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In his poems, he compared his little daughter ______ a flower.
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WaltWhitmanwasbornin1819inLongIslandNewYork.Whitma
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单项选择–IsMr.Brownfamous____hispoems?–Yesbutheisn’tkn
for; as
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阅读理解阅读下列短文从各题所给的四个选项AB.C.D中选出最佳选项Whatcouldapoemwri
Hewasan_____poetatthattimeandhis_____poemsspreadth
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RobertFrostwasatheartamean-spiritedhumanbeingnotth
A.stopB.readingC.bestD.forceAB.freeAC.forgetAD.hap
RobertBurnsisthemostfamouspoettowriteinScotsthetra
Thesedaysmanypassers-byalwaysspotabeggarontheJiaoc
WhendidthenameAirJordanbecomewellknown
After a reporter compared his dunk to flying.
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Jonny'smouthwatered______thebigpudding.
PassageThree Itisnaturalforyoungpeopletobecriticaloftheirparentsattimesandtoblamethemformostofthemisunderstandingsbetweenthem.Theyhavealwayscomplainedmoreorlessjustlythattheirparentsareoutoftouchwithmodemways;thattheyarepossessiveanddominant;thattheydonottrusttheirchildrentodealwithcrises;thattheytalktoomuchaboutcertainproblems;andthattheyhavenosenseofhumoratleastinparent-childrelationships. Ithinkitistruethatparentsoftenunderestimatetheirteenagechildrenandalsoforgethowtheythemselvesfeltwhenyoung. Youngpeopleoftenirritatetheirparentswiththeirchoicesinclothesandhairstylesinentertainmentsandmusic.Thisisnottheirmotive.Theyfeelcutofffromtheadultworldintowhichtheyhavenotyetbeenaccepted.Sotheycreateacultureandsocietyoftheirown.Thenifitturnsoutthattheirmusicorentertainmentsorvocabularyorclothesorhairstylesirritatetheirparentsthisgivesthemadditionalenjoyment.Theyfeeltheyaresuperioratleastinasmallwayandthattheyareleadersinstyleandtaste. Sometimesyouareresistantandproudbecauseyoudonotwantyourparentstoapproveofwhatyoudo.Iftheydidapproveitlooksasifyouarebetrayingyourownagegroup.Butinthatcaseyouareassumingthatyouaretheunderdog:youcan’twinbutatleastyoucankeepyourhonor.Thisisapassivewayoflookingatthings.Itisnaturalenoughafterlongyearsofchildhoodwhenyouwerecompletelyunderyourparents’control.Butitignoresthefactthatyouarenowbeginningtoberesponsibleforyourself. Ifyouplantocontrolyourlifecooperationcanbepartofthatplan.Youcancharmothersespeciallyyourparentsintodoingthingsthewaysyouwant.Youcanimpressotherswithyoursenseofresponsibilityandinitiativesothattheywillgiveyoutheauthoritytodowhatyouwanttodo. Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout
Apieceofwritinggivinginstructionshasmuchincommonwiththeexplanationofaprocess36itisaddressedtoadifferentreaderand37adifferentpurpose.Thereaderissomeonewhomaybeexpectedto38theprocessandthepurposeistoenable39toperformitproperlyratherthan40tounderstandit.Inonesenseoftheworld41seemtomeanthesamething42orders;butthereisadifferencebetweenorderingapersonto43somethingandtellinghim44todosomething.Thetwopossibilitiesarenotmutually相互地exclusiveand45maybecalledforonsomeoccasions.46ourcontexthowevergivinginstructionsmeansgiving47ratherthangivingorders48suchinformationmaysometimesbeexpressedintheimperative命令地49. Intechnicalwriting50instructionsisusuallya51oftellinghowtoperformsomephysicalprocesssuchasassemblingusinginspecting52repairingequipmentperformingatestordoingsomejobinalaboratory.Suchinstructionsaregiven53manufacturerstodealers商人whosellandservicetheirproductsandtoconsumerswhousethem;they54thebulkofthecontentsoflaboratorymanuals;theyareproducedintheformofinstructionmanualsasaresultof55laborbythemultimillion-dollarindustriesthatservethearmedforces. 52
PassageTwo Americanhaslongbeenconsideredthelandofopportunitybythosefromothercountries.AmericanstoobelievethattheUnitedStatesprovidesalmostlimifiessopportunityforthosewhowanttoopenbusinessesontheirown. TodayAmericansarestillfondoftryingtheirhandatbecomingsmallbusinesspeopleeventhoughonlyoneoutoftwosurvivesthefirsttwoyears.Manyofthesepeoplestarttheirbusinessesforthewrongreasons:togetawayfromthepaperworkoftheirpresentjobsortoexchangetheresponsibilityoftheirpresentjobsforfreerlifestyles.Butmorenotlesspaperworkandresponsibilitycomewithownershipofasmallbusiness.JohnShuttleworthowneroftherecentlysuccessfullife-ecologynewsmagazineMotherEarthreportshavinghadtoworksixtyhoursstraightinordertobringoutthefirstissue. JohnShuttleworthwaitedyearsafterconceivingtheideaforMotherEarthbeforeheattemptedtoputoutthefirstissue.Duringthattimehecollectedasmuchinformationashecouldabouthisproposedventure.Heborrowedbooksaboutbusinessfromthelibrary;hetalkedtopeoplealreadyestablishedinthefield;andhebeganplanningindetailtheamountofmoneyandthekindsandnumbersofsupplieshewouldneed.Whenhefinallyopenedwithacapitalof$1500hesetuphisofficeinthekitchenofhishomeandhisprintingpressinthegarage.DuetohisdevotiontobusinesshismanagerialskillandhistalentMotherEarthnowhasacirculationof300000: NotallsmallbusinesssucceedaswellasMotherEarthhas.Fiftypercentofthe450000thatstartintheUnitedStateseveryyearfail.Stillninety-fivepercentbusinessesintheStatescanbedescribedassmall.CombinedthesebusinessesaccountforfortypercentofAmerica’sgrossnationalproduct. Accordingtothispassagemanypeoplestarttheirownbusinessesforthewrongreasons.Thereasonsarewrongbecausetheydonotrealizethat
PassageOne Themakingofglassisaveryoldindustry--atleast4500yearsold.Glasshasmanyextraordinaryqualitiesanditisfrequentlybeingusedinnewways. Oneofthemostinterestingnewusesforglassisintelephonecommunication.Scientistshavedevelopedglassfibersasthinashumanhairwhicharedesignedtocan-ylightsignals.Whenthelightreachestheotherenditisfirstchangedintoelectricalsignalswhichareinturnconvertedintosoundmessages. CalledlightwavecommunicationthenewsystemwasusedsuccessfullyinanexperimentinChicagoin1997.Duringtheexperimenttwoglassfiberswereabletocarry672conversationsatthesametime.Thelightwavecablecontaining144glassfibershasthecapacitytocarry50000conversationsatthesametime. Thelightwavecommunicationsystemhastwoimportantadvantages.Firsttheglassfibercablesaresmallerandweighlessthancopper.Secondtheycostless. Perhapsitcanbesaidthattelephonecommunicationhasenteredtheageoflight. Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage
PassageThree Itisnaturalforyoungpeopletobecriticaloftheirparentsattimesandtoblamethemformostofthemisunderstandingsbetweenthem.Theyhavealwayscomplainedmoreorlessjustlythattheirparentsareoutoftouchwithmodemways;thattheyarepossessiveanddominant;thattheydonottrusttheirchildrentodealwithcrises;thattheytalktoomuchaboutcertainproblems;andthattheyhavenosenseofhumoratleastinparent-childrelationships. Ithinkitistruethatparentsoftenunderestimatetheirteenagechildrenandalsoforgethowtheythemselvesfeltwhenyoung. Youngpeopleoftenirritatetheirparentswiththeirchoicesinclothesandhairstylesinentertainmentsandmusic.Thisisnottheirmotive.Theyfeelcutofffromtheadultworldintowhichtheyhavenotyetbeenaccepted.Sotheycreateacultureandsocietyoftheirown.Thenifitturnsoutthattheirmusicorentertainmentsorvocabularyorclothesorhairstylesirritatetheirparentsthisgivesthemadditionalenjoyment.Theyfeeltheyaresuperioratleastinasmallwayandthattheyareleadersinstyleandtaste. Sometimesyouareresistantandproudbecauseyoudonotwantyourparentstoapproveofwhatyoudo.Iftheydidapproveitlooksasifyouarebetrayingyourownagegroup.Butinthatcaseyouareassumingthatyouaretheunderdog:youcan’twinbutatleastyoucankeepyourhonor.Thisisapassivewayoflookingatthings.Itisnaturalenoughafterlongyearsofchildhoodwhenyouwerecompletelyunderyourparents’control.Butitignoresthefactthatyouarenowbeginningtoberesponsibleforyourself. Ifyouplantocontrolyourlifecooperationcanbepartofthatplan.Youcancharmothersespeciallyyourparentsintodoingthingsthewaysyouwant.Youcanimpressotherswithyoursenseofresponsibilityandinitiativesothattheywillgiveyoutheauthoritytodowhatyouwanttodo. Teenagersdonotwanttheirparentstoapproveofwhatevertheydobecausethey
PassageThree Itisnaturalforyoungpeopletobecriticaloftheirparentsattimesandtoblamethemformostofthemisunderstandingsbetweenthem.Theyhavealwayscomplainedmoreorlessjustlythattheirparentsareoutoftouchwithmodemways;thattheyarepossessiveanddominant;thattheydonottrusttheirchildrentodealwithcrises;thattheytalktoomuchaboutcertainproblems;andthattheyhavenosenseofhumoratleastinparent-childrelationships. Ithinkitistruethatparentsoftenunderestimatetheirteenagechildrenandalsoforgethowtheythemselvesfeltwhenyoung. Youngpeopleoftenirritatetheirparentswiththeirchoicesinclothesandhairstylesinentertainmentsandmusic.Thisisnottheirmotive.Theyfeelcutofffromtheadultworldintowhichtheyhavenotyetbeenaccepted.Sotheycreateacultureandsocietyoftheirown.Thenifitturnsoutthattheirmusicorentertainmentsorvocabularyorclothesorhairstylesirritatetheirparentsthisgivesthemadditionalenjoyment.Theyfeeltheyaresuperioratleastinasmallwayandthattheyareleadersinstyleandtaste. Sometimesyouareresistantandproudbecauseyoudonotwantyourparentstoapproveofwhatyoudo.Iftheydidapproveitlooksasifyouarebetrayingyourownagegroup.Butinthatcaseyouareassumingthatyouaretheunderdog:youcan’twinbutatleastyoucankeepyourhonor.Thisisapassivewayoflookingatthings.Itisnaturalenoughafterlongyearsofchildhoodwhenyouwerecompletelyunderyourparents’control.Butitignoresthefactthatyouarenowbeginningtoberesponsibleforyourself. Ifyouplantocontrolyourlifecooperationcanbepartofthatplan.Youcancharmothersespeciallyyourparentsintodoingthingsthewaysyouwant.Youcanimpressotherswithyoursenseofresponsibilityandinitiativesothattheywillgiveyoutheauthoritytodowhatyouwanttodo. Teenagerstendtohavestrangeclothesandhairstylesbecausethey
Apieceofwritinggivinginstructionshasmuchincommonwiththeexplanationofaprocess36itisaddressedtoadifferentreaderand37adifferentpurpose.Thereaderissomeonewhomaybeexpectedto38theprocessandthepurposeistoenable39toperformitproperlyratherthan40tounderstandit.Inonesenseoftheworld41seemtomeanthesamething42orders;butthereisadifferencebetweenorderingapersonto43somethingandtellinghim44todosomething.Thetwopossibilitiesarenotmutually相互地exclusiveand45maybecalledforonsomeoccasions.46ourcontexthowevergivinginstructionsmeansgiving47ratherthangivingorders48suchinformationmaysometimesbeexpressedintheimperative命令地49. Intechnicalwriting50instructionsisusuallya51oftellinghowtoperformsomephysicalprocesssuchasassemblingusinginspecting52repairingequipmentperformingatestordoingsomejobinalaboratory.Suchinstructionsaregiven53manufacturerstodealers商人whosellandservicetheirproductsandtoconsumerswhousethem;they54thebulkofthecontentsoflaboratorymanuals;theyareproducedintheformofinstructionmanualsasaresultof55laborbythemultimillion-dollarindustriesthatservethearmedforces. 46
Heusedalotofexamplestomakehimself______.
Laterthesmallworkshop______aworld-famouscompany.
Itisvery______ofyoutotakecareofthechildrenwhiletheirparentsareaway.
Apieceofwritinggivinginstructionshasmuchincommonwiththeexplanationofaprocess36itisaddressedtoadifferentreaderand37adifferentpurpose.Thereaderissomeonewhomaybeexpectedto38theprocessandthepurposeistoenable39toperformitproperlyratherthan40tounderstandit.Inonesenseoftheworld41seemtomeanthesamething42orders;butthereisadifferencebetweenorderingapersonto43somethingandtellinghim44todosomething.Thetwopossibilitiesarenotmutually相互地exclusiveand45maybecalledforonsomeoccasions.46ourcontexthowevergivinginstructionsmeansgiving47ratherthangivingorders48suchinformationmaysometimesbeexpressedintheimperative命令地49. Intechnicalwriting50instructionsisusuallya51oftellinghowtoperformsomephysicalprocesssuchasassemblingusinginspecting52repairingequipmentperformingatestordoingsomejobinalaboratory.Suchinstructionsaregiven53manufacturerstodealers商人whosellandservicetheirproductsandtoconsumerswhousethem;they54thebulkofthecontentsoflaboratorymanuals;theyareproducedintheformofinstructionmanualsasaresultof55laborbythemultimillion-dollarindustriesthatservethearmedforces. 40
Therobberwas______bythepolicewithbreakingthelaw.
Itisclearthatcomputershave______mentalabilitiestomanyanimals.
PassageOne Themakingofglassisaveryoldindustry--atleast4500yearsold.Glasshasmanyextraordinaryqualitiesanditisfrequentlybeingusedinnewways. Oneofthemostinterestingnewusesforglassisintelephonecommunication.Scientistshavedevelopedglassfibersasthinashumanhairwhicharedesignedtocan-ylightsignals.Whenthelightreachestheotherenditisfirstchangedintoelectricalsignalswhichareinturnconvertedintosoundmessages. CalledlightwavecommunicationthenewsystemwasusedsuccessfullyinanexperimentinChicagoin1997.Duringtheexperimenttwoglassfiberswereabletocarry672conversationsatthesametime.Thelightwavecablecontaining144glassfibershasthecapacitytocarry50000conversationsatthesametime. Thelightwavecommunicationsystemhastwoimportantadvantages.Firsttheglassfibercablesaresmallerandweighlessthancopper.Secondtheycostless. Perhapsitcanbesaidthattelephonecommunicationhasenteredtheageoflight. Beforeyoucanhearamessageonthetelephoneusingthenewsystem
Apieceofwritinggivinginstructionshasmuchincommonwiththeexplanationofaprocess36itisaddressedtoadifferentreaderand37adifferentpurpose.Thereaderissomeonewhomaybeexpectedto38theprocessandthepurposeistoenable39toperformitproperlyratherthan40tounderstandit.Inonesenseoftheworld41seemtomeanthesamething42orders;butthereisadifferencebetweenorderingapersonto43somethingandtellinghim44todosomething.Thetwopossibilitiesarenotmutually相互地exclusiveand45maybecalledforonsomeoccasions.46ourcontexthowevergivinginstructionsmeansgiving47ratherthangivingorders48suchinformationmaysometimesbeexpressedintheimperative命令地49. Intechnicalwriting50instructionsisusuallya51oftellinghowtoperformsomephysicalprocesssuchasassemblingusinginspecting52repairingequipmentperformingatestordoingsomejobinalaboratory.Suchinstructionsaregiven53manufacturerstodealers商人whosellandservicetheirproductsandtoconsumerswhousethem;they54thebulkofthecontentsoflaboratorymanuals;theyareproducedintheformofinstructionmanualsasaresultof55laborbythemultimillion-dollarindustriesthatservethearmedforces. 48
Theshower______overwecontinuedtomarch.
Everyone______tomakeaproposal.
Whitesurfacesdonot______muchheatorlight.
Apieceofwritinggivinginstructionshasmuchincommonwiththeexplanationofaprocess36itisaddressedtoadifferentreaderand37adifferentpurpose.Thereaderissomeonewhomaybeexpectedto38theprocessandthepurposeistoenable39toperformitproperlyratherthan40tounderstandit.Inonesenseoftheworld41seemtomeanthesamething42orders;butthereisadifferencebetweenorderingapersonto43somethingandtellinghim44todosomething.Thetwopossibilitiesarenotmutually相互地exclusiveand45maybecalledforonsomeoccasions.46ourcontexthowevergivinginstructionsmeansgiving47ratherthangivingorders48suchinformationmaysometimesbeexpressedintheimperative命令地49. Intechnicalwriting50instructionsisusuallya51oftellinghowtoperformsomephysicalprocesssuchasassemblingusinginspecting52repairingequipmentperformingatestordoingsomejobinalaboratory.Suchinstructionsaregiven53manufacturerstodealers商人whosellandservicetheirproductsandtoconsumerswhousethem;they54thebulkofthecontentsoflaboratorymanuals;theyareproducedintheformofinstructionmanualsasaresultof55laborbythemultimillion-dollarindustriesthatservethearmedforces. 44
PassageTwo Americanhaslongbeenconsideredthelandofopportunitybythosefromothercountries.AmericanstoobelievethattheUnitedStatesprovidesalmostlimifiessopportunityforthosewhowanttoopenbusinessesontheirown. TodayAmericansarestillfondoftryingtheirhandatbecomingsmallbusinesspeopleeventhoughonlyoneoutoftwosurvivesthefirsttwoyears.Manyofthesepeoplestarttheirbusinessesforthewrongreasons:togetawayfromthepaperworkoftheirpresentjobsortoexchangetheresponsibilityoftheirpresentjobsforfreerlifestyles.Butmorenotlesspaperworkandresponsibilitycomewithownershipofasmallbusiness.JohnShuttleworthowneroftherecentlysuccessfullife-ecologynewsmagazineMotherEarthreportshavinghadtoworksixtyhoursstraightinordertobringoutthefirstissue. JohnShuttleworthwaitedyearsafterconceivingtheideaforMotherEarthbeforeheattemptedtoputoutthefirstissue.Duringthattimehecollectedasmuchinformationashecouldabouthisproposedventure.Heborrowedbooksaboutbusinessfromthelibrary;hetalkedtopeoplealreadyestablishedinthefield;andhebeganplanningindetailtheamountofmoneyandthekindsandnumbersofsupplieshewouldneed.Whenhefinallyopenedwithacapitalof$1500hesetuphisofficeinthekitchenofhishomeandhisprintingpressinthegarage.DuetohisdevotiontobusinesshismanagerialskillandhistalentMotherEarthnowhasacirculationof300000: NotallsmallbusinesssucceedaswellasMotherEarthhas.Fiftypercentofthe450000thatstartintheUnitedStateseveryyearfail.Stillninety-fivepercentbusinessesintheStatescanbedescribedassmall.CombinedthesebusinessesaccountforfortypercentofAmerica’sgrossnationalproduct. Thispassageismainlyabout
Apieceofwritinggivinginstructionshasmuchincommonwiththeexplanationofaprocess36itisaddressedtoadifferentreaderand37adifferentpurpose.Thereaderissomeonewhomaybeexpectedto38theprocessandthepurposeistoenable39toperformitproperlyratherthan40tounderstandit.Inonesenseoftheworld41seemtomeanthesamething42orders;butthereisadifferencebetweenorderingapersonto43somethingandtellinghim44todosomething.Thetwopossibilitiesarenotmutually相互地exclusiveand45maybecalledforonsomeoccasions.46ourcontexthowevergivinginstructionsmeansgiving47ratherthangivingorders48suchinformationmaysometimesbeexpressedintheimperative命令地49. Intechnicalwriting50instructionsisusuallya51oftellinghowtoperformsomephysicalprocesssuchasassemblingusinginspecting52repairingequipmentperformingatestordoingsomejobinalaboratory.Suchinstructionsaregiven53manufacturerstodealers商人whosellandservicetheirproductsandtoconsumerswhousethem;they54thebulkofthecontentsoflaboratorymanuals;theyareproducedintheformofinstructionmanualsasaresultof55laborbythemultimillion-dollarindustriesthatservethearmedforces. 36
PassageFour WhathasthetelephonedonetousorforusinthehundredyearsofitsexistenceAfeweffectssuggestthemselvesatonce.Ithassavedlivesbygettingrapidwordofillnessinjuryorfirefromremoteplaces.Byjoiningwiththeelevatortomakepossiblethemulti-storyresidenceorofficebuildingithasmadepossible--forbetterorworse--themoderncity.Bybringingaboutagreatleapinthespeedandspacewithwhichinformationmovesfromplacetoplaceithasgreatlyacceleratedtherateofscientificandtechnologicalchangesandgrowthinindustry.Beyonddoubtithasseriouslyweakenedifnotkilledtheancientartofletterwriting.Ithasmadelivingalonepossibleforpersonwithnormalsocialimpulses;bydoingsoithasplayedaroleinoneofthegreatestsocialchangesofthiscenturythebreakingupofthemulti-generationalhousehold.Ithasmadethewarchillinglymoreefficientthanformerly.Perhapsthoughnotprovable可证实ithaspreventedwarsthatmighthavearisenoutofinternationalmisunderstandingcausedbywrittencommunication.Orperhaps--againnotprovable--bymagnifyingandextendingirrationalpersonalconflictsbasedonvoicecontactitimpartiallydisseminates传播theusefulknowledgeofscientistsandthenonsenseoftheignoranttheaffectionoftheaffectionateandthemalice恶意ofthemalicious. Whatisthemainideaofthispassage
Ifwewanttowintheconfidenceofpeopleweshould______theirfeelingsandinterests
Apieceofwritinggivinginstructionshasmuchincommonwiththeexplanationofaprocess36itisaddressedtoadifferentreaderand37adifferentpurpose.Thereaderissomeonewhomaybeexpectedto38theprocessandthepurposeistoenable39toperformitproperlyratherthan40tounderstandit.Inonesenseoftheworld41seemtomeanthesamething42orders;butthereisadifferencebetweenorderingapersonto43somethingandtellinghim44todosomething.Thetwopossibilitiesarenotmutually相互地exclusiveand45maybecalledforonsomeoccasions.46ourcontexthowevergivinginstructionsmeansgiving47ratherthangivingorders48suchinformationmaysometimesbeexpressedintheimperative命令地49. Intechnicalwriting50instructionsisusuallya51oftellinghowtoperformsomephysicalprocesssuchasassemblingusinginspecting52repairingequipmentperformingatestordoingsomejobinalaboratory.Suchinstructionsaregiven53manufacturerstodealers商人whosellandservicetheirproductsandtoconsumerswhousethem;they54thebulkofthecontentsoflaboratorymanuals;theyareproducedintheformofinstructionmanualsasaresultof55laborbythemultimillion-dollarindustriesthatservethearmedforces. 42
Apieceofwritinggivinginstructionshasmuchincommonwiththeexplanationofaprocess36itisaddressedtoadifferentreaderand37adifferentpurpose.Thereaderissomeonewhomaybeexpectedto38theprocessandthepurposeistoenable39toperformitproperlyratherthan40tounderstandit.Inonesenseoftheworld41seemtomeanthesamething42orders;butthereisadifferencebetweenorderingapersonto43somethingandtellinghim44todosomething.Thetwopossibilitiesarenotmutually相互地exclusiveand45maybecalledforonsomeoccasions.46ourcontexthowevergivinginstructionsmeansgiving47ratherthangivingorders48suchinformationmaysometimesbeexpressedintheimperative命令地49. Intechnicalwriting50instructionsisusuallya51oftellinghowtoperformsomephysicalprocesssuchasassemblingusinginspecting52repairingequipmentperformingatestordoingsomejobinalaboratory.Suchinstructionsaregiven53manufacturerstodealers商人whosellandservicetheirproductsandtoconsumerswhousethem;they54thebulkofthecontentsoflaboratorymanuals;theyareproducedintheformofinstructionmanualsasaresultof55laborbythemultimillion-dollarindustriesthatservethearmedforces. 50
Theswimmingpoolis______construction.
Apieceofwritinggivinginstructionshasmuchincommonwiththeexplanationofaprocess36itisaddressedtoadifferentreaderand37adifferentpurpose.Thereaderissomeonewhomaybeexpectedto38theprocessandthepurposeistoenable39toperformitproperlyratherthan40tounderstandit.Inonesenseoftheworld41seemtomeanthesamething42orders;butthereisadifferencebetweenorderingapersonto43somethingandtellinghim44todosomething.Thetwopossibilitiesarenotmutually相互地exclusiveand45maybecalledforonsomeoccasions.46ourcontexthowevergivinginstructionsmeansgiving47ratherthangivingorders48suchinformationmaysometimesbeexpressedintheimperative命令地49. Intechnicalwriting50instructionsisusuallya51oftellinghowtoperformsomephysicalprocesssuchasassemblingusinginspecting52repairingequipmentperformingatestordoingsomejobinalaboratory.Suchinstructionsaregiven53manufacturerstodealers商人whosellandservicetheirproductsandtoconsumerswhousethem;they54thebulkofthecontentsoflaboratorymanuals;theyareproducedintheformofinstructionmanualsasaresultof55laborbythemultimillion-dollarindustriesthatservethearmedforces. 38
PassageOne Themakingofglassisaveryoldindustry--atleast4500yearsold.Glasshasmanyextraordinaryqualitiesanditisfrequentlybeingusedinnewways. Oneofthemostinterestingnewusesforglassisintelephonecommunication.Scientistshavedevelopedglassfibersasthinashumanhairwhicharedesignedtocan-ylightsignals.Whenthelightreachestheotherenditisfirstchangedintoelectricalsignalswhichareinturnconvertedintosoundmessages. CalledlightwavecommunicationthenewsystemwasusedsuccessfullyinanexperimentinChicagoin1997.Duringtheexperimenttwoglassfiberswereabletocarry672conversationsatthesametime.Thelightwavecablecontaining144glassfibershasthecapacitytocarry50000conversationsatthesametime. Thelightwavecommunicationsystemhastwoimportantadvantages.Firsttheglassfibercablesaresmallerandweighlessthancopper.Secondtheycostless. Perhapsitcanbesaidthattelephonecommunicationhasenteredtheageoflight. Accordingtothepassagethenewtelephonecommunicationsystem
Apieceofwritinggivinginstructionshasmuchincommonwiththeexplanationofaprocess36itisaddressedtoadifferentreaderand37adifferentpurpose.Thereaderissomeonewhomaybeexpectedto38theprocessandthepurposeistoenable39toperformitproperlyratherthan40tounderstandit.Inonesenseoftheworld41seemtomeanthesamething42orders;butthereisadifferencebetweenorderingapersonto43somethingandtellinghim44todosomething.Thetwopossibilitiesarenotmutually相互地exclusiveand45maybecalledforonsomeoccasions.46ourcontexthowevergivinginstructionsmeansgiving47ratherthangivingorders48suchinformationmaysometimesbeexpressedintheimperative命令地49. Intechnicalwriting50instructionsisusuallya51oftellinghowtoperformsomephysicalprocesssuchasassemblingusinginspecting52repairingequipmentperformingatestordoingsomejobinalaboratory.Suchinstructionsaregiven53manufacturerstodealers商人whosellandservicetheirproductsandtoconsumerswhousethem;they54thebulkofthecontentsoflaboratorymanuals;theyareproducedintheformofinstructionmanualsasaresultof55laborbythemultimillion-dollarindustriesthatservethearmedforces. 54
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