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强调“针所不为，灸之所宜”的文献为（）
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下列哪项属于五行学说中金的特性
Text2Ofallthevarietiesofmusicwhichfillourconcerthallstheatersandnightclubsonlyjazzisnative’Americanmusic.Symphoniesandconcertostheancestorsofmovieandtelevisionscoresaswellasof’serious’or’legitimate’electronicmusicwerefirstcomposedinGermany.MusicalcomediesdescendedfromoperawhichwasfirstperformedinItaly.Andourever-popularnightclubsingersarethemusicalheirsoftheFrenchsingersofchansons.TheoneformofmusicwhichdidnotoriginateinEuropeandwhichispopulartodayworldwideisjazz.JazzwasborninNewOrleansthechildoftheBlacks.ItdrewontherhythmsaswellastheemotionalismoftheAfricanmusicofthe’Blackancestorswhichhadbeentransformedintoragtimeandtheblues.Improvisationwasanindispensableelement.Musicianswerepermittedinsoloperformanceplentyoffreedomtoplayinwhatevervariationsjustastheircreativemoodhappenedtoleadthem’along.ButduringtheSwingera1930s--1950simprompturenditionsgavewaytoarrangement.ItwasaperiodwhenjazzhaditswidestpopularappealwiththebigbandsthatboastedofsuchoutstandingbandleadersasDukeEllingtonGlennMillerandawholegalaxyoftop-notchinstrumentalists.Rockmusic’inthe1960sisasociologicalexpressionratherthanamusicalforceandtherockarenawasseenasasortofdebatingforumaplacewhereideasclashandcrashwhereAmericanyoungstersstruggletodefineandredefinetheirfeelingsandbeliefs.BobDylontouchedanerveofdisaffection.Hespokeofcivilrights;nuclearfalloutandloneliness.Hespokeofchangeandofthebewildermentofanoldergeneration.’Something’shappeninghere’hesang.’Youdon’tknowwhatitisdoyouMr.Jones’Othersenteredthedebate.TheBeatlesurgedpeaceandpietywithhumorandmaybealittleofhelpfromdrugs.Feelingsalwaysapartofanymusicalstatementwereamajorsubject.ElvisPresleybecamethepopiconmaybebecauseheactedoutyourwildestfantasiesbroughtoutyoursubduedidembodiedyourfrustratedteenagespiritandencouragedyourprotestagainsttraditionalvalues.Inthissenserockisthemusicofteenagerebellion.Allaspectsofmusic--itsexcitingoffbeatloudnessself-absorbedlyricsandravingdelivery--indicatedadefianceofadultauthority. Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage
腹痛便秘胁下偏痛发热手足厥逆脉弦紧当首选
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticlesomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsJapanesestudentsseemtobelosingpatiencewithworkunliketheircounterpartsintheUnitedStatesandKorea.Ina1993surveyofcollegestudentsinthethreecountriesonly10%oftheJapaneseregardedworkasaprimaryvaluecomparedwith47%oftheirKoreancounterpartsand27%ofAmericanstudents.41______42______DatacollectedbytheJapanesegovernmentin1993showsthatonly23%ofJapaneseyoutharethinkingaboutsupportingtheiragedparentsincontrastto63%ofyoungAmericans.Itappearsthatmanyyounger-generationJapanesearelosingbothrespectfortheirparentsandasenseofresponsibilitytothefamily.43______TheshifttowardindividualismamongJapaneseismostpronouncedamongtheveryyoung.Accordingto1991datafromtheSeimeiHokenBunkaCenterofJapan50%ofJapaneseyouthaged16to19canbelabeled"self-centered"comparedwith33%amongthoseaged25to29.44______DiminishingsocialresponsibilityaccordingtoYoshizakiistiedtothegrowinginterestinpleasureandpersonalsatisfaction.Astudycomparingsociety-consciousyouthfrom1977to1990foundthattheJapanesehadslippedfarbehindAmericanandAustralianstudents.45_____YoshizakiconcludesthattheentirevaluesystemofJapaneseyouthisundergoingmajortransformationbuttheyoungergenerationhasnotyetfoundaneworganizedvaluesystemtoreplacetheold. A.Toearntheself-centeredlabeltheyoungpeoplerespondedpositivelytosuchideasas"Iwouldliketomakedecisionswithoutconsideringtraditionalvalues"and"Idon’twanttodoanythingIcan’tenjoydoing." B.ComparewiththeoldgenerationtheyoungJapaneseseemsmoretoenjoyliferatherthanworkhard. C.Japaneseyouthisvigorousandfreshbutlacksexperienceinworkandlife. D.AuthorYoshizakiattributesthechangetoJapaneseparents’overindulgenceoftheirchildrenmaterialaffluenceandgrowingconcernforprivatematters. E.Concernforfamilyvaluesiswaning减弱amongyoungerJapaneseastheypursueaninnerworldofprivatesatisfaction. F.Only11%ofJapaneseaged18to24saidtheygetpersonalsatisfactionindoingsomethingonbehalfofsocietyaccordingto1993datafromtheJapanesegovernmentwhilefourtimesasmanyAmericanssaidso. G.AgreaterproportionofJapaneseaged18to24alsopreferredeasyjobswithoutheavyresponsibility. 42
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticlesomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsJapanesestudentsseemtobelosingpatiencewithworkunliketheircounterpartsintheUnitedStatesandKorea.Ina1993surveyofcollegestudentsinthethreecountriesonly10%oftheJapaneseregardedworkasaprimaryvaluecomparedwith47%oftheirKoreancounterpartsand27%ofAmericanstudents.41______42______DatacollectedbytheJapanesegovernmentin1993showsthatonly23%ofJapaneseyoutharethinkingaboutsupportingtheiragedparentsincontrastto63%ofyoungAmericans.Itappearsthatmanyyounger-generationJapanesearelosingbothrespectfortheirparentsandasenseofresponsibilitytothefamily.43______TheshifttowardindividualismamongJapaneseismostpronouncedamongtheveryyoung.Accordingto1991datafromtheSeimeiHokenBunkaCenterofJapan50%ofJapaneseyouthaged16to19canbelabeled"self-centered"comparedwith33%amongthoseaged25to29.44______DiminishingsocialresponsibilityaccordingtoYoshizakiistiedtothegrowinginterestinpleasureandpersonalsatisfaction.Astudycomparingsociety-consciousyouthfrom1977to1990foundthattheJapanesehadslippedfarbehindAmericanandAustralianstudents.45_____YoshizakiconcludesthattheentirevaluesystemofJapaneseyouthisundergoingmajortransformationbuttheyoungergenerationhasnotyetfoundaneworganizedvaluesystemtoreplacetheold. A.Toearntheself-centeredlabeltheyoungpeoplerespondedpositivelytosuchideasas"Iwouldliketomakedecisionswithoutconsideringtraditionalvalues"and"Idon’twanttodoanythingIcan’tenjoydoing." B.ComparewiththeoldgenerationtheyoungJapaneseseemsmoretoenjoyliferatherthanworkhard. C.Japaneseyouthisvigorousandfreshbutlacksexperienceinworkandlife. D.AuthorYoshizakiattributesthechangetoJapaneseparents’overindulgenceoftheirchildrenmaterialaffluenceandgrowingconcernforprivatematters. E.Concernforfamilyvaluesiswaning减弱amongyoungerJapaneseastheypursueaninnerworldofprivatesatisfaction. F.Only11%ofJapaneseaged18to24saidtheygetpersonalsatisfactionindoingsomethingonbehalfofsocietyaccordingto1993datafromtheJapanesegovernmentwhilefourtimesasmanyAmericanssaidso. G.AgreaterproportionofJapaneseaged18to24alsopreferredeasyjobswithoutheavyresponsibility. 44
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.10pointsBothcommonsenseandresearchsaymemorydeclinesovertime.Theaccuracyofrecallandrecognitionareattheirbestimmediatelyafterencodingtheinformationdecliningatfirstrapidlythengradually.46Thelongerthedelaythemorelikelyitisthatinformationobtainedaftertheeventwillinterferewiththeoriginalmemorywhichreducesaccuracy.Admittedlysubsequentinterviewsormediareportscancreatesuchdistortions.47"Peopleareparticularlysusceptibletohavingtheirmemoriesmodifiedwhenthepassageoftimeallowstheoriginalmemorytofade.andwillbemostsusceptibleiftheyrepeatthemisinformationasfact."Leadingquestionscanleadtomistakes.Ifwitnessesareaskedwhethertheoffenderhadabeardtheymayincorporateanimaginarybeardintotheirmemories.Subsequentquestioningcanreinforcetheerrorthroughrepetition.Itisgenerallyagreedthatthememoriesofadultsandchildrenarefallible.Neverthelessevenprschoolerscanformreliablememories.Youngchildrendependoncontexttopromotememoryandnaturallyreportless.Childrenmayrecallmoreinformationwithadequatesupportbutthetypeofsupportandquestioningiscritical.Methodsofdrawingoutinformationhavetobecarefullymonitored.Althoughresearchshowstheaccuracyofbothadultsandchildrencanbeaffectedbyleadingorsuggestivequestionstheabilitytoresisttheinfluenceofexternalsuggestionincreaseswithage.48Childrenmaychangetheiraccountofaneventnotbecausetheirmemoryhasalteredbutbecausetheywishtocomplywiththesuggestionofanadultinauthorityorbecausetheyinterpretrepeatedquestioningasanindicationthattheirfirstresponseisjudgedwrong.Anareaofresearchstillrelativelyunexplorediswhetheryoungchildrenhavedifficultiesdistinguishingbetweenrealandimaginedevents.Weconcludethatwhilechildrenareoftenseenasunreliablewitnessesresearchdoesnotbearthatout.49Thecodeprovidesalternativewaysforchildrentogiveevidencetoincreaseaccuracyandgivesjudgesguidanceonwhattotellajurytohelpassesstheevidenceofveryyoungchildren.Itisgenerallyagreedsomeadultswhoexperiencesexualabusemayrecallmemoriesoftheabuseafterforgettingit.Thereisnoresearchtoindicatetherecalledmemoriesaremoreorlessaccuratethanmemoriesavailableallalong.Webelieveitisimpossibletodistinguishatruefromafalsememoryanditisdangeroustouseconfidencevividnessanddetailasindicatingtruth.50Falsememoriescanbeinducedunderhypnosisandexperimentshaveindicateditispossiblealthoughdifficulttoimplantfalsememoriesofentireeventsbysuggestion.Hopefullyfurtherresearchisrequiredintointerviewtechniquesandconditionsunderwhichfalsememoriesandreportsofabusearemostlikelytoarise.Itseemsthatdecidingwhetheranymemoryistobefinallyassessedasreliableorthetreacherousallyofinventionwilllargelyremainachallengeforjudgesandjuries. Thelongerthedelaythemorelikelyitisthatinformationobtainedaftertheeventwillinterferewiththeoriginalmemorywhichreducesaccuracy.
一贯煎的药物组成是
Text4Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestionitwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflictdefinedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanother’isdistinguishedfromcompetitiondefinedasoppositionamongsocial’entitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingthatisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanotherwhilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofoppositionwhichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperationtheprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresourcesbutconflictisnot.Conflictneverthelessisverylikelytooccurandisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties.Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspeciesonlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneralhoweverthisstruggleinnatureiscompetitionnotconflict.Socialanimalssuchasmonkeysandcattlefighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfightsbutinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancyofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwarbutratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobsmarketsandmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall.Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresourcestradesskillsandasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandprosper;theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothersandthusleadtoconflictitcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconflictamongnationsisinevitablealthoughcompetitionis. ThephrasefunctioninthedisserviceofoneanotherLine7Para.1mostprobablymeans
Text3 Mostgrowingplantscontainmuchmorewaterthanallothermaterialscombined.C.R.Bameshassuggestedthatitis.aspropertotermtheplantawaterstructureastocallahousecomposedmainlyofbrickabrickbuilding.Certainlyitisthatallessentialprocessesofplantgrowthanddevelopmentoccurinwater.Themineralelementsfromthesoilthatareusablebytheplantmustbedissolvedinthe.soilsolutionbeforetheycanbetakenintotheroot.Theyarecarriedtoallpartsofthegrowingplantsandarebuiltintoessentialplantmaterialswhileinadissolvedstate. ThecarbondioxideCO2fromtheairmayentertheleafasagasbutisdissolvedinwaterintheleafbeforeitiscombinedwithapartofthewatertoformsimplesugars--thebasematerialfromwhichtheplantbodyismainlybuilt.Activelygrowingplantpartsaregenerally75to90percentwater.Structuralpartsofplantssuchaswoodystemsnolongeractivelygrowingmay havemuchlesswaterthangrowingtissues.Theactualamountofwaterintheplantatanyonetimehoweverisonlyaverysmallpartofwhatpassesthroughitduringitsdevelopment.Theprocessesofphotosynthesisbywhichcarbondioxideandwaterarecombined--inthepresenceofchlorophyll叶落素andwithenergyderivedfromlight—toformsugarsrequirethatcarbondioxidefromtheairentertheplant.Thisoccursmainlyintheleaves.Theleafsurfaceisnotsolidbutcontainsgreatnumbersofminuteopeningsthroughwhichthecarbondioxideenters.Thesamestructurethatpermitstheonegastoentertheleafhoweverpermitsanothergas--watervapor--tobelostfromit.Sincecarbondioxideispresentintheaironlyintracequantities3to4partsin10000partsofairandwatervaporisnearsaturationintheairspaceswithintheleafat80°Fsaturatedairwouldcontainabout186partsofwatervaporin10000partsofairthetotalamountofwatervaporlostismanytimesthecarbondioxideintake.Actuallybecauseofwindandotherfactorsthelossofwaterinproportiontocarbondioxideintakemaybeevengreaterthantherelativeconcentrationsofthetwogases.Alsonotallofthecarbondioxidethatenterstheleafissynthesizedintocarbohydrates. AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSI-IEET1.40pointsText1Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionaryflyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulationhighlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.Howevertheideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtotheartseventhoughitmaybevalidforthesciences.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromdifferencesintheirgoals/’Forthesciencesanewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtother01eofdataservingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisverydifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare’sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpowernorisPicasso’spaintingGuernicaprimarilyapropositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeartisticactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthefttranscendsestablishedlimitsbutratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploitinaninnovativewaythelimitsofanexistingformratherthantranscendthatform.Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishesanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield:thecomposerMonteverdiwhocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvaluecomestomind.Moregenerallyhoweverwhetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichaslittlebearingonitsaestheticworth.BecausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganizationsomemusicalworkssuchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerataareofsignalhistoricalimportancebutfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.OntheotherhandMozart’sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthemasterpiecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Ratherhewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits--therulesformsandconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozartHandelandBach--instrikinglyoriginalways. Theauthorconsidersanewtheorythatcoherentlyrelatesdiversephenomenatooneanothertobethe
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsWilliamAppletonauthorofarecentbookentitledFathersandDaughtersbelievesthatitisawoman’srelationshipwithherfather1decideshowsuccessfulshewillbeinher2life.AccordingtoAppletontherearethreeimportantstepsagirlmust3inherrelationshipwithDaddy.The4isthe"littlegirl"stageinwhichthedaughterlovesandidolizesherfather5hewereagodorherowithout6Andherfatherloveshisdaughter7blindlyseeingherasan"oasisofsmiles"inahardcoldworld.Thencomesthesecondstage.Itstartsduringadolescenceand8formanyyears.HerethelittlegirlbeginstorebelagainstDaddyand9hisauthority.Hereactswithangerand10Andthefinalstagecomes11awomanreachestheageofaboutthirty.Atthistimethedaughterseesherfathernot-asahero12asafoolbutlearnstoaccepthim13heisforbetterorworse.AndDaddyforgiveshertoofornotbeingthe14littlegirlhehadoncehopedfor.Butnotalldaughtersgothroughallthreestagesanditisherethatthekeytoawoman’scareer15.Thosegirlswhonevergetpastthefirst"oasisofsmiles"stage16alltheirlivesseekouttheirfathers’loveandapprovalwillnever17inthebusinessworld.Theywillremainatthesecretarial18alltheirlive.Itisonlythosewomenwhogettothefinalstagethosewho19andacceptDaddy’sfaultswhocanevenhopetobe20enoughandindependentenoughtobecomeacandidatefortop-management. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.16
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSI-IEET1.40pointsText1Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionaryflyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulationhighlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.Howevertheideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtotheartseventhoughitmaybevalidforthesciences.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromdifferencesintheirgoals/’Forthesciencesanewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtother01eofdataservingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisverydifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare’sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpowernorisPicasso’spaintingGuernicaprimarilyapropositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeartisticactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthefttranscendsestablishedlimitsbutratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploitinaninnovativewaythelimitsofanexistingformratherthantranscendthatform.Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishesanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield:thecomposerMonteverdiwhocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvaluecomestomind.Moregenerallyhoweverwhetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichaslittlebearingonitsaestheticworth.BecausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganizationsomemusicalworkssuchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerataareofsignalhistoricalimportancebutfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.OntheotherhandMozart’sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthemasterpiecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Ratherhewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits--therulesformsandconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozartHandelandBach--instrikinglyoriginalways. ThepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringallofthefollowingquestionsEXCEPT
Text4Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestionitwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflictdefinedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanother’isdistinguishedfromcompetitiondefinedasoppositionamongsocial’entitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingthatisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanotherwhilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofoppositionwhichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperationtheprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresourcesbutconflictisnot.Conflictneverthelessisverylikelytooccurandisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties.Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspeciesonlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneralhoweverthisstruggleinnatureiscompetitionnotconflict.Socialanimalssuchasmonkeysandcattlefighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfightsbutinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancyofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwarbutratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobsmarketsandmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall.Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresourcestradesskillsandasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandprosper;theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothersandthusleadtoconflictitcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconflictamongnationsisinevitablealthoughcompetitionis. Theauthorindicatesinthepassagethatconflict
连朴饮的药物组成除黄连厚朴外还有
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.10pointsBothcommonsenseandresearchsaymemorydeclinesovertime.Theaccuracyofrecallandrecognitionareattheirbestimmediatelyafterencodingtheinformationdecliningatfirstrapidlythengradually.46Thelongerthedelaythemorelikelyitisthatinformationobtainedaftertheeventwillinterferewiththeoriginalmemorywhichreducesaccuracy.Admittedlysubsequentinterviewsormediareportscancreatesuchdistortions.47"Peopleareparticularlysusceptibletohavingtheirmemoriesmodifiedwhenthepassageoftimeallowstheoriginalmemorytofade.andwillbemostsusceptibleiftheyrepeatthemisinformationasfact."Leadingquestionscanleadtomistakes.Ifwitnessesareaskedwhethertheoffenderhadabeardtheymayincorporateanimaginarybeardintotheirmemories.Subsequentquestioningcanreinforcetheerrorthroughrepetition.Itisgenerallyagreedthatthememoriesofadultsandchildrenarefallible.Neverthelessevenprschoolerscanformreliablememories.Youngchildrendependoncontexttopromotememoryandnaturallyreportless.Childrenmayrecallmoreinformationwithadequatesupportbutthetypeofsupportandquestioningiscritical.Methodsofdrawingoutinformationhavetobecarefullymonitored.Althoughresearchshowstheaccuracyofbothadultsandchildrencanbeaffectedbyleadingorsuggestivequestionstheabilitytoresisttheinfluenceofexternalsuggestionincreaseswithage.48Childrenmaychangetheiraccountofaneventnotbecausetheirmemoryhasalteredbutbecausetheywishtocomplywiththesuggestionofanadultinauthorityorbecausetheyinterpretrepeatedquestioningasanindicationthattheirfirstresponseisjudgedwrong.Anareaofresearchstillrelativelyunexplorediswhetheryoungchildrenhavedifficultiesdistinguishingbetweenrealandimaginedevents.Weconcludethatwhilechildrenareoftenseenasunreliablewitnessesresearchdoesnotbearthatout.49Thecodeprovidesalternativewaysforchildrentogiveevidencetoincreaseaccuracyandgivesjudgesguidanceonwhattotellajurytohelpassesstheevidenceofveryyoungchildren.Itisgenerallyagreedsomeadultswhoexperiencesexualabusemayrecallmemoriesoftheabuseafterforgettingit.Thereisnoresearchtoindicatetherecalledmemoriesaremoreorlessaccuratethanmemoriesavailableallalong.Webelieveitisimpossibletodistinguishatruefromafalsememoryanditisdangeroustouseconfidencevividnessanddetailasindicatingtruth.50Falsememoriescanbeinducedunderhypnosisandexperimentshaveindicateditispossiblealthoughdifficulttoimplantfalsememoriesofentireeventsbysuggestion.Hopefullyfurtherresearchisrequiredintointerviewtechniquesandconditionsunderwhichfalsememoriesandreportsofabusearemostlikelytoarise.Itseemsthatdecidingwhetheranymemoryistobefinallyassessedasreliableorthetreacherousallyofinventionwilllargelyremainachallengeforjudgesandjuries. Childrenmaychangetheiraccountofaneventnotbecausetheirmemoryhasalteredbutbecausetheywishtocomplywiththesuggestionofanadultinauthorityorbecausetheyinterpretrepeatedquestioningasanindicationthattheirfirstresponseisjudgedwrong.
Text2Ofallthevarietiesofmusicwhichfillourconcerthallstheatersandnightclubsonlyjazzisnative’Americanmusic.Symphoniesandconcertostheancestorsofmovieandtelevisionscoresaswellasof’serious’or’legitimate’electronicmusicwerefirstcomposedinGermany.MusicalcomediesdescendedfromoperawhichwasfirstperformedinItaly.Andourever-popularnightclubsingersarethemusicalheirsoftheFrenchsingersofchansons.TheoneformofmusicwhichdidnotoriginateinEuropeandwhichispopulartodayworldwideisjazz.JazzwasborninNewOrleansthechildoftheBlacks.ItdrewontherhythmsaswellastheemotionalismoftheAfricanmusicofthe’Blackancestorswhichhadbeentransformedintoragtimeandtheblues.Improvisationwasanindispensableelement.Musicianswerepermittedinsoloperformanceplentyoffreedomtoplayinwhatevervariationsjustastheircreativemoodhappenedtoleadthem’along.ButduringtheSwingera1930s--1950simprompturenditionsgavewaytoarrangement.ItwasaperiodwhenjazzhaditswidestpopularappealwiththebigbandsthatboastedofsuchoutstandingbandleadersasDukeEllingtonGlennMillerandawholegalaxyoftop-notchinstrumentalists.Rockmusic’inthe1960sisasociologicalexpressionratherthanamusicalforceandtherockarenawasseenasasortofdebatingforumaplacewhereideasclashandcrashwhereAmericanyoungstersstruggletodefineandredefinetheirfeelingsandbeliefs.BobDylontouchedanerveofdisaffection.Hespokeofcivilrights;nuclearfalloutandloneliness.Hespokeofchangeandofthebewildermentofanoldergeneration.’Something’shappeninghere’hesang.’Youdon’tknowwhatitisdoyouMr.Jones’Othersenteredthedebate.TheBeatlesurgedpeaceandpietywithhumorandmaybealittleofhelpfromdrugs.Feelingsalwaysapartofanymusicalstatementwereamajorsubject.ElvisPresleybecamethepopiconmaybebecauseheactedoutyourwildestfantasiesbroughtoutyoursubduedidembodiedyourfrustratedteenagespiritandencouragedyourprotestagainsttraditionalvalues.Inthissenserockisthemusicofteenagerebellion.Allaspectsofmusic--itsexcitingoffbeatloudnessself-absorbedlyricsandravingdelivery--indicatedadefianceofadultauthority. Accordingtothepassageimprovisationwasmostpopular
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsWilliamAppletonauthorofarecentbookentitledFathersandDaughtersbelievesthatitisawoman’srelationshipwithherfather1decideshowsuccessfulshewillbeinher2life.AccordingtoAppletontherearethreeimportantstepsagirlmust3inherrelationshipwithDaddy.The4isthe"littlegirl"stageinwhichthedaughterlovesandidolizesherfather5hewereagodorherowithout6Andherfatherloveshisdaughter7blindlyseeingherasan"oasisofsmiles"inahardcoldworld.Thencomesthesecondstage.Itstartsduringadolescenceand8formanyyears.HerethelittlegirlbeginstorebelagainstDaddyand9hisauthority.Hereactswithangerand10Andthefinalstagecomes11awomanreachestheageofaboutthirty.Atthistimethedaughterseesherfathernot-asahero12asafoolbutlearnstoaccepthim13heisforbetterorworse.AndDaddyforgiveshertoofornotbeingthe14littlegirlhehadoncehopedfor.Butnotalldaughtersgothroughallthreestagesanditisherethatthekeytoawoman’scareer15.Thosegirlswhonevergetpastthefirst"oasisofsmiles"stage16alltheirlivesseekouttheirfathers’loveandapprovalwillnever17inthebusinessworld.Theywillremainatthesecretarial18alltheirlive.Itisonlythosewomenwhogettothefinalstagethosewho19andacceptDaddy’sfaultswhocanevenhopetobe20enoughandindependentenoughtobecomeacandidatefortop-management. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.14
Text2Ofallthevarietiesofmusicwhichfillourconcerthallstheatersandnightclubsonlyjazzisnative’Americanmusic.Symphoniesandconcertostheancestorsofmovieandtelevisionscoresaswellasof’serious’or’legitimate’electronicmusicwerefirstcomposedinGermany.MusicalcomediesdescendedfromoperawhichwasfirstperformedinItaly.Andourever-popularnightclubsingersarethemusicalheirsoftheFrenchsingersofchansons.TheoneformofmusicwhichdidnotoriginateinEuropeandwhichispopulartodayworldwideisjazz.JazzwasborninNewOrleansthechildoftheBlacks.ItdrewontherhythmsaswellastheemotionalismoftheAfricanmusicofthe’Blackancestorswhichhadbeentransformedintoragtimeandtheblues.Improvisationwasanindispensableelement.Musicianswerepermittedinsoloperformanceplentyoffreedomtoplayinwhatevervariationsjustastheircreativemoodhappenedtoleadthem’along.ButduringtheSwingera1930s--1950simprompturenditionsgavewaytoarrangement.ItwasaperiodwhenjazzhaditswidestpopularappealwiththebigbandsthatboastedofsuchoutstandingbandleadersasDukeEllingtonGlennMillerandawholegalaxyoftop-notchinstrumentalists.Rockmusic’inthe1960sisasociologicalexpressionratherthanamusicalforceandtherockarenawasseenasasortofdebatingforumaplacewhereideasclashandcrashwhereAmericanyoungstersstruggletodefineandredefinetheirfeelingsandbeliefs.BobDylontouchedanerveofdisaffection.Hespokeofcivilrights;nuclearfalloutandloneliness.Hespokeofchangeandofthebewildermentofanoldergeneration.’Something’shappeninghere’hesang.’Youdon’tknowwhatitisdoyouMr.Jones’Othersenteredthedebate.TheBeatlesurgedpeaceandpietywithhumorandmaybealittleofhelpfromdrugs.Feelingsalwaysapartofanymusicalstatementwereamajorsubject.ElvisPresleybecamethepopiconmaybebecauseheactedoutyourwildestfantasiesbroughtoutyoursubduedidembodiedyourfrustratedteenagespiritandencouragedyourprotestagainsttraditionalvalues.Inthissenserockisthemusicofteenagerebellion.Allaspectsofmusic--itsexcitingoffbeatloudnessself-absorbedlyricsandravingdelivery--indicatedadefianceofadultauthority. Accordingtothepassagerockdominthesixtieswasseenas
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsWilliamAppletonauthorofarecentbookentitledFathersandDaughtersbelievesthatitisawoman’srelationshipwithherfather1decideshowsuccessfulshewillbeinher2life.AccordingtoAppletontherearethreeimportantstepsagirlmust3inherrelationshipwithDaddy.The4isthe"littlegirl"stageinwhichthedaughterlovesandidolizesherfather5hewereagodorherowithout6Andherfatherloveshisdaughter7blindlyseeingherasan"oasisofsmiles"inahardcoldworld.Thencomesthesecondstage.Itstartsduringadolescenceand8formanyyears.HerethelittlegirlbeginstorebelagainstDaddyand9hisauthority.Hereactswithangerand10Andthefinalstagecomes11awomanreachestheageofaboutthirty.Atthistimethedaughterseesherfathernot-asahero12asafoolbutlearnstoaccepthim13heisforbetterorworse.AndDaddyforgiveshertoofornotbeingthe14littlegirlhehadoncehopedfor.Butnotalldaughtersgothroughallthreestagesanditisherethatthekeytoawoman’scareer15.Thosegirlswhonevergetpastthefirst"oasisofsmiles"stage16alltheirlivesseekouttheirfathers’loveandapprovalwillnever17inthebusinessworld.Theywillremainatthesecretarial18alltheirlive.Itisonlythosewomenwhogettothefinalstagethosewho19andacceptDaddy’sfaultswhocanevenhopetobe20enoughandindependentenoughtobecomeacandidatefortop-management. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.12
Outline 1.Theschoolactivitiesannouncementsonthecampus. 2.Thefirstgrouptakespartintheseactivitiesactivelyforvariousreasons. 3.Thesecondgroupspendtheirtimedifferently. 4.Yourpreference.
Text3 Mostgrowingplantscontainmuchmorewaterthanallothermaterialscombined.C.R.Bameshassuggestedthatitis.aspropertotermtheplantawaterstructureastocallahousecomposedmainlyofbrickabrickbuilding.Certainlyitisthatallessentialprocessesofplantgrowthanddevelopmentoccurinwater.Themineralelementsfromthesoilthatareusablebytheplantmustbedissolvedinthe.soilsolutionbeforetheycanbetakenintotheroot.Theyarecarriedtoallpartsofthegrowingplantsandarebuiltintoessentialplantmaterialswhileinadissolvedstate. ThecarbondioxideCO2fromtheairmayentertheleafasagasbutisdissolvedinwaterintheleafbeforeitiscombinedwithapartofthewatertoformsimplesugars--thebasematerialfromwhichtheplantbodyismainlybuilt.Activelygrowingplantpartsaregenerally75to90percentwater.Structuralpartsofplantssuchaswoodystemsnolongeractivelygrowingmay havemuchlesswaterthangrowingtissues.Theactualamountofwaterintheplantatanyonetimehoweverisonlyaverysmallpartofwhatpassesthroughitduringitsdevelopment.Theprocessesofphotosynthesisbywhichcarbondioxideandwaterarecombined--inthepresenceofchlorophyll叶落素andwithenergyderivedfromlight—toformsugarsrequirethatcarbondioxidefromtheairentertheplant.Thisoccursmainlyintheleaves.Theleafsurfaceisnotsolidbutcontainsgreatnumbersofminuteopeningsthroughwhichthecarbondioxideenters.Thesamestructurethatpermitstheonegastoentertheleafhoweverpermitsanothergas--watervapor--tobelostfromit.Sincecarbondioxideispresentintheaironlyintracequantities3to4partsin10000partsofairandwatervaporisnearsaturationintheairspaceswithintheleafat80°Fsaturatedairwouldcontainabout186partsofwatervaporin10000partsofairthetotalamountofwatervaporlostismanytimesthecarbondioxideintake.Actuallybecauseofwindandotherfactorsthelossofwaterinproportiontocarbondioxideintakemaybeevengreaterthantherelativeconcentrationsofthetwogases.Alsonotallofthecarbondioxidethatenterstheleafissynthesizedintocarbohydrates. Theprimaryideaofthepassageis
月经先后无定期的针灸治则是
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsWilliamAppletonauthorofarecentbookentitledFathersandDaughtersbelievesthatitisawoman’srelationshipwithherfather1decideshowsuccessfulshewillbeinher2life.AccordingtoAppletontherearethreeimportantstepsagirlmust3inherrelationshipwithDaddy.The4isthe"littlegirl"stageinwhichthedaughterlovesandidolizesherfather5hewereagodorherowithout6Andherfatherloveshisdaughter7blindlyseeingherasan"oasisofsmiles"inahardcoldworld.Thencomesthesecondstage.Itstartsduringadolescenceand8formanyyears.HerethelittlegirlbeginstorebelagainstDaddyand9hisauthority.Hereactswithangerand10Andthefinalstagecomes11awomanreachestheageofaboutthirty.Atthistimethedaughterseesherfathernot-asahero12asafoolbutlearnstoaccepthim13heisforbetterorworse.AndDaddyforgiveshertoofornotbeingthe14littlegirlhehadoncehopedfor.Butnotalldaughtersgothroughallthreestagesanditisherethatthekeytoawoman’scareer15.Thosegirlswhonevergetpastthefirst"oasisofsmiles"stage16alltheirlivesseekouttheirfathers’loveandapprovalwillnever17inthebusinessworld.Theywillremainatthesecretarial18alltheirlive.Itisonlythosewomenwhogettothefinalstagethosewho19andacceptDaddy’sfaultswhocanevenhopetobe20enoughandindependentenoughtobecomeacandidatefortop-management. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsWilliamAppletonauthorofarecentbookentitledFathersandDaughtersbelievesthatitisawoman’srelationshipwithherfather1decideshowsuccessfulshewillbeinher2life.AccordingtoAppletontherearethreeimportantstepsagirlmust3inherrelationshipwithDaddy.The4isthe"littlegirl"stageinwhichthedaughterlovesandidolizesherfather5hewereagodorherowithout6Andherfatherloveshisdaughter7blindlyseeingherasan"oasisofsmiles"inahardcoldworld.Thencomesthesecondstage.Itstartsduringadolescenceand8formanyyears.HerethelittlegirlbeginstorebelagainstDaddyand9hisauthority.Hereactswithangerand10Andthefinalstagecomes11awomanreachestheageofaboutthirty.Atthistimethedaughterseesherfathernot-asahero12asafoolbutlearnstoaccepthim13heisforbetterorworse.AndDaddyforgiveshertoofornotbeingthe14littlegirlhehadoncehopedfor.Butnotalldaughtersgothroughallthreestagesanditisherethatthekeytoawoman’scareer15.Thosegirlswhonevergetpastthefirst"oasisofsmiles"stage16alltheirlivesseekouttheirfathers’loveandapprovalwillnever17inthebusinessworld.Theywillremainatthesecretarial18alltheirlive.Itisonlythosewomenwhogettothefinalstagethosewho19andacceptDaddy’sfaultswhocanevenhopetobe20enoughandindependentenoughtobecomeacandidatefortop-management. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.18
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsWilliamAppletonauthorofarecentbookentitledFathersandDaughtersbelievesthatitisawoman’srelationshipwithherfather1decideshowsuccessfulshewillbeinher2life.AccordingtoAppletontherearethreeimportantstepsagirlmust3inherrelationshipwithDaddy.The4isthe"littlegirl"stageinwhichthedaughterlovesandidolizesherfather5hewereagodorherowithout6Andherfatherloveshisdaughter7blindlyseeingherasan"oasisofsmiles"inahardcoldworld.Thencomesthesecondstage.Itstartsduringadolescenceand8formanyyears.HerethelittlegirlbeginstorebelagainstDaddyand9hisauthority.Hereactswithangerand10Andthefinalstagecomes11awomanreachestheageofaboutthirty.Atthistimethedaughterseesherfathernot-asahero12asafoolbutlearnstoaccepthim13heisforbetterorworse.AndDaddyforgiveshertoofornotbeingthe14littlegirlhehadoncehopedfor.Butnotalldaughtersgothroughallthreestagesanditisherethatthekeytoawoman’scareer15.Thosegirlswhonevergetpastthefirst"oasisofsmiles"stage16alltheirlivesseekouttheirfathers’loveandapprovalwillnever17inthebusinessworld.Theywillremainatthesecretarial18alltheirlive.Itisonlythosewomenwhogettothefinalstagethosewho19andacceptDaddy’sfaultswhocanevenhopetobe20enoughandindependentenoughtobecomeacandidatefortop-management. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.6
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.10pointsBothcommonsenseandresearchsaymemorydeclinesovertime.Theaccuracyofrecallandrecognitionareattheirbestimmediatelyafterencodingtheinformationdecliningatfirstrapidlythengradually.46Thelongerthedelaythemorelikelyitisthatinformationobtainedaftertheeventwillinterferewiththeoriginalmemorywhichreducesaccuracy.Admittedlysubsequentinterviewsormediareportscancreatesuchdistortions.47"Peopleareparticularlysusceptibletohavingtheirmemoriesmodifiedwhenthepassageoftimeallowstheoriginalmemorytofade.andwillbemostsusceptibleiftheyrepeatthemisinformationasfact."Leadingquestionscanleadtomistakes.Ifwitnessesareaskedwhethertheoffenderhadabeardtheymayincorporateanimaginarybeardintotheirmemories.Subsequentquestioningcanreinforcetheerrorthroughrepetition.Itisgenerallyagreedthatthememoriesofadultsandchildrenarefallible.Neverthelessevenprschoolerscanformreliablememories.Youngchildrendependoncontexttopromotememoryandnaturallyreportless.Childrenmayrecallmoreinformationwithadequatesupportbutthetypeofsupportandquestioningiscritical.Methodsofdrawingoutinformationhavetobecarefullymonitored.Althoughresearchshowstheaccuracyofbothadultsandchildrencanbeaffectedbyleadingorsuggestivequestionstheabilitytoresisttheinfluenceofexternalsuggestionincreaseswithage.48Childrenmaychangetheiraccountofaneventnotbecausetheirmemoryhasalteredbutbecausetheywishtocomplywiththesuggestionofanadultinauthorityorbecausetheyinterpretrepeatedquestioningasanindicationthattheirfirstresponseisjudgedwrong.Anareaofresearchstillrelativelyunexplorediswhetheryoungchildrenhavedifficultiesdistinguishingbetweenrealandimaginedevents.Weconcludethatwhilechildrenareoftenseenasunreliablewitnessesresearchdoesnotbearthatout.49Thecodeprovidesalternativewaysforchildrentogiveevidencetoincreaseaccuracyandgivesjudgesguidanceonwhattotellajurytohelpassesstheevidenceofveryyoungchildren.Itisgenerallyagreedsomeadultswhoexperiencesexualabusemayrecallmemoriesoftheabuseafterforgettingit.Thereisnoresearchtoindicatetherecalledmemoriesaremoreorlessaccuratethanmemoriesavailableallalong.Webelieveitisimpossibletodistinguishatruefromafalsememoryanditisdangeroustouseconfidencevividnessanddetailasindicatingtruth.50Falsememoriescanbeinducedunderhypnosisandexperimentshaveindicateditispossiblealthoughdifficulttoimplantfalsememoriesofentireeventsbysuggestion.Hopefullyfurtherresearchisrequiredintointerviewtechniquesandconditionsunderwhichfalsememoriesandreportsofabusearemostlikelytoarise.Itseemsthatdecidingwhetheranymemoryistobefinallyassessedasreliableorthetreacherousallyofinventionwilllargelyremainachallengeforjudgesandjuries. Falsememoriescanbeinducedunderhypnosisandexperimentshaveindicateditispossiblealthoughdifficulttoimplantfalsememoriesofentireeventsbysuggestion
Text4Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestionitwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflictdefinedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanother’isdistinguishedfromcompetitiondefinedasoppositionamongsocial’entitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingthatisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanotherwhilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofoppositionwhichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperationtheprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresourcesbutconflictisnot.Conflictneverthelessisverylikelytooccurandisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties.Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspeciesonlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneralhoweverthisstruggleinnatureiscompetitionnotconflict.Socialanimalssuchasmonkeysandcattlefighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfightsbutinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancyofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwarbutratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobsmarketsandmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall.Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresourcestradesskillsandasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandprosper;theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothersandthusleadtoconflictitcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconflictamongnationsisinevitablealthoughcompetitionis. Inthefirstparagraphwhydoestheauthorgivethe-definitionsofsometerms
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsWilliamAppletonauthorofarecentbookentitledFathersandDaughtersbelievesthatitisawoman’srelationshipwithherfather1decideshowsuccessfulshewillbeinher2life.AccordingtoAppletontherearethreeimportantstepsagirlmust3inherrelationshipwithDaddy.The4isthe"littlegirl"stageinwhichthedaughterlovesandidolizesherfather5hewereagodorherowithout6Andherfatherloveshisdaughter7blindlyseeingherasan"oasisofsmiles"inahardcoldworld.Thencomesthesecondstage.Itstartsduringadolescenceand8formanyyears.HerethelittlegirlbeginstorebelagainstDaddyand9hisauthority.Hereactswithangerand10Andthefinalstagecomes11awomanreachestheageofaboutthirty.Atthistimethedaughterseesherfathernot-asahero12asafoolbutlearnstoaccepthim13heisforbetterorworse.AndDaddyforgiveshertoofornotbeingthe14littlegirlhehadoncehopedfor.Butnotalldaughtersgothroughallthreestagesanditisherethatthekeytoawoman’scareer15.Thosegirlswhonevergetpastthefirst"oasisofsmiles"stage16alltheirlivesseekouttheirfathers’loveandapprovalwillnever17inthebusinessworld.Theywillremainatthesecretarial18alltheirlive.Itisonlythosewomenwhogettothefinalstagethosewho19andacceptDaddy’sfaultswhocanevenhopetobe20enoughandindependentenoughtobecomeacandidatefortop-management. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.20
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsWilliamAppletonauthorofarecentbookentitledFathersandDaughtersbelievesthatitisawoman’srelationshipwithherfather1decideshowsuccessfulshewillbeinher2life.AccordingtoAppletontherearethreeimportantstepsagirlmust3inherrelationshipwithDaddy.The4isthe"littlegirl"stageinwhichthedaughterlovesandidolizesherfather5hewereagodorherowithout6Andherfatherloveshisdaughter7blindlyseeingherasan"oasisofsmiles"inahardcoldworld.Thencomesthesecondstage.Itstartsduringadolescenceand8formanyyears.HerethelittlegirlbeginstorebelagainstDaddyand9hisauthority.Hereactswithangerand10Andthefinalstagecomes11awomanreachestheageofaboutthirty.Atthistimethedaughterseesherfathernot-asahero12asafoolbutlearnstoaccepthim13heisforbetterorworse.AndDaddyforgiveshertoofornotbeingthe14littlegirlhehadoncehopedfor.Butnotalldaughtersgothroughallthreestagesanditisherethatthekeytoawoman’scareer15.Thosegirlswhonevergetpastthefirst"oasisofsmiles"stage16alltheirlivesseekouttheirfathers’loveandapprovalwillnever17inthebusinessworld.Theywillremainatthesecretarial18alltheirlive.Itisonlythosewomenwhogettothefinalstagethosewho19andacceptDaddy’sfaultswhocanevenhopetobe20enoughandindependentenoughtobecomeacandidatefortop-management. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.8
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