首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置：
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
One of your best friends, Mary, moved to another city a few days ago. Write a keep-in- touch letter ...
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
国家统考科目《问答》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
AreJackandMaryyourfriends?________.
Yes, they are
They are
Yes, they' re
They aren't
Everyoneneedsfriends.ThereisanoldsayingFriendsareG
阅读理解FindandkeepyourfriendshipEveryoneofusrichorpoo
Peterwantedtoknowwhyhedidn’thavemanyfriends.Therea
AfterquarellingwithherbestfriendsMaryhasgotherself
where
which
that
why
阅读理解FindandkeepyourfriendshipEveryoneofusrichorpoo
—Whosingsbestinyourclass?—Mary_____.
is
does
do
sing
FindandkeepyourfriendshipEveryoneofusrichorpoorsho
--Marywillyouinviteyourfriendstoyourbirthdayparty?
given away
taken away
worked out
sent out
Wealllongforfriendshipbuthowtomakeafriend?Thebestt
Everyoneofusrichorpoorshouldatleasthaveoneortwogoo
—Marywillyouinviteyourfriendstoyourbirthdayparty?—
given away
taken away
worked out
sent out
阅读短文判断下列句子是否符合短文内容符合的写T.不符合的写F.Findandkeepyourfrie
Ihavealways______Mary______oneofmybestfriends.
regard ... as
regard ... for
regarded ... as
regarded... for
---AreTonyandMaryyourfriends?---___________.
They are
Yes, they are
No, they not
They aren’t
-Whosingsbestinyourclass?-Mary____.
is
will
does
do
阅读短文捕捉信息根据短文内容完成后文句子FriendshipDayisaperfectchancet
AfterquarellingwithherbestfriendsMaryhasgotherself
where
which
that
why
阅读理解DearLucyThankyouforyourlaste-mail.Youtoldmeabo
HowtoBeaGreatBestFriendEveryonewantstobeagreatbest
热门试题
更多
ByanystandardmoneymanagerMalcolmGissenhashadacomplicatedrelationshipwithriskoverthepastcoupleofyears.Afterlosing62percentin2008theEncompassFundwhichGissenco-managesgainedastaggering137percentlastyearcementingitsreputationasoneofthemorevolatilefundsintheindustry.Mostmutualfundmanagerstendtoinvestformediocreresults.TheirgoalistoperforminlinewiththeirbenchmarksaysGissenwhosereturns--forbetterorworsen-havebeenanythingbutmediocre.Encompassisoneofasmallgroupoffundsthathaveago-anywheremandatemeaningtheycaninvestinessentiallyanytypeofsecurityandGissenwieldsthatpowerfreely.Latelastyearforinstancehisfundhadabout20percentofitsassetsingold-relatedinvestments.DespiteallthatGissen’sattitudetowardriskissurprisinglystraightforward:Wedon’tlikeriskhevolunteers.Thisofcoursebegsthequestion:WhatexactlyconstitutesariskyportfolioWhenpeoplethinkaboutrisk..theythink’What’sgoingtobethenextAIGorthenextEnron’saysChrisKonstantinosaportfolioriskmanageratRiverfrontInvestmentGroupaVirginia-basedadvisoryfirm.That’sareallyimportantriskbutit’snottheentiresideoftheriskequation.It’sjustonepiece.Latelythemarkethasshonealightonanentirelydifferenttypeofriskonethat’sfarmoreparadoxicalanddifficulttograsp.SometimesthebiggestriskyoucanhaveinyourportfolioisnothavingenoughrisksaysKonstantinos.AndcertainlysinceMarchof2009that’sclearlybeenthecase.Advocatesofthisphilosophypointtotwomainscenarios.Inoneatraditionallysafeassetclassfallsoffpullingtherugoutfromunderneathinvestorswhowereoverexposedtoit.That’swhatmanyanalystsexpectwillhappentobondinvestorsonceinterestratesstartcreepingup.Intheotherariskytypeofinvestmenttakesoffleavingthosewhodon’townitbehindinacloudofdust.That’swhatoccurredwhenconsumerdiscretionarystockssurgedduringlastyear’srebound.Inbothscenariostheadvantagegoestoinvestorswithportfoliosthataretraditionallyseenasrisky.Thechallengeofcourseisachievingtherightbalance.Manyinvestorscan’tstomachtheswingsassociatedwithfundslikeGissen’sbutthere’smiddlegroundtobefound.Therightwaytolookatriskistolookatitfromaportfolioconstructionperspectivewhichmeansthatinahighlydiversifiedportfoliothere’sroomforwhat’sperceivedasriskykindsofinvestmentssaysKonstantinos.Mostmanagerstendtoinvestportfoliothat______.
Directions:AfreshmanJeanwhoisyourfriendwantstogetsomeadvicefromyouabouthowtoliveameaningfullifeinuniversity.Youshouldwritealettertohertoofferyoursuggestions.Intheletteryoushould1giveyouradvicetoherand2encourageherinherfuturestudy.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyournameattheendoftheletter.UseLiMinginstead.Donotwritetheaddress.
JamesShapirofollowshisaward-winningbookonWilliamShakespeare1599whichcameoutin2005withanunlikelysubject:aninvestigationintotheoldchestnutthatShakespearewasn’tthemanwhowrotetheworks.MostmainstreamShakespeareansstandalooffromit.ButapparentlytheclaimsofFrancisBaconEdwarddeVereandChristopherMarloweamongothersareontherise.46AnappetiteforconspiracytheoriescombinedwithacallforbalancefromsomesectorsofacademeandtheriseoftheInternethasgiventhethingnewlife.Respectableaudiencesturnuptolistentolecturesonit.Thecontroversyiseventaughtatuniversitylevel.Whatdifferencedoesitmakewhowrotetheplayssomeoneaskedtheauthorwearily.Mr.ShapiroforwhomShakespearewasdefinitelythemanthinksitmattersalotandbytheendofthisbookhisreaderswillthinksotoo.Theauthorshipcontroversyturnsontwothings.snobberyandtheassumptionthatinaliteralwayyouarewhatyouwrite.Howcouldanuntutoreduntravelledglover’ssonfromhickvilletheargumentgoesunderstandkingsandcourtiersaffairsofstatephilosophylawmusic-letalonethenobleartoffalconry47Worsestillhowcouldthebusiness-mindedproperty-owningmoneylendingmaterialistthatemergesfromthedocumentaryscrapsbethesamemanasthepoetoftheplaysMr.Shapiroteasesoutthecuhuralprejudicesthehistoricalblindspotsandabovealltheanachronisminherentinthesequestions.Noonebeforethelate18thcenturyhadeveraskedthemorthoughttoreadtheplaysorsonnetsforbiographicalinsights.Noonehadevenbotheredtoworkoutachronologyforthem.48Theideathatworksofliteratureholdpersonalcluesorthat--moregrandly--writingisanexpressionandexplorationoftheselfisarelativelyrecentphenomenon.ContestedWillisdensewithlivesandstoriesandargument.Itisalsoentertaining.Thequestforthetrueclaimantdrovepeoplemad.49Herearesecretsandcodesanelaboratecipher-breakingmachineanobsessionwithgravesandcrazyadventurestofindlostmanuscripts.OnemanspentmonthsdredgingtheRiverSevern.Mr.Shapirohimselfturnssleuthexposingasfraudulentapieceofevidencelongthoughttobegenuine-onemorehoaxinthelonghistoryofShakespeareanwildgoosechases.50TheShakespearethatemergesisbothsimpleandmysterious:amanofthetheatrewhoreadobservedlistenedandremembered.BeyondthatisimaginationInessencethat’swhatthebookisabout.
HomepricesslidinNovemberraisingquestionsaboutwhetherthehousingrecoveryisrobustenoughtomaintainasustainedturnaround.FromOctobertoNovemberhomepricesfell0.2%after10.1%inOctoberaccordingtoareportTuesdaybyStandard&Poor’s/Case-Shiller’shomepriceindex.2fiveofthe20metroareas3bytheindexsawpriceincreasesforthemonth.Onan4basispriceswere5.3%lowerinNovemberthaninNovember2008.Priceswerethesameasinlate2003.Whatwe’veseen5thepastcoupleofmonthsisthatthepaceof6hasfallendownsaysMaureenMaitlandofStandard&Poor’s.Somemarketshave7Isthatbecausewehaven’t8theforeclosure回赎权的取消cycleBecauseofunemploymentWe’renotseeingthe9wewereseeinginthelastsummermonths.Metroareasthathaveseenaretreatinhomeprices10SeattleCharlotteLasVegasandTampa.Allfour11gainstheymadeinrecentmonths12.13forthe20-metroindextheannualrateofdeclineisimproving.That14withotherrecenthousingreportsthatshowprices15oracceleratingcouldpointto16thehousingmarketisstartingto17itsfootingsomeeconomistssay.Existinghomesalepriceswere$178300inDecemberwhichis1.5%higherthanDecember2008accordingtoareportthisweekbytheNationalAssociationofRealtors.Thatwasthefirstyear-over-year18inmedianpricesinceAugust2007.Themost19thingwecansayisnotonlythemarketisstabilizingbutwe’veseenthathousingdemandisstrongsaysBernardBaumohlwiththeEconomicOutlookGroup.Housingprobablywillcontinuetoclimbupwardsthroughthesummer20itcouldslipalittleasthetaxcreditexpires./
Aspeopleageandneedmorehelpwithdailyactivitiessuchasbathingortakingmedicationmovingtoafacilitythatprovidessomeassistancewithoutsacrificingindependencemaybeanoption.Thistypeofenvironmentknownasassistedlivinghasemergedinthepasttwodecadesasanincreasinglyavailableoptionforhousingandlong-termcare.Thegrowthofassistedlivingfacilitieshasleveledoffinrecentyearshoweverastheeconomicdownturnhamperednewconstructionandoccupancyrates.In2007therewereapproximately38000assistedlivingfacilitiesnationwideservingabout975000residents.TheoverwhelmingmajorityofassistedlivingresidentsintheUnitedStatesarefemaleaccordingtotheNationalCenterforAssistedLiving.OneofthemostcommontypesoffacilitiesthatprovideassistedlivingarecalledcontinuingcareretirementcommunitieswhichofferastepwiseapproachtocaresaysKerryPeckanelderlawattorneybasedinChicago.TheconceptisyouageinplacemeaningyouneverhavetoleavethegroundsforhousinghesaysYoubuyanapartmentorcottageandthenasyourhealthdeclinesthefacilityagreestoprovidecontinuingcare.Someofthemostsuccessfulcentershaveindependentlivingthenassistedlivingthenanursinghomeforacutecare.Butmuchlikedecidingwhetheranursinghomeisnecessarythedecisiontomoveintoanassistedlivingfacilityisnotaneasyone.SowhatfactorsshouldyouconsiderwhenlookingforaplacetomovetoMainlyyoushouldthinkaboutwhatactivitiesyouoryourlovedoneneedhelpwith.Peopleresidinginassistedlivingfacilitiesmayneedassistancewithanynumberofdailyactivitiessuchasbathingdressingusingthebathroomcookingoreating.About87percentofresidentsneedhelppreparingmealsforexampleand81percentneedhelpwithmanagingortakingtheirmedicationsreportstheNCAL.Mostresidentscomefromlivinginprivatehomesorapartments;fewercomefromlivingwithadultchildrenorotherfamilymembersfromnursinghomefacilitiesretirementorindependentlivingcommunitiesoranotherassistedlivingorgrouphome.Forsomepeoplehoweverassistedlivingmaynotbeanoptionmostlyforfinancialreasons.Assistedlivingfacilitiescostanaverageof$34000annuallyin2009comparedtoabout$74000peryearforanursinghomeaccordingtoresearchpublishedinJanuaryinHealthAffairs.Howthisexpenseispaidvaries.Residentscanbuyintoafacilitybypayingalargeupfrontsumofmoneyfollowedbysmallermonthlyassessmentfees.Oriftheresidentoptsforafacilitywherehecanrentinsteadhewouldpaymonthlyforthecostofhousingandcare.Thefacilitiesarealsomostlylocatedinareaswherehomevaluesarehigherandpeoplenearbyhavehigherincomes.Whatiscontinuingcareretirementcommunities
Itdoesn’ttakeanEinsteintorecognizethatAlbertEinstein’sbrainwasverydifferentfromyoursandmine.46Thegraymatterhousedinsidethatshaggyheadmanagedtorevolutionizeourconceptsoftimespacemotion--theveryfoundationsofphysicalreality--notjustoncebutseveraltimesduringhisastonishingcareer.YetwhilethereclearlyhadtobesomethingremarkableaboutEinstein’sbrainthepathologistwhoremoveditfromthegreatphysicist’sskullafterhisdeathreportedthattheorganwastoallappearanceswellwithinthenormalrange-nobiggerorheavierthananyoneelse’s.ButanewanalysisofEinstein’sbrainbyCanadianscientistsreportedinthecurrentLancetrevealsthatithassomedistinctivephysicalcharacteristicsafterall.47Aportionofthebrainthatgovernsmathematicalabilityandspatialreasoning--twokeyingredientstothesortofthinkingEinsteindidbest--wassignificantlylargerthanaverageandmayalsohavehadmoreinterconnectionsamongitscellswhichcouldhaveallowedthemtoworktogethermoreeffectively.In1996HarveygavemuchofhisdataandasignificantfractionofthetissueitselftoDr.SandraWitelsonaneuroscientistwhomaintainsabrainbankatMcMasterforcomparativestudiesofbrainstructureandfunction.48ThesenormalundiseasedbrainswilledtosciencebypeoplewhoseintelligencehadbeencarefullymeasuredbeforedeathgaveWitelsonasolidsetofbenchmarksagainstwhichtomeasuretheseatofEinstein’sbrilliantthoughts.NotonlywasEinstein’sinferiorparietalregionunusuallybulkythescientistsfoundbutafeaturecalledtheSylvianfissurewasmuchsmallerthanaverage.49Withoutthisgroovethatnormallyslicesthroughthetissuethebraincellswerepackedclosetogetherpermittingmoreinterconnections--whichinprinciplecanpermitmorecross-referencingofinformationandideas--leadingtogreatleapsofinsight.That’stheideaanyway.Butwhileit’squiteplausibleaccordingtocurrentneurologicaltheorythatdoesn’tnecessarilymakeittrue.WeknowEinsteinwasageniusandwenowknowthathisbrainwasphysicallydifferentfromtheaverage.Butnoneofthisprovesacause-and-effectrelationship.WhatyoureallyneedsaysMcLean’sBenesistolookatthebrainsofanumberofmathematicalgeniusestoseeifthesameabnormalitiesarepresent.50Eveniftheyareit’spossiblethatthebulked-upbrainsarearesultofstrenuousmentalexercisenotaninherentfeaturethatmakesgeniuspossible.Bottomline:westilldon’tknowwhetherEinsteinwasbornwithanextraordinarymindorwhetherheearneditonebrilliantideaatatime.
HomepricesslidinNovemberraisingquestionsaboutwhetherthehousingrecoveryisrobustenoughtomaintainasustainedturnaround.FromOctobertoNovemberhomepricesfell0.2%after10.1%inOctoberaccordingtoareportTuesdaybyStandard&Poor’s/Case-Shiller’shomepriceindex.2fiveofthe20metroareas3bytheindexsawpriceincreasesforthemonth.Onan4basispriceswere5.3%lowerinNovemberthaninNovember2008.Priceswerethesameasinlate2003.Whatwe’veseen5thepastcoupleofmonthsisthatthepaceof6hasfallendownsaysMaureenMaitlandofStandard&Poor’s.Somemarketshave7Isthatbecausewehaven’t8theforeclosure回赎权的取消cycleBecauseofunemploymentWe’renotseeingthe9wewereseeinginthelastsummermonths.Metroareasthathaveseenaretreatinhomeprices10SeattleCharlotteLasVegasandTampa.Allfour11gainstheymadeinrecentmonths12.13forthe20-metroindextheannualrateofdeclineisimproving.That14withotherrecenthousingreportsthatshowprices15oracceleratingcouldpointto16thehousingmarketisstartingto17itsfootingsomeeconomistssay.Existinghomesalepriceswere$178300inDecemberwhichis1.5%higherthanDecember2008accordingtoareportthisweekbytheNationalAssociationofRealtors.Thatwasthefirstyear-over-year18inmedianpricesinceAugust2007.Themost19thingwecansayisnotonlythemarketisstabilizingbutwe’veseenthathousingdemandisstrongsaysBernardBaumohlwiththeEconomicOutlookGroup.Housingprobablywillcontinuetoclimbupwardsthroughthesummer20itcouldslipalittleasthetaxcreditexpires./
HomepricesslidinNovemberraisingquestionsaboutwhetherthehousingrecoveryisrobustenoughtomaintainasustainedturnaround.FromOctobertoNovemberhomepricesfell0.2%after10.1%inOctoberaccordingtoareportTuesdaybyStandard&Poor’s/Case-Shiller’shomepriceindex.2fiveofthe20metroareas3bytheindexsawpriceincreasesforthemonth.Onan4basispriceswere5.3%lowerinNovemberthaninNovember2008.Priceswerethesameasinlate2003.Whatwe’veseen5thepastcoupleofmonthsisthatthepaceof6hasfallendownsaysMaureenMaitlandofStandard&Poor’s.Somemarketshave7Isthatbecausewehaven’t8theforeclosure回赎权的取消cycleBecauseofunemploymentWe’renotseeingthe9wewereseeinginthelastsummermonths.Metroareasthathaveseenaretreatinhomeprices10SeattleCharlotteLasVegasandTampa.Allfour11gainstheymadeinrecentmonths12.13forthe20-metroindextheannualrateofdeclineisimproving.That14withotherrecenthousingreportsthatshowprices15oracceleratingcouldpointto16thehousingmarketisstartingto17itsfootingsomeeconomistssay.Existinghomesalepriceswere$178300inDecemberwhichis1.5%higherthanDecember2008accordingtoareportthisweekbytheNationalAssociationofRealtors.Thatwasthefirstyear-over-year18inmedianpricesinceAugust2007.Themost19thingwecansayisnotonlythemarketisstabilizingbutwe’veseenthathousingdemandisstrongsaysBernardBaumohlwiththeEconomicOutlookGroup.Housingprobablywillcontinuetoclimbupwardsthroughthesummer20itcouldslipalittleasthetaxcreditexpires./
HomepricesslidinNovemberraisingquestionsaboutwhetherthehousingrecoveryisrobustenoughtomaintainasustainedturnaround.FromOctobertoNovemberhomepricesfell0.2%after10.1%inOctoberaccordingtoareportTuesdaybyStandard&Poor’s/Case-Shiller’shomepriceindex.2fiveofthe20metroareas3bytheindexsawpriceincreasesforthemonth.Onan4basispriceswere5.3%lowerinNovemberthaninNovember2008.Priceswerethesameasinlate2003.Whatwe’veseen5thepastcoupleofmonthsisthatthepaceof6hasfallendownsaysMaureenMaitlandofStandard&Poor’s.Somemarketshave7Isthatbecausewehaven’t8theforeclosure回赎权的取消cycleBecauseofunemploymentWe’renotseeingthe9wewereseeinginthelastsummermonths.Metroareasthathaveseenaretreatinhomeprices10SeattleCharlotteLasVegasandTampa.Allfour11gainstheymadeinrecentmonths12.13forthe20-metroindextheannualrateofdeclineisimproving.That14withotherrecenthousingreportsthatshowprices15oracceleratingcouldpointto16thehousingmarketisstartingto17itsfootingsomeeconomistssay.Existinghomesalepriceswere$178300inDecemberwhichis1.5%higherthanDecember2008accordingtoareportthisweekbytheNationalAssociationofRealtors.Thatwasthefirstyear-over-year18inmedianpricesinceAugust2007.Themost19thingwecansayisnotonlythemarketisstabilizingbutwe’veseenthathousingdemandisstrongsaysBernardBaumohlwiththeEconomicOutlookGroup.Housingprobablywillcontinuetoclimbupwardsthroughthesummer20itcouldslipalittleasthetaxcreditexpires./
Datasecurityusedtobeallaboutspendingbigbucksonfirewallstodefenddataatthenetworkperimeterandonantivirussoftwaretoprotectindividualcomputers.Internet-basedcomputingorcloudcomputinghaschangedallthatatthesametimeexpandingexponentiallythechancesfordatathievesandhackers.Thecloudcreatesotheropportunitiestoo.ahandfulofsecurityvendorsnowdeliversecurityasaservice--aone-twopunchofhardwareandsoftwarethatmonitorsandmanagesanenterprise’sdatasecurityandbillscustomersonlyforthecomputingpowertheyuse.ForyearssecuritywasaboutbigcompaniespushingtechnologytotheircustomerssaysQualysCEOandfounderPhilippeCourtot.Nowit’saboutthecustomerspullingpreciselywhattheyneedandprovidingthemwiththoseresourcesondemand.QualysaprivatelyheldcompanyinRedwoodShoresCalif.wasamongthefirsttoembracetheservice-orientedmodelin1999.TodayfourdifferentmodulesofQualysGuarditsflagshipofferingareusedbymorethan3500organizationsin85countries.Thecompanyperformsmorethan200millionsecurityauditsperyear.Courtotknowssomethingaboutopportunity.TheFrenchentrepreneurarrivedinSiliconValleyin1987andhasbuiltanumberofcompaniesintobig-timeplayersincludingSignioanelectronic-paymentstart-upthatwaseventuallysoldtoVeriSigninacombineddealformorethan$1billion.AsCEOherebuiltVerityandtransformedcc:Mailaonceunknownfirmof12peopleintoadominante-mailplatformbeforeLotusacquireditin1991.ThroughoutmycareerI’vebeenabletorecognizethatforatechnologytosucceeditmusthaveapurposehesays.Technologyitselfhasnovalue.It’swhatyoudowithitthatcounts.UndertheoldparadigmaccordingtoCourtotenterprisesoverspentforstand-alonesecuritydevicesthatbecameunrulyanddifficulttooperateoverthelongtermHesaysQualysattackstheflawsinthisstrategybystreamliningsecurityandtacklingmostoftheservicedeliverythroughthecloud.Wecontroltheinfrastructuresoftwareupdatesqualityassuranceandjustabouteverythinginbetweenhesays.ThefirmunveiledQualysGuardin2000.Afteraninfusionof$25millionfromtheventurefirmTridentCapitalandanother$25millionfromGourtotQualystweakedtheservicetofocusmostlyonvulnerabilitymanagement.Muchofthecompany’scurrentrevenue-salestopped$50millionlastyear--isbeingdrivingbyasetofstandardsestablishedbythePaymentCardIndustrySecurityStandardsCouncilPCISSC.ThePCIstandardhasbeenamajordriverofbusinessforallofthemespeciallyQualyssaysAvivahLitanavicepresidentandanalystatmarket-researchfirmGartner.Wheneveryonehastocomplythere’salotofworktogoaround./Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthePCIstandardis
HomepricesslidinNovemberraisingquestionsaboutwhetherthehousingrecoveryisrobustenoughtomaintainasustainedturnaround.FromOctobertoNovemberhomepricesfell0.2%after10.1%inOctoberaccordingtoareportTuesdaybyStandard&Poor’s/Case-Shiller’shomepriceindex.2fiveofthe20metroareas3bytheindexsawpriceincreasesforthemonth.Onan4basispriceswere5.3%lowerinNovemberthaninNovember2008.Priceswerethesameasinlate2003.Whatwe’veseen5thepastcoupleofmonthsisthatthepaceof6hasfallendownsaysMaureenMaitlandofStandard&Poor’s.Somemarketshave7Isthatbecausewehaven’t8theforeclosure回赎权的取消cycleBecauseofunemploymentWe’renotseeingthe9wewereseeinginthelastsummermonths.Metroareasthathaveseenaretreatinhomeprices10SeattleCharlotteLasVegasandTampa.Allfour11gainstheymadeinrecentmonths12.13forthe20-metroindextheannualrateofdeclineisimproving.That14withotherrecenthousingreportsthatshowprices15oracceleratingcouldpointto16thehousingmarketisstartingto17itsfootingsomeeconomistssay.Existinghomesalepriceswere$178300inDecemberwhichis1.5%higherthanDecember2008accordingtoareportthisweekbytheNationalAssociationofRealtors.Thatwasthefirstyear-over-year18inmedianpricesinceAugust2007.Themost19thingwecansayisnotonlythemarketisstabilizingbutwe’veseenthathousingdemandisstrongsaysBernardBaumohlwiththeEconomicOutlookGroup.Housingprobablywillcontinuetoclimbupwardsthroughthesummer20itcouldslipalittleasthetaxcreditexpires./
Itiseasytoseewhyforgivenessistypicallyregardedasavirtue.Forgivenessisnotalwaysavirtuehowever.IndeedifIamcorrectinlinkingresentmenttoself-respectatooreadytendencytoforgivemayproperlyberegardedasavicebecauseitmaybeasignthatonelacksrespectforoneself.Forgivenessmayindeedrestorerelationshipsbuttoseekrestorationatallcost--evenatthecostofone’sveryhumandignity--canhardlybeavirtue.AndinintimaterelationshipsitcanhardlybetrueloveorfriendshipeitherthekindofloveandfriendshipthatAristotleclaimedisanessentialartofthehumanlife.IfIcountmoralityasmuchasanyoneelseassurelyIdoafailuretoresentmoralinjuriesdonetomeisafailuretocareaboutthemoralvalueinmyownpersonthatIaminKantianlanguageanendinmyselfandthusafailuretocareabouttheveryrulesofmorality.Toputthepointinyetanotherway:IfitispropertofeelindignationwhenIseethirdpartiesmorallywrongedmustitnotbeequallypropertofeelresentmentwhenIexperiencethewrongdonetomyselfMoralityisnotsimplysomethingtobebelieved:itissomethingtobecaredabout.Thiscaringincludesconcernaboutthosepersonsincludingoneselfwhoaretheproperobjectsofmoralattention.Interestinglyenoughareadinesstoforgive--orevenarefusaltodisplayresentmentinitially--mayrevealalackofrespectnotjustforoneselfbyforothersaswell.TheNietzscheanviewforexampleissometimesportrayedlikethis:Thereisnoneedforforgivenessbecauseastrongpersonwillneverfeelresentmentinthefirstplace.WhyBecauseheisnotsoweakastothinkthatotherpeople--eventhosewhoharmhim--matterenoughtohaveanyimpactonhisself-respect.Wedonotresenttheinsectthatstingsuswesimplydealwithitandneithershouldweresentthehumanwhowrongsus.Althoughthereissomethingattractiveandworthdiscussingaboutthisviewmostofuswouldprobablywanttorejectitastoodemeaningofotherhumanbeingsandourmoralrelationswiththem.Ishallthusforthepresentassumethefollowing:thatforgivenessisacceptableonlyincaseswhereitisconsistentwithself-respectrespectforothersasresponsiblemoralagentsandallegiancetotherulesofmoralitythatisforgivenessmustnotinvolvecomplicityoracquiescence默认inwrongdoings.Whydoestheauthorsaytoseekrestorationatallcost--evenatthecostofone’sveryhumandignity--canhardlybeavirtueinthefirstparagraph
Aspeopleageandneedmorehelpwithdailyactivitiessuchasbathingortakingmedicationmovingtoafacilitythatprovidessomeassistancewithoutsacrificingindependencemaybeanoption.Thistypeofenvironmentknownasassistedlivinghasemergedinthepasttwodecadesasanincreasinglyavailableoptionforhousingandlong-termcare.Thegrowthofassistedlivingfacilitieshasleveledoffinrecentyearshoweverastheeconomicdownturnhamperednewconstructionandoccupancyrates.In2007therewereapproximately38000assistedlivingfacilitiesnationwideservingabout975000residents.TheoverwhelmingmajorityofassistedlivingresidentsintheUnitedStatesarefemaleaccordingtotheNationalCenterforAssistedLiving.OneofthemostcommontypesoffacilitiesthatprovideassistedlivingarecalledcontinuingcareretirementcommunitieswhichofferastepwiseapproachtocaresaysKerryPeckanelderlawattorneybasedinChicago.TheconceptisyouageinplacemeaningyouneverhavetoleavethegroundsforhousinghesaysYoubuyanapartmentorcottageandthenasyourhealthdeclinesthefacilityagreestoprovidecontinuingcare.Someofthemostsuccessfulcentershaveindependentlivingthenassistedlivingthenanursinghomeforacutecare.Butmuchlikedecidingwhetheranursinghomeisnecessarythedecisiontomoveintoanassistedlivingfacilityisnotaneasyone.SowhatfactorsshouldyouconsiderwhenlookingforaplacetomovetoMainlyyoushouldthinkaboutwhatactivitiesyouoryourlovedoneneedhelpwith.Peopleresidinginassistedlivingfacilitiesmayneedassistancewithanynumberofdailyactivitiessuchasbathingdressingusingthebathroomcookingoreating.About87percentofresidentsneedhelppreparingmealsforexampleand81percentneedhelpwithmanagingortakingtheirmedicationsreportstheNCAL.Mostresidentscomefromlivinginprivatehomesorapartments;fewercomefromlivingwithadultchildrenorotherfamilymembersfromnursinghomefacilitiesretirementorindependentlivingcommunitiesoranotherassistedlivingorgrouphome.Forsomepeoplehoweverassistedlivingmaynotbeanoptionmostlyforfinancialreasons.Assistedlivingfacilitiescostanaverageof$34000annuallyin2009comparedtoabout$74000peryearforanursinghomeaccordingtoresearchpublishedinJanuaryinHealthAffairs.Howthisexpenseispaidvaries.Residentscanbuyintoafacilitybypayingalargeupfrontsumofmoneyfollowedbysmallermonthlyassessmentfees.Oriftheresidentoptsforafacilitywherehecanrentinsteadhewouldpaymonthlyforthecostofhousingandcare.Thefacilitiesarealsomostlylocatedinareaswherehomevaluesarehigherandpeoplenearbyhavehigherincomes.Thefacilitiesaresituatedinplaceswhere______.
HomepricesslidinNovemberraisingquestionsaboutwhetherthehousingrecoveryisrobustenoughtomaintainasustainedturnaround.FromOctobertoNovemberhomepricesfell0.2%after10.1%inOctoberaccordingtoareportTuesdaybyStandard&Poor’s/Case-Shiller’shomepriceindex.2fiveofthe20metroareas3bytheindexsawpriceincreasesforthemonth.Onan4basispriceswere5.3%lowerinNovemberthaninNovember2008.Priceswerethesameasinlate2003.Whatwe’veseen5thepastcoupleofmonthsisthatthepaceof6hasfallendownsaysMaureenMaitlandofStandard&Poor’s.Somemarketshave7Isthatbecausewehaven’t8theforeclosure回赎权的取消cycleBecauseofunemploymentWe’renotseeingthe9wewereseeinginthelastsummermonths.Metroareasthathaveseenaretreatinhomeprices10SeattleCharlotteLasVegasandTampa.Allfour11gainstheymadeinrecentmonths12.13forthe20-metroindextheannualrateofdeclineisimproving.That14withotherrecenthousingreportsthatshowprices15oracceleratingcouldpointto16thehousingmarketisstartingto17itsfootingsomeeconomistssay.Existinghomesalepriceswere$178300inDecemberwhichis1.5%higherthanDecember2008accordingtoareportthisweekbytheNationalAssociationofRealtors.Thatwasthefirstyear-over-year18inmedianpricesinceAugust2007.Themost19thingwecansayisnotonlythemarketisstabilizingbutwe’veseenthathousingdemandisstrongsaysBernardBaumohlwiththeEconomicOutlookGroup.Housingprobablywillcontinuetoclimbupwardsthroughthesummer20itcouldslipalittleasthetaxcreditexpires./
Clatteringkeyboardsmayseemthewhitenoiseofthemodernagebuttheybetraymoreinformationthanunwarytypistsrealize.Simplybyanalyzingaudiorecordingsofkeyboardclattercomputerscientistscannowreconstructanaccuratetranscriptofwhatwastyped--includingpasswords.41.Suchsnoopingispossiblebecauseeachkeyproducesacharacteristicdickshapedbyitspositiononthekeyboardthevigorandhandpositionofthetypistandthetypeofkeyboardused.Butpastattemptstodecipherkeyboardsoundswereonlymodestlysuccessfulrequiringatrainingsessioninwhichthecomputermatchedaknowntranscripttoanaudiorecordingofeachkeybeingstruck.42.Furthermoreeachnewtypistorkeyboardrequiredafreshtranscriptandtrainingsessionlimitingthemethod’sappealtowould-behackers.NowinablowtoacousticsecurityDougTygarandhiscolleaguesattheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkeleyhavepublisheddetailsofanapproachthatreaches96%accuracyevenwithoutalabeledtrainingtranscript.43.ThesoftwaretentativelyassignseachclickaletterbasedonitsfrequencythenteststhemessagecreatedbythisassignmentusingstatisticalmodelsoftheEnglishlanguage.Forexamplecertainlettersorwordsaremorelikelytooccurtogether-ifanunknownkeystrokefollowsatitismuchmorelikelytobeanhthananx.Similarlythewordsforexamplemakelikelierbedfellowsthanfurexample.Inafinalrefinementtheresearchersemployedamethodmanystudentswoulddowelltodeployontermpapers.automatedspellchecking.ByrepeatedlyrevisingunlikelyorincorrectletterassignmentsDr.Tygar’ssoftwareextractssensefromsonicchaos.Thatsaidthemethoddoeshaveonelimitation:inordertoapplythelanguagemodelatleastfiveminutesoftherecordedtypinghadtobeinstandardEnglishthoughinprincipleanysystematiclanguageoralphabetwouldwork.Butoncethoserequirementsaremettheprogramcandecodeanythingfromepicprosetorandomizedten-characterpasswords.44.Hesaysitisquitesimpletofindtheinstructionsneededtobuildaparabolicorlasermicrophoneontheweb.Youcouldjustpointonefromoutsidethroughanofficewindowtomakearecording.Andashepointsoutwould-beeavesdroppersmightnotevenneedtheirownrecordingequipmentaslaptopcomputersincreasinglycomeequippedwithbuilt-inmicrophonesthatcouldbehijacked.45.Hiscomputerswerelesssuccessfulatparsingrecordingsmadeinnoisyrooms.Ultimatelythoughmoresophisticatedrecordingarrayscouldovercomeevenbackgroundnoiserenderinganytypedtextvulnerable.Dr.Tygarthereforerecommendsthattypedpasswordsbephasedouttobereplacedwithbiometricchecksormultipletypesofauthorizationthatcombineapasswordwithsomeformofsilentverificationclickingonapre-chosenpictureinaselectionofimagesforexample.Looselipsmaystillsinkshipsbutforthemomentitseemsthatanindiscreetkeystrokecandojustasmuchdamage.[A]ThissortofacousticanalysismightsoundliketheexclusiveprovinceofspiesandspooksbutaccordingtoDr.Tygarsuchattacksarenotasesotericasyoumightexpect.[B]Thesoundsoftypingcanbedecodedwhichcanbeusedtodecodepasswordsoifyouaretypingrandomsecurepasswords.[C]Thenewapproachemploysmethodsdevelopedforspeech-recognitionsoftwaretogrouptogetherallthesimilar-soundingkeystrokesinarecordinggeneratinganalphabetofclicks.[D]ToprotectagainstthesesonicincursionsDr.Tygarsuggestsasimpleremedy:turnuptheradio.[E]Themajoradvancehereisthatitnolongerrequireshoursoftrainingthemodelinordertocreateausablemappingofkeysoundstoletters.[F]Andincontrasttomanytypesofcomputerespionagetheprocessissimplerequiringonlyacheapmicrophoneandadesktopcomputer.[G]Thusschooledthesoftwarecouldstillidentifyonly80%ofthecharactersinadifferenttranscriptofthesametypistonthesamemachine.
GermanChancellorAngelaMerkelwonoverGermanvotersintheFederalElectiononSept.27.CanshenowbewonoverbyaFrenchcharmoffensive1atrepairingtherelationshipthatwasonceattheheartofEuropeThat’sthequestionbeingaskedinParis2topgovernmentofficialsare3talkingabouttheirdesiretorekindlecloserties4theirneighborsacrosstheRhine.5theendofWorldWarIItheFranco-GermanrelationshiphasbeenthemotorofEuropeanintegrationthe6forcebehindthecreationoftheEuropeanUnionandmorerecentlytheintroductionoftheeuro.Buttheardorhas7inthisdecadeparticularlyunderMerkelwhohasregularlystruggledto8herirritationwithFrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozy’sgrandstanding.Sarkozy9hasoftenbeenimpatientwithwhathe10Merkel’slackofresolve. Thesometimes11personalrapportisalongwayfromthepublicshowsofaffectiontheirpredecessorsstagedparticularlyHelmutKohlandFranCoisMitterrandwhomovinglyheld12in1984inaVerduncemetery.There’sbeentensionon13too.CharlesGrantdirectoroftheLondon-basedthinktankCentreforEuropeanReformpointsoutthatFranceandGermanyhavebeen14onissuesfromhowbesttoreflatetheireconomiesduringtheeconomic15tothesmarteststrategiesfordealingwithRussia. ButinfluentialmoversinFrancearenow16toputtherelationshipbackonafriendlierfooting.InarecentpaperFrenchthinktankInstituteMontaigne17anambitiousagendaforthetwonations18thatanewimpetusisneededifEurope’svoiceistobeheardinaworld19ofbignewplayerssuchasBrazilandIndiaandatatimewhenPresidentObamaseemsfaxmore20withChinaandtherestofAsiathanwithAmerica’straditionalalliesinEurope. 1
Clatteringkeyboardsmayseemthewhitenoiseofthemodernagebuttheybetraymoreinformationthanunwarytypistsrealize.Simplybyanalyzingaudiorecordingsofkeyboardclattercomputerscientistscannowreconstructanaccuratetranscriptofwhatwastyped--includingpasswords.41.Suchsnoopingispossiblebecauseeachkeyproducesacharacteristicdickshapedbyitspositiononthekeyboardthevigorandhandpositionofthetypistandthetypeofkeyboardused.Butpastattemptstodecipherkeyboardsoundswereonlymodestlysuccessfulrequiringatrainingsessioninwhichthecomputermatchedaknowntranscripttoanaudiorecordingofeachkeybeingstruck.42.Furthermoreeachnewtypistorkeyboardrequiredafreshtranscriptandtrainingsessionlimitingthemethod’sappealtowould-behackers.NowinablowtoacousticsecurityDougTygarandhiscolleaguesattheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkeleyhavepublisheddetailsofanapproachthatreaches96%accuracyevenwithoutalabeledtrainingtranscript.43.ThesoftwaretentativelyassignseachclickaletterbasedonitsfrequencythenteststhemessagecreatedbythisassignmentusingstatisticalmodelsoftheEnglishlanguage.Forexamplecertainlettersorwordsaremorelikelytooccurtogether-ifanunknownkeystrokefollowsatitismuchmorelikelytobeanhthananx.Similarlythewordsforexamplemakelikelierbedfellowsthanfurexample.Inafinalrefinementtheresearchersemployedamethodmanystudentswoulddowelltodeployontermpapers.automatedspellchecking.ByrepeatedlyrevisingunlikelyorincorrectletterassignmentsDr.Tygar’ssoftwareextractssensefromsonicchaos.Thatsaidthemethoddoeshaveonelimitation:inordertoapplythelanguagemodelatleastfiveminutesoftherecordedtypinghadtobeinstandardEnglishthoughinprincipleanysystematiclanguageoralphabetwouldwork.Butoncethoserequirementsaremettheprogramcandecodeanythingfromepicprosetorandomizedten-characterpasswords.44.Hesaysitisquitesimpletofindtheinstructionsneededtobuildaparabolicorlasermicrophoneontheweb.Youcouldjustpointonefromoutsidethroughanofficewindowtomakearecording.Andashepointsoutwould-beeavesdroppersmightnotevenneedtheirownrecordingequipmentaslaptopcomputersincreasinglycomeequippedwithbuilt-inmicrophonesthatcouldbehijacked.45.Hiscomputerswerelesssuccessfulatparsingrecordingsmadeinnoisyrooms.Ultimatelythoughmoresophisticatedrecordingarrayscouldovercomeevenbackgroundnoiserenderinganytypedtextvulnerable.Dr.Tygarthereforerecommendsthattypedpasswordsbephasedouttobereplacedwithbiometricchecksormultipletypesofauthorizationthatcombineapasswordwithsomeformofsilentverificationclickingonapre-chosenpictureinaselectionofimagesforexample.Looselipsmaystillsinkshipsbutforthemomentitseemsthatanindiscreetkeystrokecandojustasmuchdamage.[A]ThissortofacousticanalysismightsoundliketheexclusiveprovinceofspiesandspooksbutaccordingtoDr.Tygarsuchattacksarenotasesotericasyoumightexpect.[B]Thesoundsoftypingcanbedecodedwhichcanbeusedtodecodepasswordsoifyouaretypingrandomsecurepasswords.[C]Thenewapproachemploysmethodsdevelopedforspeech-recognitionsoftwaretogrouptogetherallthesimilar-soundingkeystrokesinarecordinggeneratinganalphabetofclicks.[D]ToprotectagainstthesesonicincursionsDr.Tygarsuggestsasimpleremedy:turnuptheradio.[E]Themajoradvancehereisthatitnolongerrequireshoursoftrainingthemodelinordertocreateausablemappingofkeysoundstoletters.[F]Andincontrasttomanytypesofcomputerespionagetheprocessissimplerequiringonlyacheapmicrophoneandadesktopcomputer.[G]Thusschooledthesoftwarecouldstillidentifyonly80%ofthecharactersinadifferenttranscriptofthesametypistonthesamemachine.
Itdoesn’ttakeanEinsteintorecognizethatAlbertEinstein’sbrainwasverydifferentfromyoursandmine.46Thegraymatterhousedinsidethatshaggyheadmanagedtorevolutionizeourconceptsoftimespacemotion--theveryfoundationsofphysicalreality--notjustoncebutseveraltimesduringhisastonishingcareer.YetwhilethereclearlyhadtobesomethingremarkableaboutEinstein’sbrainthepathologistwhoremoveditfromthegreatphysicist’sskullafterhisdeathreportedthattheorganwastoallappearanceswellwithinthenormalrange-nobiggerorheavierthananyoneelse’s.ButanewanalysisofEinstein’sbrainbyCanadianscientistsreportedinthecurrentLancetrevealsthatithassomedistinctivephysicalcharacteristicsafterall.47Aportionofthebrainthatgovernsmathematicalabilityandspatialreasoning--twokeyingredientstothesortofthinkingEinsteindidbest--wassignificantlylargerthanaverageandmayalsohavehadmoreinterconnectionsamongitscellswhichcouldhaveallowedthemtoworktogethermoreeffectively.In1996HarveygavemuchofhisdataandasignificantfractionofthetissueitselftoDr.SandraWitelsonaneuroscientistwhomaintainsabrainbankatMcMasterforcomparativestudiesofbrainstructureandfunction.48ThesenormalundiseasedbrainswilledtosciencebypeoplewhoseintelligencehadbeencarefullymeasuredbeforedeathgaveWitelsonasolidsetofbenchmarksagainstwhichtomeasuretheseatofEinstein’sbrilliantthoughts.NotonlywasEinstein’sinferiorparietalregionunusuallybulkythescientistsfoundbutafeaturecalledtheSylvianfissurewasmuchsmallerthanaverage.49Withoutthisgroovethatnormallyslicesthroughthetissuethebraincellswerepackedclosetogetherpermittingmoreinterconnections--whichinprinciplecanpermitmorecross-referencingofinformationandideas--leadingtogreatleapsofinsight.That’stheideaanyway.Butwhileit’squiteplausibleaccordingtocurrentneurologicaltheorythatdoesn’tnecessarilymakeittrue.WeknowEinsteinwasageniusandwenowknowthathisbrainwasphysicallydifferentfromtheaverage.Butnoneofthisprovesacause-and-effectrelationship.WhatyoureallyneedsaysMcLean’sBenesistolookatthebrainsofanumberofmathematicalgeniusestoseeifthesameabnormalitiesarepresent.50Eveniftheyareit’spossiblethatthebulked-upbrainsarearesultofstrenuousmentalexercisenotaninherentfeaturethatmakesgeniuspossible.Bottomline:westilldon’tknowwhetherEinsteinwasbornwithanextraordinarymindorwhetherheearneditonebrilliantideaatatime.
HomepricesslidinNovemberraisingquestionsaboutwhetherthehousingrecoveryisrobustenoughtomaintainasustainedturnaround.FromOctobertoNovemberhomepricesfell0.2%after10.1%inOctoberaccordingtoareportTuesdaybyStandard&Poor’s/Case-Shiller’shomepriceindex.2fiveofthe20metroareas3bytheindexsawpriceincreasesforthemonth.Onan4basispriceswere5.3%lowerinNovemberthaninNovember2008.Priceswerethesameasinlate2003.Whatwe’veseen5thepastcoupleofmonthsisthatthepaceof6hasfallendownsaysMaureenMaitlandofStandard&Poor’s.Somemarketshave7Isthatbecausewehaven’t8theforeclosure回赎权的取消cycleBecauseofunemploymentWe’renotseeingthe9wewereseeinginthelastsummermonths.Metroareasthathaveseenaretreatinhomeprices10SeattleCharlotteLasVegasandTampa.Allfour11gainstheymadeinrecentmonths12.13forthe20-metroindextheannualrateofdeclineisimproving.That14withotherrecenthousingreportsthatshowprices15oracceleratingcouldpointto16thehousingmarketisstartingto17itsfootingsomeeconomistssay.Existinghomesalepriceswere$178300inDecemberwhichis1.5%higherthanDecember2008accordingtoareportthisweekbytheNationalAssociationofRealtors.Thatwasthefirstyear-over-year18inmedianpricesinceAugust2007.Themost19thingwecansayisnotonlythemarketisstabilizingbutwe’veseenthathousingdemandisstrongsaysBernardBaumohlwiththeEconomicOutlookGroup.Housingprobablywillcontinuetoclimbupwardsthroughthesummer20itcouldslipalittleasthetaxcreditexpires./
HomepricesslidinNovemberraisingquestionsaboutwhetherthehousingrecoveryisrobustenoughtomaintainasustainedturnaround.FromOctobertoNovemberhomepricesfell0.2%after10.1%inOctoberaccordingtoareportTuesdaybyStandard&Poor’s/Case-Shiller’shomepriceindex.2fiveofthe20metroareas3bytheindexsawpriceincreasesforthemonth.Onan4basispriceswere5.3%lowerinNovemberthaninNovember2008.Priceswerethesameasinlate2003.Whatwe’veseen5thepastcoupleofmonthsisthatthepaceof6hasfallendownsaysMaureenMaitlandofStandard&Poor’s.Somemarketshave7Isthatbecausewehaven’t8theforeclosure回赎权的取消cycleBecauseofunemploymentWe’renotseeingthe9wewereseeinginthelastsummermonths.Metroareasthathaveseenaretreatinhomeprices10SeattleCharlotteLasVegasandTampa.Allfour11gainstheymadeinrecentmonths12.13forthe20-metroindextheannualrateofdeclineisimproving.That14withotherrecenthousingreportsthatshowprices15oracceleratingcouldpointto16thehousingmarketisstartingto17itsfootingsomeeconomistssay.Existinghomesalepriceswere$178300inDecemberwhichis1.5%higherthanDecember2008accordingtoareportthisweekbytheNationalAssociationofRealtors.Thatwasthefirstyear-over-year18inmedianpricesinceAugust2007.Themost19thingwecansayisnotonlythemarketisstabilizingbutwe’veseenthathousingdemandisstrongsaysBernardBaumohlwiththeEconomicOutlookGroup.Housingprobablywillcontinuetoclimbupwardsthroughthesummer20itcouldslipalittleasthetaxcreditexpires./
Datasecurityusedtobeallaboutspendingbigbucksonfirewallstodefenddataatthenetworkperimeterandonantivirussoftwaretoprotectindividualcomputers.Internet-basedcomputingorcloudcomputinghaschangedallthatatthesametimeexpandingexponentiallythechancesfordatathievesandhackers.Thecloudcreatesotheropportunitiestoo.ahandfulofsecurityvendorsnowdeliversecurityasaservice--aone-twopunchofhardwareandsoftwarethatmonitorsandmanagesanenterprise’sdatasecurityandbillscustomersonlyforthecomputingpowertheyuse.ForyearssecuritywasaboutbigcompaniespushingtechnologytotheircustomerssaysQualysCEOandfounderPhilippeCourtot.Nowit’saboutthecustomerspullingpreciselywhattheyneedandprovidingthemwiththoseresourcesondemand.QualysaprivatelyheldcompanyinRedwoodShoresCalif.wasamongthefirsttoembracetheservice-orientedmodelin1999.TodayfourdifferentmodulesofQualysGuarditsflagshipofferingareusedbymorethan3500organizationsin85countries.Thecompanyperformsmorethan200millionsecurityauditsperyear.Courtotknowssomethingaboutopportunity.TheFrenchentrepreneurarrivedinSiliconValleyin1987andhasbuiltanumberofcompaniesintobig-timeplayersincludingSignioanelectronic-paymentstart-upthatwaseventuallysoldtoVeriSigninacombineddealformorethan$1billion.AsCEOherebuiltVerityandtransformedcc:Mailaonceunknownfirmof12peopleintoadominante-mailplatformbeforeLotusacquireditin1991.ThroughoutmycareerI’vebeenabletorecognizethatforatechnologytosucceeditmusthaveapurposehesays.Technologyitselfhasnovalue.It’swhatyoudowithitthatcounts.UndertheoldparadigmaccordingtoCourtotenterprisesoverspentforstand-alonesecuritydevicesthatbecameunrulyanddifficulttooperateoverthelongtermHesaysQualysattackstheflawsinthisstrategybystreamliningsecurityandtacklingmostoftheservicedeliverythroughthecloud.Wecontroltheinfrastructuresoftwareupdatesqualityassuranceandjustabouteverythinginbetweenhesays.ThefirmunveiledQualysGuardin2000.Afteraninfusionof$25millionfromtheventurefirmTridentCapitalandanother$25millionfromGourtotQualystweakedtheservicetofocusmostlyonvulnerabilitymanagement.Muchofthecompany’scurrentrevenue-salestopped$50millionlastyear--isbeingdrivingbyasetofstandardsestablishedbythePaymentCardIndustrySecurityStandardsCouncilPCISSC.ThePCIstandardhasbeenamajordriverofbusinessforallofthemespeciallyQualyssaysAvivahLitanavicepresidentandanalystatmarket-researchfirmGartner.Wheneveryonehastocomplythere’salotofworktogoaround./Thetraditionalwaytoensuredatasecurityisby______.
Directions:YouareagraduatestudentmajoringinBusinessEnglish.Youareinterestedinthepositionofatranslatorinamultinationalcorporation.WritealettertotheHRmanagerto1statethereasonofwritingthisletter2introduceyourselfbriefly3expressyourgratitude.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyournameattheendoftheletter.UseLiMinginstead.Donotwritetheaddress.
Itiseasytoseewhyforgivenessistypicallyregardedasavirtue.Forgivenessisnotalwaysavirtuehowever.IndeedifIamcorrectinlinkingresentmenttoself-respectatooreadytendencytoforgivemayproperlyberegardedasavicebecauseitmaybeasignthatonelacksrespectforoneself.Forgivenessmayindeedrestorerelationshipsbuttoseekrestorationatallcost--evenatthecostofone’sveryhumandignity--canhardlybeavirtue.AndinintimaterelationshipsitcanhardlybetrueloveorfriendshipeitherthekindofloveandfriendshipthatAristotleclaimedisanessentialartofthehumanlife.IfIcountmoralityasmuchasanyoneelseassurelyIdoafailuretoresentmoralinjuriesdonetomeisafailuretocareaboutthemoralvalueinmyownpersonthatIaminKantianlanguageanendinmyselfandthusafailuretocareabouttheveryrulesofmorality.Toputthepointinyetanotherway:IfitispropertofeelindignationwhenIseethirdpartiesmorallywrongedmustitnotbeequallypropertofeelresentmentwhenIexperiencethewrongdonetomyselfMoralityisnotsimplysomethingtobebelieved:itissomethingtobecaredabout.Thiscaringincludesconcernaboutthosepersonsincludingoneselfwhoaretheproperobjectsofmoralattention.Interestinglyenoughareadinesstoforgive--orevenarefusaltodisplayresentmentinitially--mayrevealalackofrespectnotjustforoneselfbyforothersaswell.TheNietzscheanviewforexampleissometimesportrayedlikethis:Thereisnoneedforforgivenessbecauseastrongpersonwillneverfeelresentmentinthefirstplace.WhyBecauseheisnotsoweakastothinkthatotherpeople--eventhosewhoharmhim--matterenoughtohaveanyimpactonhisself-respect.Wedonotresenttheinsectthatstingsuswesimplydealwithitandneithershouldweresentthehumanwhowrongsus.Althoughthereissomethingattractiveandworthdiscussingaboutthisviewmostofuswouldprobablywanttorejectitastoodemeaningofotherhumanbeingsandourmoralrelationswiththem.Ishallthusforthepresentassumethefollowing:thatforgivenessisacceptableonlyincaseswhereitisconsistentwithself-respectrespectforothersasresponsiblemoralagentsandallegiancetotherulesofmoralitythatisforgivenessmustnotinvolvecomplicityoracquiescence默认inwrongdoings.AccordingtoNietzschewhyistherenoneedforforgiveness
HomepricesslidinNovemberraisingquestionsaboutwhetherthehousingrecoveryisrobustenoughtomaintainasustainedturnaround.FromOctobertoNovemberhomepricesfell0.2%after10.1%inOctoberaccordingtoareportTuesdaybyStandard&Poor’s/Case-Shiller’shomepriceindex.2fiveofthe20metroareas3bytheindexsawpriceincreasesforthemonth.Onan4basispriceswere5.3%lowerinNovemberthaninNovember2008.Priceswerethesameasinlate2003.Whatwe’veseen5thepastcoupleofmonthsisthatthepaceof6hasfallendownsaysMaureenMaitlandofStandard&Poor’s.Somemarketshave7Isthatbecausewehaven’t8theforeclosure回赎权的取消cycleBecauseofunemploymentWe’renotseeingthe9wewereseeinginthelastsummermonths.Metroareasthathaveseenaretreatinhomeprices10SeattleCharlotteLasVegasandTampa.Allfour11gainstheymadeinrecentmonths12.13forthe20-metroindextheannualrateofdeclineisimproving.That14withotherrecenthousingreportsthatshowprices15oracceleratingcouldpointto16thehousingmarketisstartingto17itsfootingsomeeconomistssay.Existinghomesalepriceswere$178300inDecemberwhichis1.5%higherthanDecember2008accordingtoareportthisweekbytheNationalAssociationofRealtors.Thatwasthefirstyear-over-year18inmedianpricesinceAugust2007.Themost19thingwecansayisnotonlythemarketisstabilizingbutwe’veseenthathousingdemandisstrongsaysBernardBaumohlwiththeEconomicOutlookGroup.Housingprobablywillcontinuetoclimbupwardsthroughthesummer20itcouldslipalittleasthetaxcreditexpires./
ByanystandardmoneymanagerMalcolmGissenhashadacomplicatedrelationshipwithriskoverthepastcoupleofyears.Afterlosing62percentin2008theEncompassFundwhichGissenco-managesgainedastaggering137percentlastyearcementingitsreputationasoneofthemorevolatilefundsintheindustry.Mostmutualfundmanagerstendtoinvestformediocreresults.TheirgoalistoperforminlinewiththeirbenchmarksaysGissenwhosereturns--forbetterorworsen-havebeenanythingbutmediocre.Encompassisoneofasmallgroupoffundsthathaveago-anywheremandatemeaningtheycaninvestinessentiallyanytypeofsecurityandGissenwieldsthatpowerfreely.Latelastyearforinstancehisfundhadabout20percentofitsassetsingold-relatedinvestments.DespiteallthatGissen’sattitudetowardriskissurprisinglystraightforward:Wedon’tlikeriskhevolunteers.Thisofcoursebegsthequestion:WhatexactlyconstitutesariskyportfolioWhenpeoplethinkaboutrisk..theythink’What’sgoingtobethenextAIGorthenextEnron’saysChrisKonstantinosaportfolioriskmanageratRiverfrontInvestmentGroupaVirginia-basedadvisoryfirm.That’sareallyimportantriskbutit’snottheentiresideoftheriskequation.It’sjustonepiece.Latelythemarkethasshonealightonanentirelydifferenttypeofriskonethat’sfarmoreparadoxicalanddifficulttograsp.SometimesthebiggestriskyoucanhaveinyourportfolioisnothavingenoughrisksaysKonstantinos.AndcertainlysinceMarchof2009that’sclearlybeenthecase.Advocatesofthisphilosophypointtotwomainscenarios.Inoneatraditionallysafeassetclassfallsoffpullingtherugoutfromunderneathinvestorswhowereoverexposedtoit.That’swhatmanyanalystsexpectwillhappentobondinvestorsonceinterestratesstartcreepingup.Intheotherariskytypeofinvestmenttakesoffleavingthosewhodon’townitbehindinacloudofdust.That’swhatoccurredwhenconsumerdiscretionarystockssurgedduringlastyear’srebound.Inbothscenariostheadvantagegoestoinvestorswithportfoliosthataretraditionallyseenasrisky.Thechallengeofcourseisachievingtherightbalance.Manyinvestorscan’tstomachtheswingsassociatedwithfundslikeGissen’sbutthere’smiddlegroundtobefound.Therightwaytolookatriskistolookatitfromaportfolioconstructionperspectivewhichmeansthatinahighlydiversifiedportfoliothere’sroomforwhat’sperceivedasriskykindsofinvestmentssaysKonstantinos.AccordingtoKonstantinosthebiggestriskofportfolioisthat______.
Clatteringkeyboardsmayseemthewhitenoiseofthemodernagebuttheybetraymoreinformationthanunwarytypistsrealize.Simplybyanalyzingaudiorecordingsofkeyboardclattercomputerscientistscannowreconstructanaccuratetranscriptofwhatwastyped--includingpasswords.41.Suchsnoopingispossiblebecauseeachkeyproducesacharacteristicdickshapedbyitspositiononthekeyboardthevigorandhandpositionofthetypistandthetypeofkeyboardused.Butpastattemptstodecipherkeyboardsoundswereonlymodestlysuccessfulrequiringatrainingsessioninwhichthecomputermatchedaknowntranscripttoanaudiorecordingofeachkeybeingstruck.42.Furthermoreeachnewtypistorkeyboardrequiredafreshtranscriptandtrainingsessionlimitingthemethod’sappealtowould-behackers.NowinablowtoacousticsecurityDougTygarandhiscolleaguesattheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkeleyhavepublisheddetailsofanapproachthatreaches96%accuracyevenwithoutalabeledtrainingtranscript.43.ThesoftwaretentativelyassignseachclickaletterbasedonitsfrequencythenteststhemessagecreatedbythisassignmentusingstatisticalmodelsoftheEnglishlanguage.Forexamplecertainlettersorwordsaremorelikelytooccurtogether-ifanunknownkeystrokefollowsatitismuchmorelikelytobeanhthananx.Similarlythewordsforexamplemakelikelierbedfellowsthanfurexample.Inafinalrefinementtheresearchersemployedamethodmanystudentswoulddowelltodeployontermpapers.automatedspellchecking.ByrepeatedlyrevisingunlikelyorincorrectletterassignmentsDr.Tygar’ssoftwareextractssensefromsonicchaos.Thatsaidthemethoddoeshaveonelimitation:inordertoapplythelanguagemodelatleastfiveminutesoftherecordedtypinghadtobeinstandardEnglishthoughinprincipleanysystematiclanguageoralphabetwouldwork.Butoncethoserequirementsaremettheprogramcandecodeanythingfromepicprosetorandomizedten-characterpasswords.44.Hesaysitisquitesimpletofindtheinstructionsneededtobuildaparabolicorlasermicrophoneontheweb.Youcouldjustpointonefromoutsidethroughanofficewindowtomakearecording.Andashepointsoutwould-beeavesdroppersmightnotevenneedtheirownrecordingequipmentaslaptopcomputersincreasinglycomeequippedwithbuilt-inmicrophonesthatcouldbehijacked.45.Hiscomputerswerelesssuccessfulatparsingrecordingsmadeinnoisyrooms.Ultimatelythoughmoresophisticatedrecordingarrayscouldovercomeevenbackgroundnoiserenderinganytypedtextvulnerable.Dr.Tygarthereforerecommendsthattypedpasswordsbephasedouttobereplacedwithbiometricchecksormultipletypesofauthorizationthatcombineapasswordwithsomeformofsilentverificationclickingonapre-chosenpictureinaselectionofimagesforexample.Looselipsmaystillsinkshipsbutforthemomentitseemsthatanindiscreetkeystrokecandojustasmuchdamage.[A]ThissortofacousticanalysismightsoundliketheexclusiveprovinceofspiesandspooksbutaccordingtoDr.Tygarsuchattacksarenotasesotericasyoumightexpect.[B]Thesoundsoftypingcanbedecodedwhichcanbeusedtodecodepasswordsoifyouaretypingrandomsecurepasswords.[C]Thenewapproachemploysmethodsdevelopedforspeech-recognitionsoftwaretogrouptogetherallthesimilar-soundingkeystrokesinarecordinggeneratinganalphabetofclicks.[D]ToprotectagainstthesesonicincursionsDr.Tygarsuggestsasimpleremedy:turnuptheradio.[E]Themajoradvancehereisthatitnolongerrequireshoursoftrainingthemodelinordertocreateausablemappingofkeysoundstoletters.[F]Andincontrasttomanytypesofcomputerespionagetheprocessissimplerequiringonlyacheapmicrophoneandadesktopcomputer.[G]Thusschooledthesoftwarecouldstillidentifyonly80%ofthecharactersinadifferenttranscriptofthesametypistonthesamemachine.
Datasecurityusedtobeallaboutspendingbigbucksonfirewallstodefenddataatthenetworkperimeterandonantivirussoftwaretoprotectindividualcomputers.Internet-basedcomputingorcloudcomputinghaschangedallthatatthesametimeexpandingexponentiallythechancesfordatathievesandhackers.Thecloudcreatesotheropportunitiestoo.ahandfulofsecurityvendorsnowdeliversecurityasaservice--aone-twopunchofhardwareandsoftwarethatmonitorsandmanagesanenterprise’sdatasecurityandbillscustomersonlyforthecomputingpowertheyuse.ForyearssecuritywasaboutbigcompaniespushingtechnologytotheircustomerssaysQualysCEOandfounderPhilippeCourtot.Nowit’saboutthecustomerspullingpreciselywhattheyneedandprovidingthemwiththoseresourcesondemand.QualysaprivatelyheldcompanyinRedwoodShoresCalif.wasamongthefirsttoembracetheservice-orientedmodelin1999.TodayfourdifferentmodulesofQualysGuarditsflagshipofferingareusedbymorethan3500organizationsin85countries.Thecompanyperformsmorethan200millionsecurityauditsperyear.Courtotknowssomethingaboutopportunity.TheFrenchentrepreneurarrivedinSiliconValleyin1987andhasbuiltanumberofcompaniesintobig-timeplayersincludingSignioanelectronic-paymentstart-upthatwaseventuallysoldtoVeriSigninacombineddealformorethan$1billion.AsCEOherebuiltVerityandtransformedcc:Mailaonceunknownfirmof12peopleintoadominante-mailplatformbeforeLotusacquireditin1991.ThroughoutmycareerI’vebeenabletorecognizethatforatechnologytosucceeditmusthaveapurposehesays.Technologyitselfhasnovalue.It’swhatyoudowithitthatcounts.UndertheoldparadigmaccordingtoCourtotenterprisesoverspentforstand-alonesecuritydevicesthatbecameunrulyanddifficulttooperateoverthelongtermHesaysQualysattackstheflawsinthisstrategybystreamliningsecurityandtacklingmostoftheservicedeliverythroughthecloud.Wecontroltheinfrastructuresoftwareupdatesqualityassuranceandjustabouteverythinginbetweenhesays.ThefirmunveiledQualysGuardin2000.Afteraninfusionof$25millionfromtheventurefirmTridentCapitalandanother$25millionfromGourtotQualystweakedtheservicetofocusmostlyonvulnerabilitymanagement.Muchofthecompany’scurrentrevenue-salestopped$50millionlastyear--isbeingdrivingbyasetofstandardsestablishedbythePaymentCardIndustrySecurityStandardsCouncilPCISSC.ThePCIstandardhasbeenamajordriverofbusinessforallofthemespeciallyQualyssaysAvivahLitanavicepresidentandanalystatmarket-researchfirmGartner.Wheneveryonehastocomplythere’salotofworktogoaround./What’sCourtot’scontributiontocc:Mail
HomepricesslidinNovemberraisingquestionsaboutwhetherthehousingrecoveryisrobustenoughtomaintainasustainedturnaround.FromOctobertoNovemberhomepricesfell0.2%after10.1%inOctoberaccordingtoareportTuesdaybyStandard&Poor’s/Case-Shiller’shomepriceindex.2fiveofthe20metroareas3bytheindexsawpriceincreasesforthemonth.Onan4basispriceswere5.3%lowerinNovemberthaninNovember2008.Priceswerethesameasinlate2003.Whatwe’veseen5thepastcoupleofmonthsisthatthepaceof6hasfallendownsaysMaureenMaitlandofStandard&Poor’s.Somemarketshave7Isthatbecausewehaven’t8theforeclosure回赎权的取消cycleBecauseofunemploymentWe’renotseeingthe9wewereseeinginthelastsummermonths.Metroareasthathaveseenaretreatinhomeprices10SeattleCharlotteLasVegasandTampa.Allfour11gainstheymadeinrecentmonths12.13forthe20-metroindextheannualrateofdeclineisimproving.That14withotherrecenthousingreportsthatshowprices15oracceleratingcouldpointto16thehousingmarketisstartingto17itsfootingsomeeconomistssay.Existinghomesalepriceswere$178300inDecemberwhichis1.5%higherthanDecember2008accordingtoareportthisweekbytheNationalAssociationofRealtors.Thatwasthefirstyear-over-year18inmedianpricesinceAugust2007.Themost19thingwecansayisnotonlythemarketisstabilizingbutwe’veseenthathousingdemandisstrongsaysBernardBaumohlwiththeEconomicOutlookGroup.Housingprobablywillcontinuetoclimbupwardsthroughthesummer20itcouldslipalittleasthetaxcreditexpires./
ByanystandardmoneymanagerMalcolmGissenhashadacomplicatedrelationshipwithriskoverthepastcoupleofyears.Afterlosing62percentin2008theEncompassFundwhichGissenco-managesgainedastaggering137percentlastyearcementingitsreputationasoneofthemorevolatilefundsintheindustry.Mostmutualfundmanagerstendtoinvestformediocreresults.TheirgoalistoperforminlinewiththeirbenchmarksaysGissenwhosereturns--forbetterorworsen-havebeenanythingbutmediocre.Encompassisoneofasmallgroupoffundsthathaveago-anywheremandatemeaningtheycaninvestinessentiallyanytypeofsecurityandGissenwieldsthatpowerfreely.Latelastyearforinstancehisfundhadabout20percentofitsassetsingold-relatedinvestments.DespiteallthatGissen’sattitudetowardriskissurprisinglystraightforward:Wedon’tlikeriskhevolunteers.Thisofcoursebegsthequestion:WhatexactlyconstitutesariskyportfolioWhenpeoplethinkaboutrisk..theythink’What’sgoingtobethenextAIGorthenextEnron’saysChrisKonstantinosaportfolioriskmanageratRiverfrontInvestmentGroupaVirginia-basedadvisoryfirm.That’sareallyimportantriskbutit’snottheentiresideoftheriskequation.It’sjustonepiece.Latelythemarkethasshonealightonanentirelydifferenttypeofriskonethat’sfarmoreparadoxicalanddifficulttograsp.SometimesthebiggestriskyoucanhaveinyourportfolioisnothavingenoughrisksaysKonstantinos.AndcertainlysinceMarchof2009that’sclearlybeenthecase.Advocatesofthisphilosophypointtotwomainscenarios.Inoneatraditionallysafeassetclassfallsoffpullingtherugoutfromunderneathinvestorswhowereoverexposedtoit.That’swhatmanyanalystsexpectwillhappentobondinvestorsonceinterestratesstartcreepingup.Intheotherariskytypeofinvestmenttakesoffleavingthosewhodon’townitbehindinacloudofdust.That’swhatoccurredwhenconsumerdiscretionarystockssurgedduringlastyear’srebound.Inbothscenariostheadvantagegoestoinvestorswithportfoliosthataretraditionallyseenasrisky.Thechallengeofcourseisachievingtherightbalance.Manyinvestorscan’tstomachtheswingsassociatedwithfundslikeGissen’sbutthere’smiddlegroundtobefound.Therightwaytolookatriskistolookatitfromaportfolioconstructionperspectivewhichmeansthatinahighlydiversifiedportfoliothere’sroomforwhat’sperceivedasriskykindsofinvestmentssaysKonstantinos.AccordingtothetextwhichofthefollowingisTRUE
JamesShapirofollowshisaward-winningbookonWilliamShakespeare1599whichcameoutin2005withanunlikelysubject:aninvestigationintotheoldchestnutthatShakespearewasn’tthemanwhowrotetheworks.MostmainstreamShakespeareansstandalooffromit.ButapparentlytheclaimsofFrancisBaconEdwarddeVereandChristopherMarloweamongothersareontherise.46AnappetiteforconspiracytheoriescombinedwithacallforbalancefromsomesectorsofacademeandtheriseoftheInternethasgiventhethingnewlife.Respectableaudiencesturnuptolistentolecturesonit.Thecontroversyiseventaughtatuniversitylevel.Whatdifferencedoesitmakewhowrotetheplayssomeoneaskedtheauthorwearily.Mr.ShapiroforwhomShakespearewasdefinitelythemanthinksitmattersalotandbytheendofthisbookhisreaderswillthinksotoo.Theauthorshipcontroversyturnsontwothings.snobberyandtheassumptionthatinaliteralwayyouarewhatyouwrite.Howcouldanuntutoreduntravelledglover’ssonfromhickvilletheargumentgoesunderstandkingsandcourtiersaffairsofstatephilosophylawmusic-letalonethenobleartoffalconry47Worsestillhowcouldthebusiness-mindedproperty-owningmoneylendingmaterialistthatemergesfromthedocumentaryscrapsbethesamemanasthepoetoftheplaysMr.Shapiroteasesoutthecuhuralprejudicesthehistoricalblindspotsandabovealltheanachronisminherentinthesequestions.Noonebeforethelate18thcenturyhadeveraskedthemorthoughttoreadtheplaysorsonnetsforbiographicalinsights.Noonehadevenbotheredtoworkoutachronologyforthem.48Theideathatworksofliteratureholdpersonalcluesorthat--moregrandly--writingisanexpressionandexplorationoftheselfisarelativelyrecentphenomenon.ContestedWillisdensewithlivesandstoriesandargument.Itisalsoentertaining.Thequestforthetrueclaimantdrovepeoplemad.49Herearesecretsandcodesanelaboratecipher-breakingmachineanobsessionwithgravesandcrazyadventurestofindlostmanuscripts.OnemanspentmonthsdredgingtheRiverSevern.Mr.Shapirohimselfturnssleuthexposingasfraudulentapieceofevidencelongthoughttobegenuine-onemorehoaxinthelonghistoryofShakespeareanwildgoosechases.50TheShakespearethatemergesisbothsimpleandmysterious:amanofthetheatrewhoreadobservedlistenedandremembered.BeyondthatisimaginationInessencethat’swhatthebookisabout.
热门题库
更多
国家统考科目
香港法概论
反间谍法
__学
合同法
证据学
民事诉讼法学
民法学
刑法学
消费者权益保护法
法理学
竞争法
国际公法
国际经济法
农村政策法规
行政法与行政诉讼法
湘公网安备 43130202000226号