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Directions: You are to inform Mrs. Benton that you will have to break the dinner engagement. Write ...
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PartA Directions: Youareamemberofthestudents’unio
Weregret______youthatthematerialsyouorderedareouto
―Manythanksforyourtimelyreminder;wewouldhavebeenla
didn’t inform
shouldn’t inform
hadn’t informed
weren’t to inform
SectionⅢWritingPartADirections:Youareamemberofthe
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informing
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Iregret_____youthatthegoodsyoudeliveredtousarenott
informing; it
having informed; /
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Directions:YouaretoinformMrs.Bentonthatyouwillhave
Directions: YouaretoinformMrs.Bentonthatyouwillha
Directions: WriteanoticefortheOfficeofPekingUnive
Directions:YouaretoinformMrs.Bentonthatyouwillhave
Directions: WritealettertoinviteyourbestfriendJan
Iregret_____youthatweareunabletoofferyouemployment
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having inform
to inform
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Directions:YouarethedirectorofTrainingDepartmentin
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Directions: SupposethatyoucannotreturnthebooktoWi
Iregret______youthatweareunabletoofferyouemploymen
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Directions:WritealettertoinviteyourbestfriendJanet
PartA Directions:Supposeyourclassistoholdacharity
PartA Directions: Ms.Writewrotetoyouclaimingthatt
Directions:Writeanoticeinabout100wordsfortheStuden
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Thehousingmarkethasbeenfortwoyearsproppingupconsumers’spiritswhiletherestoftheeconomyliesexhaustedonthefloorstilltryingtostruggletoitsfeet.AccordingtotheNationalAssociationofRealtorsthenationalmedianexisting-homepriceendedtheyearat$164000up7.1percentfrom2001.That’sthestrongestannualincreasesince1980. Althoughresidentialrealestateactivitymakesuplessthan8%oftotalU.S.GDPahousingmarketlikethisonecanmakethedifferencebetweenpositiveandnegativegrowth.Mostsignificantlyconsumerspendingis66%ofGDPandthepurchaseofanewhometendstohavean"umbrellaeffect"onthehomeowner’sspendingashehastostockitwithawasher/dryeranewbig-screenTVandmaybeaswingsetfortheyard. Themainfactorinhousing’scontinuedstrengthisaclassiceconomicexampleofzero-sumboom:thepersistentweaknesseverywhereelse.Asthe2003recoverycontinuestobemoreforecastthanreality.FallingstockpricesraisedinvestorappealforU.S.TreasuryBondswhichinturnallowedmostinterestratestodriftevenlower.Buttherearenotmanysignsthatthere’sabubblereadytoburst. December’snewrecordinhousingstartsforexamplewasnicelymatchedbythenewrecordinnewhomesales.Ifyoubuildittheywillbuyandevenifaneconomicpickupstartstoreducehousing’srelativeattractivenessthere’snoreasonwhymodesteconomicgrowthandimprovedconsumermoodcan’thelpsustaininghousing’sstrength."Themomentumgainedfromlowmortgageinterestrateswillcarrystronghomesalesinto2003withanimprovingeconomyoffsettingmodestlyhighermortgageinterestratesastheyearprogresses"saidDavidLereahchiefeconomistattheNationalAssociationofRealtors. Justashousinghastakenupmuchoftheeconomicslackforthepasttwoyearsbothasacomfortinginvestmentforfrettingconsumersandadriverofconsumerspendingitselfabigbumpelsewhereintheeconomyin2003couldbehousing’sdownfall.Ifstocksroarbackthisspringcapitalinflowscouldstealfromthebondmarketpushinguplong-terminterestrates.OrAlanGreenspanandtheFedcoulddothesametoshort-termratesasawaytohitthebrakesonarecoverythatisheatinguptoofast.Inotherwordsifeverythingpossiblegoeswrongforhousinghomeownersshouldhaveplentytocompensatethemintermsbfjobsecurityandincomehikes. Theauthordrawsasharpcontrastbetweenthehousingmarketandtherestoftheeconomysoastoshow
国家购买私人企业股票表明
Directions: Inthefollowingtextsomesentenceshavebeenremoved.Forquestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA--Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.T hisisthestoryofasturdy-Americansymbolwhichhasnowspreadthroughoutmostoftheworld.Thesymbolisnotthedollar.ItisnotevenCoca-Cola.ItisasimplepairofpantscalledbluejeansandwhatthepantssymbolizeiswhatAlexisdeTocquevillecalled"amanlyandlegitimatepassionforequality..." 2Bluejeansarefavoredequallybybureaucratsandcowboys;bankersanddeadbeats;fashiondesignersandbeerdrinkers.Theydrawnodistinctionsandrecognizenoclasses;theyaremerelyAmerican. 341.__________. 4ThisubiquitousAmericansymbolwastheinventionofaBavaraian-bornJew.HisnamewasLeviStrauss. 5HewasborninBadOcheimGermanyin1829andduringtheEuropeanpoliticalturmoilof1848decidedtotakehischancesinNewYorktowhichhistwobrothersalreadyhademigrated.UponarrivalLevisoonfoundthathistwobrothershadexaggeratedtheirtalesofaneasylifeinthelandofthemainchance.Hefoundthempushingneedlesthreadpotspansribbonsyarnscissorsandbuttonstohousewives. 642.__________. 7Itwasthewrongkindofcanvasforthatpurposebutwhiletalkingwithaminerdownfromthemotherlodehelearnedthatpants-sturdypantsthatwouldstanduptotherigorsofthedigging--werealmostimpossibletofind. 8OpportunitybeckonedonthespotStraussmeasuredtheman’sgirthandinseamwithapieceofstringandforsixdollarsingolddusthad[thecanvas]tailoredintoapairofstiffbutruggedpants. 943.__________. 10WhenStraussranoutofcanvasheWrotehistwobrotherstosendmore.HereceivedinsteadatoughbrowncottonclothmadeinNimesFrance. 11AlmostfromthefirstStrausshadhisclothdyedthedistinctiveindigothatgavebluejeanstheirnamebutitwasnotuntilthe1870sthatheaddedthecopperrivetswhichhavelongsincebecomeacompanytrademark. 1244.__________. 13ForthreedecadesthereafterthebusinessremainedprofitablethoughsmallwithsaleslargelyconfinedtotheworkingpeopleoftheWest-cowboyslumberjacksrailroadworkersandthelike. 14Levi’sjeanswerefirstintroducedtotheEastapparentlyduringthedude-ranchcrazeofthe1930swhenvacationingEasternersreturnedandspreadthewordaboutthewonderfulpantswithrivets. 1545.__________. 16ThepantshavebecomeatraditionandalongthewayhaveacquiredahistoryoftheirownsomuchsothatthecompanyhasopenedamuseuminSanFrancisco.ForexamplethereistheparticularlyterrifyingstoryofthecarelessconstructionworkerwhodangledfiftytwostoriesabovethestreetuntilrescuedhissolesupporttheLevi’sbeltloopthroughwhichhisropewashooked. [A]Theminerwasdelightedwiththeresultwordgotaroundabout"thosepantsofLevi’s"andStrausswasinbusiness.Thecompanyhasbeeninbusinessverysince. [B]AsakindofjokeDavistookthepantstoablacksmithandhadthepocketsriveted;onceagaintheideaworkedsowellthatwordgotaround;in1873Straussappropriatedandpatentedthegimmick--andhiredDavisasaregionalmanager. [C]BythistimeStrausshadtakenbothhisbrothersandtwobrothers-in-lawintothecompanyandwasreadyforhisthirdSanFranciscostore.Overtheensuingyearsthecompanyprosperedlocallyandbythetimeofhisdeathin1902StrausshadbecomeamanofprominenceinCalifornia. [D]Fortwoyearshewasalowlypeddlerhaulingsome180poundsofsundriesdoor-to-doortoekeoutamarginalliving.WhenamarriedsisterinSanFranciscoofferedtopayhiswayWestin1850hejumpedattheopportunitytakingwithhimboltsofcanvashehopedtosellfortenting. [E]AnotherboostcameinWorldWarⅡwhenbluejeansweredeclaredanessentialcommodityandweresold0nlytopeopleengagedindefensework.FromacompanywithfifteensalespeopletwoplantsandalmostnobusinesseastoftheMississippiin1946theorganizationgrewinthirtyyearstoincludeasalesforceofmorethantwenty-twothousandwithplantsandofficesinthirty-fivecountries. [F]Theyadaptthemselvestoanysortofidiosyncraticuse;womenslitthemattheinseamsandconvertthemintolongskirtsmenchopthemoffabovethekneesandturnthemintosomethingtobewornwhilechallengingthesurf.Decorationsandornamentationsabound. [G]Yettheyaresoughtafteralmosteverywhereintheworld-includingRussiawhereauthoritiesrecentlybrokeupateen-agedgangthatwassellingthemontheblackmarketfortwohundreddollarsapair. 44
Thehousingmarkethasbeenfortwoyearsproppingupconsumers’spiritswhiletherestoftheeconomyliesexhaustedonthefloorstilltryingtostruggletoitsfeet.AccordingtotheNationalAssociationofRealtorsthenationalmedianexisting-homepriceendedtheyearat$164000up7.1percentfrom2001.That’sthestrongestannualincreasesince1980. Althoughresidentialrealestateactivitymakesuplessthan8%oftotalU.S.GDPahousingmarketlikethisonecanmakethedifferencebetweenpositiveandnegativegrowth.Mostsignificantlyconsumerspendingis66%ofGDPandthepurchaseofanewhometendstohavean"umbrellaeffect"onthehomeowner’sspendingashehastostockitwithawasher/dryeranewbig-screenTVandmaybeaswingsetfortheyard. Themainfactorinhousing’scontinuedstrengthisaclassiceconomicexampleofzero-sumboom:thepersistentweaknesseverywhereelse.Asthe2003recoverycontinuestobemoreforecastthanreality.FallingstockpricesraisedinvestorappealforU.S.TreasuryBondswhichinturnallowedmostinterestratestodriftevenlower.Buttherearenotmanysignsthatthere’sabubblereadytoburst. December’snewrecordinhousingstartsforexamplewasnicelymatchedbythenewrecordinnewhomesales.Ifyoubuildittheywillbuyandevenifaneconomicpickupstartstoreducehousing’srelativeattractivenessthere’snoreasonwhymodesteconomicgrowthandimprovedconsumermoodcan’thelpsustaininghousing’sstrength."Themomentumgainedfromlowmortgageinterestrateswillcarrystronghomesalesinto2003withanimprovingeconomyoffsettingmodestlyhighermortgageinterestratesastheyearprogresses"saidDavidLereahchiefeconomistattheNationalAssociationofRealtors. Justashousinghastakenupmuchoftheeconomicslackforthepasttwoyearsbothasacomfortinginvestmentforfrettingconsumersandadriverofconsumerspendingitselfabigbumpelsewhereintheeconomyin2003couldbehousing’sdownfall.Ifstocksroarbackthisspringcapitalinflowscouldstealfromthebondmarketpushinguplong-terminterestrates.OrAlanGreenspanandtheFedcoulddothesametoshort-termratesasawaytohitthebrakesonarecoverythatisheatinguptoofast.Inotherwordsifeverythingpossiblegoeswrongforhousinghomeownersshouldhaveplentytocompensatethemintermsbfjobsecurityandincomehikes. Aclassiceconomicexampleofzero-sumboomParagraph3connotes
Biologicallythereisonlyonequalitywhichdistinguishesusfromanimals:theabilitytolaugh.Inauniversewhichappearstobeutterlydevoidofhumorweenjoythissupremeluxury.Anditisaluxuryforunlikeanyotherbodilyprocesslaughterdoesnotseemserveabiologicallyusefulpurpose.Inadividedworldalaughterisaunifyingforce.Humanbeingsopposeeachotheronagreatmanyissues.Nationsmaydisagreeaboutsystemsofgovernmentandhumanrelationsmaybeplaguedbyideologicalfactionsandpoliticalcampsbutweallsharetheabilitytolaugh.Andlaughterinturndependsonthemostcomplexandsubtleofall-humanqualities:asenseofhumor.Certaincomicstereotypeshaveauniversalappeal.Thiscanbestbeseenfromtheworld-widepopularityofCharlieChaplain’searlyfilms.Thelittlemanatoddswithsocietyneverfailstoamusenomatterwhichcountrywecomefrom.AsthatgreatcommentatoronhumanaffairsDr.SamuelJohnsononceremarked"Menhavebeenwiseinverydifferentmodes;buttheyhavealwayslaughedinthesameway." Asenseofhumormaytakevariousformsandlaughtermaybeanythingfromrefinedtinkletoanearthquakingroarbuttheeffectisalwaysthesame.Humorhelpsustomaintainacorrectsenseofvalues.Itistheonequalitywhichpoliticalfanaticsappeartolack.Ifwecanseethefunnysidewenevermakethemistakeoftakingourselvestooseriously.Wearealwaysremindedthattragedyisnotreallyfarremovedfromcomedysowenevergetalopsidedviewofthings. Thisisoneofthechieffunctionsofsatireandirony.Humanpainandsufferingaresogrim;wehoversooftenonthebrinkofwarpoliticalrealitiesareusuallyenoughtoplungeusintototaldespair.Insuchcircumstancescartoonsandsatiricalaccountsofsomberpoliticaleventsredressthebalance.Theytakethewindoutofpompousandarrogantpoliticianswhohavelosttheirsenseofproportion.Theyenableustoseethatmanyofourmostprofoundactionsaremerelycomicorabsurd.WelaughwhenagreatsatiristlikeSwiftwritesaboutwarsinGulliver’sTravels.TheLilliputiansandtheirneighborsattackeachotherbecausetheycan’tagreewhichendtobreakanegg.Welaughbecausewearemeanttolaugh;hutwearemeanttoweeptoo.ItisnowonderthatintotalitarianregimesanysatireagainsttheEstablishmentiswhollybanned.Itistoopowerfulweapontobeallowedtoflourish. Thesenseofhumormustbesingledoutasman’smostimportantqualitybecauseitisassociatedwithlaughter.Andlaughterinturnisassociatedwithhappiness.Couragedeterminationinitiative--thesearequalitieswesharewithotherformsoflife.Butthesenseofhumorisanuniquehumanquality.Ifhappinessisoneofthegreatgoalsoflifethenitisthesenseofhumorthatprovidesthekey. [A]cordingtotheauthorpoliticalfanaticsPara.2moreoftenthannotfallvictimto
古希腊的哲学家赫拉克立特认为世界是一团永恒的活火它在一定分寸上熄灭又在一定分寸上重新燃烧这是
正确认识土地设备原材料等生产要素在商品生产中的作用与劳动创造价值的关系关键
劳动过程结束时的结果在劳动过程开始时就已经在劳动者的表象中存在着这是
Biologicallythereisonlyonequalitywhichdistinguishesusfromanimals:theabilitytolaugh.Inauniversewhichappearstobeutterlydevoidofhumorweenjoythissupremeluxury.Anditisaluxuryforunlikeanyotherbodilyprocesslaughterdoesnotseemserveabiologicallyusefulpurpose.Inadividedworldalaughterisaunifyingforce.Humanbeingsopposeeachotheronagreatmanyissues.Nationsmaydisagreeaboutsystemsofgovernmentandhumanrelationsmaybeplaguedbyideologicalfactionsandpoliticalcampsbutweallsharetheabilitytolaugh.Andlaughterinturndependsonthemostcomplexandsubtleofall-humanqualities:asenseofhumor.Certaincomicstereotypeshaveauniversalappeal.Thiscanbestbeseenfromtheworld-widepopularityofCharlieChaplain’searlyfilms.Thelittlemanatoddswithsocietyneverfailstoamusenomatterwhichcountrywecomefrom.AsthatgreatcommentatoronhumanaffairsDr.SamuelJohnsononceremarked"Menhavebeenwiseinverydifferentmodes;buttheyhavealwayslaughedinthesameway." Asenseofhumormaytakevariousformsandlaughtermaybeanythingfromrefinedtinkletoanearthquakingroarbuttheeffectisalwaysthesame.Humorhelpsustomaintainacorrectsenseofvalues.Itistheonequalitywhichpoliticalfanaticsappeartolack.Ifwecanseethefunnysidewenevermakethemistakeoftakingourselvestooseriously.Wearealwaysremindedthattragedyisnotreallyfarremovedfromcomedysowenevergetalopsidedviewofthings. Thisisoneofthechieffunctionsofsatireandirony.Humanpainandsufferingaresogrim;wehoversooftenonthebrinkofwarpoliticalrealitiesareusuallyenoughtoplungeusintototaldespair.Insuchcircumstancescartoonsandsatiricalaccountsofsomberpoliticaleventsredressthebalance.Theytakethewindoutofpompousandarrogantpoliticianswhohavelosttheirsenseofproportion.Theyenableustoseethatmanyofourmostprofoundactionsaremerelycomicorabsurd.WelaughwhenagreatsatiristlikeSwiftwritesaboutwarsinGulliver’sTravels.TheLilliputiansandtheirneighborsattackeachotherbecausetheycan’tagreewhichendtobreakanegg.Welaughbecausewearemeanttolaugh;hutwearemeanttoweeptoo.ItisnowonderthatintotalitarianregimesanysatireagainsttheEstablishmentiswhollybanned.Itistoopowerfulweapontobeallowedtoflourish. Thesenseofhumormustbesingledoutasman’smostimportantqualitybecauseitisassociatedwithlaughter.Andlaughterinturnisassociatedwithhappiness.Couragedeterminationinitiative--thesearequalitieswesharewithotherformsoflife.Butthesenseofhumorisanuniquehumanquality.Ifhappinessisoneofthegreatgoalsoflifethenitisthesenseofhumorthatprovidesthekey. Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree
剩余价值不能从流通领域中产生但又不能离开流通领域而产生这句话的意思是
"Popularart"hasanumberofmeaningsimpossibletodefinewithanyprecisionwhichrangefromfolkloretojunk.Thepolesareclearenoughbutthemiddletendstoblur.TheHollywoodWesternofthe1930’sforexamplehaselementsoffolklorebutisclosertojunkthantohighartorfolkart.Therecanbegreattrashjustasthereisbadhighart.ThemusicalsofGeorgeGershwinaregreatpopularartneveraspiringtohighart.SchubertandBrahmshoweverusedelementsofpopularmusic--folkthemes--inworksclearlyintendedashighart.ThecaseofVerdiisadifferentone:hetookapopulargenre-bourgeoismelodramasettomusicanaccuratedefinitionofnineteenth-centuryoperaandwithoutalteringitsfundamentalnaturetransmuteditintohighart.Thisremainsoneofthegreatestachievementsinmusicandonethatcannotbefullyappreciatedwithoutrecognizingtheessentialtrashinessofthegenre. AsanexampleofsuchatransmutationconsiderwhatVerdimadeofthetypicalpoliticalelementsofnineteenth-centuryopera.Generallyintheplotsoftheseoperasaheroorheroine--usuallyportrayedonlyasanindividualunfetteredbyclass--iscaughtbetweentheimmoralcorruptionofthearistocracyandthedoctrinairerigidityorsecretgreedoftheleadersoftheproletariat.Verditransformsthisnaiveandunlikelyformulationwithmusicofextraordinaryenergyandrhythmicvitalitymusicmoresubtlethanitseemsatfirsthearing.Therearescenesandariasthatstillsoundlikecallstoarmsandwereclearlyunderstoodassuchwhentheywerefirstperformed.Suchpieceslendanimmediacytotheotherwiseveiledpoliticalmessageoftheseoperasandcallupfeelingsbeyondthoseoftheoperaitself. OrconsiderVerdi’streatmentofcharacter.BeforeVerditherewererarelyanycharactersatallinmusicaldramaonlyaseriesofsituationswhichallowedthesingerstoexpressaseriesofemotionalstates.Anyattempttofindcoherentpsychologicalportrayalintheseoperasismisplacedingenuity.Theonlycoherencewasthesinger’svocaltechnique:whenthecastchangednewariaswerealmostalwayssubstitutedgenerallyadaptedfromotheroperas.Verdi’scharactersontheotherhandhavegenuineconsistencyandintegrity.Evenifinmanycasalstheconsistencyisthatofpasteboardmelodramatheintegrityofthecharacterisachievedthroughthemusic:oncehehadbecomeestablished.Verdididnotrewritehismusicfordifferenfsingersorcountenancealterationsorsubstitutionsofsomebodyelse’sariasinoneofhisoperasaseveryeighteenth-centurycomposerhaddone.Whenherevisedanoperaitwasonlyfordramaticeconomyandeffectiveness itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheachievementsbyVerdi
社会主义初级阶段从发展进程看其特征有
"Popularart"hasanumberofmeaningsimpossibletodefinewithanyprecisionwhichrangefromfolkloretojunk.Thepolesareclearenoughbutthemiddletendstoblur.TheHollywoodWesternofthe1930’sforexamplehaselementsoffolklorebutisclosertojunkthantohighartorfolkart.Therecanbegreattrashjustasthereisbadhighart.ThemusicalsofGeorgeGershwinaregreatpopularartneveraspiringtohighart.SchubertandBrahmshoweverusedelementsofpopularmusic--folkthemes--inworksclearlyintendedashighart.ThecaseofVerdiisadifferentone:hetookapopulargenre-bourgeoismelodramasettomusicanaccuratedefinitionofnineteenth-centuryoperaandwithoutalteringitsfundamentalnaturetransmuteditintohighart.Thisremainsoneofthegreatestachievementsinmusicandonethatcannotbefullyappreciatedwithoutrecognizingtheessentialtrashinessofthegenre. AsanexampleofsuchatransmutationconsiderwhatVerdimadeofthetypicalpoliticalelementsofnineteenth-centuryopera.Generallyintheplotsoftheseoperasaheroorheroine--usuallyportrayedonlyasanindividualunfetteredbyclass--iscaughtbetweentheimmoralcorruptionofthearistocracyandthedoctrinairerigidityorsecretgreedoftheleadersoftheproletariat.Verditransformsthisnaiveandunlikelyformulationwithmusicofextraordinaryenergyandrhythmicvitalitymusicmoresubtlethanitseemsatfirsthearing.Therearescenesandariasthatstillsoundlikecallstoarmsandwereclearlyunderstoodassuchwhentheywerefirstperformed.Suchpieceslendanimmediacytotheotherwiseveiledpoliticalmessageoftheseoperasandcallupfeelingsbeyondthoseoftheoperaitself. OrconsiderVerdi’streatmentofcharacter.BeforeVerditherewererarelyanycharactersatallinmusicaldramaonlyaseriesofsituationswhichallowedthesingerstoexpressaseriesofemotionalstates.Anyattempttofindcoherentpsychologicalportrayalintheseoperasismisplacedingenuity.Theonlycoherencewasthesinger’svocaltechnique:whenthecastchangednewariaswerealmostalwayssubstitutedgenerallyadaptedfromotheroperas.Verdi’scharactersontheotherhandhavegenuineconsistencyandintegrity.Evenifinmanycasalstheconsistencyisthatofpasteboardmelodramatheintegrityofthecharacterisachievedthroughthemusic:oncehehadbecomeestablished.Verdididnotrewritehismusicfordifferenfsingersorcountenancealterationsorsubstitutionsofsomebodyelse’sariasinoneofhisoperasaseveryeighteenth-centurycomposerhaddone.Whenherevisedanoperaitwasonlyfordramaticeconomyandeffectiveness AccordingtothetextVerdi’screativetreatmentofcharactersisperformedthrough
Directions. A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayofabout160--200words. B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET2. C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow: 1Describethedrawing 2interpretitsmeaningand 3pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.
Directions: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2U nitedStatesSenatorJohnGlennreturnedtoorbitaboardthespaceshuttleDiscoveryinlateOctober199836yearsafterhisfirstlift-offfromCapeCanaveralinFlorida.46The77-year-oldpoliticianwhoin1962becameAmerica’sfirstmantoorbittheEarthblastedoffwithsixotherastronautsonamissionthatwouldincluderesearchintoageing.Takingleaveofhimatthespacecenteralongwith3000mediarepresentatives20000invitedguestsandanestimatedhalfmillionpeoplewhocrowdedvantagepointsroundabouttowatchthelaunch--werehiswifeofmorethan50yearsAnniehistwochildrenandtwograndchildren. GlennfeverstruckFlorida’sspacecoastmonthsaheadofthelaunchwithhotelroomsbookeduphalfayearinadvance.Onelocalnewspapercalledthephenomenon"HurricaneGlenn"anironicreferencetothespateofdevastatinghurricanethathadalreadyhittheFloridacoastduring1998. TheOhiosenatorhadcampaignedforseveralyearstobeallowedthisreturntripintospace.47NASAadministersfinallyagreedtohisproposedstudyontheeffectsofweightlessnessonelderlypeopleandthepossibleparallelsbetweentheside-effectsofweightlessnessandtheageingprocessitself.48CriticshowevercomplainedthatthemissionwaslittlemorethanapublicrelationsexerciseaimedatraisingtheprofileofNASAandwoulddonothingtoadvanceresearchintothegeriatriccondition.Somewereevensayingthatthetriprepresentedtheultimatecongressionaljunket. Glenninsistedfromthebeginningthatthespacemissionwasaseriousonehowever.Hesubjectedhimself--andothers--toaseriesoftestsinaspeciallaboratorywhileinorbit.49Heswallowedaspecialthermometerbeforelift-offsothathistemperaturecouldbemonitoredandhadatubeimplantedinhisarmtofacilitatethetakingofbloodsampleswithouttheneedforfreshneedleseachtime.OthertestsconductedonhisreturntoEarthweredesignedtomeasurehisbonedensityandchangesinhisspinalcord. 50NASAofficialsfuelledsuspicionthatGlenn’striphaddubiouspracticalvaluehoweverbyannouncingthattherewerenoplanstotestanymoreelderlyastronautsafterhistrip.Thiswasdespitethefactthat67-year-oldJerrieCobboneof13womenwhotrainedfortheSpaceprogrammewithGlennintheearly1960sbutwhowereneverallowedtoflyexpressedherdeterminationtobecomethenextgeriatricguineapiginorbit. Thespaceexperiencehaschangedagreatdealinthe36yearssinceGlennwaslastinorbit.Unlikehisfive-hour1962tripthiswasnosolomission. The77-year-oldpoliticianwhoin1962becameAmerica’sfirstmantoorbittheEarthblastedoffwithsixotherastronautsonamissionthatwouldincluderesearchintoageing.
Directions: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2U nitedStatesSenatorJohnGlennreturnedtoorbitaboardthespaceshuttleDiscoveryinlateOctober199836yearsafterhisfirstlift-offfromCapeCanaveralinFlorida.46The77-year-oldpoliticianwhoin1962becameAmerica’sfirstmantoorbittheEarthblastedoffwithsixotherastronautsonamissionthatwouldincluderesearchintoageing.Takingleaveofhimatthespacecenteralongwith3000mediarepresentatives20000invitedguestsandanestimatedhalfmillionpeoplewhocrowdedvantagepointsroundabouttowatchthelaunch--werehiswifeofmorethan50yearsAnniehistwochildrenandtwograndchildren. GlennfeverstruckFlorida’sspacecoastmonthsaheadofthelaunchwithhotelroomsbookeduphalfayearinadvance.Onelocalnewspapercalledthephenomenon"HurricaneGlenn"anironicreferencetothespateofdevastatinghurricanethathadalreadyhittheFloridacoastduring1998. TheOhiosenatorhadcampaignedforseveralyearstobeallowedthisreturntripintospace.47NASAadministersfinallyagreedtohisproposedstudyontheeffectsofweightlessnessonelderlypeopleandthepossibleparallelsbetweentheside-effectsofweightlessnessandtheageingprocessitself.48CriticshowevercomplainedthatthemissionwaslittlemorethanapublicrelationsexerciseaimedatraisingtheprofileofNASAandwoulddonothingtoadvanceresearchintothegeriatriccondition.Somewereevensayingthatthetriprepresentedtheultimatecongressionaljunket. Glenninsistedfromthebeginningthatthespacemissionwasaseriousonehowever.Hesubjectedhimself--andothers--toaseriesoftestsinaspeciallaboratorywhileinorbit.49Heswallowedaspecialthermometerbeforelift-offsothathistemperaturecouldbemonitoredandhadatubeimplantedinhisarmtofacilitatethetakingofbloodsampleswithouttheneedforfreshneedleseachtime.OthertestsconductedonhisreturntoEarthweredesignedtomeasurehisbonedensityandchangesinhisspinalcord. 50NASAofficialsfuelledsuspicionthatGlenn’striphaddubiouspracticalvaluehoweverbyannouncingthattherewerenoplanstotestanymoreelderlyastronautsafterhistrip.Thiswasdespitethefactthat67-year-oldJerrieCobboneof13womenwhotrainedfortheSpaceprogrammewithGlennintheearly1960sbutwhowereneverallowedtoflyexpressedherdeterminationtobecomethenextgeriatricguineapiginorbit. Thespaceexperiencehaschangedagreatdealinthe36yearssinceGlennwaslastinorbit.Unlikehisfive-hour1962tripthiswasnosolomission. CriticshowevercomplainedthatthemissionwaslittlemorethanapublicrelationsexerciseaimedatraisingtheprofileofNASAandwoulddonothingtoadvanceresearchintothegeriatriccondition.
国民经济和社会发展第一个五年规划纲要指出针对发展中的突出矛盾和问题要进一步调整推动发展的思想转变推动发展的方式明确推动发展的政策导向由此确定发展的着力点是
中国一切政党的政策及其实践在中国人民中所表现的作用的好坏大小归根到底看它对于中国人民的生产力的发展是否有帮助及其帮助之大小看它是束缚生产力的还是解放生产力的__提出这一著名论断是在
Thehousingmarkethasbeenfortwoyearsproppingupconsumers’spiritswhiletherestoftheeconomyliesexhaustedonthefloorstilltryingtostruggletoitsfeet.AccordingtotheNationalAssociationofRealtorsthenationalmedianexisting-homepriceendedtheyearat$164000up7.1percentfrom2001.That’sthestrongestannualincreasesince1980. Althoughresidentialrealestateactivitymakesuplessthan8%oftotalU.S.GDPahousingmarketlikethisonecanmakethedifferencebetweenpositiveandnegativegrowth.Mostsignificantlyconsumerspendingis66%ofGDPandthepurchaseofanewhometendstohavean"umbrellaeffect"onthehomeowner’sspendingashehastostockitwithawasher/dryeranewbig-screenTVandmaybeaswingsetfortheyard. Themainfactorinhousing’scontinuedstrengthisaclassiceconomicexampleofzero-sumboom:thepersistentweaknesseverywhereelse.Asthe2003recoverycontinuestobemoreforecastthanreality.FallingstockpricesraisedinvestorappealforU.S.TreasuryBondswhichinturnallowedmostinterestratestodriftevenlower.Buttherearenotmanysignsthatthere’sabubblereadytoburst. December’snewrecordinhousingstartsforexamplewasnicelymatchedbythenewrecordinnewhomesales.Ifyoubuildittheywillbuyandevenifaneconomicpickupstartstoreducehousing’srelativeattractivenessthere’snoreasonwhymodesteconomicgrowthandimprovedconsumermoodcan’thelpsustaininghousing’sstrength."Themomentumgainedfromlowmortgageinterestrateswillcarrystronghomesalesinto2003withanimprovingeconomyoffsettingmodestlyhighermortgageinterestratesastheyearprogresses"saidDavidLereahchiefeconomistattheNationalAssociationofRealtors. Justashousinghastakenupmuchoftheeconomicslackforthepasttwoyearsbothasacomfortinginvestmentforfrettingconsumersandadriverofconsumerspendingitselfabigbumpelsewhereintheeconomyin2003couldbehousing’sdownfall.Ifstocksroarbackthisspringcapitalinflowscouldstealfromthebondmarketpushinguplong-terminterestrates.OrAlanGreenspanandtheFedcoulddothesametoshort-termratesasawaytohitthebrakesonarecoverythatisheatinguptoofast.Inotherwordsifeverythingpossiblegoeswrongforhousinghomeownersshouldhaveplentytocompensatethemintermsbfjobsecurityandincomehikes. Towhichofthefollowingistheauthormostlikelytoagree
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Directions: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2U nitedStatesSenatorJohnGlennreturnedtoorbitaboardthespaceshuttleDiscoveryinlateOctober199836yearsafterhisfirstlift-offfromCapeCanaveralinFlorida.46The77-year-oldpoliticianwhoin1962becameAmerica’sfirstmantoorbittheEarthblastedoffwithsixotherastronautsonamissionthatwouldincluderesearchintoageing.Takingleaveofhimatthespacecenteralongwith3000mediarepresentatives20000invitedguestsandanestimatedhalfmillionpeoplewhocrowdedvantagepointsroundabouttowatchthelaunch--werehiswifeofmorethan50yearsAnniehistwochildrenandtwograndchildren. GlennfeverstruckFlorida’sspacecoastmonthsaheadofthelaunchwithhotelroomsbookeduphalfayearinadvance.Onelocalnewspapercalledthephenomenon"HurricaneGlenn"anironicreferencetothespateofdevastatinghurricanethathadalreadyhittheFloridacoastduring1998. TheOhiosenatorhadcampaignedforseveralyearstobeallowedthisreturntripintospace.47NASAadministersfinallyagreedtohisproposedstudyontheeffectsofweightlessnessonelderlypeopleandthepossibleparallelsbetweentheside-effectsofweightlessnessandtheageingprocessitself.48CriticshowevercomplainedthatthemissionwaslittlemorethanapublicrelationsexerciseaimedatraisingtheprofileofNASAandwoulddonothingtoadvanceresearchintothegeriatriccondition.Somewereevensayingthatthetriprepresentedtheultimatecongressionaljunket. Glenninsistedfromthebeginningthatthespacemissionwasaseriousonehowever.Hesubjectedhimself--andothers--toaseriesoftestsinaspeciallaboratorywhileinorbit.49Heswallowedaspecialthermometerbeforelift-offsothathistemperaturecouldbemonitoredandhadatubeimplantedinhisarmtofacilitatethetakingofbloodsampleswithouttheneedforfreshneedleseachtime.OthertestsconductedonhisreturntoEarthweredesignedtomeasurehisbonedensityandchangesinhisspinalcord. 50NASAofficialsfuelledsuspicionthatGlenn’striphaddubiouspracticalvaluehoweverbyannouncingthattherewerenoplanstotestanymoreelderlyastronautsafterhistrip.Thiswasdespitethefactthat67-year-oldJerrieCobboneof13womenwhotrainedfortheSpaceprogrammewithGlennintheearly1960sbutwhowereneverallowedtoflyexpressedherdeterminationtobecomethenextgeriatricguineapiginorbit. Thespaceexperiencehaschangedagreatdealinthe36yearssinceGlennwaslastinorbit.Unlikehisfive-hour1962tripthiswasnosolomission. NASAofficialsfuelledsuspicionthatGlenn’striphaddubiouspracticalvaluehoweverbyannouncingthattherewerenoplanstotestanymoreelderlyastronautsafterhistrip
Directions: Inthefollowingtextsomesentenceshavebeenremoved.Forquestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA--Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.T hisisthestoryofasturdy-Americansymbolwhichhasnowspreadthroughoutmostoftheworld.Thesymbolisnotthedollar.ItisnotevenCoca-Cola.ItisasimplepairofpantscalledbluejeansandwhatthepantssymbolizeiswhatAlexisdeTocquevillecalled"amanlyandlegitimatepassionforequality..." 2Bluejeansarefavoredequallybybureaucratsandcowboys;bankersanddeadbeats;fashiondesignersandbeerdrinkers.Theydrawnodistinctionsandrecognizenoclasses;theyaremerelyAmerican. 341.__________. 4ThisubiquitousAmericansymbolwastheinventionofaBavaraian-bornJew.HisnamewasLeviStrauss. 5HewasborninBadOcheimGermanyin1829andduringtheEuropeanpoliticalturmoilof1848decidedtotakehischancesinNewYorktowhichhistwobrothersalreadyhademigrated.UponarrivalLevisoonfoundthathistwobrothershadexaggeratedtheirtalesofaneasylifeinthelandofthemainchance.Hefoundthempushingneedlesthreadpotspansribbonsyarnscissorsandbuttonstohousewives. 642.__________. 7Itwasthewrongkindofcanvasforthatpurposebutwhiletalkingwithaminerdownfromthemotherlodehelearnedthatpants-sturdypantsthatwouldstanduptotherigorsofthedigging--werealmostimpossibletofind. 8OpportunitybeckonedonthespotStraussmeasuredtheman’sgirthandinseamwithapieceofstringandforsixdollarsingolddusthad[thecanvas]tailoredintoapairofstiffbutruggedpants. 943.__________. 10WhenStraussranoutofcanvasheWrotehistwobrotherstosendmore.HereceivedinsteadatoughbrowncottonclothmadeinNimesFrance. 11AlmostfromthefirstStrausshadhisclothdyedthedistinctiveindigothatgavebluejeanstheirnamebutitwasnotuntilthe1870sthatheaddedthecopperrivetswhichhavelongsincebecomeacompanytrademark. 1244.__________. 13ForthreedecadesthereafterthebusinessremainedprofitablethoughsmallwithsaleslargelyconfinedtotheworkingpeopleoftheWest-cowboyslumberjacksrailroadworkersandthelike. 14Levi’sjeanswerefirstintroducedtotheEastapparentlyduringthedude-ranchcrazeofthe1930swhenvacationingEasternersreturnedandspreadthewordaboutthewonderfulpantswithrivets. 1545.__________. 16ThepantshavebecomeatraditionandalongthewayhaveacquiredahistoryoftheirownsomuchsothatthecompanyhasopenedamuseuminSanFrancisco.ForexamplethereistheparticularlyterrifyingstoryofthecarelessconstructionworkerwhodangledfiftytwostoriesabovethestreetuntilrescuedhissolesupporttheLevi’sbeltloopthroughwhichhisropewashooked. [A]Theminerwasdelightedwiththeresultwordgotaroundabout"thosepantsofLevi’s"andStrausswasinbusiness.Thecompanyhasbeeninbusinessverysince. [B]AsakindofjokeDavistookthepantstoablacksmithandhadthepocketsriveted;onceagaintheideaworkedsowellthatwordgotaround;in1873Straussappropriatedandpatentedthegimmick--andhiredDavisasaregionalmanager. [C]BythistimeStrausshadtakenbothhisbrothersandtwobrothers-in-lawintothecompanyandwasreadyforhisthirdSanFranciscostore.Overtheensuingyearsthecompanyprosperedlocallyandbythetimeofhisdeathin1902StrausshadbecomeamanofprominenceinCalifornia. [D]Fortwoyearshewasalowlypeddlerhaulingsome180poundsofsundriesdoor-to-doortoekeoutamarginalliving.WhenamarriedsisterinSanFranciscoofferedtopayhiswayWestin1850hejumpedattheopportunitytakingwithhimboltsofcanvashehopedtosellfortenting. [E]AnotherboostcameinWorldWarⅡwhenbluejeansweredeclaredanessentialcommodityandweresold0nlytopeopleengagedindefensework.FromacompanywithfifteensalespeopletwoplantsandalmostnobusinesseastoftheMississippiin1946theorganizationgrewinthirtyyearstoincludeasalesforceofmorethantwenty-twothousandwithplantsandofficesinthirty-fivecountries. [F]Theyadaptthemselvestoanysortofidiosyncraticuse;womenslitthemattheinseamsandconvertthemintolongskirtsmenchopthemoffabovethekneesandturnthemintosomethingtobewornwhilechallengingthesurf.Decorationsandornamentationsabound. [G]Yettheyaresoughtafteralmosteverywhereintheworld-includingRussiawhereauthoritiesrecentlybrokeupateen-agedgangthatwassellingthemontheblackmarketfortwohundreddollarsapair. 42
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