasseenisamobilechangeablething1toalargeextentontherelationshipofthecolor2othercolors3simultaneously.Itisnot4initsrelationtothedirectstimuluswhich5it.Ontheotherhandthepropertiesofsurfacesthatgive6tocolordonotseemtochangegreatlyunderawidevarietyofilluminationcolorusuallybutnotalwayslookingmuchthesameinartificiallightasindaylight.Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobe7inlargeparttothemechanismofcolor8. Whentheeyeis9toacoloredareathereisanimmediatereadjustmentofthe10oftheeyetocolorinandaroundthearea11.Thisreadjustmentdoesnotpromptlyaffectthecolorseenbutusuallydoesaffectthenextareatowhichthe12isshifted.Thelongerthetimeofviewingthehigherthe13andthelargertheareathegreatertheeffectwillbe14itspersistenceinthe15viewingsituation.AsindicatedbytheworkofWrightandSchoutenitappearsthatat16forafirstapproximationfulladaptationtakesplaceover17timeiftheadaptingsourceismoderatelybrightandtheeyehasbeenin18darknessjustpreviously.Also19ofthepersistenceoftheeffectiftheeyeisshiftedaroundfromoneobjecttoanotherallofwhichareatsimilarbrightnessorhavesimilarcolorstheadaptationwilltendtobecome20overthewholeeye. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
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