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《麦地那宪章》
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成为yī sī lán jiāo 圣地的是
麦加
麦地那
巴格达
阿拉伯半岛
以下不是yī sī lán jiāo 圣地的是
麦加
麦地那
耶路撒冷
巴格达
穆罕默德归真后葬于
麦加
麦地那
耶路撒冷
罗马
被称为yī sī lán jiāo 第一圣城的是
麦地那
麦加
耶路撒冷
利雅得
三教圣城是
耶路撒冷
麦加
麦地那
瓦拉那西
yī sī lán jiāo 圣地
麦加
麦地那
耶路撒冷
以上都是
阿拔斯王朝的首都是
麦地那
大马士革
巴格达
耶路撒冷
关于麦地那龙线虫下列说法错误的是
粪便检查虫卵是诊断的主要依据
诊断麦地那龙线虫感染还可用皮内试验或用冻干幼虫固相抗原进行IFA检测特异性抗体
自伤口处获取伸出的雌虫是诊断麦地那龙线虫病主要的确诊依据
成虫细长，乳白色，雌虫长60～120cm，宽0.9～2mm
本虫致病主要是由于雌虫移行至皮肤时所释放的幼虫及大量代谢产物，引起宿主组织强烈的变态反应
读麦地那年内各月气温和降水量图下图麦地那的气候类型是
热带雨林气候
地中海气候
温带季风气候
热带沙漠气候
yī sī lán jiāo 最神圣的城市和圣地指
耶路撒冷
麦加
麦地那
西奈山
yī sī lán jiāo jī dū jiāo 和yóu tài jiāo 都称之为圣城的是
耶路撒冷
麦加
瓦拉那西
麦地那
yóu tài jiāo 的圣地是
麦加
麦地那
耶路撒冷
卡萨布兰卡
关于麦地那龙线虫下列说法错误的是
粪便检查虫卵是诊断的主要依据
诊断麦地那龙线虫感染还可用皮内试验或用冻干幼虫固相抗原进行IFA检测特异性抗体
自伤口处获取伸出的雌虫是诊断麦地那龙线虫病主要的确诊依据
成虫细长,乳白色,雌虫长60~120cm,宽0.9~2mm
本虫致病主要是由于雌虫移行至皮肤时所释放的幼虫及大量代谢产物,引起宿主组织强烈的变态反应
至圣岁时为圣岁时登宵岁时迁往麦地那岁归真共传教年
fó jiāo 圣地是
麦加
麦地那
耶路撒冷
兰毗尼
斯兰教的圣地是
麦加
巴格达
耶路撒冷
麦地那
关于麦地那龙线虫下列说法错误的是
粪便检查虫卵是诊断的主要依据
诊断麦地那龙线虫感染还可用皮内试验或用冻干幼虫固相抗原进行IFA检测特异性抗体
自伤口处获取伸出的雌虫是诊断麦地那龙线虫病主要的确诊依据
成虫细长，乳白色，雌虫长60～120cm，宽0.9～2mm
本虫致病主要是由于雌虫移行至皮肤时所释放的幼虫及大量代谢产物，引起宿主组织强烈的变态反应
穆斯林履行朝功朝圣的地方是
麦加
麦地那
巴格达
古莱西
622年______________到达麦地那创立政教合一的神权国家
yī sī lán jiāo 的经典为
《shèng jīng 》
《古兰经》
《圣训》
《约书》
《麦地那宪章》
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旨在刺激出口的政策可以影响
为什么说企业最优决策的基本规则是边际成本等于边际收益
偏好原则
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticlesomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwo.extrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsHere’safamiliarversionoftheboy-meets-girlsituation.Ayoungmanhasatlastpluckedupcouragetoinviteadazzlingyoungladyouttodinner.Shehasacceptedhisinvitationandheisoverjoyed.Heisdeterminedtotakehertothebestrestaurantintownevenifitmeansthathewillhavetoliveonmemoriesandhopesduringthemonthtocome.Whentheygettotherestauranthediscoversthatthisetherial轻飘的creatureisonadiet.Shemustn’teatthisandshemustn’tthat.Ohbutofcourseshedoesn’twanttospoilhisenjoyment.Lethimbyallmeanseatasmuchfatteningfoodashewants:it’sthesurestwaytoanearlygrave.41______42______.Theyspendmostoftheirtimeturningtheirnosesupatfood.Theyareforeverconsultingcalorie卡路里charts;gazingatthemselvesinmirrors;andleapingontoweighing-machinesinthebathroom.Theyspendalifetimefightingalosingbattleagainstspreadinghipsprotrudingtummiesanddoublechins.Somewageall-outwaronFAT.Meredietingisnotenough.Theyexhaustthemselvesdoingexercisessweatinginsaunabathsbeingpummelledandmassagedbyweirdmachines.Thereallywealthydiet-mongerspayvastsumsfor’healthcures’.Fortwoweekstheycanenteranatureclinicandbestarvedtodeathforahundredguineasaweek.Don’tthinkit’sonlythemiddle-agedwhogoinforthesefadseither.43______44______wellforonethingthey’realwayshungry.Youcan’tbehungryandhappyatthesametime.Allthehorribleconcoctionstheyeatinsteadoffoodleavethempermanentlydissatisfied.’Wonderfoodisacompletefoodtheadvertisementsays.’Justdissolveateaspoonfulinwater...’Acompletefooditmaybebutnotquiteascompleteasajuicysteak.Andofcoursethey’realwaysmiserablebecausetheyfeelsoguilty.Hungerjustprovestoomuchforthemandintheendtheylashoutanddevourfivehugeguilt-inducingcreamcakesatasitting.AndwhocanblamethemAtleastthreetimesadaytheyareexposedtotemptation.45______What’sallthisself-inflictedtortureforSaintlypeopledeprivethemselvesoffoodtoattainastateofgrace.Unsaintlypeopledosotoattainastateofmisery.Itwillbeagreatdaywhenallthedietersintheworldabandontheirslimmingcourses;whentheyhatdouttheirplatesanddemandsecondhelpings! A.Manyoftheseb.rightyoungthingsyouseearesufferingfromchronicmalnutrition:theyarelivingonnothingbutairwaterandthegoodwillofGod. B.Dietersdeprivethemselvesof’deliciousfoodtoattainagracestaturebutsomepeoplethinkitismiserableandfoolishforthemtodoso. C.Dietersundertaketostarvefftemselvesoftheirownfreewill;sowhyaretheysomiserable D.Theyspendatrulymemorableeveningtogetherandneverseeeachotheragain. E.Whatanuttertortureitis’alwayswatchingotherstuckingintopilesofmouth-wateringfoodwhileyoumunchawaterbiscuitandsipunsweetenedlemonjuice! F.Peoplewhoareonadietmustn’thavechocolateandthisishardforsomegirls. G.Whatamiserablelotofdietersare!Youcanalwaysrecognisethemfromthesourexpressionontheirfaces. 44
虚金本位制
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticlesomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwo.extrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsHere’safamiliarversionoftheboy-meets-girlsituation.Ayoungmanhasatlastpluckedupcouragetoinviteadazzlingyoungladyouttodinner.Shehasacceptedhisinvitationandheisoverjoyed.Heisdeterminedtotakehertothebestrestaurantintownevenifitmeansthathewillhavetoliveonmemoriesandhopesduringthemonthtocome.Whentheygettotherestauranthediscoversthatthisetherial轻飘的creatureisonadiet.Shemustn’teatthisandshemustn’tthat.Ohbutofcourseshedoesn’twanttospoilhisenjoyment.Lethimbyallmeanseatasmuchfatteningfoodashewants:it’sthesurestwaytoanearlygrave.41______42______.Theyspendmostoftheirtimeturningtheirnosesupatfood.Theyareforeverconsultingcalorie卡路里charts;gazingatthemselvesinmirrors;andleapingontoweighing-machinesinthebathroom.Theyspendalifetimefightingalosingbattleagainstspreadinghipsprotrudingtummiesanddoublechins.Somewageall-outwaronFAT.Meredietingisnotenough.Theyexhaustthemselvesdoingexercisessweatinginsaunabathsbeingpummelledandmassagedbyweirdmachines.Thereallywealthydiet-mongerspayvastsumsfor’healthcures’.Fortwoweekstheycanenteranatureclinicandbestarvedtodeathforahundredguineasaweek.Don’tthinkit’sonlythemiddle-agedwhogoinforthesefadseither.43______44______wellforonethingthey’realwayshungry.Youcan’tbehungryandhappyatthesametime.Allthehorribleconcoctionstheyeatinsteadoffoodleavethempermanentlydissatisfied.’Wonderfoodisacompletefoodtheadvertisementsays.’Justdissolveateaspoonfulinwater...’Acompletefooditmaybebutnotquiteascompleteasajuicysteak.Andofcoursethey’realwaysmiserablebecausetheyfeelsoguilty.Hungerjustprovestoomuchforthemandintheendtheylashoutanddevourfivehugeguilt-inducingcreamcakesatasitting.AndwhocanblamethemAtleastthreetimesadaytheyareexposedtotemptation.45______What’sallthisself-inflictedtortureforSaintlypeopledeprivethemselvesoffoodtoattainastateofgrace.Unsaintlypeopledosotoattainastateofmisery.Itwillbeagreatdaywhenallthedietersintheworldabandontheirslimmingcourses;whentheyhatdouttheirplatesanddemandsecondhelpings! A.Manyoftheseb.rightyoungthingsyouseearesufferingfromchronicmalnutrition:theyarelivingonnothingbutairwaterandthegoodwillofGod. B.Dietersdeprivethemselvesof’deliciousfoodtoattainagracestaturebutsomepeoplethinkitismiserableandfoolishforthemtodoso. C.Dietersundertaketostarvefftemselvesoftheirownfreewill;sowhyaretheysomiserable D.Theyspendatrulymemorableeveningtogetherandneverseeeachotheragain. E.Whatanuttertortureitis’alwayswatchingotherstuckingintopilesofmouth-wateringfoodwhileyoumunchawaterbiscuitandsipunsweetenedlemonjuice! F.Peoplewhoareonadietmustn’thavechocolateandthisishardforsomegirls. G.Whatamiserablelotofdietersare!Youcanalwaysrecognisethemfromthesourexpressionontheirfaces. `42
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.10pointsIntoday’scomplexeconomicworldneitherindividualsnornationsareself-sufficient.Nationshaveutilizeddifferenteconomicresources;peoplehavedevelopeddifferentskills.Thisisthefoundationofworldtradeandeconomicactivity.Asaresultofthistradeandactivityinternationalfinanceandbankinghaveevolved.Forexamplethe’UnitedStatesisamajorConsumerofcoffeeyetitdoesnothavetheclimatetogrowanyofitsown.ConsequentlytheUnitedStatesmustimportcoffeefromcountriessuchasBrazilColombiaandGuatemalathatgrowcoffeeefficiently.46OntheotherhandtheUnitedStateshaslargeindustrialplantscapableofproducingavarietyofgoodssuchaschemicalsandairplaneswhichcanbesoldtonationsthatneedthem.Ifnationstradeditemforitemsuchasoneautomobilefor10000bagsofcoffeeforeigntradewouldbeextremelycumbersomeandrestrictive.SoinsteadofbarterwhichisthetradeofgoodswithoutanexchangeofmoneytheUnitedStatesreceivesmoneyinpaymentforwhatitsells.47ItpaysforBraziliancoffeewithdollarswhichBrazilcanthenusetobuywoolfromAustraliawhichinmmcanbuytextilesfromGreatBritainwhichcanthenbuytobaccofromtheUnitedStates.Foreigntradetheexchangeofgoodsbetweennationstakesplaceformanyreasons.48Firstasmentionedaboveisthatnonationhasallofthecommoditiesthatitneeds.Rawmaterialsarescatteredaroundtheworld.LargedepositsofcopperareminedinPeruandZairediamondsareminedinSouthAfricaandpetroleumisrecoveredintheMiddleEast.Countriesthatdonothavetheseresourceswithintheirownboundariesmustbuyfromcountriesthatexportthem.Foreigntradealsooccursbecauseacountryoftendoesnothaveenoughofaparticularitemtomeetitsneeds.AlthoughtheUnitedStatesisamajorproducerofsugaritconsumesmorethanitcanproduceinternallyandthusmustimportsugar.Thirdonenationcansellsomeitemsatalowercostthanothercountries.Japanhasbeenabletoexportlargequantitiesofradiosandtelevisionsetsbecauseitcanproducethemmoreefficientlythanothercountries.ItischeaperfortheUnitedStatestobuythesefromJapanthantoproducethemdomestically.AccordingtoeconomictheoryJapanshouldproduceandexportthoseitemsfromwhichitderivesacomparativeadvantage.49Itshouldalsobuyandimportwhatitneedsfromthosecountriesthathaveacomparative’advantageinthedesireditems.Finallyforeigntradetakesplacebecauseofinnovationorstyle.50EventhoughtheUnitedStatesproducesmoreautomobilesthananyothercountryitstillimportslargenumbersofautosfromGermanyJapan’andSwedenprimarilybecausethereisamarketforthemintheUnitedStates. OntheotherhandtheUnitedStateshaslargeindustrialplantscapableofproducingavarietyofgoodssuchaschemicalsandairplaneswhichcanbesoldtonationsthatneedthem.
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.10pointsIntoday’scomplexeconomicworldneitherindividualsnornationsareself-sufficient.Nationshaveutilizeddifferenteconomicresources;peoplehavedevelopeddifferentskills.Thisisthefoundationofworldtradeandeconomicactivity.Asaresultofthistradeandactivityinternationalfinanceandbankinghaveevolved.Forexamplethe’UnitedStatesisamajorConsumerofcoffeeyetitdoesnothavetheclimatetogrowanyofitsown.ConsequentlytheUnitedStatesmustimportcoffeefromcountriessuchasBrazilColombiaandGuatemalathatgrowcoffeeefficiently.46OntheotherhandtheUnitedStateshaslargeindustrialplantscapableofproducingavarietyofgoodssuchaschemicalsandairplaneswhichcanbesoldtonationsthatneedthem.Ifnationstradeditemforitemsuchasoneautomobilefor10000bagsofcoffeeforeigntradewouldbeextremelycumbersomeandrestrictive.SoinsteadofbarterwhichisthetradeofgoodswithoutanexchangeofmoneytheUnitedStatesreceivesmoneyinpaymentforwhatitsells.47ItpaysforBraziliancoffeewithdollarswhichBrazilcanthenusetobuywoolfromAustraliawhichinmmcanbuytextilesfromGreatBritainwhichcanthenbuytobaccofromtheUnitedStates.Foreigntradetheexchangeofgoodsbetweennationstakesplaceformanyreasons.48Firstasmentionedaboveisthatnonationhasallofthecommoditiesthatitneeds.Rawmaterialsarescatteredaroundtheworld.LargedepositsofcopperareminedinPeruandZairediamondsareminedinSouthAfricaandpetroleumisrecoveredintheMiddleEast.Countriesthatdonothavetheseresourceswithintheirownboundariesmustbuyfromcountriesthatexportthem.Foreigntradealsooccursbecauseacountryoftendoesnothaveenoughofaparticularitemtomeetitsneeds.AlthoughtheUnitedStatesisamajorproducerofsugaritconsumesmorethanitcanproduceinternallyandthusmustimportsugar.Thirdonenationcansellsomeitemsatalowercostthanothercountries.Japanhasbeenabletoexportlargequantitiesofradiosandtelevisionsetsbecauseitcanproducethemmoreefficientlythanothercountries.ItischeaperfortheUnitedStatestobuythesefromJapanthantoproducethemdomestically.AccordingtoeconomictheoryJapanshouldproduceandexportthoseitemsfromwhichitderivesacomparativeadvantage.49Itshouldalsobuyandimportwhatitneedsfromthosecountriesthathaveacomparative’advantageinthedesireditems.Finallyforeigntradetakesplacebecauseofinnovationorstyle.50EventhoughtheUnitedStatesproducesmoreautomobilesthananyothercountryitstillimportslargenumbersofautosfromGermanyJapan’andSwedenprimarilybecausethereisamarketforthemintheUnitedStates. EventhoughtheUnitedStatesproducesmoreautomobilesthananyothercountryitstillimportslargenumbersofautosfromGermanyJapan’andSwedenprimarilybecausethereisamarketforthemintheUnitedStates.
某公司准备上一个新项目假定该项目同企业现有业务市场风险相同据分析该项目的现金流如下 假定 项目预期寿命为10年 初始资本投入t=02100万元 初始资本投资可以在7年内按直线折旧法折旧完毕残值为0 营运资本支出t=0为1000万元 营运中以在t=4时收回500万元在t=10时收回另外500万元 该企业没有债务其权益资本的β值为1.2无风险利率为5%市场风险回报为7%该项目可以利用企业现有部分生产设施这些设施如果出租可以每年获得100万元租金收入但租金收入要缴纳企业所得税 为了研究本项目的可行性企业已经花费了500万元调查研究与咨询费当本项目开始进行初始资本投入t=0时还要再花费1300万元市场推广费用税后该企业的所得税税率为35% 要求计算该项目的净现值
有两个猎人以在公共猎场捕获兔子为生猎场一共有1000只兔子每个猎人面临的选择是决定捕获兔子的速率ηi=12猎人i的净效用取决于兔子捕获量qi和捕获的速率ri即其中qi=1000ri/r1+r2a如果两位猎人能够达成一个最优的捕获率那么它等于多少b如果每个猎人各自决策那么他们选择的捕获率将是多少请简要解释为什么猎人各自决策的结果和a得到的结果会存在差异c上述问题在经济学上被称为公共地悲剧TheTragedyoftheCommons请用文字简要说明什么是公共地悲剧另请列举一种解决该问题的方法并简要说明你的办法发挥作用的条件和理由
略述外部性外部经济对资源优化配置的影响
GenerallyspeakingaBritishiswidelyregardedasaquietshyandconservativepersonwhois1onlyamongthosewithwhomheisacquainted.Whenastrangerisatpresentheoftenseemsnervouseven2.Youhavetotakeacommutertrainanymorningoreveningto3thetruthofthis. Serious-lookingbusinessmenandwomensitreadingtheirnewspapersordozinginacomer;hardlyanybodytalkssincetodosowouldbeconsideredquite4. 5thereisanunwrittenbutclearlyunderstoodcodeofbehaviorwhichoncebrokenmakestheoffenderimmediatelytheobjectof6. IthasbeenknownasafactthataBritishhasa7forthediscussionoftheirweatherandthatifgivenachancehewilltalkaboutit8. SomepeoplearguethatitisbecausetheBritishweatherseldom9forecastaddhencebecomesasourceofinterestand10toeveryone. Thismaybeso.11aBritishcannothavemuch12intheweathermenwhoafterpromisingfinesunnyweatherforthefollowingdayareoftenprovedwrong13acloudovertheAtlanticbringsrainyweathertoalldistricts!Themaninthestreetseemstobeasaccurate--orasinaccurateastheweathermeninhis14. Foreignersmaybesurprisedatthenumberofreferences15weatherthattheBritish16toeachotherinthecourseofasingleday.Veryoftenconversationalgreetingsare17bycommentsontheweather."Nicedayisn’tit""Beautiful!"maywellbeheardinsteadof"Goodmorninghowareyou"Althoughtheforeignermayconsiderthisexaggeratedandcomicitis18pointingoutthatitcouldbeusedtohisadvantage.IfhewantstostartaconversationwithaBritishbutisatalosstoknow19tobeginhecoulddowelltomentionthestateoftheweather.Itisasafesubjectwhichwill20ananswerfromeventhemostreservedoftheBritish. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.2
Text4Sciencehaslongsincehadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.ThinkofGalileo’s17th-centurytrifil’forhisrebellingbelieftheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliamBlack’sharshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton.Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanitieshasifanythingdeepenedinthiscentury~Untilrecentlythescientificcommunitywassopowerfulthatitcouldaffordtoignoreitscritics-butnolonger.Asfundingforsciencehasdeclinedscientistshaveattacked’antiscience’inseveralbooksnotablyHigherSuperstitionbyPaulR.GrossabiologistattheUniversityofVirginiaandNormanLevittamathematicianatRutgersUniversity;andTheDemon-HauntedWorldbyCarlSaganofCornellUniversity.Defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchas"TheFlightfromScienceandReason"heldinNewYorkCityin1995and"ScienceintheAgeofMissinformation"whichassembledlastJunenearBuffalo.Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople;GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologistsphilosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedsciencesobjectivity.Saganismoreconcernedwiththosewhobelieveinghostscreationismandotherphenpmenathatcontradictthescientificworldview.Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheantisciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswellfromauthoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpoxvirustoRepublicanswhoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomberthosemanifestopublishedin1995scornsscienceandlongsforreturntoapretechnologicalutopia.ButsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareantiscienceasanessayinUSNews&WorldReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.Theenvironmentalistsinevitablyrespondtosuchcritics.ThetrueenemiesofsciencearguesPaulEhrlichofStanfordUniversityapioneerofenvironmentalstudiesarethosewhoquestiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarnfingthedepletionoftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth.Indeedsomeobserversfearthattheantiscienceepithetisindangerofbecomingmeaningless."Theterm’antiscience’canlumptogethertoomanyquitedifferentthingsnotesHarvardUniversityphilosopherGeraldHoltoninhis1993workScienceandAnti-Science."Theyhaveincommononlyonethingthattheytendtoannoyorthreatenthosewhoregardthemselvesasmoreenlightened." Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitle
GenerallyspeakingaBritishiswidelyregardedasaquietshyandconservativepersonwhois1onlyamongthosewithwhomheisacquainted.Whenastrangerisatpresentheoftenseemsnervouseven2.Youhavetotakeacommutertrainanymorningoreveningto3thetruthofthis. Serious-lookingbusinessmenandwomensitreadingtheirnewspapersordozinginacomer;hardlyanybodytalkssincetodosowouldbeconsideredquite4. 5thereisanunwrittenbutclearlyunderstoodcodeofbehaviorwhichoncebrokenmakestheoffenderimmediatelytheobjectof6. IthasbeenknownasafactthataBritishhasa7forthediscussionoftheirweatherandthatifgivenachancehewilltalkaboutit8. SomepeoplearguethatitisbecausetheBritishweatherseldom9forecastaddhencebecomesasourceofinterestand10toeveryone. Thismaybeso.11aBritishcannothavemuch12intheweathermenwhoafterpromisingfinesunnyweatherforthefollowingdayareoftenprovedwrong13acloudovertheAtlanticbringsrainyweathertoalldistricts!Themaninthestreetseemstobeasaccurate--orasinaccurateastheweathermeninhis14. Foreignersmaybesurprisedatthenumberofreferences15weatherthattheBritish16toeachotherinthecourseofasingleday.Veryoftenconversationalgreetingsare17bycommentsontheweather."Nicedayisn’tit""Beautiful!"maywellbeheardinsteadof"Goodmorninghowareyou"Althoughtheforeignermayconsiderthisexaggeratedandcomicitis18pointingoutthatitcouldbeusedtohisadvantage.IfhewantstostartaconversationwithaBritishbutisatalosstoknow19tobeginhecoulddowelltomentionthestateoftheweather.Itisasafesubjectwhichwill20ananswerfromeventhemostreservedoftheBritish. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.6
投机性需求
我国现行的增值税属于
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.10pointsIntoday’scomplexeconomicworldneitherindividualsnornationsareself-sufficient.Nationshaveutilizeddifferenteconomicresources;peoplehavedevelopeddifferentskills.Thisisthefoundationofworldtradeandeconomicactivity.Asaresultofthistradeandactivityinternationalfinanceandbankinghaveevolved.Forexamplethe’UnitedStatesisamajorConsumerofcoffeeyetitdoesnothavetheclimatetogrowanyofitsown.ConsequentlytheUnitedStatesmustimportcoffeefromcountriessuchasBrazilColombiaandGuatemalathatgrowcoffeeefficiently.46OntheotherhandtheUnitedStateshaslargeindustrialplantscapableofproducingavarietyofgoodssuchaschemicalsandairplaneswhichcanbesoldtonationsthatneedthem.Ifnationstradeditemforitemsuchasoneautomobilefor10000bagsofcoffeeforeigntradewouldbeextremelycumbersomeandrestrictive.SoinsteadofbarterwhichisthetradeofgoodswithoutanexchangeofmoneytheUnitedStatesreceivesmoneyinpaymentforwhatitsells.47ItpaysforBraziliancoffeewithdollarswhichBrazilcanthenusetobuywoolfromAustraliawhichinmmcanbuytextilesfromGreatBritainwhichcanthenbuytobaccofromtheUnitedStates.Foreigntradetheexchangeofgoodsbetweennationstakesplaceformanyreasons.48Firstasmentionedaboveisthatnonationhasallofthecommoditiesthatitneeds.Rawmaterialsarescatteredaroundtheworld.LargedepositsofcopperareminedinPeruandZairediamondsareminedinSouthAfricaandpetroleumisrecoveredintheMiddleEast.Countriesthatdonothavetheseresourceswithintheirownboundariesmustbuyfromcountriesthatexportthem.Foreigntradealsooccursbecauseacountryoftendoesnothaveenoughofaparticularitemtomeetitsneeds.AlthoughtheUnitedStatesisamajorproducerofsugaritconsumesmorethanitcanproduceinternallyandthusmustimportsugar.Thirdonenationcansellsomeitemsatalowercostthanothercountries.Japanhasbeenabletoexportlargequantitiesofradiosandtelevisionsetsbecauseitcanproducethemmoreefficientlythanothercountries.ItischeaperfortheUnitedStatestobuythesefromJapanthantoproducethemdomestically.AccordingtoeconomictheoryJapanshouldproduceandexportthoseitemsfromwhichitderivesacomparativeadvantage.49Itshouldalsobuyandimportwhatitneedsfromthosecountriesthathaveacomparative’advantageinthedesireditems.Finallyforeigntradetakesplacebecauseofinnovationorstyle.50EventhoughtheUnitedStatesproducesmoreautomobilesthananyothercountryitstillimportslargenumbersofautosfromGermanyJapan’andSwedenprimarilybecausethereisamarketforthemintheUnitedStates. Firstasmentionedaboveisthatnonationhasallofthecommoditiesthatitneeds.
1.Thereareatleastthreemajoradvantagestolivinginasmalltown.Thefirstistheeasewithwhichapersoncangetaround. 2.Thesecondadvantagesisthelowcostofliving. 3.Thegreatestbenefitofsmall-townlifeisthefriendliness.
假定经济实现充分就业总供给曲线是垂直线减税将
如果中央银行试图增加GDP可以采取的措施有
什么是规模经济并以汽车工业为例结合我国的情况来说明规模经济的重要性
下列选项中属于实证经济学的是
GenerallyspeakingaBritishiswidelyregardedasaquietshyandconservativepersonwhois1onlyamongthosewithwhomheisacquainted.Whenastrangerisatpresentheoftenseemsnervouseven2.Youhavetotakeacommutertrainanymorningoreveningto3thetruthofthis. Serious-lookingbusinessmenandwomensitreadingtheirnewspapersordozinginacomer;hardlyanybodytalkssincetodosowouldbeconsideredquite4. 5thereisanunwrittenbutclearlyunderstoodcodeofbehaviorwhichoncebrokenmakestheoffenderimmediatelytheobjectof6. IthasbeenknownasafactthataBritishhasa7forthediscussionoftheirweatherandthatifgivenachancehewilltalkaboutit8. SomepeoplearguethatitisbecausetheBritishweatherseldom9forecastaddhencebecomesasourceofinterestand10toeveryone. Thismaybeso.11aBritishcannothavemuch12intheweathermenwhoafterpromisingfinesunnyweatherforthefollowingdayareoftenprovedwrong13acloudovertheAtlanticbringsrainyweathertoalldistricts!Themaninthestreetseemstobeasaccurate--orasinaccurateastheweathermeninhis14. Foreignersmaybesurprisedatthenumberofreferences15weatherthattheBritish16toeachotherinthecourseofasingleday.Veryoftenconversationalgreetingsare17bycommentsontheweather."Nicedayisn’tit""Beautiful!"maywellbeheardinsteadof"Goodmorninghowareyou"Althoughtheforeignermayconsiderthisexaggeratedandcomicitis18pointingoutthatitcouldbeusedtohisadvantage.IfhewantstostartaconversationwithaBritishbutisatalosstoknow19tobeginhecoulddowelltomentionthestateoftheweather.Itisasafesubjectwhichwill20ananswerfromeventhemostreservedoftheBritish. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.4
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