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编敕作为一种重要的法律形式形成于
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宋朝最经常最重要的立法活动称为
编敕
编例
刑统
律例
不属于宋朝法律形式的是
条法式类
B.编敕
编例
律例
不属于宋朝法律形式的是
条法事类
编敕
编例
律例
法律答问作为一种法律形式始于
下列关于古代中国法律形式的说法哪个不正确
商鞅变法时改法为律，扩充法律内容
魏晋南北朝时期法律形式发生了比较大的变化，形成了律、令、科、比、格、式相互为用的立法格局
魏晋南北朝时期的“格”起着补充“律”的作用，带有刑事法律性质，与隋唐时期的“格”相同
编敕是宋代一项重要和频繁的立法活动，神宗时还设有专门编敕的机构“编敕所”
宋代神宗朝在中央设置编敕所其目的是
作为司法审查机关
解决积案问题
确保当事人的申诉权利
进行编敕
法律答问作为一种法律形式始于
汉朝
战国
秦朝
春秋
在这些基本形态中再加以粗细浓淡长短虚实肌理等不同变化便可形成复杂多 变的视觉语言线在版式设计中的作用
合规风险是法律风险的一种重要表现形式
下列有关宋代编敕活动的说法正确的是
《宋刑统》是编敕活动的产物
敕的效力高于律，成为断案的依据
从宋太祖的编敕活动开始，大凡新皇帝登极或改元，均要进行编敕
敕主要是关于犯罪与刑罚方面的规定
__________是宋代最重要最经常的一种立法活动
《宋刑统》
编敕
编例
编令
合规风险就是法律风险的一种重要表现形式
要形成文件通常以设计计划的形式编制并作为设计管理和控制的重要文件
设计案例
精编案例
设计策划
策划蓝图
宋朝的法律形式有
编例
格
编敕
条法事类
元代法律形式中的断例相当于唐宋法中的
律
令、格、式
编敕
编例
将则例作为国家一种重要法律形式的朝代是
宋朝
元朝
明朝
清朝
关于法律与道德的表现形式下列表述错误的是
法律的内容是明确的, 道德一般没有特定的表现形式
法律和道德作为一种行为规范， 都是成文的, 通常都有文字作为载体
法律是由国家制定或认可的一种行为规范
道德是社会认可和人们普通接受的行为规范
目前我国已形成了相对完备的知识产权保护的法律体系对软件形成一种综合性的法律保护如源程序和设计文
《著作权法》
《合同法》
《专利法》
《反不正当竞争法》
宋代最终完成了编敕的刑法化使编敕成为一部新刑法的是
《建隆编敕》
《咸平编敕》
《淳化编敕》
《嘉祐编敕》
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CanadiansliketothinkthatalthoughtheyarethejuniorpartnerintheirtraderelationswiththeUnitedStatesthe174billionbarrelsofprovenreservesintheoilsandsofAlbertaprovideapowerfulaceuptheirsleeveinanydealingswiththeirenergy-hungryneighbor.ThatbeliefhasnowbeenshakenbyanAmericanlawthatappearstoprohibitAmericangovernmentagenciesfrombuyingcrudeproducedintheoilsandsofthewesternprovince. 41.______.Butthatistheeffectofbanningfederalagenciesfrombuyingalternativeorsyntheticfuelincludingthatfromnon-conventionalsourcesiftheirproductionanduseresultinmoregreenhousegasesthanconventionaloil.TransformingAlberta’starrymuckintoabarrelofoilisanenergy-intensiveprocessthatproducesaboutthreetimestheemissionsofabarrelofconventionallightsweetcrude. HavingwokenbelatedlytothedangertheCanadiangovernmentisnowscramblingtosecureanexception.MichaelWilsonCanada’sambassadorinWashingtonhaswrittentoAmerica’ssecretaryofdefenseRobertGateswhosedepartmentisabigpurchaserofCanadianoilstressingAmericandependenceonCanadianoilelectricitynaturalgasanduraniumimportsandnotingthatsomeofthebiggestplayersintheAlbertaoilpatchareAmericancompanies.Mr.WilsonaddedplaintivelythatbothGeorgeBushandhisenergysecretarySamuelBodmanhavepubliclywelcomedexpandedoil-sandsproductiongiventheincreasedcontributiontoAmericanenergysecurity.42.______. ThefearinCanadaisthattheAmericanpurchasingrestrictionwhichatpresentappliesonlytofederalagenciesisthestartofawholesaleshifttogreeneraswellasmoreprotectionistpoliciesunderaCongressandpotentiallyaWhiteHousecontrolledbytheDemocrats.43.______. YetenvironmentalistspointoutthatCanadaisnowpayingforitsownfoot-draggingatthefederallevelongreeninitiatives.HavingsignedtheKyotoagreementunderapreviousLiberalgovernmentCanadadidlittletostopitsemissionsrising.Theyarenowalmost35%abovetheKyototarget.AndalthoughMr.BairdlikestodescribehisplanastoughitwillnotbringCanadaintolinewithKyoto.44.______. ThevaguenessoftheproposedfederalrulesdidnotstopthepremierofAlbertaEdStelmachfromgivingadefiantwarningthathewillstandupfortheinterestsofAlbertansreadoilindustryandwillbeexaminingtheconstitutiontoensurethatthefederalgovernment’sproposedplandoesnotintrudeonprovincialjurisdiction.HisprovincehasoneoftheweakestenvironmentalregimesinCanada. 45.______.ButevenifadealisreachedwiththeoutgoingBushadministrationanyexceptionforCanadamaybeshort-livedifgreeningDemocratstaketheWhiteHouseinNovember. [A]Since1999CanadahasbeenthelargestsupplierofU.S.crudeandrefinedoilimports.In2007Canadiancrudeoilandpetroleumproductsrepresented18%ofU.S.crudeoilimportsatnearly2.5millionbarrelsperday.From2005to2007thevolumeofCanadiancrudeoilexportstotheUnitedStatesincreasedby7.4%peryear. [B]JohnBairdtheCanadianenvironmentministerreferredthisweektotheAmericanmovewhenheunveilednewproposalstoreduceindustrialemissionsinCanadaincludingtheoilsandsby20%by2020. BigstateslikeCaliforniaweremakingsimilarpronouncementshetoldreporters.Theoilsandswereanimportantnationalresourcebuthadtobeexpandedinanenvironmentallyfriendlyway. [C]AsCanada’srepresentativeinWashingtonMr.WilsonisthepointmanonCanada’slobbyingeffortseithertokilltheBuyAmericanclauseortogetaspecialexemptionforCanada. [D]TheEnergyIndependenceandSecurityAct2007didnotsetouttodiscriminateagainstCanadaAmerica’sbiggestsupplierofoil. [E]WithenergyexportsmainlyfromAlbertadrivingtheCanadianeconomythisisnotahappythoughtforCanadians. [F]AlthoughtheCanadianembassysaysthattherehasbeennoofficialresponsetoMr.Wilson’slettertherearereportsoftalksgoingoninWashingtonaimedataddressingCanada’sconcerns. [G]Therulesfortheoilsandsnowthefastestgrowingsourceofgreenhousegaseshaveyettobefinalizedandwillnotcomeintoforceuntil2010.Furthermoretheyrelyoncarboncaptureapromisingbutunproventechnology. 42
Text4 HereisaquickwaytospoilaBrussels dinnerparty.Simplysuggestthatworldgovernanceisslippingawayfromthe G20G7G8orotherbodiesinwhichEuropeansmayhoguptohalftheseats. ThenproposewithgloomyrelishthatthefuturebelongstotheG2:newly fashionablejargonforaputativebodyformedbyChinaandAmerica. ThefearofirrelevancehauntsEuro-typesforalltheirpublicboasting aboutEurope’sfuturemight.ThethoughtthattheEuropeanUnionmightnot greatlyinterestChinaisespeciallypainful.Afterallthe21stcenturywas meanttobedifferent.IndeedtoearlierleaderslikeFrance’sJacquesChirac arisingChinawaswelcomeasanotherchallengetoAmericanhegemonyushering inamultipolarworldinwhichtheEUwouldplayabigrole.Ifthatmeant kow-towingtoChinesedemandstoshunTaiwansnubtheDalaiLamaortonedown criticismofhuman-rightsabusessobeit.MostEUcountriesfocusedon commercialdiplomacywithChinatoensurethattheirleaders’visitscouldend withflashingcamerasandthesigningofjuicycontracts. MeanwhileEurope’stradedeficitwithChinahitnearly∈170billion$ 250billionlastyear.InfiveyearsChinawants60%ofcarpartsinnew Chinesevehiclestobelocallymade.ThisisalarmingnewsforGermanythe leadingEuropeanexportertoChinathankstocarpartsmachinetoolsandother widgets.AseverEuropeansdisagreeoverhowtorespond.Some arewillingtochallengeChinapolitically—forexampleGermanyBritain SwedenandtheNetherlands.Buttheyaremostlyfreetraders.Thatmakesthem hostilewhenothercountriescallforprotectionagainstallegedChinese cheating.IncontrastablockofmostlysouthernandcentralEuropeansdubbed accommodatingmercantilistsbytheECFRTheEuropeanCouncilonForeign Relationsarequicktocallforanti-dumpingmeasures:Butthatmakesthem anxioustokeepbroaderrelationssweetbybowingtoChinaonpolitical issues.TheresultisthatEuropeanpoliticiansoftenfind themselvesdefendingunconditionalengagementwithChina.Theusualclaimis thatthiswillslowlytransformthecountryintoafreermoreresponsible stakeholderintheworld.ThesecretitismurmuredistoletEuropeweave Chinaintoanentanglingwebofagreementsandsectoraldialogues.In2007no fewerthan450EuropeandelegationsvisitedChina.BigcountrieslikeFranceand BritainaddtheirownbilateraldialoguesnottrustingtheEUtoprotecttheir interestsordothejobproperly.TherearenowsixparallelEUandnational dialogueswithChinaonclimatechangefor example.WhatisEuropeanfearofirrelevance
Text1 Everynewbornbabyisdealtahandof cardswhichhelpstodeterminehowlongheorshewillbeallowedtoplaythe gameoflife.Goodcardswillhelpthosewhohavethemtohavealongand healthyexistencewhilebadcardswillbringtothosewhohavethemterrible diseaseslikehighbloodpressureandheartdisease.Occasionallycardsare dealtoutthatdoomtheirholderstoanearlydeath.Inthepastpeoplenever knewexactlywhichcardstheyhadbeendealt.Theycouldguessatthefuture onlybylookingatthekindofhealthproblemsexperiencedbytheirparentsor grandparents.Genetictestingwhichmakesitpossibletofind dangerousgeneshaschangedallthis.Butuntilrecentlyifyouweretested positiveforabadgeneyouwerenotobligedtorevealthistoanyoneelse exceptinafewextremecircumstances.ThismonthhoweverBritainbecamethe firstcountryintheworldtoallowlifeinsurerstoaskfortest results.Sofarapprovalhasbeengivenonlyforatestfora fatalbraindisorderknownasHuntington’sdisease.Buttenothertestsfor sevendiseasesarealreadyinuseandareawaitingsimilarapproval. TheindependentbodythatgivesapprovaltheDepartmentofHealth’s geneticsandinsurancecommitteedoesnothavetodecidewhethertheuseof geneticinformationininsuranceisethical.Itmustjudgeonlywhetherthe testsarereliabletoinsurers.InthecaseofHuntington’sdiseasetheanswer isclear-cut.Peopleunluckyenoughtohavethisgenewilldieearlyandcost lifeinsurersdearly.Thisisonlythestart.Clear-cutgenetic answerswhereageneissimplyanddirectlyrelatedtoaperson’sriskof deathareuncommon.Moreusuallyagroupofgenesisassociatedwiththerisk ofdevelopingacommondiseasedependentonthepresenceofothergeneticor environmentalfactors.Butastestsimproveitwillbecomepossibletopredict whetherornotaparticularindividualisatrisk.Inthenextfewyears researcherswilldiscovermoreandmoreaboutthefunctionsofindividualgenes andwhathealthrisks—orbenefits—areassociatedwith them.Thefunctionofgenetictestingis
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnosetreatandstopthespreadofanewdeadlydisease.SARS—SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome—was1forthefirsttimeinFebruary2003inHanoi2sincethenhasinfectedmorethan1600peoplein15countrieskilling63.Atthis3therearemorequestionsthananswerssurroundingthedisease. Symptomsstart4afeverover100.4degreesFchillsheadacheorbody5.Withinaweekthepatienthasadrycoughwhichmight6toshortnessofbreath.In10%to200%ofcasespatientsrequire7ventilationtobreathe.About3.5%diefromthedisease.Symptoms8beginintwotosevendaysbutsomereportssuggestit9takeaslongas10days.Scientistsarecloseto10alabtesttodiagnoseSARS.Inthemeantimeitisdiagnosedbyitssymptoms.Thereisnoevidence11antibioticsoranti-viralmedicineshelp12doctorscanofferonlysupportivecare.PatientswithSARSarekeptinisolationtoreducetheriskof13.Scientistsaren’tsureyetbutsomeresearchersthinkit’sa14discoveredcoronavirusthefamilyofvirusesthatcausesomecommoncolds. Mostcasesappeartohavebeenpassed15dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze.Familymembersofinfectedpeopleandmedicalworkerswhocareforthemhavebeenmostlikelyto16theillness.ButrecentdevelopmentsinHongKongsuggestthatthe17mightspreadthroughairorthatthevirusmight18fortwotothreehoursondoorknobsorother19Healthexpertssayitis20thoughthatsharinganelevatorbrieflywithaninfectedpersonwouldbeenoughtopassthevirus. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.2
Text1 Everynewbornbabyisdealtahandof cardswhichhelpstodeterminehowlongheorshewillbeallowedtoplaythe gameoflife.Goodcardswillhelpthosewhohavethemtohavealongand healthyexistencewhilebadcardswillbringtothosewhohavethemterrible diseaseslikehighbloodpressureandheartdisease.Occasionallycardsare dealtoutthatdoomtheirholderstoanearlydeath.Inthepastpeoplenever knewexactlywhichcardstheyhadbeendealt.Theycouldguessatthefuture onlybylookingatthekindofhealthproblemsexperiencedbytheirparentsor grandparents.Genetictestingwhichmakesitpossibletofind dangerousgeneshaschangedallthis.Butuntilrecentlyifyouweretested positiveforabadgeneyouwerenotobligedtorevealthistoanyoneelse exceptinafewextremecircumstances.ThismonthhoweverBritainbecamethe firstcountryintheworldtoallowlifeinsurerstoaskfortest results.Sofarapprovalhasbeengivenonlyforatestfora fatalbraindisorderknownasHuntington’sdisease.Buttenothertestsfor sevendiseasesarealreadyinuseandareawaitingsimilarapproval. TheindependentbodythatgivesapprovaltheDepartmentofHealth’s geneticsandinsurancecommitteedoesnothavetodecidewhethertheuseof geneticinformationininsuranceisethical.Itmustjudgeonlywhetherthe testsarereliabletoinsurers.InthecaseofHuntington’sdiseasetheanswer isclear-cut.Peopleunluckyenoughtohavethisgenewilldieearlyandcost lifeinsurersdearly.Thisisonlythestart.Clear-cutgenetic answerswhereageneissimplyanddirectlyrelatedtoaperson’sriskof deathareuncommon.Moreusuallyagroupofgenesisassociatedwiththerisk ofdevelopingacommondiseasedependentonthepresenceofothergeneticor environmentalfactors.Butastestsimproveitwillbecomepossibletopredict whetherornotaparticularindividualisatrisk.Inthenextfewyears researcherswilldiscovermoreandmoreaboutthefunctionsofindividualgenes andwhathealthrisks—orbenefits—areassociatedwith them.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnosetreatandstopthespreadofanewdeadlydisease.SARS—SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome—was1forthefirsttimeinFebruary2003inHanoi2sincethenhasinfectedmorethan1600peoplein15countrieskilling63.Atthis3therearemorequestionsthananswerssurroundingthedisease. Symptomsstart4afeverover100.4degreesFchillsheadacheorbody5.Withinaweekthepatienthasadrycoughwhichmight6toshortnessofbreath.In10%to200%ofcasespatientsrequire7ventilationtobreathe.About3.5%diefromthedisease.Symptoms8beginintwotosevendaysbutsomereportssuggestit9takeaslongas10days.Scientistsarecloseto10alabtesttodiagnoseSARS.Inthemeantimeitisdiagnosedbyitssymptoms.Thereisnoevidence11antibioticsoranti-viralmedicineshelp12doctorscanofferonlysupportivecare.PatientswithSARSarekeptinisolationtoreducetheriskof13.Scientistsaren’tsureyetbutsomeresearchersthinkit’sa14discoveredcoronavirusthefamilyofvirusesthatcausesomecommoncolds. Mostcasesappeartohavebeenpassed15dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze.Familymembersofinfectedpeopleandmedicalworkerswhocareforthemhavebeenmostlikelyto16theillness.ButrecentdevelopmentsinHongKongsuggestthatthe17mightspreadthroughairorthatthevirusmight18fortwotothreehoursondoorknobsorother19Healthexpertssayitis20thoughthatsharinganelevatorbrieflywithaninfectedpersonwouldbeenoughtopassthevirus. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.16
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnosetreatandstopthespreadofanewdeadlydisease.SARS—SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome—was1forthefirsttimeinFebruary2003inHanoi2sincethenhasinfectedmorethan1600peoplein15countrieskilling63.Atthis3therearemorequestionsthananswerssurroundingthedisease. Symptomsstart4afeverover100.4degreesFchillsheadacheorbody5.Withinaweekthepatienthasadrycoughwhichmight6toshortnessofbreath.In10%to200%ofcasespatientsrequire7ventilationtobreathe.About3.5%diefromthedisease.Symptoms8beginintwotosevendaysbutsomereportssuggestit9takeaslongas10days.Scientistsarecloseto10alabtesttodiagnoseSARS.Inthemeantimeitisdiagnosedbyitssymptoms.Thereisnoevidence11antibioticsoranti-viralmedicineshelp12doctorscanofferonlysupportivecare.PatientswithSARSarekeptinisolationtoreducetheriskof13.Scientistsaren’tsureyetbutsomeresearchersthinkit’sa14discoveredcoronavirusthefamilyofvirusesthatcausesomecommoncolds. Mostcasesappeartohavebeenpassed15dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze.Familymembersofinfectedpeopleandmedicalworkerswhocareforthemhavebeenmostlikelyto16theillness.ButrecentdevelopmentsinHongKongsuggestthatthe17mightspreadthroughairorthatthevirusmight18fortwotothreehoursondoorknobsorother19Healthexpertssayitis20thoughthatsharinganelevatorbrieflywithaninfectedpersonwouldbeenoughtopassthevirus. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.8
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnosetreatandstopthespreadofanewdeadlydisease.SARS—SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome—was1forthefirsttimeinFebruary2003inHanoi2sincethenhasinfectedmorethan1600peoplein15countrieskilling63.Atthis3therearemorequestionsthananswerssurroundingthedisease. Symptomsstart4afeverover100.4degreesFchillsheadacheorbody5.Withinaweekthepatienthasadrycoughwhichmight6toshortnessofbreath.In10%to200%ofcasespatientsrequire7ventilationtobreathe.About3.5%diefromthedisease.Symptoms8beginintwotosevendaysbutsomereportssuggestit9takeaslongas10days.Scientistsarecloseto10alabtesttodiagnoseSARS.Inthemeantimeitisdiagnosedbyitssymptoms.Thereisnoevidence11antibioticsoranti-viralmedicineshelp12doctorscanofferonlysupportivecare.PatientswithSARSarekeptinisolationtoreducetheriskof13.Scientistsaren’tsureyetbutsomeresearchersthinkit’sa14discoveredcoronavirusthefamilyofvirusesthatcausesomecommoncolds. Mostcasesappeartohavebeenpassed15dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze.Familymembersofinfectedpeopleandmedicalworkerswhocareforthemhavebeenmostlikelyto16theillness.ButrecentdevelopmentsinHongKongsuggestthatthe17mightspreadthroughairorthatthevirusmight18fortwotothreehoursondoorknobsorother19Healthexpertssayitis20thoughthatsharinganelevatorbrieflywithaninfectedpersonwouldbeenoughtopassthevirus. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.14
Text2 Goodteachersmatter.Thismayseem obvioustoanyonewhohasachildinschoolorforthatmattertoanyonewho hasbeenachildinschool.Foralongtimethoughresearcherscouldn’t actuallyprovethatteachingtalentwasimportant.Butnewresearchfinally showsthatteacherqualityisaclosecousintostudentachievement:Agreat teachercancramone-and-a-halfgrades’worthoflearningintoasingleyear whilelaggardsareluckytoaccomplishhalfthatmuch.Yet whileweknownowthatbetterteachersarecriticalflawsinthewaythat administratorsselectandretainthemmeanthatschoolsdon’talwayshirethe best.Failingtorecognizethequalitiesthatmaketeachers trulyeffectiveandtoconstructincentivestoattractandretainmoreofthese topperformershasseriousconsequences.Highersalariesdrawmoreweakaswell asstrongapplicantsintoteaching—applicantsthecurrenthiringsystemcan’t adequatelyscreen.Unlessadministratorshaveincentivestohirethebest teachersavailableit’spointlesstogivethemalargergrouptochoosefrom. Studyafterstudyhasshownthatteacherswithmaster’sdegreesarenobetter thanthosewithout.Jobexperiencedoesmatterbutonlyforthefirstfew yearsaccordingtoresearchbyHooverInstitution’sEricA.Hanushek.Ateacher with15yearsofexperienceisnomoreeffectiveonaveragethanateacher withfiveyearsofexperiencebutwhichonedoyouthinkispaid moreThistoxiccombinationofrigidpayandsteeprewardsfor senioritycausesaveragequalitytodeclineratherthanincreaseasteacher groupsgetolder.Topperformersoftenleavethefieldearlyforindustriesthat rewardtheirexcellence.Mediocreteachersontheotherhandaresoon overcompensatedbysenioritypay.Andbecausetheyarepaidmorethantheir skillscommandelsewheretheseless-capablepedagoguessettleintoprovide manyyears-ofineffectualinstruction.Sohowcanweseparate thewheatfromthechaffintheteachingprofessionTomakeAmericanschools competitivewemustrethinksenioritypaythevalueofmaster’sdegreesand thenotionthatateachercanteacheverythingequallywell—especiallymath andscience—withoutappropriatepreparationinthesubject. Ourcurrenteducationsystemisunlikelytoaccomplishthisdramatic rethinking.ImagineforamomentthatAmericancarshadbeenfreeinrecent decadeswhileToyotasandHondassoldatfullprice.We’dprobablybedriving FalconsandCorvairstoday.Freepubliceducationsuffersfromalackof competitioninjustthisway.Sowhileindustriesfromaerospacetodrugshave transformedthemselvesinordertocompetepublicschoolinghas stagnated.Schoolchoicecouldsparkthekindofreformation thisindustryneedsbymotivatingadministratorstohirethebestandadoptnew strategiestokeeptopteachersintheclassroom.Thelessonthatgoodteachers mattershouldbetaughtnotasatheorybutasa practice.Theexpressionseparatethewheatfromthechaffintheteachingprofessionisclosestinmeaningto
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnosetreatandstopthespreadofanewdeadlydisease.SARS—SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome—was1forthefirsttimeinFebruary2003inHanoi2sincethenhasinfectedmorethan1600peoplein15countrieskilling63.Atthis3therearemorequestionsthananswerssurroundingthedisease. Symptomsstart4afeverover100.4degreesFchillsheadacheorbody5.Withinaweekthepatienthasadrycoughwhichmight6toshortnessofbreath.In10%to200%ofcasespatientsrequire7ventilationtobreathe.About3.5%diefromthedisease.Symptoms8beginintwotosevendaysbutsomereportssuggestit9takeaslongas10days.Scientistsarecloseto10alabtesttodiagnoseSARS.Inthemeantimeitisdiagnosedbyitssymptoms.Thereisnoevidence11antibioticsoranti-viralmedicineshelp12doctorscanofferonlysupportivecare.PatientswithSARSarekeptinisolationtoreducetheriskof13.Scientistsaren’tsureyetbutsomeresearchersthinkit’sa14discoveredcoronavirusthefamilyofvirusesthatcausesomecommoncolds. Mostcasesappeartohavebeenpassed15dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze.Familymembersofinfectedpeopleandmedicalworkerswhocareforthemhavebeenmostlikelyto16theillness.ButrecentdevelopmentsinHongKongsuggestthatthe17mightspreadthroughairorthatthevirusmight18fortwotothreehoursondoorknobsorother19Healthexpertssayitis20thoughthatsharinganelevatorbrieflywithaninfectedpersonwouldbeenoughtopassthevirus. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.18
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnosetreatandstopthespreadofanewdeadlydisease.SARS—SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome—was1forthefirsttimeinFebruary2003inHanoi2sincethenhasinfectedmorethan1600peoplein15countrieskilling63.Atthis3therearemorequestionsthananswerssurroundingthedisease. Symptomsstart4afeverover100.4degreesFchillsheadacheorbody5.Withinaweekthepatienthasadrycoughwhichmight6toshortnessofbreath.In10%to200%ofcasespatientsrequire7ventilationtobreathe.About3.5%diefromthedisease.Symptoms8beginintwotosevendaysbutsomereportssuggestit9takeaslongas10days.Scientistsarecloseto10alabtesttodiagnoseSARS.Inthemeantimeitisdiagnosedbyitssymptoms.Thereisnoevidence11antibioticsoranti-viralmedicineshelp12doctorscanofferonlysupportivecare.PatientswithSARSarekeptinisolationtoreducetheriskof13.Scientistsaren’tsureyetbutsomeresearchersthinkit’sa14discoveredcoronavirusthefamilyofvirusesthatcausesomecommoncolds. Mostcasesappeartohavebeenpassed15dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze.Familymembersofinfectedpeopleandmedicalworkerswhocareforthemhavebeenmostlikelyto16theillness.ButrecentdevelopmentsinHongKongsuggestthatthe17mightspreadthroughairorthatthevirusmight18fortwotothreehoursondoorknobsorother19Healthexpertssayitis20thoughthatsharinganelevatorbrieflywithaninfectedpersonwouldbeenoughtopassthevirus. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.20
Text2 Goodteachersmatter.Thismayseem obvioustoanyonewhohasachildinschoolorforthatmattertoanyonewho hasbeenachildinschool.Foralongtimethoughresearcherscouldn’t actuallyprovethatteachingtalentwasimportant.Butnewresearchfinally showsthatteacherqualityisaclosecousintostudentachievement:Agreat teachercancramone-and-a-halfgrades’worthoflearningintoasingleyear whilelaggardsareluckytoaccomplishhalfthatmuch.Yet whileweknownowthatbetterteachersarecriticalflawsinthewaythat administratorsselectandretainthemmeanthatschoolsdon’talwayshirethe best.Failingtorecognizethequalitiesthatmaketeachers trulyeffectiveandtoconstructincentivestoattractandretainmoreofthese topperformershasseriousconsequences.Highersalariesdrawmoreweakaswell asstrongapplicantsintoteaching—applicantsthecurrenthiringsystemcan’t adequatelyscreen.Unlessadministratorshaveincentivestohirethebest teachersavailableit’spointlesstogivethemalargergrouptochoosefrom. Studyafterstudyhasshownthatteacherswithmaster’sdegreesarenobetter thanthosewithout.Jobexperiencedoesmatterbutonlyforthefirstfew yearsaccordingtoresearchbyHooverInstitution’sEricA.Hanushek.Ateacher with15yearsofexperienceisnomoreeffectiveonaveragethanateacher withfiveyearsofexperiencebutwhichonedoyouthinkispaid moreThistoxiccombinationofrigidpayandsteeprewardsfor senioritycausesaveragequalitytodeclineratherthanincreaseasteacher groupsgetolder.Topperformersoftenleavethefieldearlyforindustriesthat rewardtheirexcellence.Mediocreteachersontheotherhandaresoon overcompensatedbysenioritypay.Andbecausetheyarepaidmorethantheir skillscommandelsewheretheseless-capablepedagoguessettleintoprovide manyyears-ofineffectualinstruction.Sohowcanweseparate thewheatfromthechaffintheteachingprofessionTomakeAmericanschools competitivewemustrethinksenioritypaythevalueofmaster’sdegreesand thenotionthatateachercanteacheverythingequallywell—especiallymath andscience—withoutappropriatepreparationinthesubject. Ourcurrenteducationsystemisunlikelytoaccomplishthisdramatic rethinking.ImagineforamomentthatAmericancarshadbeenfreeinrecent decadeswhileToyotasandHondassoldatfullprice.We’dprobablybedriving FalconsandCorvairstoday.Freepubliceducationsuffersfromalackof competitioninjustthisway.Sowhileindustriesfromaerospacetodrugshave transformedthemselvesinordertocompetepublicschoolinghas stagnated.Schoolchoicecouldsparkthekindofreformation thisindustryneedsbymotivatingadministratorstohirethebestandadoptnew strategiestokeeptopteachersintheclassroom.Thelessonthatgoodteachers mattershouldbetaughtnotasatheorybutasa practice.ThebeginningsentenceGoodteachersmatter.probablymeansthat
Text4 HereisaquickwaytospoilaBrussels dinnerparty.Simplysuggestthatworldgovernanceisslippingawayfromthe G20G7G8orotherbodiesinwhichEuropeansmayhoguptohalftheseats. ThenproposewithgloomyrelishthatthefuturebelongstotheG2:newly fashionablejargonforaputativebodyformedbyChinaandAmerica. ThefearofirrelevancehauntsEuro-typesforalltheirpublicboasting aboutEurope’sfuturemight.ThethoughtthattheEuropeanUnionmightnot greatlyinterestChinaisespeciallypainful.Afterallthe21stcenturywas meanttobedifferent.IndeedtoearlierleaderslikeFrance’sJacquesChirac arisingChinawaswelcomeasanotherchallengetoAmericanhegemonyushering inamultipolarworldinwhichtheEUwouldplayabigrole.Ifthatmeant kow-towingtoChinesedemandstoshunTaiwansnubtheDalaiLamaortonedown criticismofhuman-rightsabusessobeit.MostEUcountriesfocusedon commercialdiplomacywithChinatoensurethattheirleaders’visitscouldend withflashingcamerasandthesigningofjuicycontracts. MeanwhileEurope’stradedeficitwithChinahitnearly∈170billion$ 250billionlastyear.InfiveyearsChinawants60%ofcarpartsinnew Chinesevehiclestobelocallymade.ThisisalarmingnewsforGermanythe leadingEuropeanexportertoChinathankstocarpartsmachinetoolsandother widgets.AseverEuropeansdisagreeoverhowtorespond.Some arewillingtochallengeChinapolitically—forexampleGermanyBritain SwedenandtheNetherlands.Buttheyaremostlyfreetraders.Thatmakesthem hostilewhenothercountriescallforprotectionagainstallegedChinese cheating.IncontrastablockofmostlysouthernandcentralEuropeansdubbed accommodatingmercantilistsbytheECFRTheEuropeanCouncilonForeign Relationsarequicktocallforanti-dumpingmeasures:Butthatmakesthem anxioustokeepbroaderrelationssweetbybowingtoChinaonpolitical issues.TheresultisthatEuropeanpoliticiansoftenfind themselvesdefendingunconditionalengagementwithChina.Theusualclaimis thatthiswillslowlytransformthecountryintoafreermoreresponsible stakeholderintheworld.ThesecretitismurmuredistoletEuropeweave Chinaintoanentanglingwebofagreementsandsectoraldialogues.In2007no fewerthan450EuropeandelegationsvisitedChina.BigcountrieslikeFranceand BritainaddtheirownbilateraldialoguesnottrustingtheEUtoprotecttheir interestsordothejobproperly.TherearenowsixparallelEUandnational dialogueswithChinaonclimatechangefor example.Thelastsentenceofthepassagesuggeststhat
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnosetreatandstopthespreadofanewdeadlydisease.SARS—SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome—was1forthefirsttimeinFebruary2003inHanoi2sincethenhasinfectedmorethan1600peoplein15countrieskilling63.Atthis3therearemorequestionsthananswerssurroundingthedisease. Symptomsstart4afeverover100.4degreesFchillsheadacheorbody5.Withinaweekthepatienthasadrycoughwhichmight6toshortnessofbreath.In10%to200%ofcasespatientsrequire7ventilationtobreathe.About3.5%diefromthedisease.Symptoms8beginintwotosevendaysbutsomereportssuggestit9takeaslongas10days.Scientistsarecloseto10alabtesttodiagnoseSARS.Inthemeantimeitisdiagnosedbyitssymptoms.Thereisnoevidence11antibioticsoranti-viralmedicineshelp12doctorscanofferonlysupportivecare.PatientswithSARSarekeptinisolationtoreducetheriskof13.Scientistsaren’tsureyetbutsomeresearchersthinkit’sa14discoveredcoronavirusthefamilyofvirusesthatcausesomecommoncolds. Mostcasesappeartohavebeenpassed15dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze.Familymembersofinfectedpeopleandmedicalworkerswhocareforthemhavebeenmostlikelyto16theillness.ButrecentdevelopmentsinHongKongsuggestthatthe17mightspreadthroughairorthatthevirusmight18fortwotothreehoursondoorknobsorother19Healthexpertssayitis20thoughthatsharinganelevatorbrieflywithaninfectedpersonwouldbeenoughtopassthevirus. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10
Text3 Tounderstandhowastrologyworkswe shouldfirsttakeaquicklookatthesky.Althoughthestarsareatenormous distancestheydoindeedgivetheimpressionofbeingaffixedtotheinner surfaceofagreathollowspheresurroundingtheearth.Ancientpeopleinfact literallybelievedintheexistenceofsuchacelestialsphere.Astheearth spinsonitsaxisthecelestialsphereappearstoturnaboutuseachday pivotingatpointsonalinewiththeearth’saxisofrotation.Thisdaily turningofthespherecarriesthestarsaroundtheskycausingmostofthemto riseandsetbuttheyandconstellationstheydefinemaintainfixedpatterns onthespherejustasthecontinentofAustraliamaintainsitsshapeona spinningglobeoftheearth.Thusthestarswerecalledfixedstars. Themotionofthesunalongtheeclipticisofcoursemerelya reflectionoftherevolutionoftheeartharoundthesunbuttheancients believedtheearthwasfixedandthesunhadanindependentmotionofitsown eastwardamongthestars.Theglareofsunlighthidesthestarsindaytimebut theancientswereawarethatthestarswereupthereevenatnightandtheslow eastwardmotionofthesunaroundtheskyattherateofaboutthirtydegrees eachmonthcauseddifferentstarstobevisibleatnightatdifferenttimesof theyear.Themoonrevolvingaroundtheeartheachmonthalso hasanindependentmotioninthesky.Themoonhoweverchangesitposition relativelyrapidly.AlthoughitappearstoriseandSeteachdayasdoesnearly everythingelseintheskywecanseethemoonchangingpositionduringas shortanintervalasanhourorso.Themoon’spatharoundtheearthliesnearly inthesameplaneastheearth’spatharoundthesunsothemoonisneverseen veryfarfromtheeclipticinthesky.Therearefiveotherobjectsvisibleto thenakedeyethatalsoappeartomoveinrespecttothefixedbackgroundof starsonthecelestialsphere.ThesearetheplanetsMercuryVenusMars JupiterandSaturn.Allofthemrevolvearoundthesuninnearlythesameplane astheearthdoes.Sotheylikethemoonalwaysappearneartheecliptic. Becauseweseetheplanetsfromthemovingearthhowevertheybehaveina complicatedwaywiththeirapparentmotionsonthecelestialspherereflecting boththeirownindependentmotionsaroundthesunandourmotionas well.Accordingtothelastparagraphfiveotherplanets
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnosetreatandstopthespreadofanewdeadlydisease.SARS—SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome—was1forthefirsttimeinFebruary2003inHanoi2sincethenhasinfectedmorethan1600peoplein15countrieskilling63.Atthis3therearemorequestionsthananswerssurroundingthedisease. Symptomsstart4afeverover100.4degreesFchillsheadacheorbody5.Withinaweekthepatienthasadrycoughwhichmight6toshortnessofbreath.In10%to200%ofcasespatientsrequire7ventilationtobreathe.About3.5%diefromthedisease.Symptoms8beginintwotosevendaysbutsomereportssuggestit9takeaslongas10days.Scientistsarecloseto10alabtesttodiagnoseSARS.Inthemeantimeitisdiagnosedbyitssymptoms.Thereisnoevidence11antibioticsoranti-viralmedicineshelp12doctorscanofferonlysupportivecare.PatientswithSARSarekeptinisolationtoreducetheriskof13.Scientistsaren’tsureyetbutsomeresearchersthinkit’sa14discoveredcoronavirusthefamilyofvirusesthatcausesomecommoncolds. Mostcasesappeartohavebeenpassed15dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze.Familymembersofinfectedpeopleandmedicalworkerswhocareforthemhavebeenmostlikelyto16theillness.ButrecentdevelopmentsinHongKongsuggestthatthe17mightspreadthroughairorthatthevirusmight18fortwotothreehoursondoorknobsorother19Healthexpertssayitis20thoughthatsharinganelevatorbrieflywithaninfectedpersonwouldbeenoughtopassthevirus. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.12
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnosetreatandstopthespreadofanewdeadlydisease.SARS—SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome—was1forthefirsttimeinFebruary2003inHanoi2sincethenhasinfectedmorethan1600peoplein15countrieskilling63.Atthis3therearemorequestionsthananswerssurroundingthedisease. Symptomsstart4afeverover100.4degreesFchillsheadacheorbody5.Withinaweekthepatienthasadrycoughwhichmight6toshortnessofbreath.In10%to200%ofcasespatientsrequire7ventilationtobreathe.About3.5%diefromthedisease.Symptoms8beginintwotosevendaysbutsomereportssuggestit9takeaslongas10days.Scientistsarecloseto10alabtesttodiagnoseSARS.Inthemeantimeitisdiagnosedbyitssymptoms.Thereisnoevidence11antibioticsoranti-viralmedicineshelp12doctorscanofferonlysupportivecare.PatientswithSARSarekeptinisolationtoreducetheriskof13.Scientistsaren’tsureyetbutsomeresearchersthinkit’sa14discoveredcoronavirusthefamilyofvirusesthatcausesomecommoncolds. Mostcasesappeartohavebeenpassed15dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze.Familymembersofinfectedpeopleandmedicalworkerswhocareforthemhavebeenmostlikelyto16theillness.ButrecentdevelopmentsinHongKongsuggestthatthe17mightspreadthroughairorthatthevirusmight18fortwotothreehoursondoorknobsorother19Healthexpertssayitis20thoughthatsharinganelevatorbrieflywithaninfectedpersonwouldbeenoughtopassthevirus. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.4
Text3 Tounderstandhowastrologyworkswe shouldfirsttakeaquicklookatthesky.Althoughthestarsareatenormous distancestheydoindeedgivetheimpressionofbeingaffixedtotheinner surfaceofagreathollowspheresurroundingtheearth.Ancientpeopleinfact literallybelievedintheexistenceofsuchacelestialsphere.Astheearth spinsonitsaxisthecelestialsphereappearstoturnaboutuseachday pivotingatpointsonalinewiththeearth’saxisofrotation.Thisdaily turningofthespherecarriesthestarsaroundtheskycausingmostofthemto riseandsetbuttheyandconstellationstheydefinemaintainfixedpatterns onthespherejustasthecontinentofAustraliamaintainsitsshapeona spinningglobeoftheearth.Thusthestarswerecalledfixedstars. Themotionofthesunalongtheeclipticisofcoursemerelya reflectionoftherevolutionoftheeartharoundthesunbuttheancients believedtheearthwasfixedandthesunhadanindependentmotionofitsown eastwardamongthestars.Theglareofsunlighthidesthestarsindaytimebut theancientswereawarethatthestarswereupthereevenatnightandtheslow eastwardmotionofthesunaroundtheskyattherateofaboutthirtydegrees eachmonthcauseddifferentstarstobevisibleatnightatdifferenttimesof theyear.Themoonrevolvingaroundtheeartheachmonthalso hasanindependentmotioninthesky.Themoonhoweverchangesitposition relativelyrapidly.AlthoughitappearstoriseandSeteachdayasdoesnearly everythingelseintheskywecanseethemoonchangingpositionduringas shortanintervalasanhourorso.Themoon’spatharoundtheearthliesnearly inthesameplaneastheearth’spatharoundthesunsothemoonisneverseen veryfarfromtheeclipticinthesky.Therearefiveotherobjectsvisibleto thenakedeyethatalsoappeartomoveinrespecttothefixedbackgroundof starsonthecelestialsphere.ThesearetheplanetsMercuryVenusMars JupiterandSaturn.Allofthemrevolvearoundthesuninnearlythesameplane astheearthdoes.Sotheylikethemoonalwaysappearneartheecliptic. Becauseweseetheplanetsfromthemovingearthhowevertheybehaveina complicatedwaywiththeirapparentmotionsonthecelestialspherereflecting boththeirownindependentmotionsaroundthesunandourmotionas well.Itwasstatedinastrologythat
Text4 HereisaquickwaytospoilaBrussels dinnerparty.Simplysuggestthatworldgovernanceisslippingawayfromthe G20G7G8orotherbodiesinwhichEuropeansmayhoguptohalftheseats. ThenproposewithgloomyrelishthatthefuturebelongstotheG2:newly fashionablejargonforaputativebodyformedbyChinaandAmerica. ThefearofirrelevancehauntsEuro-typesforalltheirpublicboasting aboutEurope’sfuturemight.ThethoughtthattheEuropeanUnionmightnot greatlyinterestChinaisespeciallypainful.Afterallthe21stcenturywas meanttobedifferent.IndeedtoearlierleaderslikeFrance’sJacquesChirac arisingChinawaswelcomeasanotherchallengetoAmericanhegemonyushering inamultipolarworldinwhichtheEUwouldplayabigrole.Ifthatmeant kow-towingtoChinesedemandstoshunTaiwansnubtheDalaiLamaortonedown criticismofhuman-rightsabusessobeit.MostEUcountriesfocusedon commercialdiplomacywithChinatoensurethattheirleaders’visitscouldend withflashingcamerasandthesigningofjuicycontracts. MeanwhileEurope’stradedeficitwithChinahitnearly∈170billion$ 250billionlastyear.InfiveyearsChinawants60%ofcarpartsinnew Chinesevehiclestobelocallymade.ThisisalarmingnewsforGermanythe leadingEuropeanexportertoChinathankstocarpartsmachinetoolsandother widgets.AseverEuropeansdisagreeoverhowtorespond.Some arewillingtochallengeChinapolitically—forexampleGermanyBritain SwedenandtheNetherlands.Buttheyaremostlyfreetraders.Thatmakesthem hostilewhenothercountriescallforprotectionagainstallegedChinese cheating.IncontrastablockofmostlysouthernandcentralEuropeansdubbed accommodatingmercantilistsbytheECFRTheEuropeanCouncilonForeign Relationsarequicktocallforanti-dumpingmeasures:Butthatmakesthem anxioustokeepbroaderrelationssweetbybowingtoChinaonpolitical issues.TheresultisthatEuropeanpoliticiansoftenfind themselvesdefendingunconditionalengagementwithChina.Theusualclaimis thatthiswillslowlytransformthecountryintoafreermoreresponsible stakeholderintheworld.ThesecretitismurmuredistoletEuropeweave Chinaintoanentanglingwebofagreementsandsectoraldialogues.In2007no fewerthan450EuropeandelegationsvisitedChina.BigcountrieslikeFranceand BritainaddtheirownbilateraldialoguesnottrustingtheEUtoprotecttheir interestsordothejobproperly.TherearenowsixparallelEUandnational dialogueswithChinaonclimatechangefor example.TodealwiththetradedeficitwithChinaEuropeans
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnosetreatandstopthespreadofanewdeadlydisease.SARS—SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome—was1forthefirsttimeinFebruary2003inHanoi2sincethenhasinfectedmorethan1600peoplein15countrieskilling63.Atthis3therearemorequestionsthananswerssurroundingthedisease. Symptomsstart4afeverover100.4degreesFchillsheadacheorbody5.Withinaweekthepatienthasadrycoughwhichmight6toshortnessofbreath.In10%to200%ofcasespatientsrequire7ventilationtobreathe.About3.5%diefromthedisease.Symptoms8beginintwotosevendaysbutsomereportssuggestit9takeaslongas10days.Scientistsarecloseto10alabtesttodiagnoseSARS.Inthemeantimeitisdiagnosedbyitssymptoms.Thereisnoevidence11antibioticsoranti-viralmedicineshelp12doctorscanofferonlysupportivecare.PatientswithSARSarekeptinisolationtoreducetheriskof13.Scientistsaren’tsureyetbutsomeresearchersthinkit’sa14discoveredcoronavirusthefamilyofvirusesthatcausesomecommoncolds. Mostcasesappeartohavebeenpassed15dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze.Familymembersofinfectedpeopleandmedicalworkerswhocareforthemhavebeenmostlikelyto16theillness.ButrecentdevelopmentsinHongKongsuggestthatthe17mightspreadthroughairorthatthevirusmight18fortwotothreehoursondoorknobsorother19Healthexpertssayitis20thoughthatsharinganelevatorbrieflywithaninfectedpersonwouldbeenoughtopassthevirus. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.6
Text2 Goodteachersmatter.Thismayseem obvioustoanyonewhohasachildinschoolorforthatmattertoanyonewho hasbeenachildinschool.Foralongtimethoughresearcherscouldn’t actuallyprovethatteachingtalentwasimportant.Butnewresearchfinally showsthatteacherqualityisaclosecousintostudentachievement:Agreat teachercancramone-and-a-halfgrades’worthoflearningintoasingleyear whilelaggardsareluckytoaccomplishhalfthatmuch.Yet whileweknownowthatbetterteachersarecriticalflawsinthewaythat administratorsselectandretainthemmeanthatschoolsdon’talwayshirethe best.Failingtorecognizethequalitiesthatmaketeachers trulyeffectiveandtoconstructincentivestoattractandretainmoreofthese topperformershasseriousconsequences.Highersalariesdrawmoreweakaswell asstrongapplicantsintoteaching—applicantsthecurrenthiringsystemcan’t adequatelyscreen.Unlessadministratorshaveincentivestohirethebest teachersavailableit’spointlesstogivethemalargergrouptochoosefrom. Studyafterstudyhasshownthatteacherswithmaster’sdegreesarenobetter thanthosewithout.Jobexperiencedoesmatterbutonlyforthefirstfew yearsaccordingtoresearchbyHooverInstitution’sEricA.Hanushek.Ateacher with15yearsofexperienceisnomoreeffectiveonaveragethanateacher withfiveyearsofexperiencebutwhichonedoyouthinkispaid moreThistoxiccombinationofrigidpayandsteeprewardsfor senioritycausesaveragequalitytodeclineratherthanincreaseasteacher groupsgetolder.Topperformersoftenleavethefieldearlyforindustriesthat rewardtheirexcellence.Mediocreteachersontheotherhandaresoon overcompensatedbysenioritypay.Andbecausetheyarepaidmorethantheir skillscommandelsewheretheseless-capablepedagoguessettleintoprovide manyyears-ofineffectualinstruction.Sohowcanweseparate thewheatfromthechaffintheteachingprofessionTomakeAmericanschools competitivewemustrethinksenioritypaythevalueofmaster’sdegreesand thenotionthatateachercanteacheverythingequallywell—especiallymath andscience—withoutappropriatepreparationinthesubject. Ourcurrenteducationsystemisunlikelytoaccomplishthisdramatic rethinking.ImagineforamomentthatAmericancarshadbeenfreeinrecent decadeswhileToyotasandHondassoldatfullprice.We’dprobablybedriving FalconsandCorvairstoday.Freepubliceducationsuffersfromalackof competitioninjustthisway.Sowhileindustriesfromaerospacetodrugshave transformedthemselvesinordertocompetepublicschoolinghas stagnated.Schoolchoicecouldsparkthekindofreformation thisindustryneedsbymotivatingadministratorstohirethebestandadoptnew strategiestokeeptopteachersintheclassroom.Thelessonthatgoodteachers mattershouldbetaughtnotasatheorybutasa practice.Accordingtothetextwhichofthefollowingistrue
Directions: Youarepreparingtoaskforsomehelpfromyourteacherwritealetterthat: 1detailwhatyouwanthimorshedoesforyou 2expressyourthankstoyourteacher Youshouldwriteabouti00wordsonANSWERSHEETII.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.
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