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风邪的性质和致病特点：
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风邪的性质和致病特点是
淡白舌
淡红舌
绛舌
红舌
紫舌
风邪的性质与致病特点是
凝滞收引
轻扬开泄
耗气伤津
重浊黏滞
干涩伤津
风邪的性质和致病特点是
易阻遏气机
凝滞主痛
为阴邪，易伤阳气
易袭阳位
最易伤肺
风邪的性质与致病特点是
凝滞
开泄
耗气伤律
重浊黏滞
干涩
风邪的性质与致病特点是
凝滞
开泄
耗气伤津
重浊黏滞
干涩
风邪不具有的性质和致病特点是
升发开泄
耗气伤津
善行数变
百病之长
易袭阳位
风邪的性质和致病特点是
易阻遏气机
凝滞主痛
易伤脾胃阳气
易袭阳位
最易伤肺
风邪的性质和致病特点是
风为阳邪，易生风动血
风性善行而数变
易袭阳位
其性开泄
其为阳邪
风邪的性质和致病特点是
数变
干涩
升散
重浊
炎上
风邪的性质与致病特点是
凝滞
开泄
耗气伤津
重浊粘滞
干涩
风邪的性质和致病特点是
淡白舌
淡红舌
绛舌
红舌
紫舌
风邪的性质和致病特点是
阻遏气机
善行数变
生风动血
耗气伤津
易伤阳气
风邪的性质和致病特点是
阻遏气机
善行数变
生风动血
耗气伤津
易伤阳气
风邪的性质和致病特点是
开泄
凝滞
善行
粘滞
数变
风邪的性质与致病特点是
凝滞
开泄
耗气伤律
重浊黏滞
干涩
下列不属于风邪的性质和致病特点的是
其性开泄
耗气伤津
善行而数变
为百病之长
易袭人体之阳位
试述风邪的性质和致病特点
风邪的性质及致病特点为风易伤肺风性干涩易伤津液风为百病之长风多挟湿
风邪的性质与致病特点是
凝滞收引
轻扬开泄
耗气伤律
重浊黏滞
干涩伤津
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PartADirections:Readthe followingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABC orD．Text1 Itistheworld’sfourth-most-important foodcropaftermaizewheatandrice.Itprovidesmorecaloriesmorequickly usinglesslandandinawiderrangeofclimatesthananyOtherplant.Itisof Coursethepotato.TheUnitedNationshasdeclared2008 theInternationalYearofthePotato.Ithopesthatgreaterawarenessofthe meritsofpotatoeswillcontributetotheachievementofitsMillennium DevelopmentGoalsbyhelpingtoalleviatepovertyimprovefoodsecurityand promoteeconomicdevelopment.Itisalwaystheinternationalyearofthisor monthofthat.Butthepotato’sunusualhistorymeansitiswellworth celebratingbyreadersofTheEconomistbecausethepotatoisintertwinedwith economicdevelopmenttradeliberalisationandglobalisation. Unlikelythoughitseemsthepotatopromotedeconomicdevelopmentby underpinningtheindustrialrevolutioninEnglandinthe19thcentury.It providedacheapsourceofcaloriesandwaseasytocultivatesoitliberated workersfromtheland.PotatoesbecamepopularinthenorthofEnglandas peopletherespecialisedinlivestockfarminganddomesticindustrywhile farmersinthesouthwherethesoilwasmoresuitableconcentratedonwheat production.Byahappyaccidentthisconcentratedindustrialactivityinthe regionswherecoalwasreadilyavailableandapotato-drivenpopulationboom providedampleworkersforthenewfactories.FriedrichEngelsevendeclared thatthepotatowastheequalofironforitshistoricallyrevolutionaryrole. Thepotatopromotedfreetradebycontributingtothe abolitionofBritain’sCornLaws-thecausewhichpromptedthefoundingofThe Economistin1843.TheCornLawsrestrictedimportsofgrainintotheUnited Kingdominordertoprotectdomesticwheatproducers.Landownerssupportedthe lawssincecheapimportedgrainwouldreducetheirincomebutindustrialists opposedthembecauseimportswoulddrivedownthecostoffoodallowingpeople tospendmoreonmanufacturedgoods.Ultimatelyitwasnottheeloquenceofthe argumentsagainsttheCornLawsthatledtotheirabolition-andmore’sthepity. ItwasthetragedyoftheIrishpotatofamineof1845inwhich1millionIrish perishedwhenthepotatocroponwhichtheysubsistedsuccumbedtoblight.The needtoimportgraintorelievethesituationinIrelandforcedthegovernment whichwasdominatedbylandownerswhobackedtheCornLawstoreverseits position.Thispavedthewayforliberalisationinother areasandfreetradebecameBritishpolicy.AstheDukeofWellington complainedatthetimerottenpotatoeshavedoneitall. IntheformofFrenchfriesservedalongsideburgersandCoca-Cola potatoesarenowaniconofglobalisation.Thisisquiteaturnaroundgiventhe scepticismwhichfirstgreetedthemontheirarrivalintheOldWorldinthe 16thcentury.Spudswerevariouslythoughttocauseleprosytobefitonlyfor animalstobeassociatedwiththedevilortobepoisonous.Theytookholdin 18thcenturyEuropeonlywhenwarandfaminemeanttherewasnothingelseto eat;peoplethenrealisedjusthowversatileandreliabletheywere.AsAdam Smithoneofthepotato’smanyadmirersobservedatthetimeThevery generalusewhichismadeofpotatoesinthesekingdomsasfoodformanisa convincingproofthattheprejudicesofanationwithregardtodiethowever deeplyrootedarebynomeansunconquerable.Mashedfriedboiledandroast ahumbletuberchangedtheworldandfree-tradingglobaliserseverywhereshould celebrateit.WhywerepotatoesatlastacceptedbyEuropeans
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choose thebestwordsforeachnumberedblank. Weakdollarorno$46000-theprice forasingleyearofundergraduateinstructionamidtheredbrickofHarvard Yard-is1Butnowadayscostis2 barriertoentryatmanyofAmerica’sbestuniversities.Formidable financial-assistancepolicieshave3feesorslashedthem deeplyforneedystudents.AndlastmonthHarvardannouncedanewplandesigned to4thesticker-shockforundergraduatesfrommiddleand evenupper-incomefamiliestoo.Sincethenotherrich Americanuniversitieshaveunveiled5initiatives. YaleHarvard’sbitterest6revealeditsplanson January14th.Studentswhosefamiliesmake7than$60000a yearwillpaynothingatall.Familiesearningupto$200000ayearwillhave topayanaverageof10%oftheirincomes.Theuniversitywill8 itsfinancial-assistancebudgetby43%toover$80m. Harvardwillhaveasimilararrangementforfamilies makingupto$180000.ThatmakesthepriceofgoingtoHarvardorYale 9toattendingastate-rununiversityformiddle-and upper-incomestudents.Theuniversitieswillalsonotrequireanystudentto takeout10topayfortheir11a policyintroducedbyPrincetonin2001andbytheUniversityofPennsylvania justafterHarvard’s12.Noapplicantwhogainsadmission officialssayshouldfeel13togoelsewherebecauseheor shecan’taffordthefees.Noneofthatisquiteas altruisticasitsounds.HarvardandYaleareafterallnowlikelytolure morestudentsawayfrompreviously14optionsparticularly state-rununiversities15theiralreadyimpressive admissionsfiguresandreputations.Theschemesalso providea16forstructuringuniversityfeesinwhichhigh pricesforrichstudentshelpoffsetmodestpricesforpooreronesandfamilies areless17onfederalgrantsandgovernment-backedloans. Lesswealthyprivatecollegeswhosefeesarehighwill notbeableto18HarvardorYaleeasily.ButAmerica’s state-rununiversitieswhichhavetraditionallykepttheirfeeslowandstable mightwelltryadifferentiated19schemeastheyraise cashtocompeteacademicallywiththeirprivate20. IndeedtheUniversityofCaliforniasystemhasalreadystartedtoimplementa sliding-feescale.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choose thebestwordsforeachnumberedblank. Weakdollarorno$46000-theprice forasingleyearofundergraduateinstructionamidtheredbrickofHarvard Yard-is1Butnowadayscostis2 barriertoentryatmanyofAmerica’sbestuniversities.Formidable financial-assistancepolicieshave3feesorslashedthem deeplyforneedystudents.AndlastmonthHarvardannouncedanewplandesigned to4thesticker-shockforundergraduatesfrommiddleand evenupper-incomefamiliestoo.Sincethenotherrich Americanuniversitieshaveunveiled5initiatives. YaleHarvard’sbitterest6revealeditsplanson January14th.Studentswhosefamiliesmake7than$60000a yearwillpaynothingatall.Familiesearningupto$200000ayearwillhave topayanaverageof10%oftheirincomes.Theuniversitywill8 itsfinancial-assistancebudgetby43%toover$80m. Harvardwillhaveasimilararrangementforfamilies makingupto$180000.ThatmakesthepriceofgoingtoHarvardorYale 9toattendingastate-rununiversityformiddle-and upper-incomestudents.Theuniversitieswillalsonotrequireanystudentto takeout10topayfortheir11a policyintroducedbyPrincetonin2001andbytheUniversityofPennsylvania justafterHarvard’s12.Noapplicantwhogainsadmission officialssayshouldfeel13togoelsewherebecauseheor shecan’taffordthefees.Noneofthatisquiteas altruisticasitsounds.HarvardandYaleareafterallnowlikelytolure morestudentsawayfrompreviously14optionsparticularly state-rununiversities15theiralreadyimpressive admissionsfiguresandreputations.Theschemesalso providea16forstructuringuniversityfeesinwhichhigh pricesforrichstudentshelpoffsetmodestpricesforpooreronesandfamilies areless17onfederalgrantsandgovernment-backedloans. Lesswealthyprivatecollegeswhosefeesarehighwill notbeableto18HarvardorYaleeasily.ButAmerica’s state-rununiversitieswhichhavetraditionallykepttheirfeeslowandstable mightwelltryadifferentiated19schemeastheyraise cashtocompeteacademicallywiththeirprivate20. IndeedtheUniversityofCaliforniasystemhasalreadystartedtoimplementa sliding-feescale.
SN1反应活性A．异丙基氯B．苄基氯C．丙烯基氯D．对-甲氧基苄基氯
PartADirections:Readthe followingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABC orD．Text1 Itistheworld’sfourth-most-important foodcropaftermaizewheatandrice.Itprovidesmorecaloriesmorequickly usinglesslandandinawiderrangeofclimatesthananyOtherplant.Itisof Coursethepotato.TheUnitedNationshasdeclared2008 theInternationalYearofthePotato.Ithopesthatgreaterawarenessofthe meritsofpotatoeswillcontributetotheachievementofitsMillennium DevelopmentGoalsbyhelpingtoalleviatepovertyimprovefoodsecurityand promoteeconomicdevelopment.Itisalwaystheinternationalyearofthisor monthofthat.Butthepotato’sunusualhistorymeansitiswellworth celebratingbyreadersofTheEconomistbecausethepotatoisintertwinedwith economicdevelopmenttradeliberalisationandglobalisation. Unlikelythoughitseemsthepotatopromotedeconomicdevelopmentby underpinningtheindustrialrevolutioninEnglandinthe19thcentury.It providedacheapsourceofcaloriesandwaseasytocultivatesoitliberated workersfromtheland.PotatoesbecamepopularinthenorthofEnglandas peopletherespecialisedinlivestockfarminganddomesticindustrywhile farmersinthesouthwherethesoilwasmoresuitableconcentratedonwheat production.Byahappyaccidentthisconcentratedindustrialactivityinthe regionswherecoalwasreadilyavailableandapotato-drivenpopulationboom providedampleworkersforthenewfactories.FriedrichEngelsevendeclared thatthepotatowastheequalofironforitshistoricallyrevolutionaryrole. Thepotatopromotedfreetradebycontributingtothe abolitionofBritain’sCornLaws-thecausewhichpromptedthefoundingofThe Economistin1843.TheCornLawsrestrictedimportsofgrainintotheUnited Kingdominordertoprotectdomesticwheatproducers.Landownerssupportedthe lawssincecheapimportedgrainwouldreducetheirincomebutindustrialists opposedthembecauseimportswoulddrivedownthecostoffoodallowingpeople tospendmoreonmanufacturedgoods.Ultimatelyitwasnottheeloquenceofthe argumentsagainsttheCornLawsthatledtotheirabolition-andmore’sthepity. ItwasthetragedyoftheIrishpotatofamineof1845inwhich1millionIrish perishedwhenthepotatocroponwhichtheysubsistedsuccumbedtoblight.The needtoimportgraintorelievethesituationinIrelandforcedthegovernment whichwasdominatedbylandownerswhobackedtheCornLawstoreverseits position.Thispavedthewayforliberalisationinother areasandfreetradebecameBritishpolicy.AstheDukeofWellington complainedatthetimerottenpotatoeshavedoneitall. IntheformofFrenchfriesservedalongsideburgersandCoca-Cola potatoesarenowaniconofglobalisation.Thisisquiteaturnaroundgiventhe scepticismwhichfirstgreetedthemontheirarrivalintheOldWorldinthe 16thcentury.Spudswerevariouslythoughttocauseleprosytobefitonlyfor animalstobeassociatedwiththedevilortobepoisonous.Theytookholdin 18thcenturyEuropeonlywhenwarandfaminemeanttherewasnothingelseto eat;peoplethenrealisedjusthowversatileandreliabletheywere.AsAdam Smithoneofthepotato’smanyadmirersobservedatthetimeThevery generalusewhichismadeofpotatoesinthesekingdomsasfoodformanisa convincingproofthattheprejudicesofanationwithregardtodiethowever deeplyrootedarebynomeansunconquerable.Mashedfriedboiledandroast ahumbletuberchangedtheworldandfree-tradingglobaliserseverywhereshould celebrateit.Accordingtothetextwhatarethefeaturesofpotatoes
以苯为原料运用付一克反应制备一烷基苯实验证明需用过量的苯其原因是
112-三甲基环丙烷与HBr加成的主要产物是
碱性 A．吡咯 B．嘧啶 C．四氢吡咯 D．吡啶
Text2 Twenty-sevenyearsagoEgyptrevised itssecularconstitutiontoenshrineMuslimshariaastheprincipalsourceof legislation.Tomostcitizensmostofthetimethatseeming contradiction-betweensecularismandreligion-hasnotmademuchdifference.Nine intenEgyptiansareSunniMuslimsandexpectIslamtogovernsuchthingsas marriagedivorceandinheritance.NearlyalltherestprofessChristianityor JudaismfaithsrecognisedandprotectedinIslam.Buttothesmallminoritywho embraceotherfaithsorwhohavetriedtoleaveIslamithasuntillately madeanincreasinglytroublingdifference.Membersof Egypt’s2000-strongBahaicommunityforinstancehavefoundtheycannotstate theirreligiononthenationalidentitycardsthatallEgyptiansareobligedto producetosecuresuchthingsasdriver’slicensesbankaccountssocial insuranceandstateschooling.HundredsofCopticChristianswhohaveconverted toIslamoftentoescapetheOrthodoxsect’sbanondivorcefindtheycannot reverttotheiroriginalfaith.InsomecaseschildrenraisedasChristians havediscoveredthatbecauseadivorcedparentconvertedtoIslamtheytoo havebecomeofficiallyMuslimandcannotclaimotherwise. Suchrestrictionsonreligiousfreedomarenotdirectlyaproductof shariasayhuman-rightscampaignersbutratherofrigidinterpretationsof Islamiclawbyover-zealousofficials.IntheirstrictviewBahaibeliefcannot berecognisedasalegitimatefaithsinceitaroseinthe19thcenturylong afterIslamstakeditsclaimtobethefinalrevelationinachainofprophecies beginningwithAdam.LikewisetheybrandanyattempttoleaveIslamwhatever thecircumstancesasaformofapostasypunishablebydeath. Butsuchviewshavelatelybeenchallenged.LastyearAliGomaatheGrand Muftiwhoisthegovernment’shighestreligiousadviserdeclaredthatnowhere inIslam’ssacredtextsdiditsaythatapostasyneedbepunishedinthepresent ratherthanbyGodintheafterlife.InthepastmonthEgyptiancourtshave issuedtworulingsthatwhilerestrictedinscopeshouldeasesomebothersome strictures.Bahaismaynowleavethespaceforreligion ontheiridentitycardsblank.TwelveformerChristianswonalawsuitandmay nowreturntotheiroriginalfaithonconditionthattheiridentitydocuments notetheirpreviousadherencetoIslam.Smallsteps perhapsbuttheypointthewaytowardsfreedomofchoiceandcitizenshipbased onequalrightsratherthanmembershipofaprivilegedreligion. WhattroublemaypeoplewhoareneitherMuslimsnorChristiansnorJudaistsencounteraccordingtothetext
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choose thebestwordsforeachnumberedblank. Weakdollarorno$46000-theprice forasingleyearofundergraduateinstructionamidtheredbrickofHarvard Yard-is1Butnowadayscostis2 barriertoentryatmanyofAmerica’sbestuniversities.Formidable financial-assistancepolicieshave3feesorslashedthem deeplyforneedystudents.AndlastmonthHarvardannouncedanewplandesigned to4thesticker-shockforundergraduatesfrommiddleand evenupper-incomefamiliestoo.Sincethenotherrich Americanuniversitieshaveunveiled5initiatives. YaleHarvard’sbitterest6revealeditsplanson January14th.Studentswhosefamiliesmake7than$60000a yearwillpaynothingatall.Familiesearningupto$200000ayearwillhave topayanaverageof10%oftheirincomes.Theuniversitywill8 itsfinancial-assistancebudgetby43%toover$80m. Harvardwillhaveasimilararrangementforfamilies makingupto$180000.ThatmakesthepriceofgoingtoHarvardorYale 9toattendingastate-rununiversityformiddle-and upper-incomestudents.Theuniversitieswillalsonotrequireanystudentto takeout10topayfortheir11a policyintroducedbyPrincetonin2001andbytheUniversityofPennsylvania justafterHarvard’s12.Noapplicantwhogainsadmission officialssayshouldfeel13togoelsewherebecauseheor shecan’taffordthefees.Noneofthatisquiteas altruisticasitsounds.HarvardandYaleareafterallnowlikelytolure morestudentsawayfrompreviously14optionsparticularly state-rununiversities15theiralreadyimpressive admissionsfiguresandreputations.Theschemesalso providea16forstructuringuniversityfeesinwhichhigh pricesforrichstudentshelpoffsetmodestpricesforpooreronesandfamilies areless17onfederalgrantsandgovernment-backedloans. Lesswealthyprivatecollegeswhosefeesarehighwill notbeableto18HarvardorYaleeasily.ButAmerica’s state-rununiversitieswhichhavetraditionallykepttheirfeeslowandstable mightwelltryadifferentiated19schemeastheyraise cashtocompeteacademicallywiththeirprivate20. IndeedtheUniversityofCaliforniasystemhasalreadystartedtoimplementa sliding-feescale.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choose thebestwordsforeachnumberedblank. Weakdollarorno$46000-theprice forasingleyearofundergraduateinstructionamidtheredbrickofHarvard Yard-is1Butnowadayscostis2 barriertoentryatmanyofAmerica’sbestuniversities.Formidable financial-assistancepolicieshave3feesorslashedthem deeplyforneedystudents.AndlastmonthHarvardannouncedanewplandesigned to4thesticker-shockforundergraduatesfrommiddleand evenupper-incomefamiliestoo.Sincethenotherrich Americanuniversitieshaveunveiled5initiatives. YaleHarvard’sbitterest6revealeditsplanson January14th.Studentswhosefamiliesmake7than$60000a yearwillpaynothingatall.Familiesearningupto$200000ayearwillhave topayanaverageof10%oftheirincomes.Theuniversitywill8 itsfinancial-assistancebudgetby43%toover$80m. Harvardwillhaveasimilararrangementforfamilies makingupto$180000.ThatmakesthepriceofgoingtoHarvardorYale 9toattendingastate-rununiversityformiddle-and upper-incomestudents.Theuniversitieswillalsonotrequireanystudentto takeout10topayfortheir11a policyintroducedbyPrincetonin2001andbytheUniversityofPennsylvania justafterHarvard’s12.Noapplicantwhogainsadmission officialssayshouldfeel13togoelsewherebecauseheor shecan’taffordthefees.Noneofthatisquiteas altruisticasitsounds.HarvardandYaleareafterallnowlikelytolure morestudentsawayfrompreviously14optionsparticularly state-rununiversities15theiralreadyimpressive admissionsfiguresandreputations.Theschemesalso providea16forstructuringuniversityfeesinwhichhigh pricesforrichstudentshelpoffsetmodestpricesforpooreronesandfamilies areless17onfederalgrantsandgovernment-backedloans. Lesswealthyprivatecollegeswhosefeesarehighwill notbeableto18HarvardorYaleeasily.ButAmerica’s state-rununiversitieswhichhavetraditionallykepttheirfeeslowandstable mightwelltryadifferentiated19schemeastheyraise cashtocompeteacademicallywiththeirprivate20. IndeedtheUniversityofCaliforniasystemhasalreadystartedtoimplementa sliding-feescale.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choose thebestwordsforeachnumberedblank. Weakdollarorno$46000-theprice forasingleyearofundergraduateinstructionamidtheredbrickofHarvard Yard-is1Butnowadayscostis2 barriertoentryatmanyofAmerica’sbestuniversities.Formidable financial-assistancepolicieshave3feesorslashedthem deeplyforneedystudents.AndlastmonthHarvardannouncedanewplandesigned to4thesticker-shockforundergraduatesfrommiddleand evenupper-incomefamiliestoo.Sincethenotherrich Americanuniversitieshaveunveiled5initiatives. YaleHarvard’sbitterest6revealeditsplanson January14th.Studentswhosefamiliesmake7than$60000a yearwillpaynothingatall.Familiesearningupto$200000ayearwillhave topayanaverageof10%oftheirincomes.Theuniversitywill8 itsfinancial-assistancebudgetby43%toover$80m. Harvardwillhaveasimilararrangementforfamilies makingupto$180000.ThatmakesthepriceofgoingtoHarvardorYale 9toattendingastate-rununiversityformiddle-and upper-incomestudents.Theuniversitieswillalsonotrequireanystudentto takeout10topayfortheir11a policyintroducedbyPrincetonin2001andbytheUniversityofPennsylvania justafterHarvard’s12.Noapplicantwhogainsadmission officialssayshouldfeel13togoelsewherebecauseheor shecan’taffordthefees.Noneofthatisquiteas altruisticasitsounds.HarvardandYaleareafterallnowlikelytolure morestudentsawayfrompreviously14optionsparticularly state-rununiversities15theiralreadyimpressive admissionsfiguresandreputations.Theschemesalso providea16forstructuringuniversityfeesinwhichhigh pricesforrichstudentshelpoffsetmodestpricesforpooreronesandfamilies areless17onfederalgrantsandgovernment-backedloans. Lesswealthyprivatecollegeswhosefeesarehighwill notbeableto18HarvardorYaleeasily.ButAmerica’s state-rununiversitieswhichhavetraditionallykepttheirfeeslowandstable mightwelltryadifferentiated19schemeastheyraise cashtocompeteacademicallywiththeirprivate20. IndeedtheUniversityofCaliforniasystemhasalreadystartedtoimplementa sliding-feescale.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choose thebestwordsforeachnumberedblank. Weakdollarorno$46000-theprice forasingleyearofundergraduateinstructionamidtheredbrickofHarvard Yard-is1Butnowadayscostis2 barriertoentryatmanyofAmerica’sbestuniversities.Formidable financial-assistancepolicieshave3feesorslashedthem deeplyforneedystudents.AndlastmonthHarvardannouncedanewplandesigned to4thesticker-shockforundergraduatesfrommiddleand evenupper-incomefamiliestoo.Sincethenotherrich Americanuniversitieshaveunveiled5initiatives. YaleHarvard’sbitterest6revealeditsplanson January14th.Studentswhosefamiliesmake7than$60000a yearwillpaynothingatall.Familiesearningupto$200000ayearwillhave topayanaverageof10%oftheirincomes.Theuniversitywill8 itsfinancial-assistancebudgetby43%toover$80m. Harvardwillhaveasimilararrangementforfamilies makingupto$180000.ThatmakesthepriceofgoingtoHarvardorYale 9toattendingastate-rununiversityformiddle-and upper-incomestudents.Theuniversitieswillalsonotrequireanystudentto takeout10topayfortheir11a policyintroducedbyPrincetonin2001andbytheUniversityofPennsylvania justafterHarvard’s12.Noapplicantwhogainsadmission officialssayshouldfeel13togoelsewherebecauseheor shecan’taffordthefees.Noneofthatisquiteas altruisticasitsounds.HarvardandYaleareafterallnowlikelytolure morestudentsawayfrompreviously14optionsparticularly state-rununiversities15theiralreadyimpressive admissionsfiguresandreputations.Theschemesalso providea16forstructuringuniversityfeesinwhichhigh pricesforrichstudentshelpoffsetmodestpricesforpooreronesandfamilies areless17onfederalgrantsandgovernment-backedloans. Lesswealthyprivatecollegeswhosefeesarehighwill notbeableto18HarvardorYaleeasily.ButAmerica’s state-rununiversitieswhichhavetraditionallykepttheirfeeslowandstable mightwelltryadifferentiated19schemeastheyraise cashtocompeteacademicallywiththeirprivate20. IndeedtheUniversityofCaliforniasystemhasalreadystartedtoimplementa sliding-feescale.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choose thebestwordsforeachnumberedblank. Weakdollarorno$46000-theprice forasingleyearofundergraduateinstructionamidtheredbrickofHarvard Yard-is1Butnowadayscostis2 barriertoentryatmanyofAmerica’sbestuniversities.Formidable financial-assistancepolicieshave3feesorslashedthem deeplyforneedystudents.AndlastmonthHarvardannouncedanewplandesigned to4thesticker-shockforundergraduatesfrommiddleand evenupper-incomefamiliestoo.Sincethenotherrich Americanuniversitieshaveunveiled5initiatives. YaleHarvard’sbitterest6revealeditsplanson January14th.Studentswhosefamiliesmake7than$60000a yearwillpaynothingatall.Familiesearningupto$200000ayearwillhave topayanaverageof10%oftheirincomes.Theuniversitywill8 itsfinancial-assistancebudgetby43%toover$80m. Harvardwillhaveasimilararrangementforfamilies makingupto$180000.ThatmakesthepriceofgoingtoHarvardorYale 9toattendingastate-rununiversityformiddle-and upper-incomestudents.Theuniversitieswillalsonotrequireanystudentto takeout10topayfortheir11a policyintroducedbyPrincetonin2001andbytheUniversityofPennsylvania justafterHarvard’s12.Noapplicantwhogainsadmission officialssayshouldfeel13togoelsewherebecauseheor shecan’taffordthefees.Noneofthatisquiteas altruisticasitsounds.HarvardandYaleareafterallnowlikelytolure morestudentsawayfrompreviously14optionsparticularly state-rununiversities15theiralreadyimpressive admissionsfiguresandreputations.Theschemesalso providea16forstructuringuniversityfeesinwhichhigh pricesforrichstudentshelpoffsetmodestpricesforpooreronesandfamilies areless17onfederalgrantsandgovernment-backedloans. Lesswealthyprivatecollegeswhosefeesarehighwill notbeableto18HarvardorYaleeasily.ButAmerica’s state-rununiversitieswhichhavetraditionallykepttheirfeeslowandstable mightwelltryadifferentiated19schemeastheyraise cashtocompeteacademicallywiththeirprivate20. IndeedtheUniversityofCaliforniasystemhasalreadystartedtoimplementa sliding-feescale.
PartADirections:Readthe followingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABC orD．Text1 Itistheworld’sfourth-most-important foodcropaftermaizewheatandrice.Itprovidesmorecaloriesmorequickly usinglesslandandinawiderrangeofclimatesthananyOtherplant.Itisof Coursethepotato.TheUnitedNationshasdeclared2008 theInternationalYearofthePotato.Ithopesthatgreaterawarenessofthe meritsofpotatoeswillcontributetotheachievementofitsMillennium DevelopmentGoalsbyhelpingtoalleviatepovertyimprovefoodsecurityand promoteeconomicdevelopment.Itisalwaystheinternationalyearofthisor monthofthat.Butthepotato’sunusualhistorymeansitiswellworth celebratingbyreadersofTheEconomistbecausethepotatoisintertwinedwith economicdevelopmenttradeliberalisationandglobalisation. Unlikelythoughitseemsthepotatopromotedeconomicdevelopmentby underpinningtheindustrialrevolutioninEnglandinthe19thcentury.It providedacheapsourceofcaloriesandwaseasytocultivatesoitliberated workersfromtheland.PotatoesbecamepopularinthenorthofEnglandas peopletherespecialisedinlivestockfarminganddomesticindustrywhile farmersinthesouthwherethesoilwasmoresuitableconcentratedonwheat production.Byahappyaccidentthisconcentratedindustrialactivityinthe regionswherecoalwasreadilyavailableandapotato-drivenpopulationboom providedampleworkersforthenewfactories.FriedrichEngelsevendeclared thatthepotatowastheequalofironforitshistoricallyrevolutionaryrole. Thepotatopromotedfreetradebycontributingtothe abolitionofBritain’sCornLaws-thecausewhichpromptedthefoundingofThe Economistin1843.TheCornLawsrestrictedimportsofgrainintotheUnited Kingdominordertoprotectdomesticwheatproducers.Landownerssupportedthe lawssincecheapimportedgrainwouldreducetheirincomebutindustrialists opposedthembecauseimportswoulddrivedownthecostoffoodallowingpeople tospendmoreonmanufacturedgoods.Ultimatelyitwasnottheeloquenceofthe argumentsagainsttheCornLawsthatledtotheirabolition-andmore’sthepity. ItwasthetragedyoftheIrishpotatofamineof1845inwhich1millionIrish perishedwhenthepotatocroponwhichtheysubsistedsuccumbedtoblight.The needtoimportgraintorelievethesituationinIrelandforcedthegovernment whichwasdominatedbylandownerswhobackedtheCornLawstoreverseits position.Thispavedthewayforliberalisationinother areasandfreetradebecameBritishpolicy.AstheDukeofWellington complainedatthetimerottenpotatoeshavedoneitall. IntheformofFrenchfriesservedalongsideburgersandCoca-Cola potatoesarenowaniconofglobalisation.Thisisquiteaturnaroundgiventhe scepticismwhichfirstgreetedthemontheirarrivalintheOldWorldinthe 16thcentury.Spudswerevariouslythoughttocauseleprosytobefitonlyfor animalstobeassociatedwiththedevilortobepoisonous.Theytookholdin 18thcenturyEuropeonlywhenwarandfaminemeanttherewasnothingelseto eat;peoplethenrealisedjusthowversatileandreliabletheywere.AsAdam Smithoneofthepotato’smanyadmirersobservedatthetimeThevery generalusewhichismadeofpotatoesinthesekingdomsasfoodformanisa convincingproofthattheprejudicesofanationwithregardtodiethowever deeplyrootedarebynomeansunconquerable.Mashedfriedboiledandroast ahumbletuberchangedtheworldandfree-tradingglobaliserseverywhereshould celebrateit.FriedrichEngelsdeclaredthatthepotatowastheequalofironforitshistoricallyrevolutionaryrolethenaccordingtothetextwhatdoesthishistoricallyrevolutionaryrolereferto
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choose thebestwordsforeachnumberedblank. Weakdollarorno$46000-theprice forasingleyearofundergraduateinstructionamidtheredbrickofHarvard Yard-is1Butnowadayscostis2 barriertoentryatmanyofAmerica’sbestuniversities.Formidable financial-assistancepolicieshave3feesorslashedthem deeplyforneedystudents.AndlastmonthHarvardannouncedanewplandesigned to4thesticker-shockforundergraduatesfrommiddleand evenupper-incomefamiliestoo.Sincethenotherrich Americanuniversitieshaveunveiled5initiatives. YaleHarvard’sbitterest6revealeditsplanson January14th.Studentswhosefamiliesmake7than$60000a yearwillpaynothingatall.Familiesearningupto$200000ayearwillhave topayanaverageof10%oftheirincomes.Theuniversitywill8 itsfinancial-assistancebudgetby43%toover$80m. Harvardwillhaveasimilararrangementforfamilies makingupto$180000.ThatmakesthepriceofgoingtoHarvardorYale 9toattendingastate-rununiversityformiddle-and upper-incomestudents.Theuniversitieswillalsonotrequireanystudentto takeout10topayfortheir11a policyintroducedbyPrincetonin2001andbytheUniversityofPennsylvania justafterHarvard’s12.Noapplicantwhogainsadmission officialssayshouldfeel13togoelsewherebecauseheor shecan’taffordthefees.Noneofthatisquiteas altruisticasitsounds.HarvardandYaleareafterallnowlikelytolure morestudentsawayfrompreviously14optionsparticularly state-rununiversities15theiralreadyimpressive admissionsfiguresandreputations.Theschemesalso providea16forstructuringuniversityfeesinwhichhigh pricesforrichstudentshelpoffsetmodestpricesforpooreronesandfamilies areless17onfederalgrantsandgovernment-backedloans. Lesswealthyprivatecollegeswhosefeesarehighwill notbeableto18HarvardorYaleeasily.ButAmerica’s state-rununiversitieswhichhavetraditionallykepttheirfeeslowandstable mightwelltryadifferentiated19schemeastheyraise cashtocompeteacademicallywiththeirprivate20. IndeedtheUniversityofCaliforniasystemhasalreadystartedtoimplementa sliding-feescale.
下列哪个化合物能与
SE反应活性A．甲苯B．β-苯基乙酸乙酯C．苯甲酸乙酯D．氯苯
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choose thebestwordsforeachnumberedblank. Weakdollarorno$46000-theprice forasingleyearofundergraduateinstructionamidtheredbrickofHarvard Yard-is1Butnowadayscostis2 barriertoentryatmanyofAmerica’sbestuniversities.Formidable financial-assistancepolicieshave3feesorslashedthem deeplyforneedystudents.AndlastmonthHarvardannouncedanewplandesigned to4thesticker-shockforundergraduatesfrommiddleand evenupper-incomefamiliestoo.Sincethenotherrich Americanuniversitieshaveunveiled5initiatives. YaleHarvard’sbitterest6revealeditsplanson January14th.Studentswhosefamiliesmake7than$60000a yearwillpaynothingatall.Familiesearningupto$200000ayearwillhave topayanaverageof10%oftheirincomes.Theuniversitywill8 itsfinancial-assistancebudgetby43%toover$80m. Harvardwillhaveasimilararrangementforfamilies makingupto$180000.ThatmakesthepriceofgoingtoHarvardorYale 9toattendingastate-rununiversityformiddle-and upper-incomestudents.Theuniversitieswillalsonotrequireanystudentto takeout10topayfortheir11a policyintroducedbyPrincetonin2001andbytheUniversityofPennsylvania justafterHarvard’s12.Noapplicantwhogainsadmission officialssayshouldfeel13togoelsewherebecauseheor shecan’taffordthefees.Noneofthatisquiteas altruisticasitsounds.HarvardandYaleareafterallnowlikelytolure morestudentsawayfrompreviously14optionsparticularly state-rununiversities15theiralreadyimpressive admissionsfiguresandreputations.Theschemesalso providea16forstructuringuniversityfeesinwhichhigh pricesforrichstudentshelpoffsetmodestpricesforpooreronesandfamilies areless17onfederalgrantsandgovernment-backedloans. Lesswealthyprivatecollegeswhosefeesarehighwill notbeableto18HarvardorYaleeasily.ButAmerica’s state-rununiversitieswhichhavetraditionallykepttheirfeeslowandstable mightwelltryadifferentiated19schemeastheyraise cashtocompeteacademicallywiththeirprivate20. IndeedtheUniversityofCaliforniasystemhasalreadystartedtoimplementa sliding-feescale.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choose thebestwordsforeachnumberedblank. Weakdollarorno$46000-theprice forasingleyearofundergraduateinstructionamidtheredbrickofHarvard Yard-is1Butnowadayscostis2 barriertoentryatmanyofAmerica’sbestuniversities.Formidable financial-assistancepolicieshave3feesorslashedthem deeplyforneedystudents.AndlastmonthHarvardannouncedanewplandesigned to4thesticker-shockforundergraduatesfrommiddleand evenupper-incomefamiliestoo.Sincethenotherrich Americanuniversitieshaveunveiled5initiatives. YaleHarvard’sbitterest6revealeditsplanson January14th.Studentswhosefamiliesmake7than$60000a yearwillpaynothingatall.Familiesearningupto$200000ayearwillhave topayanaverageof10%oftheirincomes.Theuniversitywill8 itsfinancial-assistancebudgetby43%toover$80m. Harvardwillhaveasimilararrangementforfamilies makingupto$180000.ThatmakesthepriceofgoingtoHarvardorYale 9toattendingastate-rununiversityformiddle-and upper-incomestudents.Theuniversitieswillalsonotrequireanystudentto takeout10topayfortheir11a policyintroducedbyPrincetonin2001andbytheUniversityofPennsylvania justafterHarvard’s12.Noapplicantwhogainsadmission officialssayshouldfeel13togoelsewherebecauseheor shecan’taffordthefees.Noneofthatisquiteas altruisticasitsounds.HarvardandYaleareafterallnowlikelytolure morestudentsawayfrompreviously14optionsparticularly state-rununiversities15theiralreadyimpressive admissionsfiguresandreputations.Theschemesalso providea16forstructuringuniversityfeesinwhichhigh pricesforrichstudentshelpoffsetmodestpricesforpooreronesandfamilies areless17onfederalgrantsandgovernment-backedloans. Lesswealthyprivatecollegeswhosefeesarehighwill notbeableto18HarvardorYaleeasily.ButAmerica’s state-rununiversitieswhichhavetraditionallykepttheirfeeslowandstable mightwelltryadifferentiated19schemeastheyraise cashtocompeteacademicallywiththeirprivate20. IndeedtheUniversityofCaliforniasystemhasalreadystartedtoimplementa sliding-feescale.
Text2 Twenty-sevenyearsagoEgyptrevised itssecularconstitutiontoenshrineMuslimshariaastheprincipalsourceof legislation.Tomostcitizensmostofthetimethatseeming contradiction-betweensecularismandreligion-hasnotmademuchdifference.Nine intenEgyptiansareSunniMuslimsandexpectIslamtogovernsuchthingsas marriagedivorceandinheritance.NearlyalltherestprofessChristianityor JudaismfaithsrecognisedandprotectedinIslam.Buttothesmallminoritywho embraceotherfaithsorwhohavetriedtoleaveIslamithasuntillately madeanincreasinglytroublingdifference.Membersof Egypt’s2000-strongBahaicommunityforinstancehavefoundtheycannotstate theirreligiononthenationalidentitycardsthatallEgyptiansareobligedto producetosecuresuchthingsasdriver’slicensesbankaccountssocial insuranceandstateschooling.HundredsofCopticChristianswhohaveconverted toIslamoftentoescapetheOrthodoxsect’sbanondivorcefindtheycannot reverttotheiroriginalfaith.InsomecaseschildrenraisedasChristians havediscoveredthatbecauseadivorcedparentconvertedtoIslamtheytoo havebecomeofficiallyMuslimandcannotclaimotherwise. Suchrestrictionsonreligiousfreedomarenotdirectlyaproductof shariasayhuman-rightscampaignersbutratherofrigidinterpretationsof Islamiclawbyover-zealousofficials.IntheirstrictviewBahaibeliefcannot berecognisedasalegitimatefaithsinceitaroseinthe19thcenturylong afterIslamstakeditsclaimtobethefinalrevelationinachainofprophecies beginningwithAdam.LikewisetheybrandanyattempttoleaveIslamwhatever thecircumstancesasaformofapostasypunishablebydeath. Butsuchviewshavelatelybeenchallenged.LastyearAliGomaatheGrand Muftiwhoisthegovernment’shighestreligiousadviserdeclaredthatnowhere inIslam’ssacredtextsdiditsaythatapostasyneedbepunishedinthepresent ratherthanbyGodintheafterlife.InthepastmonthEgyptiancourtshave issuedtworulingsthatwhilerestrictedinscopeshouldeasesomebothersome strictures.Bahaismaynowleavethespaceforreligion ontheiridentitycardsblank.TwelveformerChristianswonalawsuitandmay nowreturntotheiroriginalfaithonconditionthattheiridentitydocuments notetheirpreviousadherencetoIslam.Smallsteps perhapsbuttheypointthewaytowardsfreedomofchoiceandcitizenshipbased onequalrightsratherthanmembershipofaprivilegedreligion. Whatprogresshasnowbeenmadetowardreligiousfreedom
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