拔罐法古称( )

查看本题答案

包含此试题的试卷

国家统考科目《单选题》真题及答案点击查看

你可能感兴趣的试题

治疗丹毒首选的拔罐法是

留罐法走罐法留针拔罐法刺血拔罐法闪罐法

拔罐法古称

拔火罐角法吸筒疗法排脓疗法排气疗法

拔罐的方法有

留罐法走罐法闪罐法刺血拔罐法留针拔罐法

拔罐法古称

吸血疗法吸脓疗法排气疗法角法闪法

热门试题

Inthenextcenturywe’llbeabletoalterourDNAradicallyencodingourvisionsandvanitieswhileconcoctingnewlife-forms.WhenDr.Frankensteinmadehismonsterhewrestledwiththemoralissueofwhetherheshouldallowittoreproduce"HadItherightformyownbenefittoinflictthecurseuponeverlastinggenerations"Willsuchquestionsrequireustodevelopnewmoralphilosophies Probablynot.Insteadwe’llreachagainforatime-testedmoralconceptonesometimescalledtheGoldenRuleandwhichKantthemillennium’smostprudentmoralistconjuredupintoacategoricalimperative:Dountoothersasyouwouldhavethemdountoyou;treateachpersonasanindividualratherthanasameanstosomeend. Underthismoralpreceptweshouldrecoilathumancloningbecauseitinevitablyentailsusinghumansasmeanstootherhumans’endsandvaluingthemascopiesofotherswelovedorascollectionsofbodypartsnotasindividualsintheirownright.WeshouldalsodrawalinehoweverfuzzythatwouldpermitusinggeneticengineeringtocurediseasesanddisabilitiesbutnottochangethepersonalattributesthatmakesomeoneanindividualIQphysicalappearancegenderandsexuality. Thebiotechagewillalsogiveusmorereasontoguardourpersonalprivacy.AldousHuxleyinBraveNewWorldgotitwrong:ratherthancentralizingpowerinthehandsofthestateDNAtechnologyhasempoweredindividualsandfamilies.Butthestatewillhaveanimportantrolemakingsurethatnooneincludinginsurancecompaniescanlookatourgeneticdatawithoutourpermissionoruseittodiscriminateagainstus. Thenwecangetreadyforthebreakthroughsthatcouldcomeattheendofthenextcenturyandthetechnologyiscomparabletomappingourgenes:plottingthe10billionormoreneuronsofourbrain.Withthatinformationwemightsomedaybeabletocreateartificialintelligencesthatthinkandexperienceconsciousnessinwaysthatareindistinguishablefromahumanbrain.Eventuallywemightbeabletoreplicateourownmindsina"dry-ware"machinesothatwecouldliveonwithoutthe"wet-ware"ofabiologicalbrainandbody.The20thcentury’srevolutionininfotechnologywilltherebymergewiththe21stcentury’srevolutioninbiotechnology.Butthisissciencefiction.Let’sturnthepagenowandgetbacktorealscience. Judgedfromtheinformationinthelastparagraphwecanpredictthattheauthorislikelytowritewhichofthefollowinginthenextsection
Asoneworkswithcolorinapracticalorexperimentalwayoneisimpressedbytwoapparentlyunrelatedfacts.Colorasseenisamobilechangeablething1toalargeextentontherelationshipofthecolor2othercolors3simultaneously.Itisnot4initsrelationtothedirectstimuluswhich5it.Ontheotherhandthepropertiesofsurfacesthatgive6tocolordonotseemtochangegreatlyunderawidevarietyofilluminationcolorusuallybutnotalwayslookingmuchthesameinartificiallightasindaylight.Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobe7inlargeparttothemechanismofcolor8. Whentheeyeis9toacoloredareathereisanimmediatereadjustmentofthe10oftheeyetocolorinandaroundthearea11.Thisreadjustmentdoesnotpromptlyaffectthecolorseenbutusuallydoesaffectthenextareatowhichthe12isshifted.Thelongerthetimeofviewingthehigherthe13andthelargertheareathegreatertheeffectwillbe14itspersistenceinthe15viewingsituation.AsindicatedbytheworkofWrightandSchoutenitappearsthatat16forafirstapproximationfulladaptationtakesplaceover17timeiftheadaptingsourceismoderatelybrightandtheeyehasbeenin18darknessjustpreviously.Also19ofthepersistenceoftheeffectiftheeyeisshiftedaroundfromoneobjecttoanotherallofwhichareatsimilarbrightnessorhavesimilarcolorstheadaptationwilltendtobecome20overthewholeeye. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.14
Asoneworkswithcolorinapracticalorexperimentalwayoneisimpressedbytwoapparentlyunrelatedfacts.Colorasseenisamobilechangeablething1toalargeextentontherelationshipofthecolor2othercolors3simultaneously.Itisnot4initsrelationtothedirectstimuluswhich5it.Ontheotherhandthepropertiesofsurfacesthatgive6tocolordonotseemtochangegreatlyunderawidevarietyofilluminationcolorusuallybutnotalwayslookingmuchthesameinartificiallightasindaylight.Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobe7inlargeparttothemechanismofcolor8. Whentheeyeis9toacoloredareathereisanimmediatereadjustmentofthe10oftheeyetocolorinandaroundthearea11.Thisreadjustmentdoesnotpromptlyaffectthecolorseenbutusuallydoesaffectthenextareatowhichthe12isshifted.Thelongerthetimeofviewingthehigherthe13andthelargertheareathegreatertheeffectwillbe14itspersistenceinthe15viewingsituation.AsindicatedbytheworkofWrightandSchoutenitappearsthatat16forafirstapproximationfulladaptationtakesplaceover17timeiftheadaptingsourceismoderatelybrightandtheeyehasbeenin18darknessjustpreviously.Also19ofthepersistenceoftheeffectiftheeyeisshiftedaroundfromoneobjecttoanotherallofwhichareatsimilarbrightnessorhavesimilarcolorstheadaptationwilltendtobecome20overthewholeeye. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.8
Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportionsripsintothepopulacescientistsimmediatelygettoworktryingtolocatethesourceoftheafflictionandfindwaystocombatit.Oftentimessuccessisachievedasmedicalscienceisabletoisolatetheparasitegermorcellthatcausestheproblemandfindswaystoeffectivelykillorcontainit.Inthemostseriousofcasesinwhichtheentirepopulationofaregionorcountrymaybeatgraveriskitisdeemednecessarytoprotecttheentirepopulationthroughvaccinationsoastosafeguardlivesandensurethatthediseasewillnotspread. Theprocessofvaccinationallowsthepatient’sbodytodevelopimmunitytothevirusordiseasesothatifitisencounteredonecanwarditoffnaturally.Toaccomplishthisasmallweakordeadstrainofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolledenvironmentsothathisbody’simmunesystemcanlearntofighttheinvaderproperly.Informationonhowtopenetratethedisease’sdefensesistransmittedtoallelementsofthepatient’simmunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnaturallyinwhichgeneticinformationispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethatshouldthepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblemhisbodyiswellequippedandtrainedtodealwithithavingalreadydonesobefore. Therearedangersinherentintheprocesshowever.Onoccasioneventheweakenedversionofthediseasecontainedinthevaccineprovestoomuchforthebodytohandleresultingintheimmunesystemsuccumbingandthereforethepatient’sdeath.SuchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccinedesignedtoeradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearlywipedouttheentireNativeAmericanpopulationandkilledmassivenumbersofsettlers.Approximately1in10000peoplewhoreceivesthevaccinecontractthesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddiesfromit.ThusiftheentirepopulationoftheUnitedStatesweretoreceivetheSmallpoxVaccinetoday3000Americanswouldbeleftdead. Fortunatelythesmallpoxviruswasconsiderederadicatedintheearly1970’sendingthemandatoryvaccinationofallbabiesinAmerica.Intheeventofareintroductionofthediseasehowevermandatoryvaccinationsmayresumeresultinginmoreunexpecteddeathsfromvaccination.Theprocesswhichistrulyamixedblessingmayindeedhidesomehiddencurses. Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext
Directions: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.I nthesetimeswhenmarketforcesappearincreasinglycomplicatedandmorevolatileitisallthemoreimportanttounderstandtheprofessionaljargonandterminologyinthemarketplaceinordertobeabletobettermakeourinvestmentandbusinessdecisions.Understandingkeyeconomicindicatorswillassistinthedecisionmakingprocessprovidingasnapshotofthecurrentsituationandaninsightintothefuture. 46Eacheconomicindicatortellsussomethingabouttheeconomyorinflation.GrossDomesticProductGDPisprobablythemostimportantreportasitisthewholeframeworkwhereothereconomicindicatorsfallunder. Therearealsoindicatorsthatarebroadertellusabouttheeconomyitselfratherthanthecomponentse.g.employmentfiguresleadingindicatorsmoneysupplyfiguresM3.InflationfiguresProducePriceIndexPPIandtheConsumerPriceIndexCPIwillinshortinformusofthechangesinwholesalepricescostofconsumerretailgoodsandservicesrespectively. Anindicatorthatisusefulmustbeaccuratetimelyandreliable.Itdependsentirelyontheintegrityofthenationalstatisticalsystemresponsible.Itisvitaltoknowtheaccuratecomponentsofanindicator.Wehavetobemindfulofthelimitationofthesestatisticalfigurestoo. Someindicatorscanbehistoricorextremelyvolatileandthereforetheirvaluesarereduced.Itisbettertocomparethemostrecentdatawithearliermonthsortakeamovingaverageforthepast36or12monthstosmooththedata.Itwilltellusiftherehasbeenasignificantchangeintrendandwhetheranewdirectionisunderway. Timelinessofanindicatorisalsosignificant.47Althoughthereportedfiguresareimportantitiscrucialtorecognizethatmarketsreactmoretothevariancetotheconsensusforecastthantotheabsolutechangeintheindicator.48Marketsdonotlikesurprisesandcanbefrustratedwithvolatilityuponsubsequentrevisionstothenumberspublishedeventhoughsignificanceoftheabsolutenumberdiminisheswitheachpassingmonth. TheIndexofLeadingEconomicIndicatorsL.E.IintheUSactsasanearlywarningsystemtellinguswhentheeconomyisabouttochangedirection.49Thiscompositeindexof11leadingindicatorshasagoodrecordofprovidingaccurateforecasts.Thetotalindexperformsbetterasapredictiontoolthananyofitsparts.Thismonthlyfigureisavailableonthelastbusinessdayofthemonthandhaslowvolatility. 50AsageneralruleturningpointsintheeconomyaresignaledbythreeconsecutivemonthsofL.E.Ichangesinthesamedirection.Thisleadingindicatorislikealighthousegivingtherestoftheworldeconomiesaglimpseofthedirectionofthe’world’slargesteconomy. Eacheconomicindicatortellsussomethingabouttheeconomyorinflation.GrossDomesticProductGDPisprobablythemostimportantreportasitisthewholeframeworkwhereothereconomicindicatorsfallunder.
Asoneworkswithcolorinapracticalorexperimentalwayoneisimpressedbytwoapparentlyunrelatedfacts.Colorasseenisamobilechangeablething1toalargeextentontherelationshipofthecolor2othercolors3simultaneously.Itisnot4initsrelationtothedirectstimuluswhich5it.Ontheotherhandthepropertiesofsurfacesthatgive6tocolordonotseemtochangegreatlyunderawidevarietyofilluminationcolorusuallybutnotalwayslookingmuchthesameinartificiallightasindaylight.Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobe7inlargeparttothemechanismofcolor8. Whentheeyeis9toacoloredareathereisanimmediatereadjustmentofthe10oftheeyetocolorinandaroundthearea11.Thisreadjustmentdoesnotpromptlyaffectthecolorseenbutusuallydoesaffectthenextareatowhichthe12isshifted.Thelongerthetimeofviewingthehigherthe13andthelargertheareathegreatertheeffectwillbe14itspersistenceinthe15viewingsituation.AsindicatedbytheworkofWrightandSchoutenitappearsthatat16forafirstapproximationfulladaptationtakesplaceover17timeiftheadaptingsourceismoderatelybrightandtheeyehasbeenin18darknessjustpreviously.Also19ofthepersistenceoftheeffectiftheeyeisshiftedaroundfromoneobjecttoanotherallofwhichareatsimilarbrightnessorhavesimilarcolorstheadaptationwilltendtobecome20overthewholeeye. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10
Euthanasiaisclearlyadeliberateandintentionalaspectofakilling.Takingahumanlifeevenwithsubtleritesandconsentofthepartyinvolvedisbarbaric.Noonecanjustlykillanotherhumanbeing.Justasitiswrongforaserialkillertomurderitiswrongforaphysiciantodosoaswellnomatterwhatthemotivefordoingsomaybe. ManythinkersincludingalmostallorthodoxCatholicsbelievethateuthanasiaisimmoral.Theyopposekillingpatientsinanycircumstanceswhatever.Howevertheythinkitisallrightinsomespecialcircumstancestoallowpatientstodiebywithholdingtreatment.TheAmericanMedicalAssociation’spolicystatementonmercykillingsupportsthistraditionalview.Inmypaper"ActiveandPassiveEuthanasia"Iargueagainstthetraditionalviewthatthereisinfactnonormaldifferencebetweenkillingandlettingdie--ifoneispermissiblethensoistheother. ProfessorSullivandoesnotdisputemyargument;insteadhedismissesitasirrelevant.Thetraditionaldoctrinehesaysdoesnotappealtoordependonthedistinctionbetweenkillingandlettingdie.Thereforeargumentsagainstthatdistinction"leavethetraditionalpositionuntouched." IsmyargumentreallyirrelevantIdon’tseehowitcanbe.AsSullivanhimselfpointsoutnearlyeveryoneholdsthatitissometimesmeaninglesstoprolongtheprocessofdyingandthatinthosecasesitismorallypermissibletoletapatientdieeventhoughafewmorehoursordayscouldbesavedbyproceduresthatwouldalsoincreasetheagoniesofthedying.Butifitisimpossibletodefendageneraldistinctionbetweenlettingpeopledieandactingtoterminatetheirlivesdirectlythenitwouldseemthatactiveeuthanasiaalsomaybemorallypermissible. ButtraditionalistslikeprofessorSullivanholdthatactiveeuthanasia--thedirectkillingofpatients--isnotmorallypermissible;soifmyargumentissoundtheirviewmustbemistaken.Icannotagreethenthatmyargument"leavethetraditionalpositionuntouched." HoweverIshallnotpressthispoint.InsteadIshallpresentsomefurtherargumentsagainstthetraditionalpositionconcentratingonthoseelementsofthepositionwhichprofessorSullivanhimselfthinksmostimportant.Accordingtohimwhatisimportantisfirstthatweshouldneverintentionallyterminatethelifeofapatienteitherbyactionoromissionandsecondthatwemayceaseoromittreatmentofapatientknowingthatthiswillresultindeathonlyifthemeansoftreatmentinvolvedareextraordinary. Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassageis
Euthanasiaisclearlyadeliberateandintentionalaspectofakilling.Takingahumanlifeevenwithsubtleritesandconsentofthepartyinvolvedisbarbaric.Noonecanjustlykillanotherhumanbeing.Justasitiswrongforaserialkillertomurderitiswrongforaphysiciantodosoaswellnomatterwhatthemotivefordoingsomaybe. ManythinkersincludingalmostallorthodoxCatholicsbelievethateuthanasiaisimmoral.Theyopposekillingpatientsinanycircumstanceswhatever.Howevertheythinkitisallrightinsomespecialcircumstancestoallowpatientstodiebywithholdingtreatment.TheAmericanMedicalAssociation’spolicystatementonmercykillingsupportsthistraditionalview.Inmypaper"ActiveandPassiveEuthanasia"Iargueagainstthetraditionalviewthatthereisinfactnonormaldifferencebetweenkillingandlettingdie--ifoneispermissiblethensoistheother. ProfessorSullivandoesnotdisputemyargument;insteadhedismissesitasirrelevant.Thetraditionaldoctrinehesaysdoesnotappealtoordependonthedistinctionbetweenkillingandlettingdie.Thereforeargumentsagainstthatdistinction"leavethetraditionalpositionuntouched." IsmyargumentreallyirrelevantIdon’tseehowitcanbe.AsSullivanhimselfpointsoutnearlyeveryoneholdsthatitissometimesmeaninglesstoprolongtheprocessofdyingandthatinthosecasesitismorallypermissibletoletapatientdieeventhoughafewmorehoursordayscouldbesavedbyproceduresthatwouldalsoincreasetheagoniesofthedying.Butifitisimpossibletodefendageneraldistinctionbetweenlettingpeopledieandactingtoterminatetheirlivesdirectlythenitwouldseemthatactiveeuthanasiaalsomaybemorallypermissible. ButtraditionalistslikeprofessorSullivanholdthatactiveeuthanasia--thedirectkillingofpatients--isnotmorallypermissible;soifmyargumentissoundtheirviewmustbemistaken.Icannotagreethenthatmyargument"leavethetraditionalpositionuntouched." HoweverIshallnotpressthispoint.InsteadIshallpresentsomefurtherargumentsagainstthetraditionalpositionconcentratingonthoseelementsofthepositionwhichprofessorSullivanhimselfthinksmostimportant.Accordingtohimwhatisimportantisfirstthatweshouldneverintentionallyterminatethelifeofapatienteitherbyactionoromissionandsecondthatwemayceaseoromittreatmentofapatientknowingthatthiswillresultindeathonlyifthemeansoftreatmentinvolvedareextraordinary. WhichofthefollowingbestdefinesthewordomissionParagraph6
Euthanasiaisclearlyadeliberateandintentionalaspectofakilling.Takingahumanlifeevenwithsubtleritesandconsentofthepartyinvolvedisbarbaric.Noonecanjustlykillanotherhumanbeing.Justasitiswrongforaserialkillertomurderitiswrongforaphysiciantodosoaswellnomatterwhatthemotivefordoingsomaybe. ManythinkersincludingalmostallorthodoxCatholicsbelievethateuthanasiaisimmoral.Theyopposekillingpatientsinanycircumstanceswhatever.Howevertheythinkitisallrightinsomespecialcircumstancestoallowpatientstodiebywithholdingtreatment.TheAmericanMedicalAssociation’spolicystatementonmercykillingsupportsthistraditionalview.Inmypaper"ActiveandPassiveEuthanasia"Iargueagainstthetraditionalviewthatthereisinfactnonormaldifferencebetweenkillingandlettingdie--ifoneispermissiblethensoistheother. ProfessorSullivandoesnotdisputemyargument;insteadhedismissesitasirrelevant.Thetraditionaldoctrinehesaysdoesnotappealtoordependonthedistinctionbetweenkillingandlettingdie.Thereforeargumentsagainstthatdistinction"leavethetraditionalpositionuntouched." IsmyargumentreallyirrelevantIdon’tseehowitcanbe.AsSullivanhimselfpointsoutnearlyeveryoneholdsthatitissometimesmeaninglesstoprolongtheprocessofdyingandthatinthosecasesitismorallypermissibletoletapatientdieeventhoughafewmorehoursordayscouldbesavedbyproceduresthatwouldalsoincreasetheagoniesofthedying.Butifitisimpossibletodefendageneraldistinctionbetweenlettingpeopledieandactingtoterminatetheirlivesdirectlythenitwouldseemthatactiveeuthanasiaalsomaybemorallypermissible. ButtraditionalistslikeprofessorSullivanholdthatactiveeuthanasia--thedirectkillingofpatients--isnotmorallypermissible;soifmyargumentissoundtheirviewmustbemistaken.Icannotagreethenthatmyargument"leavethetraditionalpositionuntouched." HoweverIshallnotpressthispoint.InsteadIshallpresentsomefurtherargumentsagainstthetraditionalpositionconcentratingonthoseelementsofthepositionwhichprofessorSullivanhimselfthinksmostimportant.Accordingtohimwhatisimportantisfirstthatweshouldneverintentionallyterminatethelifeofapatienteitherbyactionoromissionandsecondthatwemayceaseoromittreatmentofapatientknowingthatthiswillresultindeathonlyifthemeansoftreatmentinvolvedareextraordinary. Itseemsthatthewriterismostconcernedabout
Asoneworkswithcolorinapracticalorexperimentalwayoneisimpressedbytwoapparentlyunrelatedfacts.Colorasseenisamobilechangeablething1toalargeextentontherelationshipofthecolor2othercolors3simultaneously.Itisnot4initsrelationtothedirectstimuluswhich5it.Ontheotherhandthepropertiesofsurfacesthatgive6tocolordonotseemtochangegreatlyunderawidevarietyofilluminationcolorusuallybutnotalwayslookingmuchthesameinartificiallightasindaylight.Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobe7inlargeparttothemechanismofcolor8. Whentheeyeis9toacoloredareathereisanimmediatereadjustmentofthe10oftheeyetocolorinandaroundthearea11.Thisreadjustmentdoesnotpromptlyaffectthecolorseenbutusuallydoesaffectthenextareatowhichthe12isshifted.Thelongerthetimeofviewingthehigherthe13andthelargertheareathegreatertheeffectwillbe14itspersistenceinthe15viewingsituation.AsindicatedbytheworkofWrightandSchoutenitappearsthatat16forafirstapproximationfulladaptationtakesplaceover17timeiftheadaptingsourceismoderatelybrightandtheeyehasbeenin18darknessjustpreviously.Also19ofthepersistenceoftheeffectiftheeyeisshiftedaroundfromoneobjecttoanotherallofwhichareatsimilarbrightnessorhavesimilarcolorstheadaptationwilltendtobecome20overthewholeeye. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.2
已知微分方程作变换u=x2+y2w=lnz-x+y其中w=wuv求经过变换后原方程化成的关于wuv的微分方程的形式．
Asoneworkswithcolorinapracticalorexperimentalwayoneisimpressedbytwoapparentlyunrelatedfacts.Colorasseenisamobilechangeablething1toalargeextentontherelationshipofthecolor2othercolors3simultaneously.Itisnot4initsrelationtothedirectstimuluswhich5it.Ontheotherhandthepropertiesofsurfacesthatgive6tocolordonotseemtochangegreatlyunderawidevarietyofilluminationcolorusuallybutnotalwayslookingmuchthesameinartificiallightasindaylight.Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobe7inlargeparttothemechanismofcolor8. Whentheeyeis9toacoloredareathereisanimmediatereadjustmentofthe10oftheeyetocolorinandaroundthearea11.Thisreadjustmentdoesnotpromptlyaffectthecolorseenbutusuallydoesaffectthenextareatowhichthe12isshifted.Thelongerthetimeofviewingthehigherthe13andthelargertheareathegreatertheeffectwillbe14itspersistenceinthe15viewingsituation.AsindicatedbytheworkofWrightandSchoutenitappearsthatat16forafirstapproximationfulladaptationtakesplaceover17timeiftheadaptingsourceismoderatelybrightandtheeyehasbeenin18darknessjustpreviously.Also19ofthepersistenceoftheeffectiftheeyeisshiftedaroundfromoneobjecttoanotherallofwhichareatsimilarbrightnessorhavesimilarcolorstheadaptationwilltendtobecome20overthewholeeye. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.4
当陨石穿过大气层向地面高速坠落时陨石表面与空气摩擦产生的高温使陨石燃烧并不断挥发实验证明陨石挥发的速率即体积减少的速率与陨石表面积成正比现有一陨石是质量均匀的球体且在坠落过程中始终保持球状．若它在进入大气层开始燃烧的前3s内减少了体积的问此陨石完全燃尽需要多少时间
Inthenextcenturywe’llbeabletoalterourDNAradicallyencodingourvisionsandvanitieswhileconcoctingnewlife-forms.WhenDr.Frankensteinmadehismonsterhewrestledwiththemoralissueofwhetherheshouldallowittoreproduce"HadItherightformyownbenefittoinflictthecurseuponeverlastinggenerations"Willsuchquestionsrequireustodevelopnewmoralphilosophies Probablynot.Insteadwe’llreachagainforatime-testedmoralconceptonesometimescalledtheGoldenRuleandwhichKantthemillennium’smostprudentmoralistconjuredupintoacategoricalimperative:Dountoothersasyouwouldhavethemdountoyou;treateachpersonasanindividualratherthanasameanstosomeend. Underthismoralpreceptweshouldrecoilathumancloningbecauseitinevitablyentailsusinghumansasmeanstootherhumans’endsandvaluingthemascopiesofotherswelovedorascollectionsofbodypartsnotasindividualsintheirownright.WeshouldalsodrawalinehoweverfuzzythatwouldpermitusinggeneticengineeringtocurediseasesanddisabilitiesbutnottochangethepersonalattributesthatmakesomeoneanindividualIQphysicalappearancegenderandsexuality. Thebiotechagewillalsogiveusmorereasontoguardourpersonalprivacy.AldousHuxleyinBraveNewWorldgotitwrong:ratherthancentralizingpowerinthehandsofthestateDNAtechnologyhasempoweredindividualsandfamilies.Butthestatewillhaveanimportantrolemakingsurethatnooneincludinginsurancecompaniescanlookatourgeneticdatawithoutourpermissionoruseittodiscriminateagainstus. Thenwecangetreadyforthebreakthroughsthatcouldcomeattheendofthenextcenturyandthetechnologyiscomparabletomappingourgenes:plottingthe10billionormoreneuronsofourbrain.Withthatinformationwemightsomedaybeabletocreateartificialintelligencesthatthinkandexperienceconsciousnessinwaysthatareindistinguishablefromahumanbrain.Eventuallywemightbeabletoreplicateourownmindsina"dry-ware"machinesothatwecouldliveonwithoutthe"wet-ware"ofabiologicalbrainandbody.The20thcentury’srevolutionininfotechnologywilltherebymergewiththe21stcentury’srevolutioninbiotechnology.Butthisissciencefiction.Let’sturnthepagenowandgetbacktorealscience. FromthetextwelearnthatAldousHuxleyisoftheopinionthat
Asoneworkswithcolorinapracticalorexperimentalwayoneisimpressedbytwoapparentlyunrelatedfacts.Colorasseenisamobilechangeablething1toalargeextentontherelationshipofthecolor2othercolors3simultaneously.Itisnot4initsrelationtothedirectstimuluswhich5it.Ontheotherhandthepropertiesofsurfacesthatgive6tocolordonotseemtochangegreatlyunderawidevarietyofilluminationcolorusuallybutnotalwayslookingmuchthesameinartificiallightasindaylight.Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobe7inlargeparttothemechanismofcolor8. Whentheeyeis9toacoloredareathereisanimmediatereadjustmentofthe10oftheeyetocolorinandaroundthearea11.Thisreadjustmentdoesnotpromptlyaffectthecolorseenbutusuallydoesaffectthenextareatowhichthe12isshifted.Thelongerthetimeofviewingthehigherthe13andthelargertheareathegreatertheeffectwillbe14itspersistenceinthe15viewingsituation.AsindicatedbytheworkofWrightandSchoutenitappearsthatat16forafirstapproximationfulladaptationtakesplaceover17timeiftheadaptingsourceismoderatelybrightandtheeyehasbeenin18darknessjustpreviously.Also19ofthepersistenceoftheeffectiftheeyeisshiftedaroundfromoneobjecttoanotherallofwhichareatsimilarbrightnessorhavesimilarcolorstheadaptationwilltendtobecome20overthewholeeye. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.18
计算二重积分其中D={xy|≤xy≤1}．
Asoneworkswithcolorinapracticalorexperimentalwayoneisimpressedbytwoapparentlyunrelatedfacts.Colorasseenisamobilechangeablething1toalargeextentontherelationshipofthecolor2othercolors3simultaneously.Itisnot4initsrelationtothedirectstimuluswhich5it.Ontheotherhandthepropertiesofsurfacesthatgive6tocolordonotseemtochangegreatlyunderawidevarietyofilluminationcolorusuallybutnotalwayslookingmuchthesameinartificiallightasindaylight.Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobe7inlargeparttothemechanismofcolor8. Whentheeyeis9toacoloredareathereisanimmediatereadjustmentofthe10oftheeyetocolorinandaroundthearea11.Thisreadjustmentdoesnotpromptlyaffectthecolorseenbutusuallydoesaffectthenextareatowhichthe12isshifted.Thelongerthetimeofviewingthehigherthe13andthelargertheareathegreatertheeffectwillbe14itspersistenceinthe15viewingsituation.AsindicatedbytheworkofWrightandSchoutenitappearsthatat16forafirstapproximationfulladaptationtakesplaceover17timeiftheadaptingsourceismoderatelybrightandtheeyehasbeenin18darknessjustpreviously.Also19ofthepersistenceoftheeffectiftheeyeisshiftedaroundfromoneobjecttoanotherallofwhichareatsimilarbrightnessorhavesimilarcolorstheadaptationwilltendtobecome20overthewholeeye. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.20
Directions: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.I nthesetimeswhenmarketforcesappearincreasinglycomplicatedandmorevolatileitisallthemoreimportanttounderstandtheprofessionaljargonandterminologyinthemarketplaceinordertobeabletobettermakeourinvestmentandbusinessdecisions.Understandingkeyeconomicindicatorswillassistinthedecisionmakingprocessprovidingasnapshotofthecurrentsituationandaninsightintothefuture. 46Eacheconomicindicatortellsussomethingabouttheeconomyorinflation.GrossDomesticProductGDPisprobablythemostimportantreportasitisthewholeframeworkwhereothereconomicindicatorsfallunder. Therearealsoindicatorsthatarebroadertellusabouttheeconomyitselfratherthanthecomponentse.g.employmentfiguresleadingindicatorsmoneysupplyfiguresM3.InflationfiguresProducePriceIndexPPIandtheConsumerPriceIndexCPIwillinshortinformusofthechangesinwholesalepricescostofconsumerretailgoodsandservicesrespectively. Anindicatorthatisusefulmustbeaccuratetimelyandreliable.Itdependsentirelyontheintegrityofthenationalstatisticalsystemresponsible.Itisvitaltoknowtheaccuratecomponentsofanindicator.Wehavetobemindfulofthelimitationofthesestatisticalfigurestoo. Someindicatorscanbehistoricorextremelyvolatileandthereforetheirvaluesarereduced.Itisbettertocomparethemostrecentdatawithearliermonthsortakeamovingaverageforthepast36or12monthstosmooththedata.Itwilltellusiftherehasbeenasignificantchangeintrendandwhetheranewdirectionisunderway. Timelinessofanindicatorisalsosignificant.47Althoughthereportedfiguresareimportantitiscrucialtorecognizethatmarketsreactmoretothevariancetotheconsensusforecastthantotheabsolutechangeintheindicator.48Marketsdonotlikesurprisesandcanbefrustratedwithvolatilityuponsubsequentrevisionstothenumberspublishedeventhoughsignificanceoftheabsolutenumberdiminisheswitheachpassingmonth. TheIndexofLeadingEconomicIndicatorsL.E.IintheUSactsasanearlywarningsystemtellinguswhentheeconomyisabouttochangedirection.49Thiscompositeindexof11leadingindicatorshasagoodrecordofprovidingaccurateforecasts.Thetotalindexperformsbetterasapredictiontoolthananyofitsparts.Thismonthlyfigureisavailableonthelastbusinessdayofthemonthandhaslowvolatility. 50AsageneralruleturningpointsintheeconomyaresignaledbythreeconsecutivemonthsofL.E.Ichangesinthesamedirection.Thisleadingindicatorislikealighthousegivingtherestoftheworldeconomiesaglimpseofthedirectionofthe’world’slargesteconomy. AsageneralruleturningpointsintheeconomyaresignaledbythreeconsecutivemonthsofL.E.Ichangesinthesamedirection.Thisleadingindicatorislikealighthousegivingtherestoftheworldeconomiesaglimpseofthedirectionofthe’world’slargesteconomy.
Directions. A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan160-200words. B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow: 1Interpretthefollowingpicture 2analyzepossiblereasonsforthissituationand 3suggestcounter-measures.
Asoneworkswithcolorinapracticalorexperimentalwayoneisimpressedbytwoapparentlyunrelatedfacts.Colorasseenisamobilechangeablething1toalargeextentontherelationshipofthecolor2othercolors3simultaneously.Itisnot4initsrelationtothedirectstimuluswhich5it.Ontheotherhandthepropertiesofsurfacesthatgive6tocolordonotseemtochangegreatlyunderawidevarietyofilluminationcolorusuallybutnotalwayslookingmuchthesameinartificiallightasindaylight.Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobe7inlargeparttothemechanismofcolor8. Whentheeyeis9toacoloredareathereisanimmediatereadjustmentofthe10oftheeyetocolorinandaroundthearea11.Thisreadjustmentdoesnotpromptlyaffectthecolorseenbutusuallydoesaffectthenextareatowhichthe12isshifted.Thelongerthetimeofviewingthehigherthe13andthelargertheareathegreatertheeffectwillbe14itspersistenceinthe15viewingsituation.AsindicatedbytheworkofWrightandSchoutenitappearsthatat16forafirstapproximationfulladaptationtakesplaceover17timeiftheadaptingsourceismoderatelybrightandtheeyehasbeenin18darknessjustpreviously.Also19ofthepersistenceoftheeffectiftheeyeisshiftedaroundfromoneobjecttoanotherallofwhichareatsimilarbrightnessorhavesimilarcolorstheadaptationwilltendtobecome20overthewholeeye. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.16
Asoneworkswithcolorinapracticalorexperimentalwayoneisimpressedbytwoapparentlyunrelatedfacts.Colorasseenisamobilechangeablething1toalargeextentontherelationshipofthecolor2othercolors3simultaneously.Itisnot4initsrelationtothedirectstimuluswhich5it.Ontheotherhandthepropertiesofsurfacesthatgive6tocolordonotseemtochangegreatlyunderawidevarietyofilluminationcolorusuallybutnotalwayslookingmuchthesameinartificiallightasindaylight.Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobe7inlargeparttothemechanismofcolor8. Whentheeyeis9toacoloredareathereisanimmediatereadjustmentofthe10oftheeyetocolorinandaroundthearea11.Thisreadjustmentdoesnotpromptlyaffectthecolorseenbutusuallydoesaffectthenextareatowhichthe12isshifted.Thelongerthetimeofviewingthehigherthe13andthelargertheareathegreatertheeffectwillbe14itspersistenceinthe15viewingsituation.AsindicatedbytheworkofWrightandSchoutenitappearsthatat16forafirstapproximationfulladaptationtakesplaceover17timeiftheadaptingsourceismoderatelybrightandtheeyehasbeenin18darknessjustpreviously.Also19ofthepersistenceoftheeffectiftheeyeisshiftedaroundfromoneobjecttoanotherallofwhichareatsimilarbrightnessorhavesimilarcolorstheadaptationwilltendtobecome20overthewholeeye. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.6
Directions: Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextabouthappiness.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph41-45.Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Extensiveapplicationsofhaptictechnology. [B]Possibilitiesrenderedbyhapticmechanisms. [C]Thefeasibilityofextendingoursensesandexploringabstractuniverses. [D]Anexampleoftheprogressinscienceofhaptics. [E]Bringingthepotentialofoursensesintofullplay. [F]Willhapticsstepintoabrightfuture "OOOF!"Usingyourmouseyouheaveadatafileacrossthescreen--acoupleofgigabytesofdataweighalot.Itsroughsurfacetellsyouthatitisagraphicsfile.Havingtippedthishugepileofdataintoahopperthatsendsittotherightprogramyouexamineascreenimageoftheforesttrailyou’llbehikingonyourvacation.Thenusingaglovedhandyoumasteritsdetailsbyrunningyourfingersoveritsforksandbendsitssharprisesandfalls.LateryousendanE-mailtoyourbelovedbendingtothedeskpadtoattachakiss. 41.__________. ThescienceofhapticsfromtheGreekhaptesthai"totouch"ismakingthesefantasiesreal.Afewprimitivedevicesareextendinghuman-machinecommunicationbeyondvisionandsound.Hapticjoysticksandsteeringwheelsforcomputergamesarealreadygivinghappyplayerssomeofthesensationsofpilotingaspaceshipdrivingaracingcarorfiringweapons.Intimehapticinterfacesmayallowustomanipulatesinglemoleculesfeelcloudsandgalaxiesevenreachintohigherdimensionstograspthesubtlestructuresofmathematics. 42.__________. Mostofoursensestirepassive.Inhearingandvisionforexamplethesoundorlightissimplyreceivedandanalyzed.Buttouchisdifferent:weactivelyexploreandalterrealitywithourhandssothesameactionthatgathersinformationcanalsochangetheworld--tomodelapieceofclayorpressabuttonforexample.Inprovidingdirectcontactbetweenpeopletouchcarriesemotionalimpact.Andinprovidingdirectcontactwiththeworlditisthesuresignofrealityasin"pinchme--amIdreaming" 43.__________. Somesmallstepshaveevenbeentakentowardswhole-bodyhaptics.TouchTechnologyofNovaScotiaCanadahasbuiltahapticchair.Itlookslikeafull-lengthloungechairinafamilydenbutitssurfaceisstuddedwith72"tactors"-pneumaticpistonrodscoveredwithroundedbuttonsthatcanextendaboutaninchandcanbedrivenundercomputercontrolinanydesiredsequenceandpattern.Itcouldbeprogrammedtoimitatearealmassageortofunctionintimetomusic.Accordingtothemanufacturerthatprovidesapowerfulblendingofsen-sations--along-termgoalofvirtualreality. 44.__________. Evenatitspresentcrudelevelhoweverhapticscanmaketangiblewhatoncecouldnotbetouchedorevenpictured.ToinvestigatetheworldoftheverysmallresearchersattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaChapelHillhavedevelopedthenanoManipulator.Thisaddstouchtothetechniqueofscanningprobemicroscopywhichcanimageasingleatombymonitoringeithertheelectricalcurrentflowingbetweenanextremelyfineprobeandasurfaceortheforcebetweenthem.WiththenanoManipulatorresearcherscanseeandmanipulateauniverseamilliontimessmallerthantheirowntostudyvirusesandtinysemiconductingdevices.Iftheforcefeedbackcanbemadesensitiveenoughitmaybepossibletopushmolecularkeysintospecificmolecularlockstocustom-designdrugsorassemblesiliconpartsintointricatenanomachines.Withotherinterfacesthereisnoreasonweshouldn’talsobeabletotouchtheverylarge-cloudsoceancurrentsmantleflowsmountainsgalaxyclusters.Ortheverystrong--withasuitableforcescalingnewceramicsoralloyscouldbesqueezedandtwangedtotesttheirengineeringproperties.Orthephysicallyextremeandinaccessible--suchasultrahotplasmaflowsinfusionmachines. 45.__________. Haptictechnologycouldevenmakeabstractideastangible.Manyscientificconceptsoccupyspacesofmorethanthreedimensionsstringtheoryfor’exampleassertsthatweliveina10or11-dimensionalUniverse.Asitisimpossibletovisualisesuchaspaceweexploretheseideas’throughmathematicalexpressionsortwodimensionalsketchesonpaper.Butprobingtheseunfamiliargeometrieswithtouchmaybemoreeffective.Andforblindpeoplehapticsoffersanewwaytograspinformationeveninthreedimensions.AgroupattheUniversityofDelawarehasdevelopedanenvironmentwhereapersoncanfeelamathematicalfunction.UsingaPHAN-TOMtheuser"walks"alongthesurfaceofthefigure.Likeahikerfollowingmountainousterraintheuserfeelswherethefunctionissteepwhereitislevelandwhereitspeaksandvalleyslie.OtherhapticsystemscouldhelpblindpeopletobrowsetheInternetfeelingimagesaswellaswords. Thefutureofhapticsisbrightbuttheonlysensualrelationshipitwillbesustaininganytimesoonisbetweenyouandyourcomputer. 44
Asoneworkswithcolorinapracticalorexperimentalwayoneisimpressedbytwoapparentlyunrelatedfacts.Colorasseenisamobilechangeablething1toalargeextentontherelationshipofthecolor2othercolors3simultaneously.Itisnot4initsrelationtothedirectstimuluswhich5it.Ontheotherhandthepropertiesofsurfacesthatgive6tocolordonotseemtochangegreatlyunderawidevarietyofilluminationcolorusuallybutnotalwayslookingmuchthesameinartificiallightasindaylight.Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobe7inlargeparttothemechanismofcolor8. Whentheeyeis9toacoloredareathereisanimmediatereadjustmentofthe10oftheeyetocolorinandaroundthearea11.Thisreadjustmentdoesnotpromptlyaffectthecolorseenbutusuallydoesaffectthenextareatowhichthe12isshifted.Thelongerthetimeofviewingthehigherthe13andthelargertheareathegreatertheeffectwillbe14itspersistenceinthe15viewingsituation.AsindicatedbytheworkofWrightandSchoutenitappearsthatat16forafirstapproximationfulladaptationtakesplaceover17timeiftheadaptingsourceismoderatelybrightandtheeyehasbeenin18darknessjustpreviously.Also19ofthepersistenceoftheeffectiftheeyeisshiftedaroundfromoneobjecttoanotherallofwhichareatsimilarbrightnessorhavesimilarcolorstheadaptationwilltendtobecome20overthewholeeye. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.12
设二次型fx1x2x3=XTAX经过正交变换化为标准形又A*α=α其中α=11-1T．Ⅰ求矩阵AⅡ求正交矩阵Q使得经过正交变换X=QY二次型fx1x2x3=XTAX化为标准形．
Whatoursocietysuffersfrommosttodayistheabsenceofconsensusaboutwhatitandlifeinitoughttobe;suchconsensuscannotbegainedfromsociety’spresentstageorfromfantasiesaboutwhatitoughttobe.Forthatthepresentistoocloseandtoodiversifiedandthefuturetoouncertaintomakebelievableclaimsaboutit.AconsensusinthepresenthencecanbeachievedonlythroughasharedunderstandingofthepastasHomer’sepicsinformedthosewholivedcenturieslaterwhatitmeanttobeGreekandbywhatimagesandidealstheyweretolivetheirlivesandorganizetheirsocieties. Mostsocietiesderiveconsensusfromalonghistoryalanguagealltheirownacommonreligioncommonancestry.Themythsbywhichtheylivearebasedonallofthese.ButtheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrantscomingfromagreatvarietyofnations.LatelyithasbeenemphasizedthatanasocialnarcissisticpersonalityhasbecomecharacteristicofAmericansandthatitisthistypeofpersonalitythatmakesforthelackofwell-beingbecauseitpreventsusfromachievingconsensusthatwouldcounteractatendencytowithdrawintoprivateworlds.InthisstudyofnarcissismChristopherLashsaysthatmodernman"torturedbyself-consciousnessturnstonewtherapiesnottofreehimselfofhispersonalworriesbuttofindmeaningandpurposeinlifetofindsomethingtolivefor".Thereiswidespreaddistressbecausenationalmoralehasdeclinedandwehavelostanearliersenseofnationalvisionandpurpose. Contrarytorigidreligionsorpoliticalbeliefsasarefoundintotalitariansocietiesourcultureisoneofthegreatindividualdifferencesatleastinprincipleandintheory;butthisleadstodisunityevenchaos.Americansbelieveinthevalueofdiversitybutjustbecauseoursisasocietybasedonindividualdiversityitneedsconsensusaboutsomedominatingideasmorethansocietiesbasedonuniformoriginoftheircitizens.Henceifwearetohaveconsensusitmustbebasedonamyth--avisionaboutacommonexperienceaconquestthatmadeusAmericansasthemythabouttheconquestofTroyformedtheGreeks.Onlyacommonmythcanofferrelieffromthefearthatlifeiswithoutmeaningorpurpose.Mythspermitustoexamineourplaceintheworldbycomparingittoasharedidea.Mythsaresharedfantasiesthatformthetie.thatbindstheindividualtoothermembersofhisgroup.Suchmythshelptowardofffeelingsofisolationsguiltanxietyandpurposelessness--inshorttheycombatisolationandthebreakdownofsocialstandardsandvalues. FromthetextwelearnthatChristopherLashismostprobably
Whatoursocietysuffersfrommosttodayistheabsenceofconsensusaboutwhatitandlifeinitoughttobe;suchconsensuscannotbegainedfromsociety’spresentstageorfromfantasiesaboutwhatitoughttobe.Forthatthepresentistoocloseandtoodiversifiedandthefuturetoouncertaintomakebelievableclaimsaboutit.AconsensusinthepresenthencecanbeachievedonlythroughasharedunderstandingofthepastasHomer’sepicsinformedthosewholivedcenturieslaterwhatitmeanttobeGreekandbywhatimagesandidealstheyweretolivetheirlivesandorganizetheirsocieties. Mostsocietiesderiveconsensusfromalonghistoryalanguagealltheirownacommonreligioncommonancestry.Themythsbywhichtheylivearebasedonallofthese.ButtheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrantscomingfromagreatvarietyofnations.LatelyithasbeenemphasizedthatanasocialnarcissisticpersonalityhasbecomecharacteristicofAmericansandthatitisthistypeofpersonalitythatmakesforthelackofwell-beingbecauseitpreventsusfromachievingconsensusthatwouldcounteractatendencytowithdrawintoprivateworlds.InthisstudyofnarcissismChristopherLashsaysthatmodernman"torturedbyself-consciousnessturnstonewtherapiesnottofreehimselfofhispersonalworriesbuttofindmeaningandpurposeinlifetofindsomethingtolivefor".Thereiswidespreaddistressbecausenationalmoralehasdeclinedandwehavelostanearliersenseofnationalvisionandpurpose. Contrarytorigidreligionsorpoliticalbeliefsasarefoundintotalitariansocietiesourcultureisoneofthegreatindividualdifferencesatleastinprincipleandintheory;butthisleadstodisunityevenchaos.Americansbelieveinthevalueofdiversitybutjustbecauseoursisasocietybasedonindividualdiversityitneedsconsensusaboutsomedominatingideasmorethansocietiesbasedonuniformoriginoftheircitizens.Henceifwearetohaveconsensusitmustbebasedonamyth--avisionaboutacommonexperienceaconquestthatmadeusAmericansasthemythabouttheconquestofTroyformedtheGreeks.Onlyacommonmythcanofferrelieffromthefearthatlifeiswithoutmeaningorpurpose.Mythspermitustoexamineourplaceintheworldbycomparingittoasharedidea.Mythsaresharedfantasiesthatformthetie.thatbindstheindividualtoothermembersofhisgroup.Suchmythshelptowardofffeelingsofisolationsguiltanxietyandpurposelessness--inshorttheycombatisolationandthebreakdownofsocialstandardsandvalues. Homer’sepicsismentionedinParagraph1inorderto
Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportionsripsintothepopulacescientistsimmediatelygettoworktryingtolocatethesourceoftheafflictionandfindwaystocombatit.Oftentimessuccessisachievedasmedicalscienceisabletoisolatetheparasitegermorcellthatcausestheproblemandfindswaystoeffectivelykillorcontainit.Inthemostseriousofcasesinwhichtheentirepopulationofaregionorcountrymaybeatgraveriskitisdeemednecessarytoprotecttheentirepopulationthroughvaccinationsoastosafeguardlivesandensurethatthediseasewillnotspread. Theprocessofvaccinationallowsthepatient’sbodytodevelopimmunitytothevirusordiseasesothatifitisencounteredonecanwarditoffnaturally.Toaccomplishthisasmallweakordeadstrainofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolledenvironmentsothathisbody’simmunesystemcanlearntofighttheinvaderproperly.Informationonhowtopenetratethedisease’sdefensesistransmittedtoallelementsofthepatient’simmunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnaturallyinwhichgeneticinformationispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethatshouldthepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblemhisbodyiswellequippedandtrainedtodealwithithavingalreadydonesobefore. Therearedangersinherentintheprocesshowever.Onoccasioneventheweakenedversionofthediseasecontainedinthevaccineprovestoomuchforthebodytohandleresultingintheimmunesystemsuccumbingandthereforethepatient’sdeath.SuchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccinedesignedtoeradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearlywipedouttheentireNativeAmericanpopulationandkilledmassivenumbersofsettlers.Approximately1in10000peoplewhoreceivesthevaccinecontractthesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddiesfromit.ThusiftheentirepopulationoftheUnitedStatesweretoreceivetheSmallpoxVaccinetoday3000Americanswouldbeleftdead. Fortunatelythesmallpoxviruswasconsiderederadicatedintheearly1970’sendingthemandatoryvaccinationofallbabiesinAmerica.Intheeventofareintroductionofthediseasehowevermandatoryvaccinationsmayresumeresultinginmoreunexpecteddeathsfromvaccination.Theprocesswhichistrulyamixedblessingmayindeedhidesomehiddencurses. WhatdoestheexampleoftheSmallpoxVaccineillustrate
Directions: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.I nthesetimeswhenmarketforcesappearincreasinglycomplicatedandmorevolatileitisallthemoreimportanttounderstandtheprofessionaljargonandterminologyinthemarketplaceinordertobeabletobettermakeourinvestmentandbusinessdecisions.Understandingkeyeconomicindicatorswillassistinthedecisionmakingprocessprovidingasnapshotofthecurrentsituationandaninsightintothefuture. 46Eacheconomicindicatortellsussomethingabouttheeconomyorinflation.GrossDomesticProductGDPisprobablythemostimportantreportasitisthewholeframeworkwhereothereconomicindicatorsfallunder. Therearealsoindicatorsthatarebroadertellusabouttheeconomyitselfratherthanthecomponentse.g.employmentfiguresleadingindicatorsmoneysupplyfiguresM3.InflationfiguresProducePriceIndexPPIandtheConsumerPriceIndexCPIwillinshortinformusofthechangesinwholesalepricescostofconsumerretailgoodsandservicesrespectively. Anindicatorthatisusefulmustbeaccuratetimelyandreliable.Itdependsentirelyontheintegrityofthenationalstatisticalsystemresponsible.Itisvitaltoknowtheaccuratecomponentsofanindicator.Wehavetobemindfulofthelimitationofthesestatisticalfigurestoo. Someindicatorscanbehistoricorextremelyvolatileandthereforetheirvaluesarereduced.Itisbettertocomparethemostrecentdatawithearliermonthsortakeamovingaverageforthepast36or12monthstosmooththedata.Itwilltellusiftherehasbeenasignificantchangeintrendandwhetheranewdirectionisunderway. Timelinessofanindicatorisalsosignificant.47Althoughthereportedfiguresareimportantitiscrucialtorecognizethatmarketsreactmoretothevariancetotheconsensusforecastthantotheabsolutechangeintheindicator.48Marketsdonotlikesurprisesandcanbefrustratedwithvolatilityuponsubsequentrevisionstothenumberspublishedeventhoughsignificanceoftheabsolutenumberdiminisheswitheachpassingmonth. TheIndexofLeadingEconomicIndicatorsL.E.IintheUSactsasanearlywarningsystemtellinguswhentheeconomyisabouttochangedirection.49Thiscompositeindexof11leadingindicatorshasagoodrecordofprovidingaccurateforecasts.Thetotalindexperformsbetterasapredictiontoolthananyofitsparts.Thismonthlyfigureisavailableonthelastbusinessdayofthemonthandhaslowvolatility. 50AsageneralruleturningpointsintheeconomyaresignaledbythreeconsecutivemonthsofL.E.Ichangesinthesamedirection.Thisleadingindicatorislikealighthousegivingtherestoftheworldeconomiesaglimpseofthedirectionofthe’world’slargesteconomy. Marketsdonotlikesurprisesandcanbefrustratedwithvolatilityuponsubsequentrevisionstothenumberspublishedeventhoughsignificanceoftheabsolutenumberdiminisheswitheachpassingmonth.
Directions: Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextabouthappiness.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph41-45.Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Extensiveapplicationsofhaptictechnology. [B]Possibilitiesrenderedbyhapticmechanisms. [C]Thefeasibilityofextendingoursensesandexploringabstractuniverses. [D]Anexampleoftheprogressinscienceofhaptics. [E]Bringingthepotentialofoursensesintofullplay. [F]Willhapticsstepintoabrightfuture "OOOF!"Usingyourmouseyouheaveadatafileacrossthescreen--acoupleofgigabytesofdataweighalot.Itsroughsurfacetellsyouthatitisagraphicsfile.Havingtippedthishugepileofdataintoahopperthatsendsittotherightprogramyouexamineascreenimageoftheforesttrailyou’llbehikingonyourvacation.Thenusingaglovedhandyoumasteritsdetailsbyrunningyourfingersoveritsforksandbendsitssharprisesandfalls.LateryousendanE-mailtoyourbelovedbendingtothedeskpadtoattachakiss. 41.__________. ThescienceofhapticsfromtheGreekhaptesthai"totouch"ismakingthesefantasiesreal.Afewprimitivedevicesareextendinghuman-machinecommunicationbeyondvisionandsound.Hapticjoysticksandsteeringwheelsforcomputergamesarealreadygivinghappyplayerssomeofthesensationsofpilotingaspaceshipdrivingaracingcarorfiringweapons.Intimehapticinterfacesmayallowustomanipulatesinglemoleculesfeelcloudsandgalaxiesevenreachintohigherdimensionstograspthesubtlestructuresofmathematics. 42.__________. Mostofoursensestirepassive.Inhearingandvisionforexamplethesoundorlightissimplyreceivedandanalyzed.Buttouchisdifferent:weactivelyexploreandalterrealitywithourhandssothesameactionthatgathersinformationcanalsochangetheworld--tomodelapieceofclayorpressabuttonforexample.Inprovidingdirectcontactbetweenpeopletouchcarriesemotionalimpact.Andinprovidingdirectcontactwiththeworlditisthesuresignofrealityasin"pinchme--amIdreaming" 43.__________. Somesmallstepshaveevenbeentakentowardswhole-bodyhaptics.TouchTechnologyofNovaScotiaCanadahasbuiltahapticchair.Itlookslikeafull-lengthloungechairinafamilydenbutitssurfaceisstuddedwith72"tactors"-pneumaticpistonrodscoveredwithroundedbuttonsthatcanextendaboutaninchandcanbedrivenundercomputercontrolinanydesiredsequenceandpattern.Itcouldbeprogrammedtoimitatearealmassageortofunctionintimetomusic.Accordingtothemanufacturerthatprovidesapowerfulblendingofsen-sations--along-termgoalofvirtualreality. 44.__________. Evenatitspresentcrudelevelhoweverhapticscanmaketangiblewhatoncecouldnotbetouchedorevenpictured.ToinvestigatetheworldoftheverysmallresearchersattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaChapelHillhavedevelopedthenanoManipulator.Thisaddstouchtothetechniqueofscanningprobemicroscopywhichcanimageasingleatombymonitoringeithertheelectricalcurrentflowingbetweenanextremelyfineprobeandasurfaceortheforcebetweenthem.WiththenanoManipulatorresearcherscanseeandmanipulateauniverseamilliontimessmallerthantheirowntostudyvirusesandtinysemiconductingdevices.Iftheforcefeedbackcanbemadesensitiveenoughitmaybepossibletopushmolecularkeysintospecificmolecularlockstocustom-designdrugsorassemblesiliconpartsintointricatenanomachines.Withotherinterfacesthereisnoreasonweshouldn’talsobeabletotouchtheverylarge-cloudsoceancurrentsmantleflowsmountainsgalaxyclusters.Ortheverystrong--withasuitableforcescalingnewceramicsoralloyscouldbesqueezedandtwangedtotesttheirengineeringproperties.Orthephysicallyextremeandinaccessible--suchasultrahotplasmaflowsinfusionmachines. 45.__________. Haptictechnologycouldevenmakeabstractideastangible.Manyscientificconceptsoccupyspacesofmorethanthreedimensionsstringtheoryfor’exampleassertsthatweliveina10or11-dimensionalUniverse.Asitisimpossibletovisualisesuchaspaceweexploretheseideas’throughmathematicalexpressionsortwodimensionalsketchesonpaper.Butprobingtheseunfamiliargeometrieswithtouchmaybemoreeffective.Andforblindpeoplehapticsoffersanewwaytograspinformationeveninthreedimensions.AgroupattheUniversityofDelawarehasdevelopedanenvironmentwhereapersoncanfeelamathematicalfunction.UsingaPHAN-TOMtheuser"walks"alongthesurfaceofthefigure.Likeahikerfollowingmountainousterraintheuserfeelswherethefunctionissteepwhereitislevelandwhereitspeaksandvalleyslie.OtherhapticsystemscouldhelpblindpeopletobrowsetheInternetfeelingimagesaswellaswords. Thefutureofhapticsisbrightbuttheonlysensualrelationshipitwillbesustaininganytimesoonisbetweenyouandyourcomputer. 42
Inthenextcenturywe’llbeabletoalterourDNAradicallyencodingourvisionsandvanitieswhileconcoctingnewlife-forms.WhenDr.Frankensteinmadehismonsterhewrestledwiththemoralissueofwhetherheshouldallowittoreproduce"HadItherightformyownbenefittoinflictthecurseuponeverlastinggenerations"Willsuchquestionsrequireustodevelopnewmoralphilosophies Probablynot.Insteadwe’llreachagainforatime-testedmoralconceptonesometimescalledtheGoldenRuleandwhichKantthemillennium’smostprudentmoralistconjuredupintoacategoricalimperative:Dountoothersasyouwouldhavethemdountoyou;treateachpersonasanindividualratherthanasameanstosomeend. Underthismoralpreceptweshouldrecoilathumancloningbecauseitinevitablyentailsusinghumansasmeanstootherhumans’endsandvaluingthemascopiesofotherswelovedorascollectionsofbodypartsnotasindividualsintheirownright.WeshouldalsodrawalinehoweverfuzzythatwouldpermitusinggeneticengineeringtocurediseasesanddisabilitiesbutnottochangethepersonalattributesthatmakesomeoneanindividualIQphysicalappearancegenderandsexuality. Thebiotechagewillalsogiveusmorereasontoguardourpersonalprivacy.AldousHuxleyinBraveNewWorldgotitwrong:ratherthancentralizingpowerinthehandsofthestateDNAtechnologyhasempoweredindividualsandfamilies.Butthestatewillhaveanimportantrolemakingsurethatnooneincludinginsurancecompaniescanlookatourgeneticdatawithoutourpermissionoruseittodiscriminateagainstus. Thenwecangetreadyforthebreakthroughsthatcouldcomeattheendofthenextcenturyandthetechnologyiscomparabletomappingourgenes:plottingthe10billionormoreneuronsofourbrain.Withthatinformationwemightsomedaybeabletocreateartificialintelligencesthatthinkandexperienceconsciousnessinwaysthatareindistinguishablefromahumanbrain.Eventuallywemightbeabletoreplicateourownmindsina"dry-ware"machinesothatwecouldliveonwithoutthe"wet-ware"ofabiologicalbrainandbody.The20thcentury’srevolutionininfotechnologywilltherebymergewiththe21stcentury’srevolutioninbiotechnology.Butthisissciencefiction.Let’sturnthepagenowandgetbacktorealscience. Dr.Frankenstein’sremarksarementionedinthetext

拔罐法古称( )

包含此试题的试卷

你可能感兴趣的试题

热门试题

热门题库