首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置：
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
At the start of the year, The Independent on Sunday argued that there were three overwhelming reason...
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
国家统考科目《单选集》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
Heisboy. A.eight-year-old B.aneight-year-old C.
1分Kunmingiswarm. A.allyearround B.wholeyearround
_____ofthenewaircraftwillstartnextyear.
produce
production
product
productive
InofthefirstseasonoftheyearfarmersinnorthernChinaj
the later part
the latest part
the last part
the latter part
Thenumberofthebicyclesinthetownalotthisyear.Therew
Thisisboy.Thatgirlis. A.an8-year-old7yearsold.
ItisatraditiontoeatonNewYear'sDaytocelebratetheco
Theoldmanlastyear.Heforayear.die动词填空
1sometimesrodemyb______toschoollastyearbutthisyear
Thisyearistheninetyyearwhentheirschoolwasfounded.
Theweatherontheislandiswet.A.allyeararound B.theti
Itsaythattheexamswillbealittlemoredifficultthisye
shouldn'tbeallowedtogettheirearspierced. A.sixte
UnliketheChinesepeopleAmericanpeoplewelcomethenewy
Thefactorywillpmoremachinesthisyearthanlastyear.
—Howlonghaveyouhadthebike?—I'vehadit.A.sincehalfay
ShemadeherNewYear'sr onNewYear'sEve.
Thenumberofthisspeciesofbirdisdyearbyyear.
﹣ItissaidthatpeoplebornintheYearoftheDogaregentle
1分.Lindaisgirlwithtwolonghair.Shewillbenextyear.
热门试题
更多
TheauthorofsomefortynovelsanumberofplaysvolumesofversehistoricalcriticalandautobiographicalworksaneditorandtranslatorJackLindsayisclearlyanextraordinarilyprolificwriter--afactwhichcaneasilyobscurehisveryrealdistinctioninsomeoftheareasintowhichhebasventured.HiscoeditorshipofVisioninSydneyintheearly1920’sforexampleisstillfelttohaveintroducedasignificantperiodinAustralianculturewhilehisstudyofKickenswrittenin1950ishighlyregarded.Butofallhisworkitisprobablythenoveltowhichhehasmadehismostsignificantcontribution.Since1936whentousehisownwordsinFanfrolicoandafterhereachedbedrockLindsaybasmaintainedaconsistentMarxistviewpoint--anditisthisviewpointwhichifnothingelsehasguaranteedhisnovelsaminorbutcertainlynotnegligibleplaceinmodernBritishliterature.FeelingthatthehistoricalnovelisaformthatbasalimitlessfutureasafightingweaponandasaculturalinstrumentNewMassesJanuary1937LindsayfirstattemptedtoformulatehisMarxistconvictionsinfictionmainlysetinthepast:particularlyinhistrilogyinEnglishnovels--1949dealingwiththeDiggerandLevellermovementsLostBirthrighttheWilkesiteagitationsandMenofForth-Eightwrittenin1939theChartistandrevolutionaryuprisingsinEurope.BasicallytheseworkssetoutwithmostsuccessinthefirstvolumetovivifythehistoricaltraditionsbehindEnglishSocialismandattemptedtodemonstratethatitstoodinLindsay’swordsforthetruecompletionofthenationaldestiny.Althoughthewaryearssawthevirtualdisintegrationoftheleft-wingwritingmovementofthe1930sLindsayhimselfcarriedon:delvingintocontemporaryaffairsinWeShallReturnandBeyondTerrornovelsinwhichtheepithetsformerlyreservedfortheevilcapitalistsorFranco’ssoldiershavebeentransferredrathercrudelytotheGermantroops.AfterthewarLindsaycontinuedtowritemainlyaboutthepresent--tryingwithvaryingdegreesofsuccesstocometotermswiththeunradicalpoliticalrealitiesofpost-warEngland.IntheseriesofnovelsknowncollectivelyasTheBritishWayandbeginningwithBetrayedSpringin1953itseemedatfirstasifhissolutionwassimplytoresorttomoreandmoreobviousauthorialmanipulationandheavy-bandeddidacticism.FortunatelyhoweverfromRevoltoftheSonsthisprocesswasreversedasLindsaybegantoshowanincreasingtendencytoignorepartysolutionstofailindeedtogiveanythingbutthemostelementarypoliticalconsciousnesstohischaracterssothatinhislatestandwhatappearstobehislastcontemporarynovelChoiceofTimeshisheroColinendsonanoteofdesperation:EverythingmustbedifferentIcan’tlivethiswayanylonger.ButhowcanIchangeithowTohiscreditasanartistLindsaydoesn’tgivehimanyexplicitanswer.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat
I’venevermetahumanworthcloningsayscloningexpertMarkWesthusinfromthecrampedconfinesofhislabatTexasA&MUniversity.It’sastupidendeavor.’That’saninterestingchoiceofadjectivecomingfromamanwhohasspentmillionsofdollarstryingtoclonea13-year-olddognamedMissy.Sofarheandhisteamhavenotsucceededthoughtheyhaveclonedtwocalvesandexpecttocloneacatsoon.TheyjustmightsucceedincloningMissylaterthisyear--orperhapsnotforanotherfiveyears.Itseemsthereproductivesystemofman’sbestfriendisoneofthemysteriesofmodemscience.Westhusin’sexperiencewithcloninganimalsleaveshimvexedbyallthistalkofhumancloning.InthreeyearsofworkontheMissyplicityprojectusinghundredsuponhundredsofcanineeggstheA&MteamhasproducedonlyadozenorsoembryoscarryingMissy’sDNA.Nonehavesurvivedthetransfertoasurrogatemother.Thewastageofeggsandthemanyspontaneouslyabortedfetusesmaybeacceptablewhenyou’redealingwithcatsorbullshearguesbutnotwithhumans.Cloningisincrediblyinefficientandalsodangeroushesays.Evensodogcloningisacommercialopportunitywithaniceresearchpayoff.EversinceDollythesheepwasclonedin1997Westhusin’sphoneatA&MCollegeofVeterinaryMedicinehasbeenringingbusily.CostisnoobstacleforcustomerslikeMissy’smysteriousownerwhowisheshimremainunknowntoprotecthisprivacy.He’sploppeddown$3.7millionsofartofundtheresearchbecausehewantsatwintocarryonMissy’sfinequalitiesaftershedies.Butheknowsherclonemaynothavehertemperament.InastatementofpurposeMissy’sownerandtheA&MteamsaytheyarebothlookingforwardtostudyingthewaysthatherclonediffersfromMissy.ThefateofthedogsampleswilldependonWesthusin’swork.Heknowsthatevenifhegetsadogviablypregnanttheoffspringshouldtheysurvivewillfacetheproblemsshownatbirthbyotherclonedanimals:abnormalitieslikeimmaturelungsandheartandweightproblems.WhywouldyoueverwanttoclonehumansWesthusinaskswhenwe’renotevenclosetogettingitworkedoutinanimalsyet/TheMissyplicityprojectdoesnotseemverysuccessfulprobablybecause
TimothyBerners-LeemightbegivingBillGatesarunforthemoneybuthepasseduphisshotatfabulouswealth--intentionally--in1990.That’swhenhedecidednottopatentthetechnologyusedtocreatethemostimportantsoftwareinnovationinthefinaldecadeofthe20thcentury:theWorldWideWeb.Berners-Leewantedtomaketheworldaricherplacenotamasspersonalwealth.Sohegavehisbrainchildtousall.Berners-Leeregardstoday’sWebasarebelliousadolescentthatcanneverfulfillhisoriginalexpectations.By2005hehopestobeginreplacingitwiththeSemanticWeb--asmartnetworkthatwillfinallyunderstandhumanlanguagesandmakecomputersvirtuallyaseasytoworkwithasotherhumans.AsenvisionedbyBerners-LeethenewWebwouldunderstandnotonlythemeaningofwordsandconceptsbutalsotheologicalrelationshipsamongthem.Thathasawesomepotential.Mostknowledgeisbuiltontwopillars:semanticandmathematics.Innumber-crunchingcomputersalreadyoutclasspeople.Machinesthatareequallyadmitatdealingwithlanguageandreasonwon’tjusthelppeopleuncovernewinsights;theycouldblazenewtrailsontheirown.EvenwithafairlycrudeversionofthisfutureWebminingonlinerepositoriesfornuggetsofknowledgewouldnolongerforcepeopletowadethroughscreenafterscreenofextraneousdata.InsteadcomputerswoulddispatchintelligentagentsorsoftwaremessengerstoexploreWebsitesbythethousandsandlogicallysiftoutjustwhat’srelevant.Thatalonewouldprovideamajorboostinproductivityatworkandathome.Butthere’sfarmore.Softwareagentscouldalsotakeonmanyroutinebusinesschoressuchashelpingmanufacturersfindandnegotiatewithlowest-costpartssuppliersandhandlinghelp-deskquestions.TheSemanticWebwouldalsobeabottomlesstroveofeurekainsights.Mostinventionsandscientificbreakthronghsincludingtoday’sWebspringfromnovelcombinationsofexistingknowledge.TheSemanticWebwouldmakeitpossibletoevaluatemorecombinationsovernightthanapersoncouldjuggleinalifetime.SurescientistsandotherpeoplecanpostideasontheWebtodayforotherstoread.ButwithmachinesdoingthereadingandtranslatingtechnicaltermsrelatedideasfrommillionsofWebpagescouldbedistilledandsummarized.Thatwilllifttheabilitytoassessandintegrateinformationtonewheights.TheSemanticWebBerners-Leepredictswillhelpmorepeoplebecomemoreintuitiveaswellasmoreanalytical.Itwillfosterglobalcollaborationsamongpeoplewithdiverseculturalperspectivessowehaveabetterchanceoffindingtherightsolutionstothereallybigissues--liketheenvironmentandclimatewarming./Tosearchforanyinformationneededontomorrow’sWeboneonlyhasto
Valentine’sDaymaycomefromtheancientRomanfeastofLuperealia.1thefiercewolvesroamednearbytheoldRomanscalled2thegodLupereustohelpthem.Afestivalinhis3washeldFebruary15th.Ontheeveofthefestivalthe4ofthegirlswerewrittenon5paperandplacedinjars.Eachyoungman6aslip.Thegirlwhosenamewas7wastobehissweetheartfortheyear. Legend8itthattheholidaybecameValentine’sDay9aromanpriestnamedValentine.EmperorClaudiusII10theRomansoldiersnottomarryorbecomeengaged.Claudiusfeltmarriedsoldierswould11stayhomethanfight.WhenValentine12theEmperorandsecretlymarriedtheyoungcoupleshewasputtodeathonFebruary14ththe13ofLupercalia.AfterhisdeathValentinebecamea14.Christianpriestsmovedtheholidayfromthe15thtothe14th---Valentine’sDay.NowtheholidayhonorsValentine15ofLupercus. Valentine’sDayhasbecomeamajor16ofloveandromanceinthemodemworld.TheancientgodCupidandhis17intoalover’sheartmaystillbeusedto18fallinginloveorbeinginlove.ButwealsousecardsandgiftssuchasflowersOrjewelrytodothis.19togiveflowertoawifeorsweetheartonValentine’sDaycansometimesbeas20asforgettingabirthdayoraweddinganniversary. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.12
FormorethantwodecadesU.S.courtshavebeenlimitingaffirmative-actionprogramsinuniversitiesandotherareas.Thelegalrationaleisthatracialpreferencesareunconstitutionaleventhoseintendedtocompensateforracismorintolerance.Formanycollegesthismeansstudentscanbeadmittedonlyonmeritnotontheirraceorethnicity.IthasbeenadivisiveissueacrosstheU.S.aseducatorsblametheprolongedreactiontoaffirmative-actionfordeclinesinminorityadmissions.MeanwhileactivistscontinuetobattleracepreferencesincourtsfromMichigantoNorthCarolina.Nowchiefexecutivesofabouttwodozencompanieshavedecidedtoplungeheadfirstintothispoliticallyunsettleddebate.Theytogetherwith36universitiesand7non-profitableorganizationsformedaforumthatsetforthanactionplanessentiallydesignedtohelpcollegescircumventcourt-imposedrestrictionsonaffirmativeaction.TheCEOs’motive:OuraudienceisgrowingmorediversesothecommunitiesweservebenefitifouremployeesareraciallyandethnicallydiverseaswellsaysoneCEOofacompanythatownsninetelevisionstations.Amongthestepstheformispushing:findingcreativeyetlegalwaystoboostminorityenrollmentthroughnewadmissionspolicies;promotingadmissionsdecisionsthatlookatmorethantestscores;andencouraginguniversitiestostepuptheirminorityoutreachandfinancialaid.Andtocounteraccusationsbycriticstochallengethesetacticsincourtthegroupsaysitwillgivelegalassistancetocollegessuedfortryingthem.Diversitydiminishedbythecourtmustbemadeupforinotherlegitimatelegalwayssaysaforummember.Oneofthemorecontroversialmethodsadvocatedistheso-called10%rule.Theideaisforpublicuniversities--whicheducatethree-quartersofallU.S.undergraduates--toadmitstudentsWhoareinthetop10%oftheirhighschoolgraduatingclass.Doingsoallowscollegestotakeminoritieswhoexcelinaverageurbanschoolseveniftheywouldn’thavemadethecutunderthecurrentstatewiderankingmanyuniversitiesuse.CEOsofbigcompaniesdecidedtohelpcollegesenrollmoreminoritystudentsbecausethey
Thevaluewhichsocietyplacesonworkhastraditionallybeencloselyassociatedwiththevalueofindividualismandasaresultithashadnegativeeffectsonthedevelopmentofsocialsecurity.46Ithasmeantthatinthefirstplacetheamountofbenefitsmustbesmalllestpeople’swillingnesstoworkandsupportthemselvessuffers.Eventodaywithflatrateandearnings-relatedbenefitsthetotalamountofthebenefitmustalwaysbesmallerthantheperson’swagesforfearofmalingering"Thepurposeofsocialsecurity"saidHuntfordreferringtoSweden’scomparativelygenerousbenefits"istodispelneedwithoutcrossingthethresholdofprosperity."47SecondsocialsecuritybenefitsaregrantedunderconditionsdesignedtoreducethelikelihoodofeventheboldestofspiritsattemptingtoliveontheStateratherthanwork.Manyoftherulessurroundingthepaymentofunemploymentorsupplementarybenefitareforthispurpose.Thirdthevalueplacedonworkismanifestedinamorepositivewayasinthecaseofdisability.Peoplesufferingfromaccidentsincurredatworkorfromoccupationaldiseasesreceivepreferentialtreatmentbythesocialsecurityservicecomparedwiththosesufferingfromcivilaccidentsandordinaryillnesses. Yetthestrangleholdwhichworkhasbadonthesocialsecurityservicehasbeenincreasinglyloosenedovertheyears.Theprovisionoffamilyallowancesfamilyincomesupplementstheslightliberalizationofthewagesstoparesomeofthemanifestationsofthistrend.48Similarlythepreferentialtreatmentgiventooccupationaldisabilitybythesocialsecurityservicehasbeenincreasinglyquestionedwiththedemandsfortheupgradingofbenefitsfortheothertypesofdisability.Itisfeltthatincontemporaryindustrialsocietiesthedistinctionbetweenoccupationalandnon-occupationaldisabilityisartificialformanynon-occupationalformsofdisabilityhaveanindustrialorigineveniftheydonotoccurdirectlyintheworkplace.49Thereisalsotheadditionalreasonwhichwementionedintheargumentforonebenefitforallone-parentfamiliesthatamodernsocialsecurityservicemustconcentrateonmeetingneedsirrespectiveofthecausesbehindsuchneeds. Therelationshipbetweensocialsecurityandworkisnotallaone-wayaffair.50Itistruethatuntilveryrecentlythegeneralviewwasthatsocialsecurity"representedatypeofluxuryandwasessentiallyantieconomic".Itwasseenasmerelygovernmentexpenditurefortheneedy.Aswesawhoweverredundancypaymentsandearnings-relatedunemploymentbenefitshavebeenusedwithsomesuccessbyemployersandthegovernmenttoreduceworkers’oppositiontowardslossoftheirjobs. Itistruethatuntilveryrecentlythegeneralviewwasthatsocialsecurityrepresentedatypeofluxuryandwasessentiallyantieconomic.Itwasseenasmerelygovernmentexpenditurefortheneedy.
Valentine’sDaymaycomefromtheancientRomanfeastofLuperealia.1thefiercewolvesroamednearbytheoldRomanscalled2thegodLupereustohelpthem.Afestivalinhis3washeldFebruary15th.Ontheeveofthefestivalthe4ofthegirlswerewrittenon5paperandplacedinjars.Eachyoungman6aslip.Thegirlwhosenamewas7wastobehissweetheartfortheyear. Legend8itthattheholidaybecameValentine’sDay9aromanpriestnamedValentine.EmperorClaudiusII10theRomansoldiersnottomarryorbecomeengaged.Claudiusfeltmarriedsoldierswould11stayhomethanfight.WhenValentine12theEmperorandsecretlymarriedtheyoungcoupleshewasputtodeathonFebruary14ththe13ofLupercalia.AfterhisdeathValentinebecamea14.Christianpriestsmovedtheholidayfromthe15thtothe14th---Valentine’sDay.NowtheholidayhonorsValentine15ofLupercus. Valentine’sDayhasbecomeamajor16ofloveandromanceinthemodemworld.TheancientgodCupidandhis17intoalover’sheartmaystillbeusedto18fallinginloveorbeinginlove.ButwealsousecardsandgiftssuchasflowersOrjewelrytodothis.19togiveflowertoawifeorsweetheartonValentine’sDaycansometimesbeas20asforgettingabirthdayoraweddinganniversary. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.4
I’venevermetahumanworthcloningsayscloningexpertMarkWesthusinfromthecrampedconfinesofhislabatTexasA&MUniversity.It’sastupidendeavor.’That’saninterestingchoiceofadjectivecomingfromamanwhohasspentmillionsofdollarstryingtoclonea13-year-olddognamedMissy.Sofarheandhisteamhavenotsucceededthoughtheyhaveclonedtwocalvesandexpecttocloneacatsoon.TheyjustmightsucceedincloningMissylaterthisyear--orperhapsnotforanotherfiveyears.Itseemsthereproductivesystemofman’sbestfriendisoneofthemysteriesofmodemscience.Westhusin’sexperiencewithcloninganimalsleaveshimvexedbyallthistalkofhumancloning.InthreeyearsofworkontheMissyplicityprojectusinghundredsuponhundredsofcanineeggstheA&MteamhasproducedonlyadozenorsoembryoscarryingMissy’sDNA.Nonehavesurvivedthetransfertoasurrogatemother.Thewastageofeggsandthemanyspontaneouslyabortedfetusesmaybeacceptablewhenyou’redealingwithcatsorbullshearguesbutnotwithhumans.Cloningisincrediblyinefficientandalsodangeroushesays.Evensodogcloningisacommercialopportunitywithaniceresearchpayoff.EversinceDollythesheepwasclonedin1997Westhusin’sphoneatA&MCollegeofVeterinaryMedicinehasbeenringingbusily.CostisnoobstacleforcustomerslikeMissy’smysteriousownerwhowisheshimremainunknowntoprotecthisprivacy.He’sploppeddown$3.7millionsofartofundtheresearchbecausehewantsatwintocarryonMissy’sfinequalitiesaftershedies.Butheknowsherclonemaynothavehertemperament.InastatementofpurposeMissy’sownerandtheA&MteamsaytheyarebothlookingforwardtostudyingthewaysthatherclonediffersfromMissy.ThefateofthedogsampleswilldependonWesthusin’swork.Heknowsthatevenifhegetsadogviablypregnanttheoffspringshouldtheysurvivewillfacetheproblemsshownatbirthbyotherclonedanimals:abnormalitieslikeimmaturelungsandheartandweightproblems.WhywouldyoueverwanttoclonehumansWesthusinaskswhenwe’renotevenclosetogettingitworkedoutinanimalsyet/Wecaninferfromthethirdparagraphthat
FormorethantwodecadesU.S.courtshavebeenlimitingaffirmative-actionprogramsinuniversitiesandotherareas.Thelegalrationaleisthatracialpreferencesareunconstitutionaleventhoseintendedtocompensateforracismorintolerance.Formanycollegesthismeansstudentscanbeadmittedonlyonmeritnotontheirraceorethnicity.IthasbeenadivisiveissueacrosstheU.S.aseducatorsblametheprolongedreactiontoaffirmative-actionfordeclinesinminorityadmissions.MeanwhileactivistscontinuetobattleracepreferencesincourtsfromMichigantoNorthCarolina.Nowchiefexecutivesofabouttwodozencompanieshavedecidedtoplungeheadfirstintothispoliticallyunsettleddebate.Theytogetherwith36universitiesand7non-profitableorganizationsformedaforumthatsetforthanactionplanessentiallydesignedtohelpcollegescircumventcourt-imposedrestrictionsonaffirmativeaction.TheCEOs’motive:OuraudienceisgrowingmorediversesothecommunitiesweservebenefitifouremployeesareraciallyandethnicallydiverseaswellsaysoneCEOofacompanythatownsninetelevisionstations.Amongthestepstheformispushing:findingcreativeyetlegalwaystoboostminorityenrollmentthroughnewadmissionspolicies;promotingadmissionsdecisionsthatlookatmorethantestscores;andencouraginguniversitiestostepuptheirminorityoutreachandfinancialaid.Andtocounteraccusationsbycriticstochallengethesetacticsincourtthegroupsaysitwillgivelegalassistancetocollegessuedfortryingthem.Diversitydiminishedbythecourtmustbemadeupforinotherlegitimatelegalwayssaysaforummember.Oneofthemorecontroversialmethodsadvocatedistheso-called10%rule.Theideaisforpublicuniversities--whicheducatethree-quartersofallU.S.undergraduates--toadmitstudentsWhoareinthetop10%oftheirhighschoolgraduatingclass.Doingsoallowscollegestotakeminoritieswhoexcelinaverageurbanschoolseveniftheywouldn’thavemadethecutunderthecurrentstatewiderankingmanyuniversitiesuse.U.S.courtrestrictionsonaffirmative-actionsignifythat
Valentine’sDaymaycomefromtheancientRomanfeastofLuperealia.1thefiercewolvesroamednearbytheoldRomanscalled2thegodLupereustohelpthem.Afestivalinhis3washeldFebruary15th.Ontheeveofthefestivalthe4ofthegirlswerewrittenon5paperandplacedinjars.Eachyoungman6aslip.Thegirlwhosenamewas7wastobehissweetheartfortheyear. Legend8itthattheholidaybecameValentine’sDay9aromanpriestnamedValentine.EmperorClaudiusII10theRomansoldiersnottomarryorbecomeengaged.Claudiusfeltmarriedsoldierswould11stayhomethanfight.WhenValentine12theEmperorandsecretlymarriedtheyoungcoupleshewasputtodeathonFebruary14ththe13ofLupercalia.AfterhisdeathValentinebecamea14.Christianpriestsmovedtheholidayfromthe15thtothe14th---Valentine’sDay.NowtheholidayhonorsValentine15ofLupercus. Valentine’sDayhasbecomeamajor16ofloveandromanceinthemodemworld.TheancientgodCupidandhis17intoalover’sheartmaystillbeusedto18fallinginloveorbeinginlove.ButwealsousecardsandgiftssuchasflowersOrjewelrytodothis.19togiveflowertoawifeorsweetheartonValentine’sDaycansometimesbeas20asforgettingabirthdayoraweddinganniversary. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10
ThemakingofweathervanesdevicesfixedonthetopofbuildingstoshowdirectionsofthewindisanancientskillgoingbacktoearlyEgyptiantimes.TodaythecraftisstillverymuchaliveintheworkshopthatGrahamSmithhassetup.Heisoneofthefewpeopleinthecountrywhomakehand-cutweathervanes.Graham’sdesignsareindividuallycreatedandtailoredtothespecificrequirementsofhiscustomers."ThatwayIcanproduceauniquepersonalizeditem"heexplains"Alotofmycustomersarewomenbuyingpresentsfortheirhusbands.Theywantadistinctivegiftthatrepresentstheman’sbusinessorleisureinterests." It’sallafarcryfromthetraditionalcockthemostcommondesignforweathervanes. ItwasnotacockbutawitchonabroomstickthatfeaturedonthefirstweathervaneGrahamevermade.Friendsadmiredhissurprisepresentforhiswifeandbeganaskinghimtomakevanesforthem."Irealizedthatwhenitcametosubjectsthatcouldbemadeintothemthepossibilitieswerelimitless"hesays. 41___________________ Thatwasfiveyearsagoandhehasnoregretsabouthisnewdirection."Mypreviousworkdidn’thaveanartisticelementtoitwhereasthisisexcitingandcreative"hesays"Ireallyenjoythedesignside." 42___________________ Grahamalsokeepsplentyoftraditionaldesignsinstocksincetheyproveaspopularastheone-offs."Itseemsthatpeopleareattractedtohandcrafting’Grahamsays"Theywelcometheopportunitytoacquiresomethingalittlebitdifferent." 43___________________ "Ihavefoundmyplaceinthemarket.PeoplelovetheindividualityandIgetalotofsatisfactionfromseeinganondescriptshapeturnintosomethingalmostlifelike’hesays. 44 "Andnowadayswithmoreandmorepeoplemovingtothecountryindividualswanttoputanexclusivefinishingtouchtotheirproperties.Ithasbeanaboosttocraftslikemines" 45___________________ AmericanandDanishhuyersinparticularareshowinginterest."Pricing"heexplains"dependsontheintricacyofthedesign."Hismostrecentrequestwasforacurly-coateddog.WhatevertheoccasionGrahamcancreateagiftwithadifference. [A]Grahamhasbecomeincreasinglybusysupplyingflat-packedweathervanestoclientsworldwide. [B]Grahamdecidedtoconcentratehiseffortsonaweathervanebusiness.Hehadservedanapprenticeshipasaprecisionengineerandhadworkedinthattradefor15yearswhenheandhiswifeLizagreedtoswaprole--shewentouttoworkasanarchitecturalassistantandhestayedathometolookafterthechildrenandbuildupthebusiness. [C]Lastmonthalocalschoolwasopenedwithhisgalleonshipweathervanehoistedaboveit. [D]"Forcenturiesweathervaneshavekeptcommunitiesintouchwiththeelementssignalingthoseshiftsinwinddirectionsthatbringaboutchangesintheweather"heexplains. [E]Grahamhasnoplansforexpansionashewantstokeepthebusinessasaruralcraft. [F]Grahamhasnowperfectedover100originaldesigns.Heworkstoveryfinedetailalwaysseekingapprovalforthedesignofthesilhouettefromthecustomerbeforeproceedingwiththehand-cutting. 42
Valentine’sDaymaycomefromtheancientRomanfeastofLuperealia.1thefiercewolvesroamednearbytheoldRomanscalled2thegodLupereustohelpthem.Afestivalinhis3washeldFebruary15th.Ontheeveofthefestivalthe4ofthegirlswerewrittenon5paperandplacedinjars.Eachyoungman6aslip.Thegirlwhosenamewas7wastobehissweetheartfortheyear. Legend8itthattheholidaybecameValentine’sDay9aromanpriestnamedValentine.EmperorClaudiusII10theRomansoldiersnottomarryorbecomeengaged.Claudiusfeltmarriedsoldierswould11stayhomethanfight.WhenValentine12theEmperorandsecretlymarriedtheyoungcoupleshewasputtodeathonFebruary14ththe13ofLupercalia.AfterhisdeathValentinebecamea14.Christianpriestsmovedtheholidayfromthe15thtothe14th---Valentine’sDay.NowtheholidayhonorsValentine15ofLupercus. Valentine’sDayhasbecomeamajor16ofloveandromanceinthemodemworld.TheancientgodCupidandhis17intoalover’sheartmaystillbeusedto18fallinginloveorbeinginlove.ButwealsousecardsandgiftssuchasflowersOrjewelrytodothis.19togiveflowertoawifeorsweetheartonValentine’sDaycansometimesbeas20asforgettingabirthdayoraweddinganniversary. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.14
PositivesurprisesfromgovernmentreportsonretailsalesindustrialproductionandhousinginthepastfewmonthsareleadingeconomiststorevisetheirrealgrossdomesticproductforecastsupwardsupportingthenotionthattherecessionendedinDecemberorJanuary.Bearinmind:Thisrecoverywon’thavethevitalitynormallyassociatedwithanupturn.EconomistsnowexpectrealGDPgrowthofabout1.5%inthefirstquarter.That’sbetterthanthe0.4%theconsensusprojectedinDecemberbutmuchoftheadditionalgrowthwillcomefromaslowerpaceofinventorydrawdownsnotfromsurgingdemand.Moreovertheeconomywon’tgrowfastenoughtohelpthelabormarketsmuch.TheonlygoodnewsthereisthatjoblessclaimshavefallenbackfromtheirspikeafterSeptember11andthattheircurrentlevelsuggeststhepaceoflayoffsiseasing.TherecoveryalsodoesnotmeantheFederalReservewillraiseinterestratessoon.TheJanuarypriceindexesshowthatinflationremainstame.ConsequentlytheFedcantakeitstimeshiftingmonetarypolicyfromextremeaccommodationtorelativeneutrality.PerhapsthebestnewsfromthelatesteconomicreportswastheJanuarydataonindustrialproduction.Totaloutputfellonly0.1%itsbestshowingsinceJuly.Factoryoutputwasflatalsothebestperformanceinsixmonths.Thosenumbersmaynotsoundencouragingbutmanufacturershavebeeninrecessionsincelate2000Thedatasuggestthatthefactorysectorisfindingabottomfromwhichtostartitsrecovery.Productionofconsumergoodsforinstanceisalmostbackuptowhereitwasayearago.That’sbecauseconsumerdemandformotorvehiclesandothergoodsandthehousingindustryremainedhealthyduringtherecessionandtheyarestillgrowinginearly2002.Besidesboththemonthlyhomebuildingstartsnumberandthehousingmarketindexforthepasttwomonthsarerunningabovetheiraveragesforallof2001suggestingthathomebuildingisofftoagoodstartandprobablywon’tbeabigdragonGDPgrowththisyear.Equallyimportanttotheoutlookishowthesolidhousingmarketwillhelpdemandforhome-relatedgoodsandservices.Traditionallyconsumersbuythebulkoftheirfurnitureelectronicsandtextileswithinayearofpurchasingtheirhomes.Thusspendingonsuchitemswilldowellthisyearevenascarsalesslipnowthatincentivesarelessattractive.Lookfortheoutputofconsumergoodstotopyear-agolevelsincomingmonths.Eventhebusinessequipmentsectorseemstohavebottomedout.Itsoutputrose0.4%inJanuaryledbya0.6%jumpcomputergear.Apickupinordersforcapitalgoodsinthefourthquartersuggeststhatproductionwillkeepincreasing--althoughatarelaxedpace--incomingmonths.ThemostencouragingfactabouttheUSeconomyisthat
TimothyBerners-LeemightbegivingBillGatesarunforthemoneybuthepasseduphisshotatfabulouswealth--intentionally--in1990.That’swhenhedecidednottopatentthetechnologyusedtocreatethemostimportantsoftwareinnovationinthefinaldecadeofthe20thcentury:theWorldWideWeb.Berners-Leewantedtomaketheworldaricherplacenotamasspersonalwealth.Sohegavehisbrainchildtousall.Berners-Leeregardstoday’sWebasarebelliousadolescentthatcanneverfulfillhisoriginalexpectations.By2005hehopestobeginreplacingitwiththeSemanticWeb--asmartnetworkthatwillfinallyunderstandhumanlanguagesandmakecomputersvirtuallyaseasytoworkwithasotherhumans.AsenvisionedbyBerners-LeethenewWebwouldunderstandnotonlythemeaningofwordsandconceptsbutalsotheologicalrelationshipsamongthem.Thathasawesomepotential.Mostknowledgeisbuiltontwopillars:semanticandmathematics.Innumber-crunchingcomputersalreadyoutclasspeople.Machinesthatareequallyadmitatdealingwithlanguageandreasonwon’tjusthelppeopleuncovernewinsights;theycouldblazenewtrailsontheirown.EvenwithafairlycrudeversionofthisfutureWebminingonlinerepositoriesfornuggetsofknowledgewouldnolongerforcepeopletowadethroughscreenafterscreenofextraneousdata.InsteadcomputerswoulddispatchintelligentagentsorsoftwaremessengerstoexploreWebsitesbythethousandsandlogicallysiftoutjustwhat’srelevant.Thatalonewouldprovideamajorboostinproductivityatworkandathome.Butthere’sfarmore.Softwareagentscouldalsotakeonmanyroutinebusinesschoressuchashelpingmanufacturersfindandnegotiatewithlowest-costpartssuppliersandhandlinghelp-deskquestions.TheSemanticWebwouldalsobeabottomlesstroveofeurekainsights.Mostinventionsandscientificbreakthronghsincludingtoday’sWebspringfromnovelcombinationsofexistingknowledge.TheSemanticWebwouldmakeitpossibletoevaluatemorecombinationsovernightthanapersoncouldjuggleinalifetime.SurescientistsandotherpeoplecanpostideasontheWebtodayforotherstoread.ButwithmachinesdoingthereadingandtranslatingtechnicaltermsrelatedideasfrommillionsofWebpagescouldbedistilledandsummarized.Thatwilllifttheabilitytoassessandintegrateinformationtonewheights.TheSemanticWebBerners-Leepredictswillhelpmorepeoplebecomemoreintuitiveaswellasmoreanalytical.Itwillfosterglobalcollaborationsamongpeoplewithdiverseculturalperspectivessowehaveabetterchanceoffindingtherightsolutionstothereallybigissues--liketheenvironmentandclimatewarming./Themostappropriatetitleforthistextis
ThemakingofweathervanesdevicesfixedonthetopofbuildingstoshowdirectionsofthewindisanancientskillgoingbacktoearlyEgyptiantimes.TodaythecraftisstillverymuchaliveintheworkshopthatGrahamSmithhassetup.Heisoneofthefewpeopleinthecountrywhomakehand-cutweathervanes.Graham’sdesignsareindividuallycreatedandtailoredtothespecificrequirementsofhiscustomers."ThatwayIcanproduceauniquepersonalizeditem"heexplains"Alotofmycustomersarewomenbuyingpresentsfortheirhusbands.Theywantadistinctivegiftthatrepresentstheman’sbusinessorleisureinterests." It’sallafarcryfromthetraditionalcockthemostcommondesignforweathervanes. ItwasnotacockbutawitchonabroomstickthatfeaturedonthefirstweathervaneGrahamevermade.Friendsadmiredhissurprisepresentforhiswifeandbeganaskinghimtomakevanesforthem."Irealizedthatwhenitcametosubjectsthatcouldbemadeintothemthepossibilitieswerelimitless"hesays. 41___________________ Thatwasfiveyearsagoandhehasnoregretsabouthisnewdirection."Mypreviousworkdidn’thaveanartisticelementtoitwhereasthisisexcitingandcreative"hesays"Ireallyenjoythedesignside." 42___________________ Grahamalsokeepsplentyoftraditionaldesignsinstocksincetheyproveaspopularastheone-offs."Itseemsthatpeopleareattractedtohandcrafting’Grahamsays"Theywelcometheopportunitytoacquiresomethingalittlebitdifferent." 43___________________ "Ihavefoundmyplaceinthemarket.PeoplelovetheindividualityandIgetalotofsatisfactionfromseeinganondescriptshapeturnintosomethingalmostlifelike’hesays. 44 "Andnowadayswithmoreandmorepeoplemovingtothecountryindividualswanttoputanexclusivefinishingtouchtotheirproperties.Ithasbeanaboosttocraftslikemines" 45___________________ AmericanandDanishhuyersinparticularareshowinginterest."Pricing"heexplains"dependsontheintricacyofthedesign."Hismostrecentrequestwasforacurly-coateddog.WhatevertheoccasionGrahamcancreateagiftwithadifference. [A]Grahamhasbecomeincreasinglybusysupplyingflat-packedweathervanestoclientsworldwide. [B]Grahamdecidedtoconcentratehiseffortsonaweathervanebusiness.Hehadservedanapprenticeshipasaprecisionengineerandhadworkedinthattradefor15yearswhenheandhiswifeLizagreedtoswaprole--shewentouttoworkasanarchitecturalassistantandhestayedathometolookafterthechildrenandbuildupthebusiness. [C]Lastmonthalocalschoolwasopenedwithhisgalleonshipweathervanehoistedaboveit. [D]"Forcenturiesweathervaneshavekeptcommunitiesintouchwiththeelementssignalingthoseshiftsinwinddirectionsthatbringaboutchangesintheweather"heexplains. [E]Grahamhasnoplansforexpansionashewantstokeepthebusinessasaruralcraft. [F]Grahamhasnowperfectedover100originaldesigns.Heworkstoveryfinedetailalwaysseekingapprovalforthedesignofthesilhouettefromthecustomerbeforeproceedingwiththehand-cutting. 44
FormorethantwodecadesU.S.courtshavebeenlimitingaffirmative-actionprogramsinuniversitiesandotherareas.Thelegalrationaleisthatracialpreferencesareunconstitutionaleventhoseintendedtocompensateforracismorintolerance.Formanycollegesthismeansstudentscanbeadmittedonlyonmeritnotontheirraceorethnicity.IthasbeenadivisiveissueacrosstheU.S.aseducatorsblametheprolongedreactiontoaffirmative-actionfordeclinesinminorityadmissions.MeanwhileactivistscontinuetobattleracepreferencesincourtsfromMichigantoNorthCarolina.Nowchiefexecutivesofabouttwodozencompanieshavedecidedtoplungeheadfirstintothispoliticallyunsettleddebate.Theytogetherwith36universitiesand7non-profitableorganizationsformedaforumthatsetforthanactionplanessentiallydesignedtohelpcollegescircumventcourt-imposedrestrictionsonaffirmativeaction.TheCEOs’motive:OuraudienceisgrowingmorediversesothecommunitiesweservebenefitifouremployeesareraciallyandethnicallydiverseaswellsaysoneCEOofacompanythatownsninetelevisionstations.Amongthestepstheformispushing:findingcreativeyetlegalwaystoboostminorityenrollmentthroughnewadmissionspolicies;promotingadmissionsdecisionsthatlookatmorethantestscores;andencouraginguniversitiestostepuptheirminorityoutreachandfinancialaid.Andtocounteraccusationsbycriticstochallengethesetacticsincourtthegroupsaysitwillgivelegalassistancetocollegessuedfortryingthem.Diversitydiminishedbythecourtmustbemadeupforinotherlegitimatelegalwayssaysaforummember.Oneofthemorecontroversialmethodsadvocatedistheso-called10%rule.Theideaisforpublicuniversities--whicheducatethree-quartersofallU.S.undergraduates--toadmitstudentsWhoareinthetop10%oftheirhighschoolgraduatingclass.Doingsoallowscollegestotakeminoritieswhoexcelinaverageurbanschoolseveniftheywouldn’thavemadethecutunderthecurrentstatewiderankingmanyuniversitiesuse.Ifthe10%ruleisapplied
Valentine’sDaymaycomefromtheancientRomanfeastofLuperealia.1thefiercewolvesroamednearbytheoldRomanscalled2thegodLupereustohelpthem.Afestivalinhis3washeldFebruary15th.Ontheeveofthefestivalthe4ofthegirlswerewrittenon5paperandplacedinjars.Eachyoungman6aslip.Thegirlwhosenamewas7wastobehissweetheartfortheyear. Legend8itthattheholidaybecameValentine’sDay9aromanpriestnamedValentine.EmperorClaudiusII10theRomansoldiersnottomarryorbecomeengaged.Claudiusfeltmarriedsoldierswould11stayhomethanfight.WhenValentine12theEmperorandsecretlymarriedtheyoungcoupleshewasputtodeathonFebruary14ththe13ofLupercalia.AfterhisdeathValentinebecamea14.Christianpriestsmovedtheholidayfromthe15thtothe14th---Valentine’sDay.NowtheholidayhonorsValentine15ofLupercus. Valentine’sDayhasbecomeamajor16ofloveandromanceinthemodemworld.TheancientgodCupidandhis17intoalover’sheartmaystillbeusedto18fallinginloveorbeinginlove.ButwealsousecardsandgiftssuchasflowersOrjewelrytodothis.19togiveflowertoawifeorsweetheartonValentine’sDaycansometimesbeas20asforgettingabirthdayoraweddinganniversary. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.18
Thevaluewhichsocietyplacesonworkhastraditionallybeencloselyassociatedwiththevalueofindividualismandasaresultithashadnegativeeffectsonthedevelopmentofsocialsecurity.46Ithasmeantthatinthefirstplacetheamountofbenefitsmustbesmalllestpeople’swillingnesstoworkandsupportthemselvessuffers.Eventodaywithflatrateandearnings-relatedbenefitsthetotalamountofthebenefitmustalwaysbesmallerthantheperson’swagesforfearofmalingering"Thepurposeofsocialsecurity"saidHuntfordreferringtoSweden’scomparativelygenerousbenefits"istodispelneedwithoutcrossingthethresholdofprosperity."47SecondsocialsecuritybenefitsaregrantedunderconditionsdesignedtoreducethelikelihoodofeventheboldestofspiritsattemptingtoliveontheStateratherthanwork.Manyoftherulessurroundingthepaymentofunemploymentorsupplementarybenefitareforthispurpose.Thirdthevalueplacedonworkismanifestedinamorepositivewayasinthecaseofdisability.Peoplesufferingfromaccidentsincurredatworkorfromoccupationaldiseasesreceivepreferentialtreatmentbythesocialsecurityservicecomparedwiththosesufferingfromcivilaccidentsandordinaryillnesses. Yetthestrangleholdwhichworkhasbadonthesocialsecurityservicehasbeenincreasinglyloosenedovertheyears.Theprovisionoffamilyallowancesfamilyincomesupplementstheslightliberalizationofthewagesstoparesomeofthemanifestationsofthistrend.48Similarlythepreferentialtreatmentgiventooccupationaldisabilitybythesocialsecurityservicehasbeenincreasinglyquestionedwiththedemandsfortheupgradingofbenefitsfortheothertypesofdisability.Itisfeltthatincontemporaryindustrialsocietiesthedistinctionbetweenoccupationalandnon-occupationaldisabilityisartificialformanynon-occupationalformsofdisabilityhaveanindustrialorigineveniftheydonotoccurdirectlyintheworkplace.49Thereisalsotheadditionalreasonwhichwementionedintheargumentforonebenefitforallone-parentfamiliesthatamodernsocialsecurityservicemustconcentrateonmeetingneedsirrespectiveofthecausesbehindsuchneeds. Therelationshipbetweensocialsecurityandworkisnotallaone-wayaffair.50Itistruethatuntilveryrecentlythegeneralviewwasthatsocialsecurity"representedatypeofluxuryandwasessentiallyantieconomic".Itwasseenasmerelygovernmentexpenditurefortheneedy.Aswesawhoweverredundancypaymentsandearnings-relatedunemploymentbenefitshavebeenusedwithsomesuccessbyemployersandthegovernmenttoreduceworkers’oppositiontowardslossoftheirjobs. Ithasmeantthatinthefirstplacetheamountofbenefitsmustbesmalllestpeople’swillingnesstoworkandsupportthemselvessuffers.
Valentine’sDaymaycomefromtheancientRomanfeastofLuperealia.1thefiercewolvesroamednearbytheoldRomanscalled2thegodLupereustohelpthem.Afestivalinhis3washeldFebruary15th.Ontheeveofthefestivalthe4ofthegirlswerewrittenon5paperandplacedinjars.Eachyoungman6aslip.Thegirlwhosenamewas7wastobehissweetheartfortheyear. Legend8itthattheholidaybecameValentine’sDay9aromanpriestnamedValentine.EmperorClaudiusII10theRomansoldiersnottomarryorbecomeengaged.Claudiusfeltmarriedsoldierswould11stayhomethanfight.WhenValentine12theEmperorandsecretlymarriedtheyoungcoupleshewasputtodeathonFebruary14ththe13ofLupercalia.AfterhisdeathValentinebecamea14.Christianpriestsmovedtheholidayfromthe15thtothe14th---Valentine’sDay.NowtheholidayhonorsValentine15ofLupercus. Valentine’sDayhasbecomeamajor16ofloveandromanceinthemodemworld.TheancientgodCupidandhis17intoalover’sheartmaystillbeusedto18fallinginloveorbeinginlove.ButwealsousecardsandgiftssuchasflowersOrjewelrytodothis.19togiveflowertoawifeorsweetheartonValentine’sDaycansometimesbeas20asforgettingabirthdayoraweddinganniversary. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.6
TimothyBerners-LeemightbegivingBillGatesarunforthemoneybuthepasseduphisshotatfabulouswealth--intentionally--in1990.That’swhenhedecidednottopatentthetechnologyusedtocreatethemostimportantsoftwareinnovationinthefinaldecadeofthe20thcentury:theWorldWideWeb.Berners-Leewantedtomaketheworldaricherplacenotamasspersonalwealth.Sohegavehisbrainchildtousall.Berners-Leeregardstoday’sWebasarebelliousadolescentthatcanneverfulfillhisoriginalexpectations.By2005hehopestobeginreplacingitwiththeSemanticWeb--asmartnetworkthatwillfinallyunderstandhumanlanguagesandmakecomputersvirtuallyaseasytoworkwithasotherhumans.AsenvisionedbyBerners-LeethenewWebwouldunderstandnotonlythemeaningofwordsandconceptsbutalsotheologicalrelationshipsamongthem.Thathasawesomepotential.Mostknowledgeisbuiltontwopillars:semanticandmathematics.Innumber-crunchingcomputersalreadyoutclasspeople.Machinesthatareequallyadmitatdealingwithlanguageandreasonwon’tjusthelppeopleuncovernewinsights;theycouldblazenewtrailsontheirown.EvenwithafairlycrudeversionofthisfutureWebminingonlinerepositoriesfornuggetsofknowledgewouldnolongerforcepeopletowadethroughscreenafterscreenofextraneousdata.InsteadcomputerswoulddispatchintelligentagentsorsoftwaremessengerstoexploreWebsitesbythethousandsandlogicallysiftoutjustwhat’srelevant.Thatalonewouldprovideamajorboostinproductivityatworkandathome.Butthere’sfarmore.Softwareagentscouldalsotakeonmanyroutinebusinesschoressuchashelpingmanufacturersfindandnegotiatewithlowest-costpartssuppliersandhandlinghelp-deskquestions.TheSemanticWebwouldalsobeabottomlesstroveofeurekainsights.Mostinventionsandscientificbreakthronghsincludingtoday’sWebspringfromnovelcombinationsofexistingknowledge.TheSemanticWebwouldmakeitpossibletoevaluatemorecombinationsovernightthanapersoncouldjuggleinalifetime.SurescientistsandotherpeoplecanpostideasontheWebtodayforotherstoread.ButwithmachinesdoingthereadingandtranslatingtechnicaltermsrelatedideasfrommillionsofWebpagescouldbedistilledandsummarized.Thatwilllifttheabilitytoassessandintegrateinformationtonewheights.TheSemanticWebBerners-Leepredictswillhelpmorepeoplebecomemoreintuitiveaswellasmoreanalytical.Itwillfosterglobalcollaborationsamongpeoplewithdiverseculturalperspectivessowehaveabetterchanceoffindingtherightsolutionstothereallybigissues--liketheenvironmentandclimatewarming./HadhelikedBerners-Leecouldhave
Valentine’sDaymaycomefromtheancientRomanfeastofLuperealia.1thefiercewolvesroamednearbytheoldRomanscalled2thegodLupereustohelpthem.Afestivalinhis3washeldFebruary15th.Ontheeveofthefestivalthe4ofthegirlswerewrittenon5paperandplacedinjars.Eachyoungman6aslip.Thegirlwhosenamewas7wastobehissweetheartfortheyear. Legend8itthattheholidaybecameValentine’sDay9aromanpriestnamedValentine.EmperorClaudiusII10theRomansoldiersnottomarryorbecomeengaged.Claudiusfeltmarriedsoldierswould11stayhomethanfight.WhenValentine12theEmperorandsecretlymarriedtheyoungcoupleshewasputtodeathonFebruary14ththe13ofLupercalia.AfterhisdeathValentinebecamea14.Christianpriestsmovedtheholidayfromthe15thtothe14th---Valentine’sDay.NowtheholidayhonorsValentine15ofLupercus. Valentine’sDayhasbecomeamajor16ofloveandromanceinthemodemworld.TheancientgodCupidandhis17intoalover’sheartmaystillbeusedto18fallinginloveorbeinginlove.ButwealsousecardsandgiftssuchasflowersOrjewelrytodothis.19togiveflowertoawifeorsweetheartonValentine’sDaycansometimesbeas20asforgettingabirthdayoraweddinganniversary. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.20
Instudyingboththerecurrenceofspecialhabitsorideasinseveraldistrictsandtheirprevalencewithineachdistricttherecomebeforeusever-repeatedproofsofregularcausationproducingthephenomenaofhumanlifeandoflawsofmaintenanceanddiffusionconditionsofsocietyatdefinitestagesofculture.Butwhilegivingfullimportancetotheevidencebearingonthesestandardconditionsofsocietyletusbecarefultoavoidapitfallwhichmayentraptheunwarystudent.Ofcoursetheopinionsandhabitsbelongingincommontomassesofmankindaretoagreatextenttheresultsofsoundjudgmentandpracticalwisdom.Buttoagreatextentitisnotso.Thatmanynumeroussocietiesofmenshouldhavebelievedintheinfluenceoftheevileyeandtheexistenceofafirmamentshouldhavesacrificedslavesandgoodstotheghostsofthedepartedshouldhavehandeddowntraditionsofgiantsslayingmonstersandmenturningintobeast--allthisisgroundforholdingthatsuchideaswereindeedproducedinmen’smindsbyefficientcausesbutitisnotgroundforholdingthattheritesinquestionareprofitablethebeliefssoundandthehistoryauthentic.Thismayseematthefirstglanceatruismbutinfactitisthedenialofafallacywhichdeeplyaffectsthemindsofallbutasmallcriticalminorityofmankind.Popularlywhateverybodysaysmustbetruewhateverybodydoesmustberight--QuodubiquequodsemperquodabomnibuscreditumesthocestverepropriequeCatholicum’--andmforth.Therearevarioustopicsespeciallyinhistorylawphilosophyandtheologywhereeventheeducatedpeopleweliveamongcanhardlybebroughttoseethatthecausewhymendoholdanopinionorpractiseacustomisbynomeansnecessarilyareasonwhytheyoughttodoso.Nowcollectionsofethnographicevidencebringingsoprominentlyintoviewtheagreementofimmensemultitudesofmenastocertaintraditionsbeliefsandusagesarepeculiarlyliabletobethusimproperlyusedindirectdefenseoftheseinstitutionsthemselvesevenoldbarbaricnationsbeingpolledtomaintaintheiropinionsagainstwhatarecalledmodernideas.AsithasmorethanoncehappenedtomyselftofindmycollectionsoftraditionsandbeliefsthussetuptoprovetheirownobjectivetruthwithoutproperexaminationofthegroundsonwhichtheywereactuallyreceivedItakethisoccasionofremarkingthatthesamelineofargumentwillserveequallywelltodemonstratebythestrongandwideconsentofnationsthattheearthisflatandnightmarethevisitofademon.WhichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothestatementTherearevarious..todosoLines14--17
Valentine’sDaymaycomefromtheancientRomanfeastofLuperealia.1thefiercewolvesroamednearbytheoldRomanscalled2thegodLupereustohelpthem.Afestivalinhis3washeldFebruary15th.Ontheeveofthefestivalthe4ofthegirlswerewrittenon5paperandplacedinjars.Eachyoungman6aslip.Thegirlwhosenamewas7wastobehissweetheartfortheyear. Legend8itthattheholidaybecameValentine’sDay9aromanpriestnamedValentine.EmperorClaudiusII10theRomansoldiersnottomarryorbecomeengaged.Claudiusfeltmarriedsoldierswould11stayhomethanfight.WhenValentine12theEmperorandsecretlymarriedtheyoungcoupleshewasputtodeathonFebruary14ththe13ofLupercalia.AfterhisdeathValentinebecamea14.Christianpriestsmovedtheholidayfromthe15thtothe14th---Valentine’sDay.NowtheholidayhonorsValentine15ofLupercus. Valentine’sDayhasbecomeamajor16ofloveandromanceinthemodemworld.TheancientgodCupidandhis17intoalover’sheartmaystillbeusedto18fallinginloveorbeinginlove.ButwealsousecardsandgiftssuchasflowersOrjewelrytodothis.19togiveflowertoawifeorsweetheartonValentine’sDaycansometimesbeas20asforgettingabirthdayoraweddinganniversary. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.8
PositivesurprisesfromgovernmentreportsonretailsalesindustrialproductionandhousinginthepastfewmonthsareleadingeconomiststorevisetheirrealgrossdomesticproductforecastsupwardsupportingthenotionthattherecessionendedinDecemberorJanuary.Bearinmind:Thisrecoverywon’thavethevitalitynormallyassociatedwithanupturn.EconomistsnowexpectrealGDPgrowthofabout1.5%inthefirstquarter.That’sbetterthanthe0.4%theconsensusprojectedinDecemberbutmuchoftheadditionalgrowthwillcomefromaslowerpaceofinventorydrawdownsnotfromsurgingdemand.Moreovertheeconomywon’tgrowfastenoughtohelpthelabormarketsmuch.TheonlygoodnewsthereisthatjoblessclaimshavefallenbackfromtheirspikeafterSeptember11andthattheircurrentlevelsuggeststhepaceoflayoffsiseasing.TherecoveryalsodoesnotmeantheFederalReservewillraiseinterestratessoon.TheJanuarypriceindexesshowthatinflationremainstame.ConsequentlytheFedcantakeitstimeshiftingmonetarypolicyfromextremeaccommodationtorelativeneutrality.PerhapsthebestnewsfromthelatesteconomicreportswastheJanuarydataonindustrialproduction.Totaloutputfellonly0.1%itsbestshowingsinceJuly.Factoryoutputwasflatalsothebestperformanceinsixmonths.Thosenumbersmaynotsoundencouragingbutmanufacturershavebeeninrecessionsincelate2000Thedatasuggestthatthefactorysectorisfindingabottomfromwhichtostartitsrecovery.Productionofconsumergoodsforinstanceisalmostbackuptowhereitwasayearago.That’sbecauseconsumerdemandformotorvehiclesandothergoodsandthehousingindustryremainedhealthyduringtherecessionandtheyarestillgrowinginearly2002.Besidesboththemonthlyhomebuildingstartsnumberandthehousingmarketindexforthepasttwomonthsarerunningabovetheiraveragesforallof2001suggestingthathomebuildingisofftoagoodstartandprobablywon’tbeabigdragonGDPgrowththisyear.Equallyimportanttotheoutlookishowthesolidhousingmarketwillhelpdemandforhome-relatedgoodsandservices.Traditionallyconsumersbuythebulkoftheirfurnitureelectronicsandtextileswithinayearofpurchasingtheirhomes.Thusspendingonsuchitemswilldowellthisyearevenascarsalesslipnowthatincentivesarelessattractive.Lookfortheoutputofconsumergoodstotopyear-agolevelsincomingmonths.Eventhebusinessequipmentsectorseemstohavebottomedout.Itsoutputrose0.4%inJanuaryledbya0.6%jumpcomputergear.Apickupinordersforcapitalgoodsinthefourthquartersuggeststhatproductionwillkeepincreasing--althoughatarelaxedpace--incomingmonths.Inspiteofthegoodnewstheauthorsoundsrelativelymorereservedabout
Valentine’sDaymaycomefromtheancientRomanfeastofLuperealia.1thefiercewolvesroamednearbytheoldRomanscalled2thegodLupereustohelpthem.Afestivalinhis3washeldFebruary15th.Ontheeveofthefestivalthe4ofthegirlswerewrittenon5paperandplacedinjars.Eachyoungman6aslip.Thegirlwhosenamewas7wastobehissweetheartfortheyear. Legend8itthattheholidaybecameValentine’sDay9aromanpriestnamedValentine.EmperorClaudiusII10theRomansoldiersnottomarryorbecomeengaged.Claudiusfeltmarriedsoldierswould11stayhomethanfight.WhenValentine12theEmperorandsecretlymarriedtheyoungcoupleshewasputtodeathonFebruary14ththe13ofLupercalia.AfterhisdeathValentinebecamea14.Christianpriestsmovedtheholidayfromthe15thtothe14th---Valentine’sDay.NowtheholidayhonorsValentine15ofLupercus. Valentine’sDayhasbecomeamajor16ofloveandromanceinthemodemworld.TheancientgodCupidandhis17intoalover’sheartmaystillbeusedto18fallinginloveorbeinginlove.ButwealsousecardsandgiftssuchasflowersOrjewelrytodothis.19togiveflowertoawifeorsweetheartonValentine’sDaycansometimesbeas20asforgettingabirthdayoraweddinganniversary. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.16
TheauthorofsomefortynovelsanumberofplaysvolumesofversehistoricalcriticalandautobiographicalworksaneditorandtranslatorJackLindsayisclearlyanextraordinarilyprolificwriter--afactwhichcaneasilyobscurehisveryrealdistinctioninsomeoftheareasintowhichhebasventured.HiscoeditorshipofVisioninSydneyintheearly1920’sforexampleisstillfelttohaveintroducedasignificantperiodinAustralianculturewhilehisstudyofKickenswrittenin1950ishighlyregarded.Butofallhisworkitisprobablythenoveltowhichhehasmadehismostsignificantcontribution.Since1936whentousehisownwordsinFanfrolicoandafterhereachedbedrockLindsaybasmaintainedaconsistentMarxistviewpoint--anditisthisviewpointwhichifnothingelsehasguaranteedhisnovelsaminorbutcertainlynotnegligibleplaceinmodernBritishliterature.FeelingthatthehistoricalnovelisaformthatbasalimitlessfutureasafightingweaponandasaculturalinstrumentNewMassesJanuary1937LindsayfirstattemptedtoformulatehisMarxistconvictionsinfictionmainlysetinthepast:particularlyinhistrilogyinEnglishnovels--1949dealingwiththeDiggerandLevellermovementsLostBirthrighttheWilkesiteagitationsandMenofForth-Eightwrittenin1939theChartistandrevolutionaryuprisingsinEurope.BasicallytheseworkssetoutwithmostsuccessinthefirstvolumetovivifythehistoricaltraditionsbehindEnglishSocialismandattemptedtodemonstratethatitstoodinLindsay’swordsforthetruecompletionofthenationaldestiny.Althoughthewaryearssawthevirtualdisintegrationoftheleft-wingwritingmovementofthe1930sLindsayhimselfcarriedon:delvingintocontemporaryaffairsinWeShallReturnandBeyondTerrornovelsinwhichtheepithetsformerlyreservedfortheevilcapitalistsorFranco’ssoldiershavebeentransferredrathercrudelytotheGermantroops.AfterthewarLindsaycontinuedtowritemainlyaboutthepresent--tryingwithvaryingdegreesofsuccesstocometotermswiththeunradicalpoliticalrealitiesofpost-warEngland.IntheseriesofnovelsknowncollectivelyasTheBritishWayandbeginningwithBetrayedSpringin1953itseemedatfirstasifhissolutionwassimplytoresorttomoreandmoreobviousauthorialmanipulationandheavy-bandeddidacticism.FortunatelyhoweverfromRevoltoftheSonsthisprocesswasreversedasLindsaybegantoshowanincreasingtendencytoignorepartysolutionstofailindeedtogiveanythingbutthemostelementarypoliticalconsciousnesstohischaracterssothatinhislatestandwhatappearstobehislastcontemporarynovelChoiceofTimeshisheroColinendsonanoteofdesperation:EverythingmustbedifferentIcan’tlivethiswayanylonger.ButhowcanIchangeithowTohiscreditasanartistLindsaydoesn’tgivehimanyexplicitanswer.TheimpactofJackLindsay’sideologicalattitudesonhisliterarysuccesswas
Instudyingboththerecurrenceofspecialhabitsorideasinseveraldistrictsandtheirprevalencewithineachdistricttherecomebeforeusever-repeatedproofsofregularcausationproducingthephenomenaofhumanlifeandoflawsofmaintenanceanddiffusionconditionsofsocietyatdefinitestagesofculture.Butwhilegivingfullimportancetotheevidencebearingonthesestandardconditionsofsocietyletusbecarefultoavoidapitfallwhichmayentraptheunwarystudent.Ofcoursetheopinionsandhabitsbelongingincommontomassesofmankindaretoagreatextenttheresultsofsoundjudgmentandpracticalwisdom.Buttoagreatextentitisnotso.Thatmanynumeroussocietiesofmenshouldhavebelievedintheinfluenceoftheevileyeandtheexistenceofafirmamentshouldhavesacrificedslavesandgoodstotheghostsofthedepartedshouldhavehandeddowntraditionsofgiantsslayingmonstersandmenturningintobeast--allthisisgroundforholdingthatsuchideaswereindeedproducedinmen’smindsbyefficientcausesbutitisnotgroundforholdingthattheritesinquestionareprofitablethebeliefssoundandthehistoryauthentic.Thismayseematthefirstglanceatruismbutinfactitisthedenialofafallacywhichdeeplyaffectsthemindsofallbutasmallcriticalminorityofmankind.Popularlywhateverybodysaysmustbetruewhateverybodydoesmustberight--QuodubiquequodsemperquodabomnibuscreditumesthocestverepropriequeCatholicum’--andmforth.Therearevarioustopicsespeciallyinhistorylawphilosophyandtheologywhereeventheeducatedpeopleweliveamongcanhardlybebroughttoseethatthecausewhymendoholdanopinionorpractiseacustomisbynomeansnecessarilyareasonwhytheyoughttodoso.Nowcollectionsofethnographicevidencebringingsoprominentlyintoviewtheagreementofimmensemultitudesofmenastocertaintraditionsbeliefsandusagesarepeculiarlyliabletobethusimproperlyusedindirectdefenseoftheseinstitutionsthemselvesevenoldbarbaricnationsbeingpolledtomaintaintheiropinionsagainstwhatarecalledmodernideas.AsithasmorethanoncehappenedtomyselftofindmycollectionsoftraditionsandbeliefsthussetuptoprovetheirownobjectivetruthwithoutproperexaminationofthegroundsonwhichtheywereactuallyreceivedItakethisoccasionofremarkingthatthesamelineofargumentwillserveequallywelltodemonstratebythestrongandwideconsentofnationsthattheearthisflatandnightmarethevisitofademon.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthephenomenamentionedatthebeginningofthetextisoneof
Thevaluewhichsocietyplacesonworkhastraditionallybeencloselyassociatedwiththevalueofindividualismandasaresultithashadnegativeeffectsonthedevelopmentofsocialsecurity.46Ithasmeantthatinthefirstplacetheamountofbenefitsmustbesmalllestpeople’swillingnesstoworkandsupportthemselvessuffers.Eventodaywithflatrateandearnings-relatedbenefitsthetotalamountofthebenefitmustalwaysbesmallerthantheperson’swagesforfearofmalingering"Thepurposeofsocialsecurity"saidHuntfordreferringtoSweden’scomparativelygenerousbenefits"istodispelneedwithoutcrossingthethresholdofprosperity."47SecondsocialsecuritybenefitsaregrantedunderconditionsdesignedtoreducethelikelihoodofeventheboldestofspiritsattemptingtoliveontheStateratherthanwork.Manyoftherulessurroundingthepaymentofunemploymentorsupplementarybenefitareforthispurpose.Thirdthevalueplacedonworkismanifestedinamorepositivewayasinthecaseofdisability.Peoplesufferingfromaccidentsincurredatworkorfromoccupationaldiseasesreceivepreferentialtreatmentbythesocialsecurityservicecomparedwiththosesufferingfromcivilaccidentsandordinaryillnesses. Yetthestrangleholdwhichworkhasbadonthesocialsecurityservicehasbeenincreasinglyloosenedovertheyears.Theprovisionoffamilyallowancesfamilyincomesupplementstheslightliberalizationofthewagesstoparesomeofthemanifestationsofthistrend.48Similarlythepreferentialtreatmentgiventooccupationaldisabilitybythesocialsecurityservicehasbeenincreasinglyquestionedwiththedemandsfortheupgradingofbenefitsfortheothertypesofdisability.Itisfeltthatincontemporaryindustrialsocietiesthedistinctionbetweenoccupationalandnon-occupationaldisabilityisartificialformanynon-occupationalformsofdisabilityhaveanindustrialorigineveniftheydonotoccurdirectlyintheworkplace.49Thereisalsotheadditionalreasonwhichwementionedintheargumentforonebenefitforallone-parentfamiliesthatamodernsocialsecurityservicemustconcentrateonmeetingneedsirrespectiveofthecausesbehindsuchneeds. Therelationshipbetweensocialsecurityandworkisnotallaone-wayaffair.50Itistruethatuntilveryrecentlythegeneralviewwasthatsocialsecurity"representedatypeofluxuryandwasessentiallyantieconomic".Itwasseenasmerelygovernmentexpenditurefortheneedy.Aswesawhoweverredundancypaymentsandearnings-relatedunemploymentbenefitshavebeenusedwithsomesuccessbyemployersandthegovernmenttoreduceworkers’oppositiontowardslossoftheirjobs. Similarlythepreferentialtreatmentgiventooccupationaldisabilitybythesocialsecurityservicehasbeenincreasinglyquestionedwiththedemandsfortheupgradingofbenefitsfortheothertypesofdisability
Valentine’sDaymaycomefromtheancientRomanfeastofLuperealia.1thefiercewolvesroamednearbytheoldRomanscalled2thegodLupereustohelpthem.Afestivalinhis3washeldFebruary15th.Ontheeveofthefestivalthe4ofthegirlswerewrittenon5paperandplacedinjars.Eachyoungman6aslip.Thegirlwhosenamewas7wastobehissweetheartfortheyear. Legend8itthattheholidaybecameValentine’sDay9aromanpriestnamedValentine.EmperorClaudiusII10theRomansoldiersnottomarryorbecomeengaged.Claudiusfeltmarriedsoldierswould11stayhomethanfight.WhenValentine12theEmperorandsecretlymarriedtheyoungcoupleshewasputtodeathonFebruary14ththe13ofLupercalia.AfterhisdeathValentinebecamea14.Christianpriestsmovedtheholidayfromthe15thtothe14th---Valentine’sDay.NowtheholidayhonorsValentine15ofLupercus. Valentine’sDayhasbecomeamajor16ofloveandromanceinthemodemworld.TheancientgodCupidandhis17intoalover’sheartmaystillbeusedto18fallinginloveorbeinginlove.ButwealsousecardsandgiftssuchasflowersOrjewelrytodothis.19togiveflowertoawifeorsweetheartonValentine’sDaycansometimesbeas20asforgettingabirthdayoraweddinganniversary. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.2
Directions: Lookatthefollowingpictureandwriteanarticleonadvertisement.Yourarticleshouldcoverthepointsbelow 1Theomnipresence无所在不普遍ofadvertisements 2Theiradvantages 3Theirdisadvantages Youshouldwriteabout200wordsonANSWERSHEET2.
热门题库
更多
国家统考科目
香港法概论
反间谍法
__学
合同法
证据学
民事诉讼法学
民法学
刑法学
消费者权益保护法
法理学
竞争法
国际公法
国际经济法
农村政策法规
行政法与行政诉讼法
湘公网安备 43130202000226号