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2007年10月15日__在十七大__中国特色社会主义道路之所以完全正确之所以能够引领中国发展进步关键在于我们
政治上层建筑是思想的物质附属物是指
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10PointsThebiggestdangerfacingtheglobalairlineindustryisnottheeffectsofterrorismwarSARSandeconomicdownturn.ItisthattheseblowswhichhavehelpedgroundthreenationalflagcarriersandforcetwoAmericanairlinesintobankruptcywilldivertattentionfromtheinherentweaknessesofaviationwhichtheyhaveexacerbated.46AsinthecrisisthatattendedthefirstGulfWarmanyairlineshopethattrafficwillsoonbouncebackandafewcatastrophicyearswillbefollowedbyfullerplaneshappierpassengersandareturntoprofitability.Yettheindustry’sproblemsaredeeper--andolder--thanthetraumaofthepasttwoyearsimplies.AsthecentenaryofthefirstpoweredflightapproachesinDecembertheindustryitlaunchedisstillremarkablyprimitive.47ThecarindustrycreatednotlongaftertheWrightBrothersmadehistoryisnowaglobalindustrydominatedbyadozenfirmsatleasthalfofwhichmakegoodprofits.Yetcommercialaviationconsistsof267internationalcarriersandanother500-plusdomesticones.48Theworld’sbiggestcarrierAmericanAirlineshasbarely7%oftheglobalmarketwhereastheworld’sbiggestcarmakerGeneralMotorshaswithitsassociatedfirmsaboutaquarteroftheworld’sautomobilemarket.Aviationhasbeenincompletelyderegulatedandinonlytwomarkets:AmericaandEurope.Everywhereelsedealsbetweengovernmentsdictatewhofliesunderwhatrules.49Theseaimtopreservestate-ownednationalflag-carriersrunforprestigeratherthanprofitandnumerousrestrictionsonforeignownershiphindercross-borderairlinemergers.InAmericathebignetworkcarriersfacebarrierstoexitwhichhavekepttheirroutenetworkstoolarge.TradeunionsresistingjobcutsandCongressmenopposingrouteclosuresintheirterritoryconspiretoblockchange.InEuropeliberalizationislimitedbybilateraldealsthatpreventforinstanceBritishAirwaysBAflyingtoAmericafromFrankfurtorParis.TousethecarindustryanalogyitisasifonlyRenaultswereallowedtodriveonFrenchmotorways.50Inairlinestheoptimistsarethosewhothinkthatthingsarenowsobadthattheindustryhasnooptionbuttoevolve.FrederickReidpresidentofDeltaAirLinessaidthateventssincetheSeptember11thattacksaretheequivalentofameteorstrikechangingtheclimateandleadingtoa"compressedevolutionarycycle".Sohowlookingonthebrightsidemighttheindustrylookafterfiveyearsofaccelerateddevelopment Theseaimtopreservestate-ownednationalflag-carriersrunforprestigeratherthanprofitandnumerousrestrictionsonforeignownershiphindercross-borderairlinemergers
某肉食加工厂与某养猪大户签订合同约定以现行市场价格加上一定的价格预期涨幅购买该养猪大户饲养的优良种猪并于一年后结付所有款项货币在这里执行的职能是
__明确提出新民主主义三大经济纲领即没收封建地主阶级的土地归农民所有没收蒋介石宋子文孔祥熙陈立夫为首的垄断资本归新民主主义国家所有保护民族工商业的著作是
马克思说在选职业时我们应该遵循的主要指针是人类的幸福和我们自身的完美不应认为这两种利益会彼此敌对互相冲突一种利益必定消灭另一种利益又说人只有为同时代的人的完美为他们的幸福工作自己才能达到完美这意味着
PartBDirections:YouaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextabouttheInternetaddicts.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph41-45.Thefirstandlastpara-graphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10points [A]DifferentbehaviorsoftheInternetaddicts [B]ThefindingofaresearchontheInternetaddicts [C]TheInternetaddictionmaydestroyafamily [D]Theestablishmentofanewserviceforwebaddicts [E]TwoexamplesofharmoftheInternetaddiction [F]TheInternetaddictionmaycausemanyproblemsIt’stheequivalentofinvitingsexaddictstoabrothelorholdinganAlcoholicsAnonymousAAmeetingatthepub.Internetaddictstiredoftheirsquare-eyedkeyboardtappingwaysneedlooknofurtherthantheWebforcounseling.41.__________.Thereisnowanonlinecounsellingserviceatwww.relateorg.nzforInternetobsessives.JustemailthedetailsofyourInternet-inducedcrisisandhelpcomesdirecttoyourinbox.Thenewbreedofcyber-therapistsseenothingstrangeaboutofferinghelpthroughtheverymediumthatisswallowingtheirclients’freetimeandsplittingtheirmarriages.42.__________.ThoughsomemayregardInternetaddictionasanotherdubiousailmentdreameduptokeeptherapistsinworkRelationshipServicessaystheproblemisreal.TherapistRobinPaulsaystheretendtobetwoscenarios.Somepeoplemeetthroughchatroomsandfallinlove.It’slikehavinganaffairthentheymeetandit’slikeawhirlwindhoneymoon.It’sdevastatingforthepersonleftbehindandquiteoftenithasnorealfoundation.ThesecondscenarioisthatapersonstartsspendingmoreandmoretimeontheNet.TheymaynotmeetSomeoneelsebuttheydon’tspendanytimewiththeirpartnerandofcoursetherelationshipsuffers.43.__________.SuchstoriesmayappeartobealmosturbanlegendssoashamedareInternetaddictsandtheirpartners.Arecentsurveyof17251Internetusersfoundnearly6percenthadsomesortofaddictiontothemedium.Theyrevealedthattheironlinehabitcontributedtodisruptedmarriageschildhooddelinquencycrimeandover-spending.Tapintoonlineaddictionsitesandyou’llfindmessagessuchas:"HellomynameisBobandI’maWebaholic."44.__________.WitnesstheplightofOhiowomanKelliMichettiwholiterallybecameacomputerhackerbecauseofherhusband’sconstantonlinechatting.Whenshecrashedameatcleaverthroughherhusband’scomputerterminalthatsolvedtheproblemalthoughnaturallyitledtodifficultieswiththepolice.OrtaketheclassicInternetaddictionstoryofIngridParkerawomanwhobecamesuchaslavetotheInternet--especiallychatrooms--thatittookoverherlife.Shemadedowithtwohours’sleepanighthadmarathonweekendcomputersessionsofupto17hoursandfellinlovewithamarriedmanintheUSstateofOregon.45.__________.Dr.KimberlyYoungwhosetupTheCentreforOnlineAddictionwww.netaddictioncominAmericastudied396peoplewhomsheconsideredwerepsychologicallydependentontheNet.Theyrangedinagefrom14to70andspentanaverageof38.5hoursaweekontheWeb.HerstudybackedbyfurtherresearchinBritainfoundthatwomenweremorelikelytobecomeaddicts.Sowhiletheoldstereotypicaladdictwasayoungmanwhospenthoursplayinggamesdownloadingsoftwareorreadingmessagesonnewsgroupsthenewimageisofayoungwomanwhofrittersawayhourse-mailingfriends.buyingbooksandCDsonlinetalkinginchatroomsandlookingforinformationfornextyear’sholiday."IguessIwasatypicalexampleofsomeonehookedontheInternet"saysParkerwhonowspendsjustanhouradayonline."Idon’tthinkanyonewhoismarriedorinasoundrelationshipshouldreallybespendinghourstalkingtosomeoneelseandignoringtheirnearestanddearest."WhileParkerprovidedherowntherapybyputtingherexperiencesdownonpapersherecommendsotherstakeuptheonlinecounsellingofferorlogofffromtheWorldwideWebgradually. 43
劳动生产率越高生产一种物品所需要的劳动时间就越少凝结在该物品中的劳动量就越小该物品的价值就越小相反地劳动生产率越低生产一种物品的必要劳动时间就越多该物品的价值就越大因此为了增加单位商品的价值量我们要尽量降低劳动生产率这一观点
Text3Thereisaconfusednotioninthemindsofmanypeoplethatthegatheringofthepropertyofthepoorintothehandsoftherichdoesnoultimateharmsinceinwhoseverhandsitmaybeitmustbespentatlastandthustheythinkreturntothepooragain.Thisfallacyhasbeenagainandagainexposed;butgrantingthepleatruethesameapologymayofcoursebemadeforblackmailoranyotherformofrobbery.Itmightbethoughpracticallyitneverisasadvantageousforthenotionthattherobbershouldhavethespendingofthemoneyheextortsasthatthepersonrobbedshouldhavespentit.Butthisisnoexcuseforthetheft.IfIweretoputatollgateontheroadwhereitpassesmyowngateandendeavortoextractashillingfromeverypassengerthepublicwouldsoondoawaywithmygatewithoutlisteningtoanypleasonmypartthatitwasasadvantageoustothemintheendthatIshouldspendtheirshillingsasthattheythemselvesshould.ButifinsteadofoutfacingthemwithatollgateIcanonlypersuadethemtocomeinandbuystonesoroldironoranyotheruselessthingoutofmygroundImayrobthemtothesameextentandmoreoverbethankedasapublicbenefactorandpromoterofcommercialprosperity.AndthismainquestionforthepoorofEngland--forthepoorofallcountries--iswhollyomittedineverywritingonthesubjectofwealth.Evenbythelaborersthemselvestheoperationofcapitalisregardedonlyinitseffectontheirimmediateinterestsneverinthefarmoreterrificpowerofitsappointmentofthekindandtheobjectoflabor.Itmatterslittleultimatelyhowmuchalaborerispaidformakinganythingbutitmattersfearfullywhatthethingiswhichheiscompelledtomake.Ifhislaborissoorderedastoproducefoodfreshairandfreshwaternomatterthathiswagesarelowthefoodandthefreshairandwaterwillbeatlastthereandhewillatlastgetthem.Butifheispaidtodestroyfoodandfreshairortoproduceironbarsinsteadofthemthefoodandairwillfinallynotbethereandhewillnotgetthemtohisgreatandfinalinconvenience.Sothatconclusivelyinpoliticalasinhouseholdeconomythegreatquestionisnotsomuchwhatmoneyyouhaveinyourpocketaswhatyouwillbuywithitanddowithit. Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbelieves
1937年5月中国__为建立真正的坚实的抗日民族统一战线提出实现抗战的革命中心任务是
2007年10月15日__在十七大__实现未来经济发展目标关键要
Text3Thereisaconfusednotioninthemindsofmanypeoplethatthegatheringofthepropertyofthepoorintothehandsoftherichdoesnoultimateharmsinceinwhoseverhandsitmaybeitmustbespentatlastandthustheythinkreturntothepooragain.Thisfallacyhasbeenagainandagainexposed;butgrantingthepleatruethesameapologymayofcoursebemadeforblackmailoranyotherformofrobbery.Itmightbethoughpracticallyitneverisasadvantageousforthenotionthattherobbershouldhavethespendingofthemoneyheextortsasthatthepersonrobbedshouldhavespentit.Butthisisnoexcuseforthetheft.IfIweretoputatollgateontheroadwhereitpassesmyowngateandendeavortoextractashillingfromeverypassengerthepublicwouldsoondoawaywithmygatewithoutlisteningtoanypleasonmypartthatitwasasadvantageoustothemintheendthatIshouldspendtheirshillingsasthattheythemselvesshould.ButifinsteadofoutfacingthemwithatollgateIcanonlypersuadethemtocomeinandbuystonesoroldironoranyotheruselessthingoutofmygroundImayrobthemtothesameextentandmoreoverbethankedasapublicbenefactorandpromoterofcommercialprosperity.AndthismainquestionforthepoorofEngland--forthepoorofallcountries--iswhollyomittedineverywritingonthesubjectofwealth.Evenbythelaborersthemselvestheoperationofcapitalisregardedonlyinitseffectontheirimmediateinterestsneverinthefarmoreterrificpowerofitsappointmentofthekindandtheobjectoflabor.Itmatterslittleultimatelyhowmuchalaborerispaidformakinganythingbutitmattersfearfullywhatthethingiswhichheiscompelledtomake.Ifhislaborissoorderedastoproducefoodfreshairandfreshwaternomatterthathiswagesarelowthefoodandthefreshairandwaterwillbeatlastthereandhewillatlastgetthem.Butifheispaidtodestroyfoodandfreshairortoproduceironbarsinsteadofthemthefoodandairwillfinallynotbethereandhewillnotgetthemtohisgreatandfinalinconvenience.Sothatconclusivelyinpoliticalasinhouseholdeconomythegreatquestionisnotsomuchwhatmoneyyouhaveinyourpocketaswhatyouwillbuywithitanddowithit. Itcanbeinferredthattheauthor’sattitudetowardtheearlystageofBritishindustrializationshouldbeoneof
国家发展战略的核心以及提高综合国力的关键是
假定在封闭的条件下某国国内只有两个生产部类第Ⅰ部类生产生产资料第Ⅱ部类生产生活资料2005年该国国内两大部类资本构成状况如下 第Ⅰ部类 第Ⅱ部类 不变资本c 800 700 可变资本v 200 300 剩余价值m 300 200请回答1该国国内社会总资本周转能否顺利进行为什么2如果社会总资本周转不能顺利进行市场能否自发进行调节3上述两个问题对我国发展社会主义市场经济有何启示
2007年6月8日__在八国集团同发展中国家领导人对话会议上的__中国政府高度重视气候变化采取了一系列减缓温室气体排放的政策措施主要包括
马克思说蒸汽电力和自动纺织机甚至是比巴尔贝斯拉斯拜尔和布朗基诸位公民更危险万分的革命家这一论断的含义是
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10PointsThebiggestdangerfacingtheglobalairlineindustryisnottheeffectsofterrorismwarSARSandeconomicdownturn.ItisthattheseblowswhichhavehelpedgroundthreenationalflagcarriersandforcetwoAmericanairlinesintobankruptcywilldivertattentionfromtheinherentweaknessesofaviationwhichtheyhaveexacerbated.46AsinthecrisisthatattendedthefirstGulfWarmanyairlineshopethattrafficwillsoonbouncebackandafewcatastrophicyearswillbefollowedbyfullerplaneshappierpassengersandareturntoprofitability.Yettheindustry’sproblemsaredeeper--andolder--thanthetraumaofthepasttwoyearsimplies.AsthecentenaryofthefirstpoweredflightapproachesinDecembertheindustryitlaunchedisstillremarkablyprimitive.47ThecarindustrycreatednotlongaftertheWrightBrothersmadehistoryisnowaglobalindustrydominatedbyadozenfirmsatleasthalfofwhichmakegoodprofits.Yetcommercialaviationconsistsof267internationalcarriersandanother500-plusdomesticones.48Theworld’sbiggestcarrierAmericanAirlineshasbarely7%oftheglobalmarketwhereastheworld’sbiggestcarmakerGeneralMotorshaswithitsassociatedfirmsaboutaquarteroftheworld’sautomobilemarket.Aviationhasbeenincompletelyderegulatedandinonlytwomarkets:AmericaandEurope.Everywhereelsedealsbetweengovernmentsdictatewhofliesunderwhatrules.49Theseaimtopreservestate-ownednationalflag-carriersrunforprestigeratherthanprofitandnumerousrestrictionsonforeignownershiphindercross-borderairlinemergers.InAmericathebignetworkcarriersfacebarrierstoexitwhichhavekepttheirroutenetworkstoolarge.TradeunionsresistingjobcutsandCongressmenopposingrouteclosuresintheirterritoryconspiretoblockchange.InEuropeliberalizationislimitedbybilateraldealsthatpreventforinstanceBritishAirwaysBAflyingtoAmericafromFrankfurtorParis.TousethecarindustryanalogyitisasifonlyRenaultswereallowedtodriveonFrenchmotorways.50Inairlinestheoptimistsarethosewhothinkthatthingsarenowsobadthattheindustryhasnooptionbuttoevolve.FrederickReidpresidentofDeltaAirLinessaidthateventssincetheSeptember11thattacksaretheequivalentofameteorstrikechangingtheclimateandleadingtoa"compressedevolutionarycycle".Sohowlookingonthebrightsidemighttheindustrylookafterfiveyearsofaccelerateddevelopment ThecarindustrycreatednotlongaftertheWrightBrothersmadehistoryisnowaglobalindustrydominatedbyadozenfirmsatleasthalfofwhichmakegoodprofits.
Directions: JackBlackmanagoodfriendofyoursisleavingforNewYork.WritealettertoTomafriendinNewYorktointroduceJacktohim.Writeyourletterwithnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use"LiMing"instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.10points
Text3Thereisaconfusednotioninthemindsofmanypeoplethatthegatheringofthepropertyofthepoorintothehandsoftherichdoesnoultimateharmsinceinwhoseverhandsitmaybeitmustbespentatlastandthustheythinkreturntothepooragain.Thisfallacyhasbeenagainandagainexposed;butgrantingthepleatruethesameapologymayofcoursebemadeforblackmailoranyotherformofrobbery.Itmightbethoughpracticallyitneverisasadvantageousforthenotionthattherobbershouldhavethespendingofthemoneyheextortsasthatthepersonrobbedshouldhavespentit.Butthisisnoexcuseforthetheft.IfIweretoputatollgateontheroadwhereitpassesmyowngateandendeavortoextractashillingfromeverypassengerthepublicwouldsoondoawaywithmygatewithoutlisteningtoanypleasonmypartthatitwasasadvantageoustothemintheendthatIshouldspendtheirshillingsasthattheythemselvesshould.ButifinsteadofoutfacingthemwithatollgateIcanonlypersuadethemtocomeinandbuystonesoroldironoranyotheruselessthingoutofmygroundImayrobthemtothesameextentandmoreoverbethankedasapublicbenefactorandpromoterofcommercialprosperity.AndthismainquestionforthepoorofEngland--forthepoorofallcountries--iswhollyomittedineverywritingonthesubjectofwealth.Evenbythelaborersthemselvestheoperationofcapitalisregardedonlyinitseffectontheirimmediateinterestsneverinthefarmoreterrificpowerofitsappointmentofthekindandtheobjectoflabor.Itmatterslittleultimatelyhowmuchalaborerispaidformakinganythingbutitmattersfearfullywhatthethingiswhichheiscompelledtomake.Ifhislaborissoorderedastoproducefoodfreshairandfreshwaternomatterthathiswagesarelowthefoodandthefreshairandwaterwillbeatlastthereandhewillatlastgetthem.Butifheispaidtodestroyfoodandfreshairortoproduceironbarsinsteadofthemthefoodandairwillfinallynotbethereandhewillnotgetthemtohisgreatandfinalinconvenience.Sothatconclusivelyinpoliticalasinhouseholdeconomythegreatquestionisnotsomuchwhatmoneyyouhaveinyourpocketaswhatyouwillbuywithitanddowithit. Theauthorgivestheexampleofatollgateinthefirstparagraphtoindicatethat
2007年4月11日至13日__在访问日本期间两国领导人就构筑战略互惠关系达成了共识战略互惠关系的基本精神是
资本有机构成提高的直接后果是
PartBDirections:YouaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextabouttheInternetaddicts.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph41-45.Thefirstandlastpara-graphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10points [A]DifferentbehaviorsoftheInternetaddicts [B]ThefindingofaresearchontheInternetaddicts [C]TheInternetaddictionmaydestroyafamily [D]Theestablishmentofanewserviceforwebaddicts [E]TwoexamplesofharmoftheInternetaddiction [F]TheInternetaddictionmaycausemanyproblemsIt’stheequivalentofinvitingsexaddictstoabrothelorholdinganAlcoholicsAnonymousAAmeetingatthepub.Internetaddictstiredoftheirsquare-eyedkeyboardtappingwaysneedlooknofurtherthantheWebforcounseling.41.__________.Thereisnowanonlinecounsellingserviceatwww.relateorg.nzforInternetobsessives.JustemailthedetailsofyourInternet-inducedcrisisandhelpcomesdirecttoyourinbox.Thenewbreedofcyber-therapistsseenothingstrangeaboutofferinghelpthroughtheverymediumthatisswallowingtheirclients’freetimeandsplittingtheirmarriages.42.__________.ThoughsomemayregardInternetaddictionasanotherdubiousailmentdreameduptokeeptherapistsinworkRelationshipServicessaystheproblemisreal.TherapistRobinPaulsaystheretendtobetwoscenarios.Somepeoplemeetthroughchatroomsandfallinlove.It’slikehavinganaffairthentheymeetandit’slikeawhirlwindhoneymoon.It’sdevastatingforthepersonleftbehindandquiteoftenithasnorealfoundation.ThesecondscenarioisthatapersonstartsspendingmoreandmoretimeontheNet.TheymaynotmeetSomeoneelsebuttheydon’tspendanytimewiththeirpartnerandofcoursetherelationshipsuffers.43.__________.SuchstoriesmayappeartobealmosturbanlegendssoashamedareInternetaddictsandtheirpartners.Arecentsurveyof17251Internetusersfoundnearly6percenthadsomesortofaddictiontothemedium.Theyrevealedthattheironlinehabitcontributedtodisruptedmarriageschildhooddelinquencycrimeandover-spending.Tapintoonlineaddictionsitesandyou’llfindmessagessuchas:"HellomynameisBobandI’maWebaholic."44.__________.WitnesstheplightofOhiowomanKelliMichettiwholiterallybecameacomputerhackerbecauseofherhusband’sconstantonlinechatting.Whenshecrashedameatcleaverthroughherhusband’scomputerterminalthatsolvedtheproblemalthoughnaturallyitledtodifficultieswiththepolice.OrtaketheclassicInternetaddictionstoryofIngridParkerawomanwhobecamesuchaslavetotheInternet--especiallychatrooms--thatittookoverherlife.Shemadedowithtwohours’sleepanighthadmarathonweekendcomputersessionsofupto17hoursandfellinlovewithamarriedmanintheUSstateofOregon.45.__________.Dr.KimberlyYoungwhosetupTheCentreforOnlineAddictionwww.netaddictioncominAmericastudied396peoplewhomsheconsideredwerepsychologicallydependentontheNet.Theyrangedinagefrom14to70andspentanaverageof38.5hoursaweekontheWeb.HerstudybackedbyfurtherresearchinBritainfoundthatwomenweremorelikelytobecomeaddicts.Sowhiletheoldstereotypicaladdictwasayoungmanwhospenthoursplayinggamesdownloadingsoftwareorreadingmessagesonnewsgroupsthenewimageisofayoungwomanwhofrittersawayhourse-mailingfriends.buyingbooksandCDsonlinetalkinginchatroomsandlookingforinformationfornextyear’sholiday."IguessIwasatypicalexampleofsomeonehookedontheInternet"saysParkerwhonowspendsjustanhouradayonline."Idon’tthinkanyonewhoismarriedorinasoundrelationshipshouldreallybespendinghourstalkingtosomeoneelseandignoringtheirnearestanddearest."WhileParkerprovidedherowntherapybyputtingherexperiencesdownonpapersherecommendsotherstakeuptheonlinecounsellingofferorlogofffromtheWorldwideWebgradually. 45
2007年10月15日__在十七大__推动社会主义文化大发展大繁荣要
Text4ThehistorianFrederickJ.Turnerwroteinthe1890’sthattheagrariandiscontentthathadbeendevelopingsteadilyintheUnitedStatessinceabout1870hadbeenspeededbytheclosingoftheinternalfrontier--thatisthedepletionofavailablenewlandneededforfurtherexpansionoftheAmericanfarmingsystem.NotonlywasTurner’sthesisinfluentialatthetimeitwaslateradoptedandelaboratedbyotherscholarssuchasJohnD.HicksinThepopulistRevolt1931.ActuallyhowevernewlandsweretakenupforfarmingintheUnitedStatesthroughoutandbeyondthenineteenthcentury.Inthe1890’swhenagrariandiscontenthadbecomemostacute1100000newfarmsweresettledwhichwas500000morethanhadbeensettledduringthepreviousdecade.After1890underthetermsoftheHomesteadActanditssuccessorsmorenewlandwastakenupforfanningthanhadbeentakenupforthispurposeintheUnitedstatesupuntilthattime.Itistruethatahighproportionofthenewlyfannedlandwassuitableonlyforgrazinganddryfarmingbutagriculturalpracticeshadbecomesufficientlyadvancedtomakeitpossibletoincreasetheprofitabilityoffarmingbyutilizingeventheserelativelybarrenlands.Theemphasisgivenbybothscholarsandstatesmentothepresumeddisappearance’oftheAmericanfrontierhelpedtoobscurethegreatimportanceofchangesintheconditionsandconsequencesofinternationaltradethatoccurredduringthesecondhalfofthenineteenthcentury.In1869theSuezCanalwasopenedandthefirsttranscontinentalrailroadintheUnitedStateswascompleted.Anextensivenetworkoftelegraphandtelephonecommunicationswasspun:EuropewasconnectedbysubmarinecablewiththeUnitedStatesin1866andwithSouthAmericain1874.Byabout1870improvementsinagriculturaltechnologymadepossiblethefullexploitationofareasthatweremostsuitableforextensivefarmingonamechanizedbasis.HugetractsoflandwerebeingsettledandfarmedinArgentinaAustraliaCanadaandintheAmericanWestandtheseareaswerejoinedwithoneanotherandwiththecountriesofEuropeintoaninterdependentmarketsystem.Asaconsequenceagrariandepressionsnolongerwerelocalornationalinscopeandtheystruckseveralnationswhoseinternalfrontiershadnotvanishedorwerenotabouttovanish.Betweentheearly1870’sandthe1890’sthemountingagrariandiscontentinAmericaparalleledthealmostuninterrupteddeclineinthepricesofAmericanagriculturalproductsonforeignmarkets.Thosestaple-growingfarmersintheUnitedStateswhoexhibitedthegreatestdiscontentwerewhohadbecomemostdependentonforeignmarketsforthesaleoftheirproducts.InsofarasAmericanshadbeendeterredfromtakingupnewlandforfarmingitwasbecausemarketconditionshadmadethisperiodaperiloustimeinwhichtodoso. Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingoccurredpriorto1890.9
Text4ThehistorianFrederickJ.Turnerwroteinthe1890’sthattheagrariandiscontentthathadbeendevelopingsteadilyintheUnitedStatessinceabout1870hadbeenspeededbytheclosingoftheinternalfrontier--thatisthedepletionofavailablenewlandneededforfurtherexpansionoftheAmericanfarmingsystem.NotonlywasTurner’sthesisinfluentialatthetimeitwaslateradoptedandelaboratedbyotherscholarssuchasJohnD.HicksinThepopulistRevolt1931.ActuallyhowevernewlandsweretakenupforfarmingintheUnitedStatesthroughoutandbeyondthenineteenthcentury.Inthe1890’swhenagrariandiscontenthadbecomemostacute1100000newfarmsweresettledwhichwas500000morethanhadbeensettledduringthepreviousdecade.After1890underthetermsoftheHomesteadActanditssuccessorsmorenewlandwastakenupforfanningthanhadbeentakenupforthispurposeintheUnitedstatesupuntilthattime.Itistruethatahighproportionofthenewlyfannedlandwassuitableonlyforgrazinganddryfarmingbutagriculturalpracticeshadbecomesufficientlyadvancedtomakeitpossibletoincreasetheprofitabilityoffarmingbyutilizingeventheserelativelybarrenlands.Theemphasisgivenbybothscholarsandstatesmentothepresumeddisappearance’oftheAmericanfrontierhelpedtoobscurethegreatimportanceofchangesintheconditionsandconsequencesofinternationaltradethatoccurredduringthesecondhalfofthenineteenthcentury.In1869theSuezCanalwasopenedandthefirsttranscontinentalrailroadintheUnitedStateswascompleted.Anextensivenetworkoftelegraphandtelephonecommunicationswasspun:EuropewasconnectedbysubmarinecablewiththeUnitedStatesin1866andwithSouthAmericain1874.Byabout1870improvementsinagriculturaltechnologymadepossiblethefullexploitationofareasthatweremostsuitableforextensivefarmingonamechanizedbasis.HugetractsoflandwerebeingsettledandfarmedinArgentinaAustraliaCanadaandintheAmericanWestandtheseareaswerejoinedwithoneanotherandwiththecountriesofEuropeintoaninterdependentmarketsystem.Asaconsequenceagrariandepressionsnolongerwerelocalornationalinscopeandtheystruckseveralnationswhoseinternalfrontiershadnotvanishedorwerenotabouttovanish.Betweentheearly1870’sandthe1890’sthemountingagrariandiscontentinAmericaparalleledthealmostuninterrupteddeclineinthepricesofAmericanagriculturalproductsonforeignmarkets.Thosestaple-growingfarmersintheUnitedStateswhoexhibitedthegreatestdiscontentwerewhohadbecomemostdependentonforeignmarketsforthesaleoftheirproducts.InsofarasAmericanshadbeendeterredfromtakingupnewlandforfarmingitwasbecausemarketconditionshadmadethisperiodaperiloustimeinwhichtodoso. Comparedtotheyearlypricechangesthatactuallyoccurredonforeignagriculturalmarketsduringthe1880’sAmericanfarmerswouldhavemostpreferredyearlypricechangesthatwere
确立劳动资本技术和管理等生产要素按贡献参与分配的原则其中按生产要素分配的依据是
发展社会主义民主政治是我们党始终不渝的奋斗目标不断推进社会主义政治制度自我完善和发展要坚持和完善
Text2NowandagainIhavehadhorribledreamsbutnotenoughofthemtomakemeJosemydelightindreams.TobeginwithIliketheideaofdreamingofgoingtobedandlyingstillandthenbysomequeermagicwanderingintoanotherkindofexistence.Icouldneverunderstandwhygrown-upstookdreamingsocalmlywhentheycouldmakesuchafussaboutanyholiday.Thisstillpuzzlesme.Iammystifiedbypeoplewhosaytheyneverdreamandappeartohavenointerestinthesubject.Itismuchmoreastonishingthaniftheysaidtheyneverwentoutforawalk.Mostpeople--oratleastmostWesternEuropeans--donotseemtoacceptdreamingaspartoftheirlives.Theyappeartoseeitasanannoyinglittlehabitlikesneezingoryawning.Ihaveneverunderstoodthis.Mydreamlifedoesnotseemasimportantasmywakinglifeonlybecausethereisfarlessofitbuttomeitisimportant.Asiftherewereatleasttwoextracontinentsaddedtotheworldandlightningexcursionsrunningtothematanymomentbetweenmidnightandbreakfast.Thenagainthedreamlifethoughqueerandconfusingandunsatisfactoryinmanyrespectshasitsownadvantages.Thedeadaretheresmilingandtalking.Thepastistheresome-timesallbrokenandconfusedbutoccasionallyasfreshasadaisy.Andperhapsthefutureistheretoowavingatus.Thisdreamlifeisoftenovershadowedbyhugemysteriousanxietieswithluggagethatcannotbepackedandtrainsthatrefusetobecaught;andbothpersonsandscenestherearenotasdependableandsolidastheyareinwakinglifesothatBrownandSmithmergeintoonepersonwhileRobinsonsplitsintotwoandtherearethickwoodsoutsidethebathroomdoorandthedining-roomissomehowpartofatheaterbalcony;andtherearemomentsofsorroworterrorinthedreamworldthatareworsethananythingelsewehaveknownunderthesun.Yetthisotherlifehasitsinterestsitsenjoymentsitssatisfactionsandatcertainrareintervalsapeacefulgloworasuddenexcitementlikeglimpsesofanotherformofexistencealtogetherthatwecannotmatchwithopeneyes. BrownSmithandRobinsonare
PartBDirections:YouaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextabouttheInternetaddicts.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph41-45.Thefirstandlastpara-graphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10points [A]DifferentbehaviorsoftheInternetaddicts [B]ThefindingofaresearchontheInternetaddicts [C]TheInternetaddictionmaydestroyafamily [D]Theestablishmentofanewserviceforwebaddicts [E]TwoexamplesofharmoftheInternetaddiction [F]TheInternetaddictionmaycausemanyproblemsIt’stheequivalentofinvitingsexaddictstoabrothelorholdinganAlcoholicsAnonymousAAmeetingatthepub.Internetaddictstiredoftheirsquare-eyedkeyboardtappingwaysneedlooknofurtherthantheWebforcounseling.41.__________.Thereisnowanonlinecounsellingserviceatwww.relateorg.nzforInternetobsessives.JustemailthedetailsofyourInternet-inducedcrisisandhelpcomesdirecttoyourinbox.Thenewbreedofcyber-therapistsseenothingstrangeaboutofferinghelpthroughtheverymediumthatisswallowingtheirclients’freetimeandsplittingtheirmarriages.42.__________.ThoughsomemayregardInternetaddictionasanotherdubiousailmentdreameduptokeeptherapistsinworkRelationshipServicessaystheproblemisreal.TherapistRobinPaulsaystheretendtobetwoscenarios.Somepeoplemeetthroughchatroomsandfallinlove.It’slikehavinganaffairthentheymeetandit’slikeawhirlwindhoneymoon.It’sdevastatingforthepersonleftbehindandquiteoftenithasnorealfoundation.ThesecondscenarioisthatapersonstartsspendingmoreandmoretimeontheNet.TheymaynotmeetSomeoneelsebuttheydon’tspendanytimewiththeirpartnerandofcoursetherelationshipsuffers.43.__________.SuchstoriesmayappeartobealmosturbanlegendssoashamedareInternetaddictsandtheirpartners.Arecentsurveyof17251Internetusersfoundnearly6percenthadsomesortofaddictiontothemedium.Theyrevealedthattheironlinehabitcontributedtodisruptedmarriageschildhooddelinquencycrimeandover-spending.Tapintoonlineaddictionsitesandyou’llfindmessagessuchas:"HellomynameisBobandI’maWebaholic."44.__________.WitnesstheplightofOhiowomanKelliMichettiwholiterallybecameacomputerhackerbecauseofherhusband’sconstantonlinechatting.Whenshecrashedameatcleaverthroughherhusband’scomputerterminalthatsolvedtheproblemalthoughnaturallyitledtodifficultieswiththepolice.OrtaketheclassicInternetaddictionstoryofIngridParkerawomanwhobecamesuchaslavetotheInternet--especiallychatrooms--thatittookoverherlife.Shemadedowithtwohours’sleepanighthadmarathonweekendcomputersessionsofupto17hoursandfellinlovewithamarriedmanintheUSstateofOregon.45.__________.Dr.KimberlyYoungwhosetupTheCentreforOnlineAddictionwww.netaddictioncominAmericastudied396peoplewhomsheconsideredwerepsychologicallydependentontheNet.Theyrangedinagefrom14to70andspentanaverageof38.5hoursaweekontheWeb.HerstudybackedbyfurtherresearchinBritainfoundthatwomenweremorelikelytobecomeaddicts.Sowhiletheoldstereotypicaladdictwasayoungmanwhospenthoursplayinggamesdownloadingsoftwareorreadingmessagesonnewsgroupsthenewimageisofayoungwomanwhofrittersawayhourse-mailingfriends.buyingbooksandCDsonlinetalkinginchatroomsandlookingforinformationfornextyear’sholiday."IguessIwasatypicalexampleofsomeonehookedontheInternet"saysParkerwhonowspendsjustanhouradayonline."Idon’tthinkanyonewhoismarriedorinasoundrelationshipshouldreallybespendinghourstalkingtosomeoneelseandignoringtheirnearestanddearest."WhileParkerprovidedherowntherapybyputtingherexperiencesdownonpapersherecommendsotherstakeuptheonlinecounsellingofferorlogofffromtheWorldwideWebgradually. 41
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