首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置：
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
善行肢臂以除痹痛的活血药是
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
国家统考科目《单选题》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
具有活血除痹功效善治风湿肩臂疼痛的药物是
羌活
桑叶
川芎
鸡血藤
姜黄
以下药物中具有活血行气通经止痛之功善治上肢肩臂痹痛的是
桑枝
羌活
威灵仙
姜黄
延胡索
活血化瘀药的适应病证有
跌打损伤
关节痹痛
痈肿疮疡
瘀滞出血
产后瘀阻
具有破血行气通经止痛之功而长于治风寒湿痹之肢臂痹痛的药物是:
丁香
莪术
姜黄
桂枝
三棱
活血祛瘀药的适应证不包括
关节痹痛
癥瘕积聚
痈肿疮疡
阴疽流注
月经不调
祛风湿药的主要功效是
祛除风湿，舒筋活络
祛除风湿，活血止痛
祛除风湿，强壮筋骨
祛除风湿，活血消肿
祛除风湿，解除痹痛
活血化瘀药的适应病症是
跌打损伤、
关节痹痛、
痈肿疮疡
瘀滞出血
产后瘀阻
具有活血行气通经止痛作用长于行肢臂而除痹痛的药物是
桂枝
姜黄
乳香
秦艽
川芎
具有活血行气通经止痛作用长于行肢臂而除痹痛的药物是
丹参
姜黄
乳香
红花
川芎
活血化瘀药的适应证
跌打损伤
关节痹痛
痈肿疮疡
瘀滞出血
产后瘀阻
热门试题
更多
Text2NowandagainIhavehadhorribledreamsbutnotenoughofthemtomakemeJosemydelightindreams.TobeginwithIliketheideaofdreamingofgoingtobedandlyingstillandthenbysomequeermagicwanderingintoanotherkindofexistence.Icouldneverunderstandwhygrown-upstookdreamingsocalmlywhentheycouldmakesuchafussaboutanyholiday.Thisstillpuzzlesme.Iammystifiedbypeoplewhosaytheyneverdreamandappeartohavenointerestinthesubject.Itismuchmoreastonishingthaniftheysaidtheyneverwentoutforawalk.Mostpeople--oratleastmostWesternEuropeans--donotseemtoacceptdreamingaspartoftheirlives.Theyappeartoseeitasanannoyinglittlehabitlikesneezingoryawning.Ihaveneverunderstoodthis.Mydreamlifedoesnotseemasimportantasmywakinglifeonlybecausethereisfarlessofitbuttomeitisimportant.Asiftherewereatleasttwoextracontinentsaddedtotheworldandlightningexcursionsrunningtothematanymomentbetweenmidnightandbreakfast.Thenagainthedreamlifethoughqueerandconfusingandunsatisfactoryinmanyrespectshasitsownadvantages.Thedeadaretheresmilingandtalking.Thepastistheresome-timesallbrokenandconfusedbutoccasionallyasfreshasadaisy.Andperhapsthefutureistheretoowavingatus.Thisdreamlifeisoftenovershadowedbyhugemysteriousanxietieswithluggagethatcannotbepackedandtrainsthatrefusetobecaught;andbothpersonsandscenestherearenotasdependableandsolidastheyareinwakinglifesothatBrownandSmithmergeintoonepersonwhileRobinsonsplitsintotwoandtherearethickwoodsoutsidethebathroomdoorandthedining-roomissomehowpartofatheaterbalcony;andtherearemomentsofsorroworterrorinthedreamworldthatareworsethananythingelsewehaveknownunderthesun.Yetthisotherlifehasitsinterestsitsenjoymentsitssatisfactionsandatcertainrareintervalsapeacefulgloworasuddenexcitementlikeglimpsesofanotherformofexistencealtogetherthatwecannotmatchwithopeneyes. Thepassagetellsusthatinthedreamworldthereis/are
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsInsomeearlyattemptsbypsychologiststodescribethebasiclearningprocesstheterms’stimulus’’response’and’reinforcement’wereintroduced.Inaneducationalsettingthese1couldbedefinedasfollows.Whenateachergivesan2orsetsaproblemorasksaquestionthepupil3insomewayandtheteacherthentellsthepupilifhehasrespondedcorrectly.Theteacher’sfirstactioniscalledthe4.Thepupil’sactioncarryingouttheinstructionorsolvingtheproblemoransweringthequestionis5theresponse.Whentheteachertellsthepupilhisresponseis6thebondbetweenthestimulusandtheresponseisstrengthenedandreinforcementispositive.Iftheresponseisincorrectthebondisweakenedandreinforcementis7Somepsychologistslaidgreat8ontheimportanceofreinforcementforcontinuedlearning.They9thatifalearnerisnotgiveninformationabouthisresponsesfeedbackhemaynotcontinuetorespond.10ifhishomeworkisnotmarkedregularlyhewillstopdoingit.Ifinclasstheanswershegivestotheteacher’squestionsare11orbrushedasidehewillstoptryingtogiveany.Educationalpsychologistsare12movingawayfromthissimpleearly13ofthebasiclearningprocess.Theeffectsoffeedbackforexampleareseentobemore14thanthisdescriptionsuggests.Feedbackdoesnotmerelypositivelyornegatively15thestimulus-responsebond.Itmay16confirmpreviouslylearnedmeaningsandassociationscorrectmistakes17misunderstandingsandshowhowwellorbadlydifferentpartsofthematerialhavebeenlearned.Thus18mayhavetheeffectofincreasingthelearner’sconfidencebackinguphispreviously19knowledgeandshowinghimwhichitemshehasnot20grasped. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsInsomeearlyattemptsbypsychologiststodescribethebasiclearningprocesstheterms’stimulus’’response’and’reinforcement’wereintroduced.Inaneducationalsettingthese1couldbedefinedasfollows.Whenateachergivesan2orsetsaproblemorasksaquestionthepupil3insomewayandtheteacherthentellsthepupilifhehasrespondedcorrectly.Theteacher’sfirstactioniscalledthe4.Thepupil’sactioncarryingouttheinstructionorsolvingtheproblemoransweringthequestionis5theresponse.Whentheteachertellsthepupilhisresponseis6thebondbetweenthestimulusandtheresponseisstrengthenedandreinforcementispositive.Iftheresponseisincorrectthebondisweakenedandreinforcementis7Somepsychologistslaidgreat8ontheimportanceofreinforcementforcontinuedlearning.They9thatifalearnerisnotgiveninformationabouthisresponsesfeedbackhemaynotcontinuetorespond.10ifhishomeworkisnotmarkedregularlyhewillstopdoingit.Ifinclasstheanswershegivestotheteacher’squestionsare11orbrushedasidehewillstoptryingtogiveany.Educationalpsychologistsare12movingawayfromthissimpleearly13ofthebasiclearningprocess.Theeffectsoffeedbackforexampleareseentobemore14thanthisdescriptionsuggests.Feedbackdoesnotmerelypositivelyornegatively15thestimulus-responsebond.Itmay16confirmpreviouslylearnedmeaningsandassociationscorrectmistakes17misunderstandingsandshowhowwellorbadlydifferentpartsofthematerialhavebeenlearned.Thus18mayhavetheeffectofincreasingthelearner’sconfidencebackinguphispreviously19knowledgeandshowinghimwhichitemshehasnot20grasped. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
金匮共二十五篇第十八篇论述______第二十五篇论述______
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10PointsThebiggestdangerfacingtheglobalairlineindustryisnottheeffectsofterrorismwarSARSandeconomicdownturn.ItisthattheseblowswhichhavehelpedgroundthreenationalflagcarriersandforcetwoAmericanairlinesintobankruptcywilldivertattentionfromtheinherentweaknessesofaviationwhichtheyhaveexacerbated.46AsinthecrisisthatattendedthefirstGulfWarmanyairlineshopethattrafficwillsoonbouncebackandafewcatastrophicyearswillbefollowedbyfullerplaneshappierpassengersandareturntoprofitability.Yettheindustry’sproblemsaredeeper--andolder--thanthetraumaofthepasttwoyearsimplies.AsthecentenaryofthefirstpoweredflightapproachesinDecembertheindustryitlaunchedisstillremarkablyprimitive.47ThecarindustrycreatednotlongaftertheWrightBrothersmadehistoryisnowaglobalindustrydominatedbyadozenfirmsatleasthalfofwhichmakegoodprofits.Yetcommercialaviationconsistsof267internationalcarriersandanother500-plusdomesticones.48Theworld’sbiggestcarrierAmericanAirlineshasbarely7%oftheglobalmarketwhereastheworld’sbiggestcarmakerGeneralMotorshaswithitsassociatedfirmsaboutaquarteroftheworld’sautomobilemarket.Aviationhasbeenincompletelyderegulatedandinonlytwomarkets:AmericaandEurope.Everywhereelsedealsbetweengovernmentsdictatewhofliesunderwhatrules.49Theseaimtopreservestate-ownednationalflag-carriersrunforprestigeratherthanprofitandnumerousrestrictionsonforeignownershiphindercross-borderairlinemergers.InAmericathebignetworkcarriersfacebarrierstoexitwhichhavekepttheirroutenetworkstoolarge.TradeunionsresistingjobcutsandCongressmenopposingrouteclosuresintheirterritoryconspiretoblockchange.InEuropeliberalizationislimitedbybilateraldealsthatpreventforinstanceBritishAirwaysBAflyingtoAmericafromFrankfurtorParis.TousethecarindustryanalogyitisasifonlyRenaultswereallowedtodriveonFrenchmotorways.50Inairlinestheoptimistsarethosewhothinkthatthingsarenowsobadthattheindustryhasnooptionbuttoevolve.FrederickReidpresidentofDeltaAirLinessaidthateventssincetheSeptember11thattacksaretheequivalentofameteorstrikechangingtheclimateandleadingtoa"compressedevolutionarycycle".Sohowlookingonthebrightsidemighttheindustrylookafterfiveyearsofaccelerateddevelopment Theseaimtopreservestate-ownednationalflag-carriersrunforprestigeratherthanprofitandnumerousrestrictionsonforeignownershiphindercross-borderairlinemergers
试述桂枝附子汤白术附子汤甘草附子汤三方的异同点
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsInsomeearlyattemptsbypsychologiststodescribethebasiclearningprocesstheterms’stimulus’’response’and’reinforcement’wereintroduced.Inaneducationalsettingthese1couldbedefinedasfollows.Whenateachergivesan2orsetsaproblemorasksaquestionthepupil3insomewayandtheteacherthentellsthepupilifhehasrespondedcorrectly.Theteacher’sfirstactioniscalledthe4.Thepupil’sactioncarryingouttheinstructionorsolvingtheproblemoransweringthequestionis5theresponse.Whentheteachertellsthepupilhisresponseis6thebondbetweenthestimulusandtheresponseisstrengthenedandreinforcementispositive.Iftheresponseisincorrectthebondisweakenedandreinforcementis7Somepsychologistslaidgreat8ontheimportanceofreinforcementforcontinuedlearning.They9thatifalearnerisnotgiveninformationabouthisresponsesfeedbackhemaynotcontinuetorespond.10ifhishomeworkisnotmarkedregularlyhewillstopdoingit.Ifinclasstheanswershegivestotheteacher’squestionsare11orbrushedasidehewillstoptryingtogiveany.Educationalpsychologistsare12movingawayfromthissimpleearly13ofthebasiclearningprocess.Theeffectsoffeedbackforexampleareseentobemore14thanthisdescriptionsuggests.Feedbackdoesnotmerelypositivelyornegatively15thestimulus-responsebond.Itmay16confirmpreviouslylearnedmeaningsandassociationscorrectmistakes17misunderstandingsandshowhowwellorbadlydifferentpartsofthematerialhavebeenlearned.Thus18mayhavetheeffectofincreasingthelearner’sconfidencebackinguphispreviously19knowledgeandshowinghimwhichitemshehasnot20grasped. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.3
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsInsomeearlyattemptsbypsychologiststodescribethebasiclearningprocesstheterms’stimulus’’response’and’reinforcement’wereintroduced.Inaneducationalsettingthese1couldbedefinedasfollows.Whenateachergivesan2orsetsaproblemorasksaquestionthepupil3insomewayandtheteacherthentellsthepupilifhehasrespondedcorrectly.Theteacher’sfirstactioniscalledthe4.Thepupil’sactioncarryingouttheinstructionorsolvingtheproblemoransweringthequestionis5theresponse.Whentheteachertellsthepupilhisresponseis6thebondbetweenthestimulusandtheresponseisstrengthenedandreinforcementispositive.Iftheresponseisincorrectthebondisweakenedandreinforcementis7Somepsychologistslaidgreat8ontheimportanceofreinforcementforcontinuedlearning.They9thatifalearnerisnotgiveninformationabouthisresponsesfeedbackhemaynotcontinuetorespond.10ifhishomeworkisnotmarkedregularlyhewillstopdoingit.Ifinclasstheanswershegivestotheteacher’squestionsare11orbrushedasidehewillstoptryingtogiveany.Educationalpsychologistsare12movingawayfromthissimpleearly13ofthebasiclearningprocess.Theeffectsoffeedbackforexampleareseentobemore14thanthisdescriptionsuggests.Feedbackdoesnotmerelypositivelyornegatively15thestimulus-responsebond.Itmay16confirmpreviouslylearnedmeaningsandassociationscorrectmistakes17misunderstandingsandshowhowwellorbadlydifferentpartsofthematerialhavebeenlearned.Thus18mayhavetheeffectofincreasingthelearner’sconfidencebackinguphispreviously19knowledgeandshowinghimwhichitemshehasnot20grasped. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
PartBDirections:YouaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextabouttheInternetaddicts.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph41-45.Thefirstandlastpara-graphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10points [A]DifferentbehaviorsoftheInternetaddicts [B]ThefindingofaresearchontheInternetaddicts [C]TheInternetaddictionmaydestroyafamily [D]Theestablishmentofanewserviceforwebaddicts [E]TwoexamplesofharmoftheInternetaddiction [F]TheInternetaddictionmaycausemanyproblemsIt’stheequivalentofinvitingsexaddictstoabrothelorholdinganAlcoholicsAnonymousAAmeetingatthepub.Internetaddictstiredoftheirsquare-eyedkeyboardtappingwaysneedlooknofurtherthantheWebforcounseling.41.__________.Thereisnowanonlinecounsellingserviceatwww.relateorg.nzforInternetobsessives.JustemailthedetailsofyourInternet-inducedcrisisandhelpcomesdirecttoyourinbox.Thenewbreedofcyber-therapistsseenothingstrangeaboutofferinghelpthroughtheverymediumthatisswallowingtheirclients’freetimeandsplittingtheirmarriages.42.__________.ThoughsomemayregardInternetaddictionasanotherdubiousailmentdreameduptokeeptherapistsinworkRelationshipServicessaystheproblemisreal.TherapistRobinPaulsaystheretendtobetwoscenarios.Somepeoplemeetthroughchatroomsandfallinlove.It’slikehavinganaffairthentheymeetandit’slikeawhirlwindhoneymoon.It’sdevastatingforthepersonleftbehindandquiteoftenithasnorealfoundation.ThesecondscenarioisthatapersonstartsspendingmoreandmoretimeontheNet.TheymaynotmeetSomeoneelsebuttheydon’tspendanytimewiththeirpartnerandofcoursetherelationshipsuffers.43.__________.SuchstoriesmayappeartobealmosturbanlegendssoashamedareInternetaddictsandtheirpartners.Arecentsurveyof17251Internetusersfoundnearly6percenthadsomesortofaddictiontothemedium.Theyrevealedthattheironlinehabitcontributedtodisruptedmarriageschildhooddelinquencycrimeandover-spending.Tapintoonlineaddictionsitesandyou’llfindmessagessuchas:"HellomynameisBobandI’maWebaholic."44.__________.WitnesstheplightofOhiowomanKelliMichettiwholiterallybecameacomputerhackerbecauseofherhusband’sconstantonlinechatting.Whenshecrashedameatcleaverthroughherhusband’scomputerterminalthatsolvedtheproblemalthoughnaturallyitledtodifficultieswiththepolice.OrtaketheclassicInternetaddictionstoryofIngridParkerawomanwhobecamesuchaslavetotheInternet--especiallychatrooms--thatittookoverherlife.Shemadedowithtwohours’sleepanighthadmarathonweekendcomputersessionsofupto17hoursandfellinlovewithamarriedmanintheUSstateofOregon.45.__________.Dr.KimberlyYoungwhosetupTheCentreforOnlineAddictionwww.netaddictioncominAmericastudied396peoplewhomsheconsideredwerepsychologicallydependentontheNet.Theyrangedinagefrom14to70andspentanaverageof38.5hoursaweekontheWeb.HerstudybackedbyfurtherresearchinBritainfoundthatwomenweremorelikelytobecomeaddicts.Sowhiletheoldstereotypicaladdictwasayoungmanwhospenthoursplayinggamesdownloadingsoftwareorreadingmessagesonnewsgroupsthenewimageisofayoungwomanwhofrittersawayhourse-mailingfriends.buyingbooksandCDsonlinetalkinginchatroomsandlookingforinformationfornextyear’sholiday."IguessIwasatypicalexampleofsomeonehookedontheInternet"saysParkerwhonowspendsjustanhouradayonline."Idon’tthinkanyonewhoismarriedorinasoundrelationshipshouldreallybespendinghourstalkingtosomeoneelseandignoringtheirnearestanddearest."WhileParkerprovidedherowntherapybyputtingherexperiencesdownonpapersherecommendsotherstakeuptheonlinecounsellingofferorlogofffromtheWorldwideWebgradually. 43
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsInsomeearlyattemptsbypsychologiststodescribethebasiclearningprocesstheterms’stimulus’’response’and’reinforcement’wereintroduced.Inaneducationalsettingthese1couldbedefinedasfollows.Whenateachergivesan2orsetsaproblemorasksaquestionthepupil3insomewayandtheteacherthentellsthepupilifhehasrespondedcorrectly.Theteacher’sfirstactioniscalledthe4.Thepupil’sactioncarryingouttheinstructionorsolvingtheproblemoransweringthequestionis5theresponse.Whentheteachertellsthepupilhisresponseis6thebondbetweenthestimulusandtheresponseisstrengthenedandreinforcementispositive.Iftheresponseisincorrectthebondisweakenedandreinforcementis7Somepsychologistslaidgreat8ontheimportanceofreinforcementforcontinuedlearning.They9thatifalearnerisnotgiveninformationabouthisresponsesfeedbackhemaynotcontinuetorespond.10ifhishomeworkisnotmarkedregularlyhewillstopdoingit.Ifinclasstheanswershegivestotheteacher’squestionsare11orbrushedasidehewillstoptryingtogiveany.Educationalpsychologistsare12movingawayfromthissimpleearly13ofthebasiclearningprocess.Theeffectsoffeedbackforexampleareseentobemore14thanthisdescriptionsuggests.Feedbackdoesnotmerelypositivelyornegatively15thestimulus-responsebond.Itmay16confirmpreviouslylearnedmeaningsandassociationscorrectmistakes17misunderstandingsandshowhowwellorbadlydifferentpartsofthematerialhavebeenlearned.Thus18mayhavetheeffectofincreasingthelearner’sconfidencebackinguphispreviously19knowledgeandshowinghimwhichitemshehasnot20grasped. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
Text3Thereisaconfusednotioninthemindsofmanypeoplethatthegatheringofthepropertyofthepoorintothehandsoftherichdoesnoultimateharmsinceinwhoseverhandsitmaybeitmustbespentatlastandthustheythinkreturntothepooragain.Thisfallacyhasbeenagainandagainexposed;butgrantingthepleatruethesameapologymayofcoursebemadeforblackmailoranyotherformofrobbery.Itmightbethoughpracticallyitneverisasadvantageousforthenotionthattherobbershouldhavethespendingofthemoneyheextortsasthatthepersonrobbedshouldhavespentit.Butthisisnoexcuseforthetheft.IfIweretoputatollgateontheroadwhereitpassesmyowngateandendeavortoextractashillingfromeverypassengerthepublicwouldsoondoawaywithmygatewithoutlisteningtoanypleasonmypartthatitwasasadvantageoustothemintheendthatIshouldspendtheirshillingsasthattheythemselvesshould.ButifinsteadofoutfacingthemwithatollgateIcanonlypersuadethemtocomeinandbuystonesoroldironoranyotheruselessthingoutofmygroundImayrobthemtothesameextentandmoreoverbethankedasapublicbenefactorandpromoterofcommercialprosperity.AndthismainquestionforthepoorofEngland--forthepoorofallcountries--iswhollyomittedineverywritingonthesubjectofwealth.Evenbythelaborersthemselvestheoperationofcapitalisregardedonlyinitseffectontheirimmediateinterestsneverinthefarmoreterrificpowerofitsappointmentofthekindandtheobjectoflabor.Itmatterslittleultimatelyhowmuchalaborerispaidformakinganythingbutitmattersfearfullywhatthethingiswhichheiscompelledtomake.Ifhislaborissoorderedastoproducefoodfreshairandfreshwaternomatterthathiswagesarelowthefoodandthefreshairandwaterwillbeatlastthereandhewillatlastgetthem.Butifheispaidtodestroyfoodandfreshairortoproduceironbarsinsteadofthemthefoodandairwillfinallynotbethereandhewillnotgetthemtohisgreatandfinalinconvenience.Sothatconclusivelyinpoliticalasinhouseholdeconomythegreatquestionisnotsomuchwhatmoneyyouhaveinyourpocketaswhatyouwillbuywithitanddowithit. Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbelieves
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsInsomeearlyattemptsbypsychologiststodescribethebasiclearningprocesstheterms’stimulus’’response’and’reinforcement’wereintroduced.Inaneducationalsettingthese1couldbedefinedasfollows.Whenateachergivesan2orsetsaproblemorasksaquestionthepupil3insomewayandtheteacherthentellsthepupilifhehasrespondedcorrectly.Theteacher’sfirstactioniscalledthe4.Thepupil’sactioncarryingouttheinstructionorsolvingtheproblemoransweringthequestionis5theresponse.Whentheteachertellsthepupilhisresponseis6thebondbetweenthestimulusandtheresponseisstrengthenedandreinforcementispositive.Iftheresponseisincorrectthebondisweakenedandreinforcementis7Somepsychologistslaidgreat8ontheimportanceofreinforcementforcontinuedlearning.They9thatifalearnerisnotgiveninformationabouthisresponsesfeedbackhemaynotcontinuetorespond.10ifhishomeworkisnotmarkedregularlyhewillstopdoingit.Ifinclasstheanswershegivestotheteacher’squestionsare11orbrushedasidehewillstoptryingtogiveany.Educationalpsychologistsare12movingawayfromthissimpleearly13ofthebasiclearningprocess.Theeffectsoffeedbackforexampleareseentobemore14thanthisdescriptionsuggests.Feedbackdoesnotmerelypositivelyornegatively15thestimulus-responsebond.Itmay16confirmpreviouslylearnedmeaningsandassociationscorrectmistakes17misunderstandingsandshowhowwellorbadlydifferentpartsofthematerialhavebeenlearned.Thus18mayhavetheeffectofincreasingthelearner’sconfidencebackinguphispreviously19knowledgeandshowinghimwhichitemshehasnot20grasped. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.1
Text3Thereisaconfusednotioninthemindsofmanypeoplethatthegatheringofthepropertyofthepoorintothehandsoftherichdoesnoultimateharmsinceinwhoseverhandsitmaybeitmustbespentatlastandthustheythinkreturntothepooragain.Thisfallacyhasbeenagainandagainexposed;butgrantingthepleatruethesameapologymayofcoursebemadeforblackmailoranyotherformofrobbery.Itmightbethoughpracticallyitneverisasadvantageousforthenotionthattherobbershouldhavethespendingofthemoneyheextortsasthatthepersonrobbedshouldhavespentit.Butthisisnoexcuseforthetheft.IfIweretoputatollgateontheroadwhereitpassesmyowngateandendeavortoextractashillingfromeverypassengerthepublicwouldsoondoawaywithmygatewithoutlisteningtoanypleasonmypartthatitwasasadvantageoustothemintheendthatIshouldspendtheirshillingsasthattheythemselvesshould.ButifinsteadofoutfacingthemwithatollgateIcanonlypersuadethemtocomeinandbuystonesoroldironoranyotheruselessthingoutofmygroundImayrobthemtothesameextentandmoreoverbethankedasapublicbenefactorandpromoterofcommercialprosperity.AndthismainquestionforthepoorofEngland--forthepoorofallcountries--iswhollyomittedineverywritingonthesubjectofwealth.Evenbythelaborersthemselvestheoperationofcapitalisregardedonlyinitseffectontheirimmediateinterestsneverinthefarmoreterrificpowerofitsappointmentofthekindandtheobjectoflabor.Itmatterslittleultimatelyhowmuchalaborerispaidformakinganythingbutitmattersfearfullywhatthethingiswhichheiscompelledtomake.Ifhislaborissoorderedastoproducefoodfreshairandfreshwaternomatterthathiswagesarelowthefoodandthefreshairandwaterwillbeatlastthereandhewillatlastgetthem.Butifheispaidtodestroyfoodandfreshairortoproduceironbarsinsteadofthemthefoodandairwillfinallynotbethereandhewillnotgetthemtohisgreatandfinalinconvenience.Sothatconclusivelyinpoliticalasinhouseholdeconomythegreatquestionisnotsomuchwhatmoneyyouhaveinyourpocketaswhatyouwillbuywithitanddowithit. Itcanbeinferredthattheauthor’sattitudetowardtheearlystageofBritishindustrializationshouldbeoneof
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40PointsText1Afewcommonmisconceptions.Beautyisonlyskin-deep.One’sphysicalassetsandliabilitiesdon’tcountallthatmuchinamanagerialcareer.Awomanshouldalwaystrytolookherbest.Overthelast30yearssocialscientistshaveconductedmorethan1000studiesofhowwereacttobeautifulandnot-so-beautifulpeople.Thevirtuallyunanimousconclusion:Looksdomattermorethanmostofusrealize.Thedatasuggestforexamplethatphysicallyattractiveindividualsaremorelikelytobetreatedwellbytheirpatentssoughtoutasfriendsandpursuedromantically.Withthepossibleexceptionofwomenseekingmanagerialjobstheyarealsomorelikelytobehiredpaidwellandpromoted.Thescientists’typicalexperimentworkssomethinglikethis.Theygiveeachmemberofagroup--collegestudentsperhapsorteachersorcorporatepersonnelmanagersapieceofpaperrelatinganindividual’saccomplishments.Attachedtothepaperisaphotograph.Whilethepapersallsayexactlythesamethingthepicturesaredifferent.Someshowastrikinglyattractivepersonsomeanaveragelookingcharacterandsomeanunusuallyunattractivehumanbeing.Groupmembersareaskedtoratetheindividualoncertainattributesanythingfrompersonalwarmthtothelikelihoodthatheorshewillbepromoted.Almostinvariablythebetterlookingthepersoninthepicturethehigherthepersonisrated.InthephraseborrowedfromSappothatthesocialscientistsusetosumupthecommonperceptionwhatisbeautifulisgood.Inbusinesshowevergoodlookscutbothwaysforwomenanddeeperthanformen.AUtahStateUniversityprofessorwhoisanauthorityonthesubjectexplains:intermsoftheircareerstheimpactofphysicalattractivenessonmalesisonlymodest.Butitspotentialimpactonfemalescanbetremendousmakingiteasierforexampleforthemoreattractivetogetjobswheretheyareinthepubliceye.Onanothernotethoughthereisenoughliteraturenowforustoconcludethatattractivewomenwhoaspiretomanagerialpositionsdonotgetonaswellaswomenwhomaybelessattractive. ThesentencegoodlookscutbothwaysforwomenLine1Paragraph5meansthat
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsInsomeearlyattemptsbypsychologiststodescribethebasiclearningprocesstheterms’stimulus’’response’and’reinforcement’wereintroduced.Inaneducationalsettingthese1couldbedefinedasfollows.Whenateachergivesan2orsetsaproblemorasksaquestionthepupil3insomewayandtheteacherthentellsthepupilifhehasrespondedcorrectly.Theteacher’sfirstactioniscalledthe4.Thepupil’sactioncarryingouttheinstructionorsolvingtheproblemoransweringthequestionis5theresponse.Whentheteachertellsthepupilhisresponseis6thebondbetweenthestimulusandtheresponseisstrengthenedandreinforcementispositive.Iftheresponseisincorrectthebondisweakenedandreinforcementis7Somepsychologistslaidgreat8ontheimportanceofreinforcementforcontinuedlearning.They9thatifalearnerisnotgiveninformationabouthisresponsesfeedbackhemaynotcontinuetorespond.10ifhishomeworkisnotmarkedregularlyhewillstopdoingit.Ifinclasstheanswershegivestotheteacher’squestionsare11orbrushedasidehewillstoptryingtogiveany.Educationalpsychologistsare12movingawayfromthissimpleearly13ofthebasiclearningprocess.Theeffectsoffeedbackforexampleareseentobemore14thanthisdescriptionsuggests.Feedbackdoesnotmerelypositivelyornegatively15thestimulus-responsebond.Itmay16confirmpreviouslylearnedmeaningsandassociationscorrectmistakes17misunderstandingsandshowhowwellorbadlydifferentpartsofthematerialhavebeenlearned.Thus18mayhavetheeffectofincreasingthelearner’sconfidencebackinguphispreviously19knowledgeandshowinghimwhichitemshehasnot20grasped. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40PointsText1Afewcommonmisconceptions.Beautyisonlyskin-deep.One’sphysicalassetsandliabilitiesdon’tcountallthatmuchinamanagerialcareer.Awomanshouldalwaystrytolookherbest.Overthelast30yearssocialscientistshaveconductedmorethan1000studiesofhowwereacttobeautifulandnot-so-beautifulpeople.Thevirtuallyunanimousconclusion:Looksdomattermorethanmostofusrealize.Thedatasuggestforexamplethatphysicallyattractiveindividualsaremorelikelytobetreatedwellbytheirpatentssoughtoutasfriendsandpursuedromantically.Withthepossibleexceptionofwomenseekingmanagerialjobstheyarealsomorelikelytobehiredpaidwellandpromoted.Thescientists’typicalexperimentworkssomethinglikethis.Theygiveeachmemberofagroup--collegestudentsperhapsorteachersorcorporatepersonnelmanagersapieceofpaperrelatinganindividual’saccomplishments.Attachedtothepaperisaphotograph.Whilethepapersallsayexactlythesamethingthepicturesaredifferent.Someshowastrikinglyattractivepersonsomeanaveragelookingcharacterandsomeanunusuallyunattractivehumanbeing.Groupmembersareaskedtoratetheindividualoncertainattributesanythingfrompersonalwarmthtothelikelihoodthatheorshewillbepromoted.Almostinvariablythebetterlookingthepersoninthepicturethehigherthepersonisrated.InthephraseborrowedfromSappothatthesocialscientistsusetosumupthecommonperceptionwhatisbeautifulisgood.Inbusinesshowevergoodlookscutbothwaysforwomenanddeeperthanformen.AUtahStateUniversityprofessorwhoisanauthorityonthesubjectexplains:intermsoftheircareerstheimpactofphysicalattractivenessonmalesisonlymodest.Butitspotentialimpactonfemalescanbetremendousmakingiteasierforexampleforthemoreattractivetogetjobswheretheyareinthepubliceye.Onanothernotethoughthereisenoughliteraturenowforustoconcludethatattractivewomenwhoaspiretomanagerialpositionsdonotgetonaswellaswomenwhomaybelessattractive. Accordingtothepassagepeopleoftenwronglybelievethatinpursuingacareerasamanager
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10PointsThebiggestdangerfacingtheglobalairlineindustryisnottheeffectsofterrorismwarSARSandeconomicdownturn.ItisthattheseblowswhichhavehelpedgroundthreenationalflagcarriersandforcetwoAmericanairlinesintobankruptcywilldivertattentionfromtheinherentweaknessesofaviationwhichtheyhaveexacerbated.46AsinthecrisisthatattendedthefirstGulfWarmanyairlineshopethattrafficwillsoonbouncebackandafewcatastrophicyearswillbefollowedbyfullerplaneshappierpassengersandareturntoprofitability.Yettheindustry’sproblemsaredeeper--andolder--thanthetraumaofthepasttwoyearsimplies.AsthecentenaryofthefirstpoweredflightapproachesinDecembertheindustryitlaunchedisstillremarkablyprimitive.47ThecarindustrycreatednotlongaftertheWrightBrothersmadehistoryisnowaglobalindustrydominatedbyadozenfirmsatleasthalfofwhichmakegoodprofits.Yetcommercialaviationconsistsof267internationalcarriersandanother500-plusdomesticones.48Theworld’sbiggestcarrierAmericanAirlineshasbarely7%oftheglobalmarketwhereastheworld’sbiggestcarmakerGeneralMotorshaswithitsassociatedfirmsaboutaquarteroftheworld’sautomobilemarket.Aviationhasbeenincompletelyderegulatedandinonlytwomarkets:AmericaandEurope.Everywhereelsedealsbetweengovernmentsdictatewhofliesunderwhatrules.49Theseaimtopreservestate-ownednationalflag-carriersrunforprestigeratherthanprofitandnumerousrestrictionsonforeignownershiphindercross-borderairlinemergers.InAmericathebignetworkcarriersfacebarrierstoexitwhichhavekepttheirroutenetworkstoolarge.TradeunionsresistingjobcutsandCongressmenopposingrouteclosuresintheirterritoryconspiretoblockchange.InEuropeliberalizationislimitedbybilateraldealsthatpreventforinstanceBritishAirwaysBAflyingtoAmericafromFrankfurtorParis.TousethecarindustryanalogyitisasifonlyRenaultswereallowedtodriveonFrenchmotorways.50Inairlinestheoptimistsarethosewhothinkthatthingsarenowsobadthattheindustryhasnooptionbuttoevolve.FrederickReidpresidentofDeltaAirLinessaidthateventssincetheSeptember11thattacksaretheequivalentofameteorstrikechangingtheclimateandleadingtoa"compressedevolutionarycycle".Sohowlookingonthebrightsidemighttheindustrylookafterfiveyearsofaccelerateddevelopment ThecarindustrycreatednotlongaftertheWrightBrothersmadehistoryisnowaglobalindustrydominatedbyadozenfirmsatleasthalfofwhichmakegoodprofits.
Text3Thereisaconfusednotioninthemindsofmanypeoplethatthegatheringofthepropertyofthepoorintothehandsoftherichdoesnoultimateharmsinceinwhoseverhandsitmaybeitmustbespentatlastandthustheythinkreturntothepooragain.Thisfallacyhasbeenagainandagainexposed;butgrantingthepleatruethesameapologymayofcoursebemadeforblackmailoranyotherformofrobbery.Itmightbethoughpracticallyitneverisasadvantageousforthenotionthattherobbershouldhavethespendingofthemoneyheextortsasthatthepersonrobbedshouldhavespentit.Butthisisnoexcuseforthetheft.IfIweretoputatollgateontheroadwhereitpassesmyowngateandendeavortoextractashillingfromeverypassengerthepublicwouldsoondoawaywithmygatewithoutlisteningtoanypleasonmypartthatitwasasadvantageoustothemintheendthatIshouldspendtheirshillingsasthattheythemselvesshould.ButifinsteadofoutfacingthemwithatollgateIcanonlypersuadethemtocomeinandbuystonesoroldironoranyotheruselessthingoutofmygroundImayrobthemtothesameextentandmoreoverbethankedasapublicbenefactorandpromoterofcommercialprosperity.AndthismainquestionforthepoorofEngland--forthepoorofallcountries--iswhollyomittedineverywritingonthesubjectofwealth.Evenbythelaborersthemselvestheoperationofcapitalisregardedonlyinitseffectontheirimmediateinterestsneverinthefarmoreterrificpowerofitsappointmentofthekindandtheobjectoflabor.Itmatterslittleultimatelyhowmuchalaborerispaidformakinganythingbutitmattersfearfullywhatthethingiswhichheiscompelledtomake.Ifhislaborissoorderedastoproducefoodfreshairandfreshwaternomatterthathiswagesarelowthefoodandthefreshairandwaterwillbeatlastthereandhewillatlastgetthem.Butifheispaidtodestroyfoodandfreshairortoproduceironbarsinsteadofthemthefoodandairwillfinallynotbethereandhewillnotgetthemtohisgreatandfinalinconvenience.Sothatconclusivelyinpoliticalasinhouseholdeconomythegreatquestionisnotsomuchwhatmoneyyouhaveinyourpocketaswhatyouwillbuywithitanddowithit. Theauthorgivestheexampleofatollgateinthefirstparagraphtoindicatethat
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40PointsText1Afewcommonmisconceptions.Beautyisonlyskin-deep.One’sphysicalassetsandliabilitiesdon’tcountallthatmuchinamanagerialcareer.Awomanshouldalwaystrytolookherbest.Overthelast30yearssocialscientistshaveconductedmorethan1000studiesofhowwereacttobeautifulandnot-so-beautifulpeople.Thevirtuallyunanimousconclusion:Looksdomattermorethanmostofusrealize.Thedatasuggestforexamplethatphysicallyattractiveindividualsaremorelikelytobetreatedwellbytheirpatentssoughtoutasfriendsandpursuedromantically.Withthepossibleexceptionofwomenseekingmanagerialjobstheyarealsomorelikelytobehiredpaidwellandpromoted.Thescientists’typicalexperimentworkssomethinglikethis.Theygiveeachmemberofagroup--collegestudentsperhapsorteachersorcorporatepersonnelmanagersapieceofpaperrelatinganindividual’saccomplishments.Attachedtothepaperisaphotograph.Whilethepapersallsayexactlythesamethingthepicturesaredifferent.Someshowastrikinglyattractivepersonsomeanaveragelookingcharacterandsomeanunusuallyunattractivehumanbeing.Groupmembersareaskedtoratetheindividualoncertainattributesanythingfrompersonalwarmthtothelikelihoodthatheorshewillbepromoted.Almostinvariablythebetterlookingthepersoninthepicturethehigherthepersonisrated.InthephraseborrowedfromSappothatthesocialscientistsusetosumupthecommonperceptionwhatisbeautifulisgood.Inbusinesshowevergoodlookscutbothwaysforwomenanddeeperthanformen.AUtahStateUniversityprofessorwhoisanauthorityonthesubjectexplains:intermsoftheircareerstheimpactofphysicalattractivenessonmalesisonlymodest.Butitspotentialimpactonfemalescanbetremendousmakingiteasierforexampleforthemoreattractivetogetjobswheretheyareinthepubliceye.Onanothernotethoughthereisenoughliteraturenowforustoconcludethatattractivewomenwhoaspiretomanagerialpositionsdonotgetonaswellaswomenwhomaybelessattractive. Experimentsbyscientistshaveshownthatwhenpeopleevaluateindividualsoncertainattributes
PartBDirections:YouaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextabouttheInternetaddicts.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph41-45.Thefirstandlastpara-graphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10points [A]DifferentbehaviorsoftheInternetaddicts [B]ThefindingofaresearchontheInternetaddicts [C]TheInternetaddictionmaydestroyafamily [D]Theestablishmentofanewserviceforwebaddicts [E]TwoexamplesofharmoftheInternetaddiction [F]TheInternetaddictionmaycausemanyproblemsIt’stheequivalentofinvitingsexaddictstoabrothelorholdinganAlcoholicsAnonymousAAmeetingatthepub.Internetaddictstiredoftheirsquare-eyedkeyboardtappingwaysneedlooknofurtherthantheWebforcounseling.41.__________.Thereisnowanonlinecounsellingserviceatwww.relateorg.nzforInternetobsessives.JustemailthedetailsofyourInternet-inducedcrisisandhelpcomesdirecttoyourinbox.Thenewbreedofcyber-therapistsseenothingstrangeaboutofferinghelpthroughtheverymediumthatisswallowingtheirclients’freetimeandsplittingtheirmarriages.42.__________.ThoughsomemayregardInternetaddictionasanotherdubiousailmentdreameduptokeeptherapistsinworkRelationshipServicessaystheproblemisreal.TherapistRobinPaulsaystheretendtobetwoscenarios.Somepeoplemeetthroughchatroomsandfallinlove.It’slikehavinganaffairthentheymeetandit’slikeawhirlwindhoneymoon.It’sdevastatingforthepersonleftbehindandquiteoftenithasnorealfoundation.ThesecondscenarioisthatapersonstartsspendingmoreandmoretimeontheNet.TheymaynotmeetSomeoneelsebuttheydon’tspendanytimewiththeirpartnerandofcoursetherelationshipsuffers.43.__________.SuchstoriesmayappeartobealmosturbanlegendssoashamedareInternetaddictsandtheirpartners.Arecentsurveyof17251Internetusersfoundnearly6percenthadsomesortofaddictiontothemedium.Theyrevealedthattheironlinehabitcontributedtodisruptedmarriageschildhooddelinquencycrimeandover-spending.Tapintoonlineaddictionsitesandyou’llfindmessagessuchas:"HellomynameisBobandI’maWebaholic."44.__________.WitnesstheplightofOhiowomanKelliMichettiwholiterallybecameacomputerhackerbecauseofherhusband’sconstantonlinechatting.Whenshecrashedameatcleaverthroughherhusband’scomputerterminalthatsolvedtheproblemalthoughnaturallyitledtodifficultieswiththepolice.OrtaketheclassicInternetaddictionstoryofIngridParkerawomanwhobecamesuchaslavetotheInternet--especiallychatrooms--thatittookoverherlife.Shemadedowithtwohours’sleepanighthadmarathonweekendcomputersessionsofupto17hoursandfellinlovewithamarriedmanintheUSstateofOregon.45.__________.Dr.KimberlyYoungwhosetupTheCentreforOnlineAddictionwww.netaddictioncominAmericastudied396peoplewhomsheconsideredwerepsychologicallydependentontheNet.Theyrangedinagefrom14to70andspentanaverageof38.5hoursaweekontheWeb.HerstudybackedbyfurtherresearchinBritainfoundthatwomenweremorelikelytobecomeaddicts.Sowhiletheoldstereotypicaladdictwasayoungmanwhospenthoursplayinggamesdownloadingsoftwareorreadingmessagesonnewsgroupsthenewimageisofayoungwomanwhofrittersawayhourse-mailingfriends.buyingbooksandCDsonlinetalkinginchatroomsandlookingforinformationfornextyear’sholiday."IguessIwasatypicalexampleofsomeonehookedontheInternet"saysParkerwhonowspendsjustanhouradayonline."Idon’tthinkanyonewhoismarriedorinasoundrelationshipshouldreallybespendinghourstalkingtosomeoneelseandignoringtheirnearestanddearest."WhileParkerprovidedherowntherapybyputtingherexperiencesdownonpapersherecommendsotherstakeuptheonlinecounsellingofferorlogofffromtheWorldwideWebgradually. 45
冒眩
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsInsomeearlyattemptsbypsychologiststodescribethebasiclearningprocesstheterms’stimulus’’response’and’reinforcement’wereintroduced.Inaneducationalsettingthese1couldbedefinedasfollows.Whenateachergivesan2orsetsaproblemorasksaquestionthepupil3insomewayandtheteacherthentellsthepupilifhehasrespondedcorrectly.Theteacher’sfirstactioniscalledthe4.Thepupil’sactioncarryingouttheinstructionorsolvingtheproblemoransweringthequestionis5theresponse.Whentheteachertellsthepupilhisresponseis6thebondbetweenthestimulusandtheresponseisstrengthenedandreinforcementispositive.Iftheresponseisincorrectthebondisweakenedandreinforcementis7Somepsychologistslaidgreat8ontheimportanceofreinforcementforcontinuedlearning.They9thatifalearnerisnotgiveninformationabouthisresponsesfeedbackhemaynotcontinuetorespond.10ifhishomeworkisnotmarkedregularlyhewillstopdoingit.Ifinclasstheanswershegivestotheteacher’squestionsare11orbrushedasidehewillstoptryingtogiveany.Educationalpsychologistsare12movingawayfromthissimpleearly13ofthebasiclearningprocess.Theeffectsoffeedbackforexampleareseentobemore14thanthisdescriptionsuggests.Feedbackdoesnotmerelypositivelyornegatively15thestimulus-responsebond.Itmay16confirmpreviouslylearnedmeaningsandassociationscorrectmistakes17misunderstandingsandshowhowwellorbadlydifferentpartsofthematerialhavebeenlearned.Thus18mayhavetheeffectofincreasingthelearner’sconfidencebackinguphispreviously19knowledgeandshowinghimwhichitemshehasnot20grasped. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.5
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsInsomeearlyattemptsbypsychologiststodescribethebasiclearningprocesstheterms’stimulus’’response’and’reinforcement’wereintroduced.Inaneducationalsettingthese1couldbedefinedasfollows.Whenateachergivesan2orsetsaproblemorasksaquestionthepupil3insomewayandtheteacherthentellsthepupilifhehasrespondedcorrectly.Theteacher’sfirstactioniscalledthe4.Thepupil’sactioncarryingouttheinstructionorsolvingtheproblemoransweringthequestionis5theresponse.Whentheteachertellsthepupilhisresponseis6thebondbetweenthestimulusandtheresponseisstrengthenedandreinforcementispositive.Iftheresponseisincorrectthebondisweakenedandreinforcementis7Somepsychologistslaidgreat8ontheimportanceofreinforcementforcontinuedlearning.They9thatifalearnerisnotgiveninformationabouthisresponsesfeedbackhemaynotcontinuetorespond.10ifhishomeworkisnotmarkedregularlyhewillstopdoingit.Ifinclasstheanswershegivestotheteacher’squestionsare11orbrushedasidehewillstoptryingtogiveany.Educationalpsychologistsare12movingawayfromthissimpleearly13ofthebasiclearningprocess.Theeffectsoffeedbackforexampleareseentobemore14thanthisdescriptionsuggests.Feedbackdoesnotmerelypositivelyornegatively15thestimulus-responsebond.Itmay16confirmpreviouslylearnedmeaningsandassociationscorrectmistakes17misunderstandingsandshowhowwellorbadlydifferentpartsofthematerialhavebeenlearned.Thus18mayhavetheeffectofincreasingthelearner’sconfidencebackinguphispreviously19knowledgeandshowinghimwhichitemshehasnot20grasped. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.9
厚朴三物汤小承气汤厚朴大黄汤三方有何不同
Text4ThehistorianFrederickJ.Turnerwroteinthe1890’sthattheagrariandiscontentthathadbeendevelopingsteadilyintheUnitedStatessinceabout1870hadbeenspeededbytheclosingoftheinternalfrontier--thatisthedepletionofavailablenewlandneededforfurtherexpansionoftheAmericanfarmingsystem.NotonlywasTurner’sthesisinfluentialatthetimeitwaslateradoptedandelaboratedbyotherscholarssuchasJohnD.HicksinThepopulistRevolt1931.ActuallyhowevernewlandsweretakenupforfarmingintheUnitedStatesthroughoutandbeyondthenineteenthcentury.Inthe1890’swhenagrariandiscontenthadbecomemostacute1100000newfarmsweresettledwhichwas500000morethanhadbeensettledduringthepreviousdecade.After1890underthetermsoftheHomesteadActanditssuccessorsmorenewlandwastakenupforfanningthanhadbeentakenupforthispurposeintheUnitedstatesupuntilthattime.Itistruethatahighproportionofthenewlyfannedlandwassuitableonlyforgrazinganddryfarmingbutagriculturalpracticeshadbecomesufficientlyadvancedtomakeitpossibletoincreasetheprofitabilityoffarmingbyutilizingeventheserelativelybarrenlands.Theemphasisgivenbybothscholarsandstatesmentothepresumeddisappearance’oftheAmericanfrontierhelpedtoobscurethegreatimportanceofchangesintheconditionsandconsequencesofinternationaltradethatoccurredduringthesecondhalfofthenineteenthcentury.In1869theSuezCanalwasopenedandthefirsttranscontinentalrailroadintheUnitedStateswascompleted.Anextensivenetworkoftelegraphandtelephonecommunicationswasspun:EuropewasconnectedbysubmarinecablewiththeUnitedStatesin1866andwithSouthAmericain1874.Byabout1870improvementsinagriculturaltechnologymadepossiblethefullexploitationofareasthatweremostsuitableforextensivefarmingonamechanizedbasis.HugetractsoflandwerebeingsettledandfarmedinArgentinaAustraliaCanadaandintheAmericanWestandtheseareaswerejoinedwithoneanotherandwiththecountriesofEuropeintoaninterdependentmarketsystem.Asaconsequenceagrariandepressionsnolongerwerelocalornationalinscopeandtheystruckseveralnationswhoseinternalfrontiershadnotvanishedorwerenotabouttovanish.Betweentheearly1870’sandthe1890’sthemountingagrariandiscontentinAmericaparalleledthealmostuninterrupteddeclineinthepricesofAmericanagriculturalproductsonforeignmarkets.Thosestaple-growingfarmersintheUnitedStateswhoexhibitedthegreatestdiscontentwerewhohadbecomemostdependentonforeignmarketsforthesaleoftheirproducts.InsofarasAmericanshadbeendeterredfromtakingupnewlandforfarmingitwasbecausemarketconditionshadmadethisperiodaperiloustimeinwhichtodoso. Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingoccurredpriorto1890.9
Text4ThehistorianFrederickJ.Turnerwroteinthe1890’sthattheagrariandiscontentthathadbeendevelopingsteadilyintheUnitedStatessinceabout1870hadbeenspeededbytheclosingoftheinternalfrontier--thatisthedepletionofavailablenewlandneededforfurtherexpansionoftheAmericanfarmingsystem.NotonlywasTurner’sthesisinfluentialatthetimeitwaslateradoptedandelaboratedbyotherscholarssuchasJohnD.HicksinThepopulistRevolt1931.ActuallyhowevernewlandsweretakenupforfarmingintheUnitedStatesthroughoutandbeyondthenineteenthcentury.Inthe1890’swhenagrariandiscontenthadbecomemostacute1100000newfarmsweresettledwhichwas500000morethanhadbeensettledduringthepreviousdecade.After1890underthetermsoftheHomesteadActanditssuccessorsmorenewlandwastakenupforfanningthanhadbeentakenupforthispurposeintheUnitedstatesupuntilthattime.Itistruethatahighproportionofthenewlyfannedlandwassuitableonlyforgrazinganddryfarmingbutagriculturalpracticeshadbecomesufficientlyadvancedtomakeitpossibletoincreasetheprofitabilityoffarmingbyutilizingeventheserelativelybarrenlands.Theemphasisgivenbybothscholarsandstatesmentothepresumeddisappearance’oftheAmericanfrontierhelpedtoobscurethegreatimportanceofchangesintheconditionsandconsequencesofinternationaltradethatoccurredduringthesecondhalfofthenineteenthcentury.In1869theSuezCanalwasopenedandthefirsttranscontinentalrailroadintheUnitedStateswascompleted.Anextensivenetworkoftelegraphandtelephonecommunicationswasspun:EuropewasconnectedbysubmarinecablewiththeUnitedStatesin1866andwithSouthAmericain1874.Byabout1870improvementsinagriculturaltechnologymadepossiblethefullexploitationofareasthatweremostsuitableforextensivefarmingonamechanizedbasis.HugetractsoflandwerebeingsettledandfarmedinArgentinaAustraliaCanadaandintheAmericanWestandtheseareaswerejoinedwithoneanotherandwiththecountriesofEuropeintoaninterdependentmarketsystem.Asaconsequenceagrariandepressionsnolongerwerelocalornationalinscopeandtheystruckseveralnationswhoseinternalfrontiershadnotvanishedorwerenotabouttovanish.Betweentheearly1870’sandthe1890’sthemountingagrariandiscontentinAmericaparalleledthealmostuninterrupteddeclineinthepricesofAmericanagriculturalproductsonforeignmarkets.Thosestaple-growingfarmersintheUnitedStateswhoexhibitedthegreatestdiscontentwerewhohadbecomemostdependentonforeignmarketsforthesaleoftheirproducts.InsofarasAmericanshadbeendeterredfromtakingupnewlandforfarmingitwasbecausemarketconditionshadmadethisperiodaperiloustimeinwhichtodoso. Comparedtotheyearlypricechangesthatactuallyoccurredonforeignagriculturalmarketsduringthe1880’sAmericanfarmerswouldhavemostpreferredyearlypricechangesthatwere
靖言了了
Text2NowandagainIhavehadhorribledreamsbutnotenoughofthemtomakemeJosemydelightindreams.TobeginwithIliketheideaofdreamingofgoingtobedandlyingstillandthenbysomequeermagicwanderingintoanotherkindofexistence.Icouldneverunderstandwhygrown-upstookdreamingsocalmlywhentheycouldmakesuchafussaboutanyholiday.Thisstillpuzzlesme.Iammystifiedbypeoplewhosaytheyneverdreamandappeartohavenointerestinthesubject.Itismuchmoreastonishingthaniftheysaidtheyneverwentoutforawalk.Mostpeople--oratleastmostWesternEuropeans--donotseemtoacceptdreamingaspartoftheirlives.Theyappeartoseeitasanannoyinglittlehabitlikesneezingoryawning.Ihaveneverunderstoodthis.Mydreamlifedoesnotseemasimportantasmywakinglifeonlybecausethereisfarlessofitbuttomeitisimportant.Asiftherewereatleasttwoextracontinentsaddedtotheworldandlightningexcursionsrunningtothematanymomentbetweenmidnightandbreakfast.Thenagainthedreamlifethoughqueerandconfusingandunsatisfactoryinmanyrespectshasitsownadvantages.Thedeadaretheresmilingandtalking.Thepastistheresome-timesallbrokenandconfusedbutoccasionallyasfreshasadaisy.Andperhapsthefutureistheretoowavingatus.Thisdreamlifeisoftenovershadowedbyhugemysteriousanxietieswithluggagethatcannotbepackedandtrainsthatrefusetobecaught;andbothpersonsandscenestherearenotasdependableandsolidastheyareinwakinglifesothatBrownandSmithmergeintoonepersonwhileRobinsonsplitsintotwoandtherearethickwoodsoutsidethebathroomdoorandthedining-roomissomehowpartofatheaterbalcony;andtherearemomentsofsorroworterrorinthedreamworldthatareworsethananythingelsewehaveknownunderthesun.Yetthisotherlifehasitsinterestsitsenjoymentsitssatisfactionsandatcertainrareintervalsapeacefulgloworasuddenexcitementlikeglimpsesofanotherformofexistencealtogetherthatwecannotmatchwithopeneyes. BrownSmithandRobinsonare
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsInsomeearlyattemptsbypsychologiststodescribethebasiclearningprocesstheterms’stimulus’’response’and’reinforcement’wereintroduced.Inaneducationalsettingthese1couldbedefinedasfollows.Whenateachergivesan2orsetsaproblemorasksaquestionthepupil3insomewayandtheteacherthentellsthepupilifhehasrespondedcorrectly.Theteacher’sfirstactioniscalledthe4.Thepupil’sactioncarryingouttheinstructionorsolvingtheproblemoransweringthequestionis5theresponse.Whentheteachertellsthepupilhisresponseis6thebondbetweenthestimulusandtheresponseisstrengthenedandreinforcementispositive.Iftheresponseisincorrectthebondisweakenedandreinforcementis7Somepsychologistslaidgreat8ontheimportanceofreinforcementforcontinuedlearning.They9thatifalearnerisnotgiveninformationabouthisresponsesfeedbackhemaynotcontinuetorespond.10ifhishomeworkisnotmarkedregularlyhewillstopdoingit.Ifinclasstheanswershegivestotheteacher’squestionsare11orbrushedasidehewillstoptryingtogiveany.Educationalpsychologistsare12movingawayfromthissimpleearly13ofthebasiclearningprocess.Theeffectsoffeedbackforexampleareseentobemore14thanthisdescriptionsuggests.Feedbackdoesnotmerelypositivelyornegatively15thestimulus-responsebond.Itmay16confirmpreviouslylearnedmeaningsandassociationscorrectmistakes17misunderstandingsandshowhowwellorbadlydifferentpartsofthematerialhavebeenlearned.Thus18mayhavetheeffectofincreasingthelearner’sconfidencebackinguphispreviously19knowledgeandshowinghimwhichitemshehasnot20grasped. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
PartBDirections:YouaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextabouttheInternetaddicts.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph41-45.Thefirstandlastpara-graphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10points [A]DifferentbehaviorsoftheInternetaddicts [B]ThefindingofaresearchontheInternetaddicts [C]TheInternetaddictionmaydestroyafamily [D]Theestablishmentofanewserviceforwebaddicts [E]TwoexamplesofharmoftheInternetaddiction [F]TheInternetaddictionmaycausemanyproblemsIt’stheequivalentofinvitingsexaddictstoabrothelorholdinganAlcoholicsAnonymousAAmeetingatthepub.Internetaddictstiredoftheirsquare-eyedkeyboardtappingwaysneedlooknofurtherthantheWebforcounseling.41.__________.Thereisnowanonlinecounsellingserviceatwww.relateorg.nzforInternetobsessives.JustemailthedetailsofyourInternet-inducedcrisisandhelpcomesdirecttoyourinbox.Thenewbreedofcyber-therapistsseenothingstrangeaboutofferinghelpthroughtheverymediumthatisswallowingtheirclients’freetimeandsplittingtheirmarriages.42.__________.ThoughsomemayregardInternetaddictionasanotherdubiousailmentdreameduptokeeptherapistsinworkRelationshipServicessaystheproblemisreal.TherapistRobinPaulsaystheretendtobetwoscenarios.Somepeoplemeetthroughchatroomsandfallinlove.It’slikehavinganaffairthentheymeetandit’slikeawhirlwindhoneymoon.It’sdevastatingforthepersonleftbehindandquiteoftenithasnorealfoundation.ThesecondscenarioisthatapersonstartsspendingmoreandmoretimeontheNet.TheymaynotmeetSomeoneelsebuttheydon’tspendanytimewiththeirpartnerandofcoursetherelationshipsuffers.43.__________.SuchstoriesmayappeartobealmosturbanlegendssoashamedareInternetaddictsandtheirpartners.Arecentsurveyof17251Internetusersfoundnearly6percenthadsomesortofaddictiontothemedium.Theyrevealedthattheironlinehabitcontributedtodisruptedmarriageschildhooddelinquencycrimeandover-spending.Tapintoonlineaddictionsitesandyou’llfindmessagessuchas:"HellomynameisBobandI’maWebaholic."44.__________.WitnesstheplightofOhiowomanKelliMichettiwholiterallybecameacomputerhackerbecauseofherhusband’sconstantonlinechatting.Whenshecrashedameatcleaverthroughherhusband’scomputerterminalthatsolvedtheproblemalthoughnaturallyitledtodifficultieswiththepolice.OrtaketheclassicInternetaddictionstoryofIngridParkerawomanwhobecamesuchaslavetotheInternet--especiallychatrooms--thatittookoverherlife.Shemadedowithtwohours’sleepanighthadmarathonweekendcomputersessionsofupto17hoursandfellinlovewithamarriedmanintheUSstateofOregon.45.__________.Dr.KimberlyYoungwhosetupTheCentreforOnlineAddictionwww.netaddictioncominAmericastudied396peoplewhomsheconsideredwerepsychologicallydependentontheNet.Theyrangedinagefrom14to70andspentanaverageof38.5hoursaweekontheWeb.HerstudybackedbyfurtherresearchinBritainfoundthatwomenweremorelikelytobecomeaddicts.Sowhiletheoldstereotypicaladdictwasayoungmanwhospenthoursplayinggamesdownloadingsoftwareorreadingmessagesonnewsgroupsthenewimageisofayoungwomanwhofrittersawayhourse-mailingfriends.buyingbooksandCDsonlinetalkinginchatroomsandlookingforinformationfornextyear’sholiday."IguessIwasatypicalexampleofsomeonehookedontheInternet"saysParkerwhonowspendsjustanhouradayonline."Idon’tthinkanyonewhoismarriedorinasoundrelationshipshouldreallybespendinghourstalkingtosomeoneelseandignoringtheirnearestanddearest."WhileParkerprovidedherowntherapybyputtingherexperiencesdownonpapersherecommendsotherstakeuptheonlinecounsellingofferorlogofffromtheWorldwideWebgradually. 41
热门题库
更多
高考政治
高考历史
国家统考科目
香港法概论
反间谍法
__学
合同法
证据学
民事诉讼法学
民法学
刑法学
消费者权益保护法
法理学
竞争法
国际公法
国际经济法
湘公网安备 43130202000226号