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刘河间对痢疾的治疗，指出：“（）则便脓自愈。”
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提出调气则后重自除行血则便脓自愈之说的医家是
朱丹溪
张景岳
叶天士
李中梓
刘河间
刘河间对痢疾的治疗指出则后重自除
解毒
行血
调气
清热
在治疗痢疾上提出通因通用的治痢原则的医家是
刘河间
张子和
朱丹溪
张景岳
吴道琼
根据刘河间治疗痢疾的理论里急后重症状显著者可加用
养血药
活血药
理气药
补气药
升提中气药
刘河间指出调气则______行血则______这已成为治疗痢疾的常用法则之一
治痢提出调气则后重自除行血则便脓自愈的医家是
刘河间
李东垣
葛洪
严用和
吴道琼
刘河间论治痢疾成为治疗法则之一的是
清热导痢，则痢自愈
在中焦者，治宜分利
调气则后重自除
在下焦者，宜调理真阴
行血则便脓自愈
刘河间论治痢疾成为治疗法
清热导痢，则痢自愈
在中焦者，治宜分利
调气则后重自除
在下焦者，宜调理真阴
行血则便脓自愈
提出调气则后重自除行血则便脓自愈的医家是
李东垣
刘河间
张仲景
朱丹溪
张景岳
根据刘河间治疗痢疾的理论里急后重症状显著者加用
活血药
理气药
养血药
补气药
升提中气药
提出通因通用治疗痢疾原则的医家是
刘河间
张子和
朱丹溪
张景岳
吴道琼
对痢疾的治疗刘河间指出调气则______行血则______
治疗痢疾则后重自除则便脓自愈
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Text2Ofallthevarietiesofmusicwhichfillourconcerthallstheatersandnightclubsonlyjazzisnative’Americanmusic.Symphoniesandconcertostheancestorsofmovieandtelevisionscoresaswellasof’serious’or’legitimate’electronicmusicwerefirstcomposedinGermany.MusicalcomediesdescendedfromoperawhichwasfirstperformedinItaly.Andourever-popularnightclubsingersarethemusicalheirsoftheFrenchsingersofchansons.TheoneformofmusicwhichdidnotoriginateinEuropeandwhichispopulartodayworldwideisjazz.JazzwasborninNewOrleansthechildoftheBlacks.ItdrewontherhythmsaswellastheemotionalismoftheAfricanmusicofthe’Blackancestorswhichhadbeentransformedintoragtimeandtheblues.Improvisationwasanindispensableelement.Musicianswerepermittedinsoloperformanceplentyoffreedomtoplayinwhatevervariationsjustastheircreativemoodhappenedtoleadthem’along.ButduringtheSwingera1930s--1950simprompturenditionsgavewaytoarrangement.ItwasaperiodwhenjazzhaditswidestpopularappealwiththebigbandsthatboastedofsuchoutstandingbandleadersasDukeEllingtonGlennMillerandawholegalaxyoftop-notchinstrumentalists.Rockmusic’inthe1960sisasociologicalexpressionratherthanamusicalforceandtherockarenawasseenasasortofdebatingforumaplacewhereideasclashandcrashwhereAmericanyoungstersstruggletodefineandredefinetheirfeelingsandbeliefs.BobDylontouchedanerveofdisaffection.Hespokeofcivilrights;nuclearfalloutandloneliness.Hespokeofchangeandofthebewildermentofanoldergeneration.’Something’shappeninghere’hesang.’Youdon’tknowwhatitisdoyouMr.Jones’Othersenteredthedebate.TheBeatlesurgedpeaceandpietywithhumorandmaybealittleofhelpfromdrugs.Feelingsalwaysapartofanymusicalstatementwereamajorsubject.ElvisPresleybecamethepopiconmaybebecauseheactedoutyourwildestfantasiesbroughtoutyoursubduedidembodiedyourfrustratedteenagespiritandencouragedyourprotestagainsttraditionalvalues.Inthissenserockisthemusicofteenagerebellion.Allaspectsofmusic--itsexcitingoffbeatloudnessself-absorbedlyricsandravingdelivery--indicatedadefianceofadultauthority. Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticlesomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsJapanesestudentsseemtobelosingpatiencewithworkunliketheircounterpartsintheUnitedStatesandKorea.Ina1993surveyofcollegestudentsinthethreecountriesonly10%oftheJapaneseregardedworkasaprimaryvaluecomparedwith47%oftheirKoreancounterpartsand27%ofAmericanstudents.41______42______DatacollectedbytheJapanesegovernmentin1993showsthatonly23%ofJapaneseyoutharethinkingaboutsupportingtheiragedparentsincontrastto63%ofyoungAmericans.Itappearsthatmanyyounger-generationJapanesearelosingbothrespectfortheirparentsandasenseofresponsibilitytothefamily.43______TheshifttowardindividualismamongJapaneseismostpronouncedamongtheveryyoung.Accordingto1991datafromtheSeimeiHokenBunkaCenterofJapan50%ofJapaneseyouthaged16to19canbelabeled"self-centered"comparedwith33%amongthoseaged25to29.44______DiminishingsocialresponsibilityaccordingtoYoshizakiistiedtothegrowinginterestinpleasureandpersonalsatisfaction.Astudycomparingsociety-consciousyouthfrom1977to1990foundthattheJapanesehadslippedfarbehindAmericanandAustralianstudents.45_____YoshizakiconcludesthattheentirevaluesystemofJapaneseyouthisundergoingmajortransformationbuttheyoungergenerationhasnotyetfoundaneworganizedvaluesystemtoreplacetheold. A.Toearntheself-centeredlabeltheyoungpeoplerespondedpositivelytosuchideasas"Iwouldliketomakedecisionswithoutconsideringtraditionalvalues"and"Idon’twanttodoanythingIcan’tenjoydoing." B.ComparewiththeoldgenerationtheyoungJapaneseseemsmoretoenjoyliferatherthanworkhard. C.Japaneseyouthisvigorousandfreshbutlacksexperienceinworkandlife. D.AuthorYoshizakiattributesthechangetoJapaneseparents’overindulgenceoftheirchildrenmaterialaffluenceandgrowingconcernforprivatematters. E.Concernforfamilyvaluesiswaning减弱amongyoungerJapaneseastheypursueaninnerworldofprivatesatisfaction. F.Only11%ofJapaneseaged18to24saidtheygetpersonalsatisfactionindoingsomethingonbehalfofsocietyaccordingto1993datafromtheJapanesegovernmentwhilefourtimesasmanyAmericanssaidso. G.AgreaterproportionofJapaneseaged18to24alsopreferredeasyjobswithoutheavyresponsibility. 42
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticlesomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsJapanesestudentsseemtobelosingpatiencewithworkunliketheircounterpartsintheUnitedStatesandKorea.Ina1993surveyofcollegestudentsinthethreecountriesonly10%oftheJapaneseregardedworkasaprimaryvaluecomparedwith47%oftheirKoreancounterpartsand27%ofAmericanstudents.41______42______DatacollectedbytheJapanesegovernmentin1993showsthatonly23%ofJapaneseyoutharethinkingaboutsupportingtheiragedparentsincontrastto63%ofyoungAmericans.Itappearsthatmanyyounger-generationJapanesearelosingbothrespectfortheirparentsandasenseofresponsibilitytothefamily.43______TheshifttowardindividualismamongJapaneseismostpronouncedamongtheveryyoung.Accordingto1991datafromtheSeimeiHokenBunkaCenterofJapan50%ofJapaneseyouthaged16to19canbelabeled"self-centered"comparedwith33%amongthoseaged25to29.44______DiminishingsocialresponsibilityaccordingtoYoshizakiistiedtothegrowinginterestinpleasureandpersonalsatisfaction.Astudycomparingsociety-consciousyouthfrom1977to1990foundthattheJapanesehadslippedfarbehindAmericanandAustralianstudents.45_____YoshizakiconcludesthattheentirevaluesystemofJapaneseyouthisundergoingmajortransformationbuttheyoungergenerationhasnotyetfoundaneworganizedvaluesystemtoreplacetheold. A.Toearntheself-centeredlabeltheyoungpeoplerespondedpositivelytosuchideasas"Iwouldliketomakedecisionswithoutconsideringtraditionalvalues"and"Idon’twanttodoanythingIcan’tenjoydoing." B.ComparewiththeoldgenerationtheyoungJapaneseseemsmoretoenjoyliferatherthanworkhard. C.Japaneseyouthisvigorousandfreshbutlacksexperienceinworkandlife. D.AuthorYoshizakiattributesthechangetoJapaneseparents’overindulgenceoftheirchildrenmaterialaffluenceandgrowingconcernforprivatematters. E.Concernforfamilyvaluesiswaning减弱amongyoungerJapaneseastheypursueaninnerworldofprivatesatisfaction. F.Only11%ofJapaneseaged18to24saidtheygetpersonalsatisfactionindoingsomethingonbehalfofsocietyaccordingto1993datafromtheJapanesegovernmentwhilefourtimesasmanyAmericanssaidso. G.AgreaterproportionofJapaneseaged18to24alsopreferredeasyjobswithoutheavyresponsibility. 44
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.10pointsBothcommonsenseandresearchsaymemorydeclinesovertime.Theaccuracyofrecallandrecognitionareattheirbestimmediatelyafterencodingtheinformationdecliningatfirstrapidlythengradually.46Thelongerthedelaythemorelikelyitisthatinformationobtainedaftertheeventwillinterferewiththeoriginalmemorywhichreducesaccuracy.Admittedlysubsequentinterviewsormediareportscancreatesuchdistortions.47"Peopleareparticularlysusceptibletohavingtheirmemoriesmodifiedwhenthepassageoftimeallowstheoriginalmemorytofade.andwillbemostsusceptibleiftheyrepeatthemisinformationasfact."Leadingquestionscanleadtomistakes.Ifwitnessesareaskedwhethertheoffenderhadabeardtheymayincorporateanimaginarybeardintotheirmemories.Subsequentquestioningcanreinforcetheerrorthroughrepetition.Itisgenerallyagreedthatthememoriesofadultsandchildrenarefallible.Neverthelessevenprschoolerscanformreliablememories.Youngchildrendependoncontexttopromotememoryandnaturallyreportless.Childrenmayrecallmoreinformationwithadequatesupportbutthetypeofsupportandquestioningiscritical.Methodsofdrawingoutinformationhavetobecarefullymonitored.Althoughresearchshowstheaccuracyofbothadultsandchildrencanbeaffectedbyleadingorsuggestivequestionstheabilitytoresisttheinfluenceofexternalsuggestionincreaseswithage.48Childrenmaychangetheiraccountofaneventnotbecausetheirmemoryhasalteredbutbecausetheywishtocomplywiththesuggestionofanadultinauthorityorbecausetheyinterpretrepeatedquestioningasanindicationthattheirfirstresponseisjudgedwrong.Anareaofresearchstillrelativelyunexplorediswhetheryoungchildrenhavedifficultiesdistinguishingbetweenrealandimaginedevents.Weconcludethatwhilechildrenareoftenseenasunreliablewitnessesresearchdoesnotbearthatout.49Thecodeprovidesalternativewaysforchildrentogiveevidencetoincreaseaccuracyandgivesjudgesguidanceonwhattotellajurytohelpassesstheevidenceofveryyoungchildren.Itisgenerallyagreedsomeadultswhoexperiencesexualabusemayrecallmemoriesoftheabuseafterforgettingit.Thereisnoresearchtoindicatetherecalledmemoriesaremoreorlessaccuratethanmemoriesavailableallalong.Webelieveitisimpossibletodistinguishatruefromafalsememoryanditisdangeroustouseconfidencevividnessanddetailasindicatingtruth.50Falsememoriescanbeinducedunderhypnosisandexperimentshaveindicateditispossiblealthoughdifficulttoimplantfalsememoriesofentireeventsbysuggestion.Hopefullyfurtherresearchisrequiredintointerviewtechniquesandconditionsunderwhichfalsememoriesandreportsofabusearemostlikelytoarise.Itseemsthatdecidingwhetheranymemoryistobefinallyassessedasreliableorthetreacherousallyofinventionwilllargelyremainachallengeforjudgesandjuries. Thelongerthedelaythemorelikelyitisthatinformationobtainedaftertheeventwillinterferewiththeoriginalmemorywhichreducesaccuracy.
一贯煎的药物组成是
Text4Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestionitwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflictdefinedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanother’isdistinguishedfromcompetitiondefinedasoppositionamongsocial’entitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingthatisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanotherwhilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofoppositionwhichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperationtheprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresourcesbutconflictisnot.Conflictneverthelessisverylikelytooccurandisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties.Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspeciesonlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneralhoweverthisstruggleinnatureiscompetitionnotconflict.Socialanimalssuchasmonkeysandcattlefighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfightsbutinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancyofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwarbutratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobsmarketsandmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall.Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresourcestradesskillsandasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandprosper;theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothersandthusleadtoconflictitcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconflictamongnationsisinevitablealthoughcompetitionis. ThephrasefunctioninthedisserviceofoneanotherLine7Para.1mostprobablymeans
由于无产阶级的领导根本地改变了革命的面貌引出了阶级关系的新调度农民革命的大发动反帝国主义和反封建主义的彻底性由民主革命转变到社会主义革命的可能性等等所有这些都是在资产阶级领导革命时期不可能出现的因此有人认为无产阶级掌握革命的领导权后革命就由民主主义革命直接转变为社会主义革命 试依据__思想概论的相关理论评析上述观点
Text3 Mostgrowingplantscontainmuchmorewaterthanallothermaterialscombined.C.R.Bameshassuggestedthatitis.aspropertotermtheplantawaterstructureastocallahousecomposedmainlyofbrickabrickbuilding.Certainlyitisthatallessentialprocessesofplantgrowthanddevelopmentoccurinwater.Themineralelementsfromthesoilthatareusablebytheplantmustbedissolvedinthe.soilsolutionbeforetheycanbetakenintotheroot.Theyarecarriedtoallpartsofthegrowingplantsandarebuiltintoessentialplantmaterialswhileinadissolvedstate. ThecarbondioxideCO2fromtheairmayentertheleafasagasbutisdissolvedinwaterintheleafbeforeitiscombinedwithapartofthewatertoformsimplesugars--thebasematerialfromwhichtheplantbodyismainlybuilt.Activelygrowingplantpartsaregenerally75to90percentwater.Structuralpartsofplantssuchaswoodystemsnolongeractivelygrowingmay havemuchlesswaterthangrowingtissues.Theactualamountofwaterintheplantatanyonetimehoweverisonlyaverysmallpartofwhatpassesthroughitduringitsdevelopment.Theprocessesofphotosynthesisbywhichcarbondioxideandwaterarecombined--inthepresenceofchlorophyll叶落素andwithenergyderivedfromlight—toformsugarsrequirethatcarbondioxidefromtheairentertheplant.Thisoccursmainlyintheleaves.Theleafsurfaceisnotsolidbutcontainsgreatnumbersofminuteopeningsthroughwhichthecarbondioxideenters.Thesamestructurethatpermitstheonegastoentertheleafhoweverpermitsanothergas--watervapor--tobelostfromit.Sincecarbondioxideispresentintheaironlyintracequantities3to4partsin10000partsofairandwatervaporisnearsaturationintheairspaceswithintheleafat80°Fsaturatedairwouldcontainabout186partsofwatervaporin10000partsofairthetotalamountofwatervaporlostismanytimesthecarbondioxideintake.Actuallybecauseofwindandotherfactorsthelossofwaterinproportiontocarbondioxideintakemaybeevengreaterthantherelativeconcentrationsofthetwogases.Alsonotallofthecarbondioxidethatenterstheleafissynthesizedintocarbohydrates. AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSI-IEET1.40pointsText1Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionaryflyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulationhighlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.Howevertheideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtotheartseventhoughitmaybevalidforthesciences.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromdifferencesintheirgoals/’Forthesciencesanewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtother01eofdataservingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisverydifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare’sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpowernorisPicasso’spaintingGuernicaprimarilyapropositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeartisticactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthefttranscendsestablishedlimitsbutratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploitinaninnovativewaythelimitsofanexistingformratherthantranscendthatform.Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishesanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield:thecomposerMonteverdiwhocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvaluecomestomind.Moregenerallyhoweverwhetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichaslittlebearingonitsaestheticworth.BecausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganizationsomemusicalworkssuchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerataareofsignalhistoricalimportancebutfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.OntheotherhandMozart’sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthemasterpiecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Ratherhewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits--therulesformsandconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozartHandelandBach--instrikinglyoriginalways. Theauthorconsidersanewtheorythatcoherentlyrelatesdiversephenomenatooneanothertobethe
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsWilliamAppletonauthorofarecentbookentitledFathersandDaughtersbelievesthatitisawoman’srelationshipwithherfather1decideshowsuccessfulshewillbeinher2life.AccordingtoAppletontherearethreeimportantstepsagirlmust3inherrelationshipwithDaddy.The4isthe"littlegirl"stageinwhichthedaughterlovesandidolizesherfather5hewereagodorherowithout6Andherfatherloveshisdaughter7blindlyseeingherasan"oasisofsmiles"inahardcoldworld.Thencomesthesecondstage.Itstartsduringadolescenceand8formanyyears.HerethelittlegirlbeginstorebelagainstDaddyand9hisauthority.Hereactswithangerand10Andthefinalstagecomes11awomanreachestheageofaboutthirty.Atthistimethedaughterseesherfathernot-asahero12asafoolbutlearnstoaccepthim13heisforbetterorworse.AndDaddyforgiveshertoofornotbeingthe14littlegirlhehadoncehopedfor.Butnotalldaughtersgothroughallthreestagesanditisherethatthekeytoawoman’scareer15.Thosegirlswhonevergetpastthefirst"oasisofsmiles"stage16alltheirlivesseekouttheirfathers’loveandapprovalwillnever17inthebusinessworld.Theywillremainatthesecretarial18alltheirlive.Itisonlythosewomenwhogettothefinalstagethosewho19andacceptDaddy’sfaultswhocanevenhopetobe20enoughandindependentenoughtobecomeacandidatefortop-management. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.16
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSI-IEET1.40pointsText1Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionaryflyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulationhighlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.Howevertheideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtotheartseventhoughitmaybevalidforthesciences.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromdifferencesintheirgoals/’Forthesciencesanewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtother01eofdataservingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisverydifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare’sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpowernorisPicasso’spaintingGuernicaprimarilyapropositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeartisticactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthefttranscendsestablishedlimitsbutratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploitinaninnovativewaythelimitsofanexistingformratherthantranscendthatform.Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishesanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield:thecomposerMonteverdiwhocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvaluecomestomind.Moregenerallyhoweverwhetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichaslittlebearingonitsaestheticworth.BecausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganizationsomemusicalworkssuchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerataareofsignalhistoricalimportancebutfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.OntheotherhandMozart’sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthemasterpiecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Ratherhewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits--therulesformsandconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozartHandelandBach--instrikinglyoriginalways. ThepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringallofthefollowingquestionsEXCEPT
Text4Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestionitwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflictdefinedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanother’isdistinguishedfromcompetitiondefinedasoppositionamongsocial’entitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingthatisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanotherwhilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofoppositionwhichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperationtheprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresourcesbutconflictisnot.Conflictneverthelessisverylikelytooccurandisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties.Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspeciesonlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneralhoweverthisstruggleinnatureiscompetitionnotconflict.Socialanimalssuchasmonkeysandcattlefighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfightsbutinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancyofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwarbutratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobsmarketsandmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall.Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresourcestradesskillsandasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandprosper;theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothersandthusleadtoconflictitcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconflictamongnationsisinevitablealthoughcompetitionis. Theauthorindicatesinthepassagethatconflict
连朴饮的药物组成除黄连厚朴外还有
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.10pointsBothcommonsenseandresearchsaymemorydeclinesovertime.Theaccuracyofrecallandrecognitionareattheirbestimmediatelyafterencodingtheinformationdecliningatfirstrapidlythengradually.46Thelongerthedelaythemorelikelyitisthatinformationobtainedaftertheeventwillinterferewiththeoriginalmemorywhichreducesaccuracy.Admittedlysubsequentinterviewsormediareportscancreatesuchdistortions.47"Peopleareparticularlysusceptibletohavingtheirmemoriesmodifiedwhenthepassageoftimeallowstheoriginalmemorytofade.andwillbemostsusceptibleiftheyrepeatthemisinformationasfact."Leadingquestionscanleadtomistakes.Ifwitnessesareaskedwhethertheoffenderhadabeardtheymayincorporateanimaginarybeardintotheirmemories.Subsequentquestioningcanreinforcetheerrorthroughrepetition.Itisgenerallyagreedthatthememoriesofadultsandchildrenarefallible.Neverthelessevenprschoolerscanformreliablememories.Youngchildrendependoncontexttopromotememoryandnaturallyreportless.Childrenmayrecallmoreinformationwithadequatesupportbutthetypeofsupportandquestioningiscritical.Methodsofdrawingoutinformationhavetobecarefullymonitored.Althoughresearchshowstheaccuracyofbothadultsandchildrencanbeaffectedbyleadingorsuggestivequestionstheabilitytoresisttheinfluenceofexternalsuggestionincreaseswithage.48Childrenmaychangetheiraccountofaneventnotbecausetheirmemoryhasalteredbutbecausetheywishtocomplywiththesuggestionofanadultinauthorityorbecausetheyinterpretrepeatedquestioningasanindicationthattheirfirstresponseisjudgedwrong.Anareaofresearchstillrelativelyunexplorediswhetheryoungchildrenhavedifficultiesdistinguishingbetweenrealandimaginedevents.Weconcludethatwhilechildrenareoftenseenasunreliablewitnessesresearchdoesnotbearthatout.49Thecodeprovidesalternativewaysforchildrentogiveevidencetoincreaseaccuracyandgivesjudgesguidanceonwhattotellajurytohelpassesstheevidenceofveryyoungchildren.Itisgenerallyagreedsomeadultswhoexperiencesexualabusemayrecallmemoriesoftheabuseafterforgettingit.Thereisnoresearchtoindicatetherecalledmemoriesaremoreorlessaccuratethanmemoriesavailableallalong.Webelieveitisimpossibletodistinguishatruefromafalsememoryanditisdangeroustouseconfidencevividnessanddetailasindicatingtruth.50Falsememoriescanbeinducedunderhypnosisandexperimentshaveindicateditispossiblealthoughdifficulttoimplantfalsememoriesofentireeventsbysuggestion.Hopefullyfurtherresearchisrequiredintointerviewtechniquesandconditionsunderwhichfalsememoriesandreportsofabusearemostlikelytoarise.Itseemsthatdecidingwhetheranymemoryistobefinallyassessedasreliableorthetreacherousallyofinventionwilllargelyremainachallengeforjudgesandjuries. Childrenmaychangetheiraccountofaneventnotbecausetheirmemoryhasalteredbutbecausetheywishtocomplywiththesuggestionofanadultinauthorityorbecausetheyinterpretrepeatedquestioningasanindicationthattheirfirstresponseisjudgedwrong.
Text2Ofallthevarietiesofmusicwhichfillourconcerthallstheatersandnightclubsonlyjazzisnative’Americanmusic.Symphoniesandconcertostheancestorsofmovieandtelevisionscoresaswellasof’serious’or’legitimate’electronicmusicwerefirstcomposedinGermany.MusicalcomediesdescendedfromoperawhichwasfirstperformedinItaly.Andourever-popularnightclubsingersarethemusicalheirsoftheFrenchsingersofchansons.TheoneformofmusicwhichdidnotoriginateinEuropeandwhichispopulartodayworldwideisjazz.JazzwasborninNewOrleansthechildoftheBlacks.ItdrewontherhythmsaswellastheemotionalismoftheAfricanmusicofthe’Blackancestorswhichhadbeentransformedintoragtimeandtheblues.Improvisationwasanindispensableelement.Musicianswerepermittedinsoloperformanceplentyoffreedomtoplayinwhatevervariationsjustastheircreativemoodhappenedtoleadthem’along.ButduringtheSwingera1930s--1950simprompturenditionsgavewaytoarrangement.ItwasaperiodwhenjazzhaditswidestpopularappealwiththebigbandsthatboastedofsuchoutstandingbandleadersasDukeEllingtonGlennMillerandawholegalaxyoftop-notchinstrumentalists.Rockmusic’inthe1960sisasociologicalexpressionratherthanamusicalforceandtherockarenawasseenasasortofdebatingforumaplacewhereideasclashandcrashwhereAmericanyoungstersstruggletodefineandredefinetheirfeelingsandbeliefs.BobDylontouchedanerveofdisaffection.Hespokeofcivilrights;nuclearfalloutandloneliness.Hespokeofchangeandofthebewildermentofanoldergeneration.’Something’shappeninghere’hesang.’Youdon’tknowwhatitisdoyouMr.Jones’Othersenteredthedebate.TheBeatlesurgedpeaceandpietywithhumorandmaybealittleofhelpfromdrugs.Feelingsalwaysapartofanymusicalstatementwereamajorsubject.ElvisPresleybecamethepopiconmaybebecauseheactedoutyourwildestfantasiesbroughtoutyoursubduedidembodiedyourfrustratedteenagespiritandencouragedyourprotestagainsttraditionalvalues.Inthissenserockisthemusicofteenagerebellion.Allaspectsofmusic--itsexcitingoffbeatloudnessself-absorbedlyricsandravingdelivery--indicatedadefianceofadultauthority. Accordingtothepassageimprovisationwasmostpopular
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsWilliamAppletonauthorofarecentbookentitledFathersandDaughtersbelievesthatitisawoman’srelationshipwithherfather1decideshowsuccessfulshewillbeinher2life.AccordingtoAppletontherearethreeimportantstepsagirlmust3inherrelationshipwithDaddy.The4isthe"littlegirl"stageinwhichthedaughterlovesandidolizesherfather5hewereagodorherowithout6Andherfatherloveshisdaughter7blindlyseeingherasan"oasisofsmiles"inahardcoldworld.Thencomesthesecondstage.Itstartsduringadolescenceand8formanyyears.HerethelittlegirlbeginstorebelagainstDaddyand9hisauthority.Hereactswithangerand10Andthefinalstagecomes11awomanreachestheageofaboutthirty.Atthistimethedaughterseesherfathernot-asahero12asafoolbutlearnstoaccepthim13heisforbetterorworse.AndDaddyforgiveshertoofornotbeingthe14littlegirlhehadoncehopedfor.Butnotalldaughtersgothroughallthreestagesanditisherethatthekeytoawoman’scareer15.Thosegirlswhonevergetpastthefirst"oasisofsmiles"stage16alltheirlivesseekouttheirfathers’loveandapprovalwillnever17inthebusinessworld.Theywillremainatthesecretarial18alltheirlive.Itisonlythosewomenwhogettothefinalstagethosewho19andacceptDaddy’sfaultswhocanevenhopetobe20enoughandindependentenoughtobecomeacandidatefortop-management. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.14
Text2Ofallthevarietiesofmusicwhichfillourconcerthallstheatersandnightclubsonlyjazzisnative’Americanmusic.Symphoniesandconcertostheancestorsofmovieandtelevisionscoresaswellasof’serious’or’legitimate’electronicmusicwerefirstcomposedinGermany.MusicalcomediesdescendedfromoperawhichwasfirstperformedinItaly.Andourever-popularnightclubsingersarethemusicalheirsoftheFrenchsingersofchansons.TheoneformofmusicwhichdidnotoriginateinEuropeandwhichispopulartodayworldwideisjazz.JazzwasborninNewOrleansthechildoftheBlacks.ItdrewontherhythmsaswellastheemotionalismoftheAfricanmusicofthe’Blackancestorswhichhadbeentransformedintoragtimeandtheblues.Improvisationwasanindispensableelement.Musicianswerepermittedinsoloperformanceplentyoffreedomtoplayinwhatevervariationsjustastheircreativemoodhappenedtoleadthem’along.ButduringtheSwingera1930s--1950simprompturenditionsgavewaytoarrangement.ItwasaperiodwhenjazzhaditswidestpopularappealwiththebigbandsthatboastedofsuchoutstandingbandleadersasDukeEllingtonGlennMillerandawholegalaxyoftop-notchinstrumentalists.Rockmusic’inthe1960sisasociologicalexpressionratherthanamusicalforceandtherockarenawasseenasasortofdebatingforumaplacewhereideasclashandcrashwhereAmericanyoungstersstruggletodefineandredefinetheirfeelingsandbeliefs.BobDylontouchedanerveofdisaffection.Hespokeofcivilrights;nuclearfalloutandloneliness.Hespokeofchangeandofthebewildermentofanoldergeneration.’Something’shappeninghere’hesang.’Youdon’tknowwhatitisdoyouMr.Jones’Othersenteredthedebate.TheBeatlesurgedpeaceandpietywithhumorandmaybealittleofhelpfromdrugs.Feelingsalwaysapartofanymusicalstatementwereamajorsubject.ElvisPresleybecamethepopiconmaybebecauseheactedoutyourwildestfantasiesbroughtoutyoursubduedidembodiedyourfrustratedteenagespiritandencouragedyourprotestagainsttraditionalvalues.Inthissenserockisthemusicofteenagerebellion.Allaspectsofmusic--itsexcitingoffbeatloudnessself-absorbedlyricsandravingdelivery--indicatedadefianceofadultauthority. Accordingtothepassagerockdominthesixtieswasseenas
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsWilliamAppletonauthorofarecentbookentitledFathersandDaughtersbelievesthatitisawoman’srelationshipwithherfather1decideshowsuccessfulshewillbeinher2life.AccordingtoAppletontherearethreeimportantstepsagirlmust3inherrelationshipwithDaddy.The4isthe"littlegirl"stageinwhichthedaughterlovesandidolizesherfather5hewereagodorherowithout6Andherfatherloveshisdaughter7blindlyseeingherasan"oasisofsmiles"inahardcoldworld.Thencomesthesecondstage.Itstartsduringadolescenceand8formanyyears.HerethelittlegirlbeginstorebelagainstDaddyand9hisauthority.Hereactswithangerand10Andthefinalstagecomes11awomanreachestheageofaboutthirty.Atthistimethedaughterseesherfathernot-asahero12asafoolbutlearnstoaccepthim13heisforbetterorworse.AndDaddyforgiveshertoofornotbeingthe14littlegirlhehadoncehopedfor.Butnotalldaughtersgothroughallthreestagesanditisherethatthekeytoawoman’scareer15.Thosegirlswhonevergetpastthefirst"oasisofsmiles"stage16alltheirlivesseekouttheirfathers’loveandapprovalwillnever17inthebusinessworld.Theywillremainatthesecretarial18alltheirlive.Itisonlythosewomenwhogettothefinalstagethosewho19andacceptDaddy’sfaultswhocanevenhopetobe20enoughandindependentenoughtobecomeacandidatefortop-management. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.12
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsWilliamAppletonauthorofarecentbookentitledFathersandDaughtersbelievesthatitisawoman’srelationshipwithherfather1decideshowsuccessfulshewillbeinher2life.AccordingtoAppletontherearethreeimportantstepsagirlmust3inherrelationshipwithDaddy.The4isthe"littlegirl"stageinwhichthedaughterlovesandidolizesherfather5hewereagodorherowithout6Andherfatherloveshisdaughter7blindlyseeingherasan"oasisofsmiles"inahardcoldworld.Thencomesthesecondstage.Itstartsduringadolescenceand8formanyyears.HerethelittlegirlbeginstorebelagainstDaddyand9hisauthority.Hereactswithangerand10Andthefinalstagecomes11awomanreachestheageofaboutthirty.Atthistimethedaughterseesherfathernot-asahero12asafoolbutlearnstoaccepthim13heisforbetterorworse.AndDaddyforgiveshertoofornotbeingthe14littlegirlhehadoncehopedfor.Butnotalldaughtersgothroughallthreestagesanditisherethatthekeytoawoman’scareer15.Thosegirlswhonevergetpastthefirst"oasisofsmiles"stage16alltheirlivesseekouttheirfathers’loveandapprovalwillnever17inthebusinessworld.Theywillremainatthesecretarial18alltheirlives.Itisonlythosewomenwhogettothefinalstagethosewho19andacceptDaddy’sfaultswhocanevenhopetobe20enoughandindependentenoughtobecomeacandidatefortop-management. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.2
Outline 1.Theschoolactivitiesannouncementsonthecampus. 2.Thefirstgrouptakespartintheseactivitiesactivelyforvariousreasons. 3.Thesecondgroupspendtheirtimedifferently. 4.Yourpreference.
Text3 Mostgrowingplantscontainmuchmorewaterthanallothermaterialscombined.C.R.Bameshassuggestedthatitis.aspropertotermtheplantawaterstructureastocallahousecomposedmainlyofbrickabrickbuilding.Certainlyitisthatallessentialprocessesofplantgrowthanddevelopmentoccurinwater.Themineralelementsfromthesoilthatareusablebytheplantmustbedissolvedinthe.soilsolutionbeforetheycanbetakenintotheroot.Theyarecarriedtoallpartsofthegrowingplantsandarebuiltintoessentialplantmaterialswhileinadissolvedstate. ThecarbondioxideCO2fromtheairmayentertheleafasagasbutisdissolvedinwaterintheleafbeforeitiscombinedwithapartofthewatertoformsimplesugars--thebasematerialfromwhichtheplantbodyismainlybuilt.Activelygrowingplantpartsaregenerally75to90percentwater.Structuralpartsofplantssuchaswoodystemsnolongeractivelygrowingmay havemuchlesswaterthangrowingtissues.Theactualamountofwaterintheplantatanyonetimehoweverisonlyaverysmallpartofwhatpassesthroughitduringitsdevelopment.Theprocessesofphotosynthesisbywhichcarbondioxideandwaterarecombined--inthepresenceofchlorophyll叶落素andwithenergyderivedfromlight—toformsugarsrequirethatcarbondioxidefromtheairentertheplant.Thisoccursmainlyintheleaves.Theleafsurfaceisnotsolidbutcontainsgreatnumbersofminuteopeningsthroughwhichthecarbondioxideenters.Thesamestructurethatpermitstheonegastoentertheleafhoweverpermitsanothergas--watervapor--tobelostfromit.Sincecarbondioxideispresentintheaironlyintracequantities3to4partsin10000partsofairandwatervaporisnearsaturationintheairspaceswithintheleafat80°Fsaturatedairwouldcontainabout186partsofwatervaporin10000partsofairthetotalamountofwatervaporlostismanytimesthecarbondioxideintake.Actuallybecauseofwindandotherfactorsthelossofwaterinproportiontocarbondioxideintakemaybeevengreaterthantherelativeconcentrationsofthetwogases.Alsonotallofthecarbondioxidethatenterstheleafissynthesizedintocarbohydrates. Theprimaryideaofthepassageis
本题为选做题请在ⅠⅡ两道试题中选取其中一道作答若两题都回答只按第Ⅰ道试题的成绩记入总分 选做题Ⅰ 材料1 图瓦卢的一万多国民或许刚刚听完一项有关全球变暖的宣言这项宣言可能关乎他们的生死存亡 APEC首脑会议关于气候变化能源安全和清洁发展的宣言说到2030年将亚太地区能源强度在2005年的基础上至少降低25%据知这是APEC首脑会议首．次就全球变暖问题发表宣言 图瓦卢岛国的居民们不知是否该为此轻轻地舒展一口气 由于位于南太平洋的图瓦卢群岛面积狭小地势低洼有专家半开玩笑说当全球的人们将家中所有的灯都打开时所消耗的能源融化的冰雪就可能使图瓦卢在升高的海平面中遭遇灭顶之灾 ——中国新闻网2007年9月8日文章APEC关于气候问题的宣言能拯救图瓦卢吗 材料2 近年来环境污染和气候变化对人类的威胁日益引起国际社会的重视并逐渐成为有别于传统安全观的政治话题欧盟近期一再在国际重大场合充当环保急先锋不遗余力地在联合国八国峰会等国际场合渲染环境问题的政治色彩希望以气候牌作为自身的特色外交把欧盟商品的高环保标准和排放权交易机制作为范本加以推广欧盟围绕节能减排妁气候秀不仅是针对减少对外能源依赖改善自身能源安全交出的答卷更蕴含着欧盟力图掀起一场以高能效低排放为核心的新工业革命的野心而美国作为尚来签署京都议定书的世界第一排放大国为摆脱在应对全球气候变化上日益增加的内外压力也不时在环保问题上做出高姿态推销自身颇具优势的太阳能风能和生物能产品为政府大力投资的可替代能源研究收回成本 ——摘自光明日报2007年6月4日欧美为何争做气候秀 请回答 1结合材料2说明欧美围绕全球应对气候变暖政策主导权争夺的实质是什么 2结合材料12说明如何解决气候变化这一全球问题 选做题Ⅱ 阅读材料回答问题 材料1 我国GDP增长率连续4年超过10%但快速发展背后也有隐忧能源资源消耗高浪费严重其中单位GDP能耗相当于世界平均水平的3倍全国2000个国有煤矿的煤炭回采率平均只有45%左右科技进步对经济增长的贡献率远低于发达国家水平 材料2 __在2007年政府工作报告中提出国内生产总值增长8%左右的目标综合考虑了多种因素更重要的是要引导各方面认真落实科学发展观防止片面追求和盲目攀比增长速度实现经济又好又快发展从又快又好到又好又快表明我国经济发展进入一个新阶段真正步入科学发展的轨道要着力调整经济结构和转变增长方式加强资源节约和环境保护促进社会发展和改善使速度质量效益相协调消费投资出口相协调人口资源环境相协调 请回答 1运用矛盾分析法说明应如何正确认识和处理经济发展中好与快的辩证关系 2结合十七大报告精神请你谈谈如何促进国民经济又好又快发展
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsWilliamAppletonauthorofarecentbookentitledFathersandDaughtersbelievesthatitisawoman’srelationshipwithherfather1decideshowsuccessfulshewillbeinher2life.AccordingtoAppletontherearethreeimportantstepsagirlmust3inherrelationshipwithDaddy.The4isthe"littlegirl"stageinwhichthedaughterlovesandidolizesherfather5hewereagodorherowithout6Andherfatherloveshisdaughter7blindlyseeingherasan"oasisofsmiles"inahardcoldworld.Thencomesthesecondstage.Itstartsduringadolescenceand8formanyyears.HerethelittlegirlbeginstorebelagainstDaddyand9hisauthority.Hereactswithangerand10Andthefinalstagecomes11awomanreachestheageofaboutthirty.Atthistimethedaughterseesherfathernot-asahero12asafoolbutlearnstoaccepthim13heisforbetterorworse.AndDaddyforgiveshertoofornotbeingthe14littlegirlhehadoncehopedfor.Butnotalldaughtersgothroughallthreestagesanditisherethatthekeytoawoman’scareer15.Thosegirlswhonevergetpastthefirst"oasisofsmiles"stage16alltheirlivesseekouttheirfathers’loveandapprovalwillnever17inthebusinessworld.Theywillremainatthesecretarial18alltheirlive.Itisonlythosewomenwhogettothefinalstagethosewho19andacceptDaddy’sfaultswhocanevenhopetobe20enoughandindependentenoughtobecomeacandidatefortop-management. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsWilliamAppletonauthorofarecentbookentitledFathersandDaughtersbelievesthatitisawoman’srelationshipwithherfather1decideshowsuccessfulshewillbeinher2life.AccordingtoAppletontherearethreeimportantstepsagirlmust3inherrelationshipwithDaddy.The4isthe"littlegirl"stageinwhichthedaughterlovesandidolizesherfather5hewereagodorherowithout6Andherfatherloveshisdaughter7blindlyseeingherasan"oasisofsmiles"inahardcoldworld.Thencomesthesecondstage.Itstartsduringadolescenceand8formanyyears.HerethelittlegirlbeginstorebelagainstDaddyand9hisauthority.Hereactswithangerand10Andthefinalstagecomes11awomanreachestheageofaboutthirty.Atthistimethedaughterseesherfathernot-asahero12asafoolbutlearnstoaccepthim13heisforbetterorworse.AndDaddyforgiveshertoofornotbeingthe14littlegirlhehadoncehopedfor.Butnotalldaughtersgothroughallthreestagesanditisherethatthekeytoawoman’scareer15.Thosegirlswhonevergetpastthefirst"oasisofsmiles"stage16alltheirlivesseekouttheirfathers’loveandapprovalwillnever17inthebusinessworld.Theywillremainatthesecretarial18alltheirlive.Itisonlythosewomenwhogettothefinalstagethosewho19andacceptDaddy’sfaultswhocanevenhopetobe20enoughandindependentenoughtobecomeacandidatefortop-management. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.18
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsWilliamAppletonauthorofarecentbookentitledFathersandDaughtersbelievesthatitisawoman’srelationshipwithherfather1decideshowsuccessfulshewillbeinher2life.AccordingtoAppletontherearethreeimportantstepsagirlmust3inherrelationshipwithDaddy.The4isthe"littlegirl"stageinwhichthedaughterlovesandidolizesherfather5hewereagodorherowithout6Andherfatherloveshisdaughter7blindlyseeingherasan"oasisofsmiles"inahardcoldworld.Thencomesthesecondstage.Itstartsduringadolescenceand8formanyyears.HerethelittlegirlbeginstorebelagainstDaddyand9hisauthority.Hereactswithangerand10Andthefinalstagecomes11awomanreachestheageofaboutthirty.Atthistimethedaughterseesherfathernot-asahero12asafoolbutlearnstoaccepthim13heisforbetterorworse.AndDaddyforgiveshertoofornotbeingthe14littlegirlhehadoncehopedfor.Butnotalldaughtersgothroughallthreestagesanditisherethatthekeytoawoman’scareer15.Thosegirlswhonevergetpastthefirst"oasisofsmiles"stage16alltheirlivesseekouttheirfathers’loveandapprovalwillnever17inthebusinessworld.Theywillremainatthesecretarial18alltheirlive.Itisonlythosewomenwhogettothefinalstagethosewho19andacceptDaddy’sfaultswhocanevenhopetobe20enoughandindependentenoughtobecomeacandidatefortop-management. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.6
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.10pointsBothcommonsenseandresearchsaymemorydeclinesovertime.Theaccuracyofrecallandrecognitionareattheirbestimmediatelyafterencodingtheinformationdecliningatfirstrapidlythengradually.46Thelongerthedelaythemorelikelyitisthatinformationobtainedaftertheeventwillinterferewiththeoriginalmemorywhichreducesaccuracy.Admittedlysubsequentinterviewsormediareportscancreatesuchdistortions.47"Peopleareparticularlysusceptibletohavingtheirmemoriesmodifiedwhenthepassageoftimeallowstheoriginalmemorytofade.andwillbemostsusceptibleiftheyrepeatthemisinformationasfact."Leadingquestionscanleadtomistakes.Ifwitnessesareaskedwhethertheoffenderhadabeardtheymayincorporateanimaginarybeardintotheirmemories.Subsequentquestioningcanreinforcetheerrorthroughrepetition.Itisgenerallyagreedthatthememoriesofadultsandchildrenarefallible.Neverthelessevenprschoolerscanformreliablememories.Youngchildrendependoncontexttopromotememoryandnaturallyreportless.Childrenmayrecallmoreinformationwithadequatesupportbutthetypeofsupportandquestioningiscritical.Methodsofdrawingoutinformationhavetobecarefullymonitored.Althoughresearchshowstheaccuracyofbothadultsandchildrencanbeaffectedbyleadingorsuggestivequestionstheabilitytoresisttheinfluenceofexternalsuggestionincreaseswithage.48Childrenmaychangetheiraccountofaneventnotbecausetheirmemoryhasalteredbutbecausetheywishtocomplywiththesuggestionofanadultinauthorityorbecausetheyinterpretrepeatedquestioningasanindicationthattheirfirstresponseisjudgedwrong.Anareaofresearchstillrelativelyunexplorediswhetheryoungchildrenhavedifficultiesdistinguishingbetweenrealandimaginedevents.Weconcludethatwhilechildrenareoftenseenasunreliablewitnessesresearchdoesnotbearthatout.49Thecodeprovidesalternativewaysforchildrentogiveevidencetoincreaseaccuracyandgivesjudgesguidanceonwhattotellajurytohelpassesstheevidenceofveryyoungchildren.Itisgenerallyagreedsomeadultswhoexperiencesexualabusemayrecallmemoriesoftheabuseafterforgettingit.Thereisnoresearchtoindicatetherecalledmemoriesaremoreorlessaccuratethanmemoriesavailableallalong.Webelieveitisimpossibletodistinguishatruefromafalsememoryanditisdangeroustouseconfidencevividnessanddetailasindicatingtruth.50Falsememoriescanbeinducedunderhypnosisandexperimentshaveindicateditispossiblealthoughdifficulttoimplantfalsememoriesofentireeventsbysuggestion.Hopefullyfurtherresearchisrequiredintointerviewtechniquesandconditionsunderwhichfalsememoriesandreportsofabusearemostlikelytoarise.Itseemsthatdecidingwhetheranymemoryistobefinallyassessedasreliableorthetreacherousallyofinventionwilllargelyremainachallengeforjudgesandjuries. Falsememoriescanbeinducedunderhypnosisandexperimentshaveindicateditispossiblealthoughdifficulttoimplantfalsememoriesofentireeventsbysuggestion
Text4Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestionitwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflictdefinedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanother’isdistinguishedfromcompetitiondefinedasoppositionamongsocial’entitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingthatisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanotherwhilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofoppositionwhichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperationtheprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresourcesbutconflictisnot.Conflictneverthelessisverylikelytooccurandisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties.Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspeciesonlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneralhoweverthisstruggleinnatureiscompetitionnotconflict.Socialanimalssuchasmonkeysandcattlefighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfightsbutinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancyofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwarbutratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobsmarketsandmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall.Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresourcestradesskillsandasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandprosper;theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothersandthusleadtoconflictitcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconflictamongnationsisinevitablealthoughcompetitionis. Inthefirstparagraphwhydoestheauthorgivethe-definitionsofsometerms
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsWilliamAppletonauthorofarecentbookentitledFathersandDaughtersbelievesthatitisawoman’srelationshipwithherfather1decideshowsuccessfulshewillbeinher2life.AccordingtoAppletontherearethreeimportantstepsagirlmust3inherrelationshipwithDaddy.The4isthe"littlegirl"stageinwhichthedaughterlovesandidolizesherfather5hewereagodorherowithout6Andherfatherloveshisdaughter7blindlyseeingherasan"oasisofsmiles"inahardcoldworld.Thencomesthesecondstage.Itstartsduringadolescenceand8formanyyears.HerethelittlegirlbeginstorebelagainstDaddyand9hisauthority.Hereactswithangerand10Andthefinalstagecomes11awomanreachestheageofaboutthirty.Atthistimethedaughterseesherfathernot-asahero12asafoolbutlearnstoaccepthim13heisforbetterorworse.AndDaddyforgiveshertoofornotbeingthe14littlegirlhehadoncehopedfor.Butnotalldaughtersgothroughallthreestagesanditisherethatthekeytoawoman’scareer15.Thosegirlswhonevergetpastthefirst"oasisofsmiles"stage16alltheirlivesseekouttheirfathers’loveandapprovalwillnever17inthebusinessworld.Theywillremainatthesecretarial18alltheirlive.Itisonlythosewomenwhogettothefinalstagethosewho19andacceptDaddy’sfaultswhocanevenhopetobe20enoughandindependentenoughtobecomeacandidatefortop-management. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.4
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsWilliamAppletonauthorofarecentbookentitledFathersandDaughtersbelievesthatitisawoman’srelationshipwithherfather1decideshowsuccessfulshewillbeinher2life.AccordingtoAppletontherearethreeimportantstepsagirlmust3inherrelationshipwithDaddy.The4isthe"littlegirl"stageinwhichthedaughterlovesandidolizesherfather5hewereagodorherowithout6Andherfatherloveshisdaughter7blindlyseeingherasan"oasisofsmiles"inahardcoldworld.Thencomesthesecondstage.Itstartsduringadolescenceand8formanyyears.HerethelittlegirlbeginstorebelagainstDaddyand9hisauthority.Hereactswithangerand10Andthefinalstagecomes11awomanreachestheageofaboutthirty.Atthistimethedaughterseesherfathernot-asahero12asafoolbutlearnstoaccepthim13heisforbetterorworse.AndDaddyforgiveshertoofornotbeingthe14littlegirlhehadoncehopedfor.Butnotalldaughtersgothroughallthreestagesanditisherethatthekeytoawoman’scareer15.Thosegirlswhonevergetpastthefirst"oasisofsmiles"stage16alltheirlivesseekouttheirfathers’loveandapprovalwillnever17inthebusinessworld.Theywillremainatthesecretarial18alltheirlive.Itisonlythosewomenwhogettothefinalstagethosewho19andacceptDaddy’sfaultswhocanevenhopetobe20enoughandindependentenoughtobecomeacandidatefortop-management. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.20
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsWilliamAppletonauthorofarecentbookentitledFathersandDaughtersbelievesthatitisawoman’srelationshipwithherfather1decideshowsuccessfulshewillbeinher2life.AccordingtoAppletontherearethreeimportantstepsagirlmust3inherrelationshipwithDaddy.The4isthe"littlegirl"stageinwhichthedaughterlovesandidolizesherfather5hewereagodorherowithout6Andherfatherloveshisdaughter7blindlyseeingherasan"oasisofsmiles"inahardcoldworld.Thencomesthesecondstage.Itstartsduringadolescenceand8formanyyears.HerethelittlegirlbeginstorebelagainstDaddyand9hisauthority.Hereactswithangerand10Andthefinalstagecomes11awomanreachestheageofaboutthirty.Atthistimethedaughterseesherfathernot-asahero12asafoolbutlearnstoaccepthim13heisforbetterorworse.AndDaddyforgiveshertoofornotbeingthe14littlegirlhehadoncehopedfor.Butnotalldaughtersgothroughallthreestagesanditisherethatthekeytoawoman’scareer15.Thosegirlswhonevergetpastthefirst"oasisofsmiles"stage16alltheirlivesseekouttheirfathers’loveandapprovalwillnever17inthebusinessworld.Theywillremainatthesecretarial18alltheirlive.Itisonlythosewomenwhogettothefinalstagethosewho19andacceptDaddy’sfaultswhocanevenhopetobe20enoughandindependentenoughtobecomeacandidatefortop-management. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.8
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