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Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Itisgenerallyrecognizedintheworld thatthesecondGulfWarinIraqisacrucialtestofhigh-speedWeb.For decadesAmericanshaveanxiously1eachwarthroughanew communications2fromtheearlysilentfilmofWorldWar Itothe24-hourcablenews3ofthefirstPersianGulf War.Now4bombsexplodinginBaghdada suddenincreaseinwartime5foronlinenewshasbecomea centraltestofthe6ofhigh-speedInternetconnections. Itisalsoagood7bothtoattractuserstoonline media8andtopersuadethemtopayforthematerialthey findthere9thevalueoftheCableNewsNetworkpersuaded millionsto10tocableduringthelastwarin Iraq.11byasteadyriseoverthelast18 monthsinthenumberofpeoplewithhigh-speedInternet12 nowatmorethan70millionintheUnitedStatestheWebsitesof manyofthemajornewsorganizationshave13assembleda novelcollage拼贴of14videoaudioreportsphotography collectionsanimatedweaponry15interactivemapsand othernewdigitalreportage.TheseInternetservicesare 16ontheremarkableabundanceofsoundsandimages 17fromvideocameras18onBaghdadand journaliststravelingwithtroops.Andtheyhavefounda19 audienceofAmericanofficeworkers20their computersduringtheearlycombat.245words
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Thefirstmanwhocookedhisfood insteadofeatingitrawlivedsolongagothatwehavenoideawhohewasor wherehelived.Wedoknowhoweverthat1thousandsof yearsfoodwasalwayseatencoldand2.Perhapsthecooked foodwasheatedaccidentallybya3fireorbythemelted lavafromanerupting4.Whenpeoplefirsttastedfood thathadbeencookedtheyfoundittastedbetter.However5 afterthisdiscovercookedfoodmusthaveremainedararity 6manlearnedhowtomakeandlight7 .Primitivemenwholivedinhotregionscoulddepend ontheheatofthesun8theirfood.Forexampleinthe desert9ofthesouthwestern.UnitedStatestheIndians cookedtheirfoodby10itonaflat11 inthehotsun.Theycookedpieceofmeatandthincakesofcommeal inthis12.Wesurmisethattheearliestkitchen 13wasstick14whichapieceofmeat couldbeattachedandheldoverafire.Laterthisstickwas15 byanironrodorspitwhichcouldbeturnedfrequentlytocookthe meat16allsides.Cookingfoodinwater was17beforemanlearnedtomakewatercontainersthat couldnotbe18byfire.The19 cookingpotswerereedorgrassbasketsinwhichsoupsandstews couldbecooked.Asearlyas166B.CtheEgyptianshadlearnedtomake 20permanentcookingpotsoutofsandstone.Manyyearslater theEskimoslearnedtomakesimilarpans.
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfour texts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyour answersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1 Formyproposedjourneythefirst prioritywasclearlytostartlearningArabic.Ihaveneverbeenalinguist. ThoughIhadtraveledwidelyasajournalistIhadnevermanagedtopickup morethanasmatteringofphrasesinanytongueotherthanFrenchandevenmy Frenchwaslaboriousforwantoflengthypractice.Theprospectoftacklingone ofthenotoriouslydifficultlanguagesattheageoffortyandtryingtospeak itwellbothdeterredandexcitedme.Itwasperhapsexpectingalittletoo muchofacuriouslyunreceptivepartofmyselfyetthepossibilitythatImight gainaccesstoacompletelyaliencultureandtraditionbythismeanswas enormouslypleasing.Ienrolledasapupilinasmallschoolin thecenterofthecity.ItwasrunbyaMrBeheitofdapperappearanceand explosivetemperamentwhoassuredmethatafterthreemonthsofhisspecial treatmentIwouldspeakArabicfluently.Whereuponhedrewfromhisdeska postcardwhichanoldpupilhadsenthimfromsomewhereintheMiddleEast expressinggreatgratitudeandreportingtheastonishmentoflocalArabsthathe couldconversewiththemlikeanative.ItwaswritteninEnglish.MrBeheit himselfspentmostofhistimecoachingbusinessmeninFrenchandthroughthe thinpartitionedwallsofhisschoolonecouldhearhimbellowingin exasperationatsomeconfusedentrepreneur:NonM.Jones.Janesuispas francais.PasPasPas!NoMr.JonesI’mNOTFrenchI’mnotnotNOT!.I wasgratifiedthatmyowntutorwhosenamewasAhmedwasinfinitelysofterand lesspublicinapproach.Foracoupleofhourseverymorningwe wouldfaceeachotheracrossasmalltablewhilewediscussedinmeticulous detailthecolourschemeofthetinycubicletheeventsinthestreetbelow andonceaweekthehair-raisingprogressofawindow-cleaneracrossthewall ofthebuildingopposite.InbetweenhearinginmindtheparticularinterestI hadinacquiringArabicIwouldinquirethewaytosomeimaginaryoasis anxiouslydemandfodderandwaterformycamelswonderpolitelywhetherthe sheikhwaspreparedtograntmeaudiencenow.Itwasallhardgoing.I frequentlydespairedofeverbecominganythinglikeafluentspeakerthough AhmedassuredmethatmypronunciationwasaboveaverageforaWestemer.ThisI suspectedwaspartlyflatteryforthereareacoupleofArabicsoundswhich notevenagiftformimicryallowedmetograspforages.Thereweremoreover vastdistinctionsofmeaningconveyedbysubtlesoundshiftsrarelyemployedin English.Andformetheproblemwasincreasedbytheneedtoassimilatea vocabularythatwouldvaryfromplacetoplaceacrossfiveessentially Arabic-speakingcountriesthatpracticedvernacularsoftheirown:sothatthe wordforpeopleforinstancemightbenaissah’aborsooken. EachdayIwasmentallyexhaustedbythestrainofamorninginschool followedbyanafternoonstrugglingathomewithataperecorder.Yettherewas reliefinthemostelementaryformsofunderstandingandprogress.Whenmerely gotthedriftofatorrentwhichAhmedhadjustreleasedIwaschildishly elated.WhenImanagedtorollacompletesentenceoffmytonguewithout apparentlythinkingwhatIwassayinganditcameoutrightIbeamedlikean idiot.AndtheenjoymentofreadingandwritingtheflowingArabicscriptwas somethingthatdidnotleavemeonceIhadmasteredit.BytheendofJune no-onecouldhavedescribedmeasanythinglikeafluentspeakerofArabic.I wasapproximatelyinthepositionofafifteen-yearoldwhoequippedwitha modicumofschoolroomFrenchnervouslyawaitshisfirsttriptoParis.Butthis wassomethingIcouldreproveuponinmyowntime.IbadefarewelltoMrBeheit stillstrugglingtodrivetheFrenchnegativeintothestillconfusedmindofMr Jones.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSEaccordingtothepassage
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Thefirstmanwhocookedhisfood insteadofeatingitrawlivedsolongagothatwehavenoideawhohewasor wherehelived.Wedoknowhoweverthat1thousandsof yearsfoodwasalwayseatencoldand2.Perhapsthecooked foodwasheatedaccidentallybya3fireorbythemelted lavafromanerupting4.Whenpeoplefirsttastedfood thathadbeencookedtheyfoundittastedbetter.However5 afterthisdiscovercookedfoodmusthaveremainedararity 6manlearnedhowtomakeandlight7 .Primitivemenwholivedinhotregionscoulddepend ontheheatofthesun8theirfood.Forexampleinthe desert9ofthesouthwestern.UnitedStatestheIndians cookedtheirfoodby10itonaflat11 inthehotsun.Theycookedpieceofmeatandthincakesofcommeal inthis12.Wesurmisethattheearliestkitchen 13wasstick14whichapieceofmeat couldbeattachedandheldoverafire.Laterthisstickwas15 byanironrodorspitwhichcouldbeturnedfrequentlytocookthe meat16allsides.Cookingfoodinwater was17beforemanlearnedtomakewatercontainersthat couldnotbe18byfire.The19 cookingpotswerereedorgrassbasketsinwhichsoupsandstews couldbecooked.Asearlyas166B.CtheEgyptianshadlearnedtomake 20permanentcookingpotsoutofsandstone.Manyyearslater theEskimoslearnedtomakesimilarpans.
Text4 Themediacanimpactcurrentevents.As agraduatestudentatBerkeleyinthe1960sIrememberexperiencingtheevents relatedtothePeople’sParkthatwereoccurringoncampus.Someoftheseevents weregivennationalmediacoverageinthepressandonTV.Ifoundit interestingtocomparemyimpressionsofwhatwasgoingonwithperceptions obtainedfromthenewsmedia.Icouldbegintoseeeventsofthattimefeedon newscoverage.Thisalsoprovidedmewithsomehealthyinsightsintothe distinctionsbetweentheserealities.Electronicmediaare havingagreaterimpactonthepeople’sliveseveryday.Peoplegathermoreand moreoftheirimpressionsfromrepresentations.Televisionandtelephone communicationsarelinkingpeopletoaglobalvillageorwhatonewritercalls theelectroniccity.Considertheinformationthattelevisionbringsintoyour homeeveryday.Consideralsothecontractyouhavewithotherssimplybyusing telephone.Thesemediaextendyourconsciousnessandyourcontact.Forexample thevideocoverageofthe1989SanFranciscoearthquakefocusedonliveaction suchasthefiresortherescueefforts.Thisgavetheviewertheimpressionof totaldisaster.TelevisioncoverageoftheIraqiWaralsodevelopedan immediacy.CNNreportedeventsastheyhappened.Thiscoveragewasdistributed worldwide.Althoughmostpeoplewerefarawayfromtheseeventstheydeveloped someperceptionoftheserealities.In1992manypeoplewatched inhorrorasriotsbrokeoutonasadWednesdayeveninginLosAngeles seeminglyfedbyvideocoveragefromhelicopters.Thiseventwastriggeredby theverdictintheRodneyKingbeating.Wearenowinanagewherethepublic canhaveaccesstoinformationthatenablesittomakeitsownjudgementsand mostpeoplewhohadseenthevideoofthisbeatingcouldnotunderstandhow thejurywasabletoacquitthepolicemeninvolved.Mediacoverageofeventsas theyoccuralsoprovidespowerfulfeedbackthatinfluencesevents.Thiscanhave harmfulresultsasitseemedonthatWednesdaynightinLosAngeles.ByFriday nightthepublicgottoseeRodneyKingontelevisionpleadingCanweallget alongBySaturdaytelevisionseemedtoprovidepositivefeedbackastheLos Angelesriotturnedoutintoarallyforpeace.Thetelevisionshowedthousands ofpeoplemarchingwithbannersandcleaningtools.Becauseofthatmanymore peopleturnedouttojointhepeacefuleventtheysawunfoldingontelevision. Therealhealingofcoursewilltakemuchlongerbutelectronicmediawill continuetobeapartofthatprocess.The1992LosAngelesriotsbrokeoutbecause______.
材料1 到2010年形成中国特色社会主义法律体系是党的十五大提出的新时期立法工作总体目标经过各方面共同努力到上届末中国特色社会主义法律体系已经基本形成本届全国__结合新形势和新任务确定了以形成中国特色社会主义法律体系为目标以提高立法质量为重点的立法工作思路科学回答了形成中国特色社会主义法律体系必须坚特的若干重大原则及时制定了五年立法规划坚持两手抓一是抓紧制定在法律体系中起支架作用的重要法律二是集中力量开展法律清理工作以确保到2010年形成中国特色社会主义法律体系 ——摘自2009年6月27日新华网__在十一届全国__第九次会议闭幕会上的讲话 材料2 有法可依是建设社会主义法治国家的前提经过多年不懈的努力以__为核心的中国特色社会主义法律体系基本形成当代中国的法律体系部门齐全层次分明结构协调体例科学主要由七个法律部门和三个不同层级的法律规范构成 ——摘自2008年2月28日新华社中国的法治建设白皮书 请回答 1社会主义法律的本质体现在哪些方面 2中国特色社会主义法律体系构成中七个法律部门和三个不同层级的法律规范具体是什么 3社会主义法律的运行包括哪些环节
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Thefirstmanwhocookedhisfood insteadofeatingitrawlivedsolongagothatwehavenoideawhohewasor wherehelived.Wedoknowhoweverthat1thousandsof yearsfoodwasalwayseatencoldand2.Perhapsthecooked foodwasheatedaccidentallybya3fireorbythemelted lavafromanerupting4.Whenpeoplefirsttastedfood thathadbeencookedtheyfoundittastedbetter.However5 afterthisdiscovercookedfoodmusthaveremainedararity 6manlearnedhowtomakeandlight7 .Primitivemenwholivedinhotregionscoulddepend ontheheatofthesun8theirfood.Forexampleinthe desert9ofthesouthwestern.UnitedStatestheIndians cookedtheirfoodby10itonaflat11 inthehotsun.Theycookedpieceofmeatandthincakesofcommeal inthis12.Wesurmisethattheearliestkitchen 13wasstick14whichapieceofmeat couldbeattachedandheldoverafire.Laterthisstickwas15 byanironrodorspitwhichcouldbeturnedfrequentlytocookthe meat16allsides.Cookingfoodinwater was17beforemanlearnedtomakewatercontainersthat couldnotbe18byfire.The19 cookingpotswerereedorgrassbasketsinwhichsoupsandstews couldbecooked.Asearlyas166B.CtheEgyptianshadlearnedtomake 20permanentcookingpotsoutofsandstone.Manyyearslater theEskimoslearnedtomakesimilarpans.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Thefirstmanwhocookedhisfood insteadofeatingitrawlivedsolongagothatwehavenoideawhohewasor wherehelived.Wedoknowhoweverthat1thousandsof yearsfoodwasalwayseatencoldand2.Perhapsthecooked foodwasheatedaccidentallybya3fireorbythemelted lavafromanerupting4.Whenpeoplefirsttastedfood thathadbeencookedtheyfoundittastedbetter.However5 afterthisdiscovercookedfoodmusthaveremainedararity 6manlearnedhowtomakeandlight7 .Primitivemenwholivedinhotregionscoulddepend ontheheatofthesun8theirfood.Forexampleinthe desert9ofthesouthwestern.UnitedStatestheIndians cookedtheirfoodby10itonaflat11 inthehotsun.Theycookedpieceofmeatandthincakesofcommeal inthis12.Wesurmisethattheearliestkitchen 13wasstick14whichapieceofmeat couldbeattachedandheldoverafire.Laterthisstickwas15 byanironrodorspitwhichcouldbeturnedfrequentlytocookthe meat16allsides.Cookingfoodinwater was17beforemanlearnedtomakewatercontainersthat couldnotbe18byfire.The19 cookingpotswerereedorgrassbasketsinwhichsoupsandstews couldbecooked.Asearlyas166B.CtheEgyptianshadlearnedtomake 20permanentcookingpotsoutofsandstone.Manyyearslater theEskimoslearnedtomakesimilarpans.
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfour texts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyour answersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1 Formyproposedjourneythefirst prioritywasclearlytostartlearningArabic.Ihaveneverbeenalinguist. ThoughIhadtraveledwidelyasajournalistIhadnevermanagedtopickup morethanasmatteringofphrasesinanytongueotherthanFrenchandevenmy Frenchwaslaboriousforwantoflengthypractice.Theprospectoftacklingone ofthenotoriouslydifficultlanguagesattheageoffortyandtryingtospeak itwellbothdeterredandexcitedme.Itwasperhapsexpectingalittletoo muchofacuriouslyunreceptivepartofmyselfyetthepossibilitythatImight gainaccesstoacompletelyaliencultureandtraditionbythismeanswas enormouslypleasing.Ienrolledasapupilinasmallschoolin thecenterofthecity.ItwasrunbyaMrBeheitofdapperappearanceand explosivetemperamentwhoassuredmethatafterthreemonthsofhisspecial treatmentIwouldspeakArabicfluently.Whereuponhedrewfromhisdeska postcardwhichanoldpupilhadsenthimfromsomewhereintheMiddleEast expressinggreatgratitudeandreportingtheastonishmentoflocalArabsthathe couldconversewiththemlikeanative.ItwaswritteninEnglish.MrBeheit himselfspentmostofhistimecoachingbusinessmeninFrenchandthroughthe thinpartitionedwallsofhisschoolonecouldhearhimbellowingin exasperationatsomeconfusedentrepreneur:NonM.Jones.Janesuispas francais.PasPasPas!NoMr.JonesI’mNOTFrenchI’mnotnotNOT!.I wasgratifiedthatmyowntutorwhosenamewasAhmedwasinfinitelysofterand lesspublicinapproach.Foracoupleofhourseverymorningwe wouldfaceeachotheracrossasmalltablewhilewediscussedinmeticulous detailthecolourschemeofthetinycubicletheeventsinthestreetbelow andonceaweekthehair-raisingprogressofawindow-cleaneracrossthewall ofthebuildingopposite.InbetweenhearinginmindtheparticularinterestI hadinacquiringArabicIwouldinquirethewaytosomeimaginaryoasis anxiouslydemandfodderandwaterformycamelswonderpolitelywhetherthe sheikhwaspreparedtograntmeaudiencenow.Itwasallhardgoing.I frequentlydespairedofeverbecominganythinglikeafluentspeakerthough AhmedassuredmethatmypronunciationwasaboveaverageforaWestemer.ThisI suspectedwaspartlyflatteryforthereareacoupleofArabicsoundswhich notevenagiftformimicryallowedmetograspforages.Thereweremoreover vastdistinctionsofmeaningconveyedbysubtlesoundshiftsrarelyemployedin English.Andformetheproblemwasincreasedbytheneedtoassimilatea vocabularythatwouldvaryfromplacetoplaceacrossfiveessentially Arabic-speakingcountriesthatpracticedvernacularsoftheirown:sothatthe wordforpeopleforinstancemightbenaissah’aborsooken. EachdayIwasmentallyexhaustedbythestrainofamorninginschool followedbyanafternoonstrugglingathomewithataperecorder.Yettherewas reliefinthemostelementaryformsofunderstandingandprogress.Whenmerely gotthedriftofatorrentwhichAhmedhadjustreleasedIwaschildishly elated.WhenImanagedtorollacompletesentenceoffmytonguewithout apparentlythinkingwhatIwassayinganditcameoutrightIbeamedlikean idiot.AndtheenjoymentofreadingandwritingtheflowingArabicscriptwas somethingthatdidnotleavemeonceIhadmasteredit.BytheendofJune no-onecouldhavedescribedmeasanythinglikeafluentspeakerofArabic.I wasapproximatelyinthepositionofafifteen-yearoldwhoequippedwitha modicumofschoolroomFrenchnervouslyawaitshisfirsttriptoParis.Butthis wassomethingIcouldreproveuponinmyowntime.IbadefarewelltoMrBeheit stillstrugglingtodrivetheFrenchnegativeintothestillconfusedmindofMr Jones.WhichofthefollowingisnotcharacteristicofMrBeheit
Text4 Themediacanimpactcurrentevents.As agraduatestudentatBerkeleyinthe1960sIrememberexperiencingtheevents relatedtothePeople’sParkthatwereoccurringoncampus.Someoftheseevents weregivennationalmediacoverageinthepressandonTV.Ifoundit interestingtocomparemyimpressionsofwhatwasgoingonwithperceptions obtainedfromthenewsmedia.Icouldbegintoseeeventsofthattimefeedon newscoverage.Thisalsoprovidedmewithsomehealthyinsightsintothe distinctionsbetweentheserealities.Electronicmediaare havingagreaterimpactonthepeople’sliveseveryday.Peoplegathermoreand moreoftheirimpressionsfromrepresentations.Televisionandtelephone communicationsarelinkingpeopletoaglobalvillageorwhatonewritercalls theelectroniccity.Considertheinformationthattelevisionbringsintoyour homeeveryday.Consideralsothecontractyouhavewithotherssimplybyusing telephone.Thesemediaextendyourconsciousnessandyourcontact.Forexample thevideocoverageofthe1989SanFranciscoearthquakefocusedonliveaction suchasthefiresortherescueefforts.Thisgavetheviewertheimpressionof totaldisaster.TelevisioncoverageoftheIraqiWaralsodevelopedan immediacy.CNNreportedeventsastheyhappened.Thiscoveragewasdistributed worldwide.Althoughmostpeoplewerefarawayfromtheseeventstheydeveloped someperceptionoftheserealities.In1992manypeoplewatched inhorrorasriotsbrokeoutonasadWednesdayeveninginLosAngeles seeminglyfedbyvideocoveragefromhelicopters.Thiseventwastriggeredby theverdictintheRodneyKingbeating.Wearenowinanagewherethepublic canhaveaccesstoinformationthatenablesittomakeitsownjudgementsand mostpeoplewhohadseenthevideoofthisbeatingcouldnotunderstandhow thejurywasabletoacquitthepolicemeninvolved.Mediacoverageofeventsas theyoccuralsoprovidespowerfulfeedbackthatinfluencesevents.Thiscanhave harmfulresultsasitseemedonthatWednesdaynightinLosAngeles.ByFriday nightthepublicgottoseeRodneyKingontelevisionpleadingCanweallget alongBySaturdaytelevisionseemedtoprovidepositivefeedbackastheLos Angelesriotturnedoutintoarallyforpeace.Thetelevisionshowedthousands ofpeoplemarchingwithbannersandcleaningtools.Becauseofthatmanymore peopleturnedouttojointhepeacefuleventtheysawunfoldingontelevision. Therealhealingofcoursewilltakemuchlongerbutelectronicmediawill continuetobeapartofthatprocess.AllthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPTthat______.
Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregivenina wrongorderforQuestions41-45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphs intoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Etofillineachnumbered box.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.Mark youranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Thepetitionersarguethatrepealingthetaxwillcostthe Treasurybillionsofdollarsinlostrevenuesandwillresultineither increasedtaxesinthelongrunorcutstoMedicareSocialSecurity environmentalprotectionandothergovernmentprograms.Repealingthelevy wouldenrichtheheirsofAmerica’smillionairesandbillionaireswhile hurtingfamilieswhostruggletomakeendsmeetthepetitionsays. [B]About120wealthyAmericanshadsignedorsupportedapetitionto opposephasingoutthetax.PresidentBushhasincludedtherepealofthetaxin his$1.6trilliontax-cutproposal.NormallywhendozensofAmericansjoinin apoliticalcauseitisnotparticularlynoteworthybutinthiscasethe dozensinclude:GeorgeSorosabillionairefinancier;WarrenBuffettan investorlistedasAmerica’sfourth-richestperson;thephilanthropistDavid RockefellerJr.;andWilliamGatesSr.aSeattlelawyerandfatherof America’srichestmanMicrosoftCorp.ChairmanBillGates.[C] Buffettandcompanycitethesefactorsintheirpetitioncallingforopposition totheestate-taxrepeal.Theyalsodiscusssomethingthat’sequallyemotional andfarmorecomplex:theprincipleofmeritocracy.Theideathateveryonein Americahasanequalchancethatourfatesarenotdeterminedbyaccidentsof birthisoneofourcorevalues.Andnowhereisthisprinciplemorerevered thaninthetechnologyeconomy;entrepreneurshipisalmostbydefinitionan expressionofmeritocracy.[D]BuffetttoldtheTimesthat repealingtheestatetaxwouldbeaterriblemistakeandtheequivalentof choosingthe2020Olympicteambypickingtheeldestsonsofthegoldmedal winnersinthe2000Olympics.[E]Anoldbrokeragecommercial says:Hemadehismoneytheold-fashionedway:Heearnedit.Therewasa perfectparodyoftheadinwhichthelineread:Hemadehismoneythe old-fashionedway:Heinheritedit.In20or50or100yearswhichofthese lineswillberightBuffettandSorosandfriendstotheircreditwantto helpmakethefirstonereal.Let’shopethisisonlyonestepinthat process.[F]ItwasrefreshingtoseeBuffettandGeorgeSoros andanumberofotherextremelywealthyluminariesstandupinoppositionto PresidentBush’sproposedrepealoftheestatetax.Whilethepolicyhassome emotionalattractions—itwouldprotecttheinheritorsofsomesmallbusinesses fromhavingtosellthecompaniestopaytaxesanditistruethatmostpeople havebeentaxedontheirsavingsoncealready—inpracticethetaxrepealwould mainlybeawindfallforaverysmallnumberofveryveryrich people.[G]Presidentwillmakehiscaseforhis$1.6trillion taxcutplandeliveringaspeechatacommunitycenterinSt.Louis.The proposalwouldslashfederaltaxratesacrossalllevelsofincomeeliminate theso-calledmarriagepenaltyandphaseoutestatetaxes.Democrats complainthattheplan—whichwouldcutthetopratefrom39to33percent—would disproportionatelybenefitthewealthyandunnecessarilysquanderexpected budgetsurpluses.SomeoftherichestAmericansareurgingCongressnotto repealtheestatetaxTheNewYorkTimesreportedonWednesday.Feb. 14Order:
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Thefirstmanwhocookedhisfood insteadofeatingitrawlivedsolongagothatwehavenoideawhohewasor wherehelived.Wedoknowhoweverthat1thousandsof yearsfoodwasalwayseatencoldand2.Perhapsthecooked foodwasheatedaccidentallybya3fireorbythemelted lavafromanerupting4.Whenpeoplefirsttastedfood thathadbeencookedtheyfoundittastedbetter.However5 afterthisdiscovercookedfoodmusthaveremainedararity 6manlearnedhowtomakeandlight7 .Primitivemenwholivedinhotregionscoulddepend ontheheatofthesun8theirfood.Forexampleinthe desert9ofthesouthwestern.UnitedStatestheIndians cookedtheirfoodby10itonaflat11 inthehotsun.Theycookedpieceofmeatandthincakesofcommeal inthis12.Wesurmisethattheearliestkitchen 13wasstick14whichapieceofmeat couldbeattachedandheldoverafire.Laterthisstickwas15 byanironrodorspitwhichcouldbeturnedfrequentlytocookthe meat16allsides.Cookingfoodinwater was17beforemanlearnedtomakewatercontainersthat couldnotbe18byfire.The19 cookingpotswerereedorgrassbasketsinwhichsoupsandstews couldbecooked.Asearlyas166B.CtheEgyptianshadlearnedtomake 20permanentcookingpotsoutofsandstone.Manyyearslater theEskimoslearnedtomakesimilarpans.
Text3 Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy EllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicurist isn’tcuttingfillingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe’dliketoeither.Most ofherclientsspend$12to$50weeklybutlastmonthtwolongtimecustomers suddenlystoppedshowingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy.I’magood economicindicatorshesays.Iprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithout whenthey’reconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars.SoSperoisdownscaling shoppingatmiddle-browDillard’sdepartmentstorenearhersuburbanCleveland homeinsteadofNeimanMarcus.Idon’tknowifotherclientsaregoingto abandonmetooshesays.EvenbeforeAlanGreenspan’s admissionthatAmerica’sred-hoteconomyiscoolinglotsofworkingfolkshad alreadyseensignsoftheslowdownthemselves.FromcardealershipstoGap outletssaleshavebeenlaggingformonthsasshopperstempertheirspending. Forretailerswholastyeartookin24percentoftheirrevenuebetween ThanksgivingandChristmasthecautiousapproachiscomingatacrucialtime. Alreadyexpertssayholidaysalesareoff7percentfromlastyear’space.But don’tsoundanyalarmsjustyet.Consumersseemonlymildlyconcernednot panickedandmanysaytheyremainoptimisticabouttheeconomy’slong-term prospectsevenastheydosomemodestbelt-tightening. Consumerssaythey’renotindespairbecausedespitethedreadful headlinestheirownfortunesstillfeelprettygood.Homepricesareholding steadyinmostregions.InManhattanthere’sanewgoldrushhappeninginthe $4millionto$10millionrangepredominantlyfedbyWallStreetbonusessays brokerBarbaraCorcoran.InSanFranciscopricesarestillrisingevenas frenziedoverbiddingquiets.Insteadof20to30offersnowmaybeyouonlyget twoorthreesaysJohnTealdiaBayAreareal-estatebroker.Andmostfolks stillfeelprettycomfortableabouttheirabilitytofindandkeepa job.Manyfolksseesilverliningstothisslowdown.Potential homebuyerswouldcheerforlowerinterestrates.Employerswouldn’tminda littlefewerbubblesinthejobmarket.Manyconsumersseemtohavebeen influencedbystock-marketswingswhichinvestorsnowviewasanecessary ingredienttoasustainedboom.Dinersmightseeanupsidetoo.Gettingatable atManhattan’shotnewAlainDucasserestaurantusedtobeimpossible.Not anymore.ForthatGreenspan＆Co.maystillbeworth toasting.Whenmentioningthe$4millionto$10millionrangeLines3-4Paragraph3theauthoristalkingabout______.
Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregivenina wrongorderforQuestions41-45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphs intoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Etofillineachnumbered box.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.Mark youranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Thepetitionersarguethatrepealingthetaxwillcostthe Treasurybillionsofdollarsinlostrevenuesandwillresultineither increasedtaxesinthelongrunorcutstoMedicareSocialSecurity environmentalprotectionandothergovernmentprograms.Repealingthelevy wouldenrichtheheirsofAmerica’smillionairesandbillionaireswhile hurtingfamilieswhostruggletomakeendsmeetthepetitionsays. [B]About120wealthyAmericanshadsignedorsupportedapetitionto opposephasingoutthetax.PresidentBushhasincludedtherepealofthetaxin his$1.6trilliontax-cutproposal.NormallywhendozensofAmericansjoinin apoliticalcauseitisnotparticularlynoteworthybutinthiscasethe dozensinclude:GeorgeSorosabillionairefinancier;WarrenBuffettan investorlistedasAmerica’sfourth-richestperson;thephilanthropistDavid RockefellerJr.;andWilliamGatesSr.aSeattlelawyerandfatherof America’srichestmanMicrosoftCorp.ChairmanBillGates.[C] Buffettandcompanycitethesefactorsintheirpetitioncallingforopposition totheestate-taxrepeal.Theyalsodiscusssomethingthat’sequallyemotional andfarmorecomplex:theprincipleofmeritocracy.Theideathateveryonein Americahasanequalchancethatourfatesarenotdeterminedbyaccidentsof birthisoneofourcorevalues.Andnowhereisthisprinciplemorerevered thaninthetechnologyeconomy;entrepreneurshipisalmostbydefinitionan expressionofmeritocracy.[D]BuffetttoldtheTimesthat repealingtheestatetaxwouldbeaterriblemistakeandtheequivalentof choosingthe2020Olympicteambypickingtheeldestsonsofthegoldmedal winnersinthe2000Olympics.[E]Anoldbrokeragecommercial says:Hemadehismoneytheold-fashionedway:Heearnedit.Therewasa perfectparodyoftheadinwhichthelineread:Hemadehismoneythe old-fashionedway:Heinheritedit.In20or50or100yearswhichofthese lineswillberightBuffettandSorosandfriendstotheircreditwantto helpmakethefirstonereal.Let’shopethisisonlyonestepinthat process.[F]ItwasrefreshingtoseeBuffettandGeorgeSoros andanumberofotherextremelywealthyluminariesstandupinoppositionto PresidentBush’sproposedrepealoftheestatetax.Whilethepolicyhassome emotionalattractions—itwouldprotecttheinheritorsofsomesmallbusinesses fromhavingtosellthecompaniestopaytaxesanditistruethatmostpeople havebeentaxedontheirsavingsoncealready—inpracticethetaxrepealwould mainlybeawindfallforaverysmallnumberofveryveryrich people.[G]Presidentwillmakehiscaseforhis$1.6trillion taxcutplandeliveringaspeechatacommunitycenterinSt.Louis.The proposalwouldslashfederaltaxratesacrossalllevelsofincomeeliminate theso-calledmarriagepenaltyandphaseoutestatetaxes.Democrats complainthattheplan—whichwouldcutthetopratefrom39to33percent—would disproportionatelybenefitthewealthyandunnecessarilysquanderexpected budgetsurpluses.SomeoftherichestAmericansareurgingCongressnotto repealtheestatetaxTheNewYorkTimesreportedonWednesday.Feb. 14Order:
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Thefirstmanwhocookedhisfood insteadofeatingitrawlivedsolongagothatwehavenoideawhohewasor wherehelived.Wedoknowhoweverthat1thousandsof yearsfoodwasalwayseatencoldand2.Perhapsthecooked foodwasheatedaccidentallybya3fireorbythemelted lavafromanerupting4.Whenpeoplefirsttastedfood thathadbeencookedtheyfoundittastedbetter.However5 afterthisdiscovercookedfoodmusthaveremainedararity 6manlearnedhowtomakeandlight7 .Primitivemenwholivedinhotregionscoulddepend ontheheatofthesun8theirfood.Forexampleinthe desert9ofthesouthwestern.UnitedStatestheIndians cookedtheirfoodby10itonaflat11 inthehotsun.Theycookedpieceofmeatandthincakesofcommeal inthis12.Wesurmisethattheearliestkitchen 13wasstick14whichapieceofmeat couldbeattachedandheldoverafire.Laterthisstickwas15 byanironrodorspitwhichcouldbeturnedfrequentlytocookthe meat16allsides.Cookingfoodinwater was17beforemanlearnedtomakewatercontainersthat couldnotbe18byfire.The19 cookingpotswerereedorgrassbasketsinwhichsoupsandstews couldbecooked.Asearlyas166B.CtheEgyptianshadlearnedtomake 20permanentcookingpotsoutofsandstone.Manyyearslater theEskimoslearnedtomakesimilarpans.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Thefirstmanwhocookedhisfood insteadofeatingitrawlivedsolongagothatwehavenoideawhohewasor wherehelived.Wedoknowhoweverthat1thousandsof yearsfoodwasalwayseatencoldand2.Perhapsthecooked foodwasheatedaccidentallybya3fireorbythemelted lavafromanerupting4.Whenpeoplefirsttastedfood thathadbeencookedtheyfoundittastedbetter.However5 afterthisdiscovercookedfoodmusthaveremainedararity 6manlearnedhowtomakeandlight7 .Primitivemenwholivedinhotregionscoulddepend ontheheatofthesun8theirfood.Forexampleinthe desert9ofthesouthwestern.UnitedStatestheIndians cookedtheirfoodby10itonaflat11 inthehotsun.Theycookedpieceofmeatandthincakesofcommeal inthis12.Wesurmisethattheearliestkitchen 13wasstick14whichapieceofmeat couldbeattachedandheldoverafire.Laterthisstickwas15 byanironrodorspitwhichcouldbeturnedfrequentlytocookthe meat16allsides.Cookingfoodinwater was17beforemanlearnedtomakewatercontainersthat couldnotbe18byfire.The19 cookingpotswerereedorgrassbasketsinwhichsoupsandstews couldbecooked.Asearlyas166B.CtheEgyptianshadlearnedtomake 20permanentcookingpotsoutofsandstone.Manyyearslater theEskimoslearnedtomakesimilarpans.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Thefirstmanwhocookedhisfood insteadofeatingitrawlivedsolongagothatwehavenoideawhohewasor wherehelived.Wedoknowhoweverthat1thousandsof yearsfoodwasalwayseatencoldand2.Perhapsthecooked foodwasheatedaccidentallybya3fireorbythemelted lavafromanerupting4.Whenpeoplefirsttastedfood thathadbeencookedtheyfoundittastedbetter.However5 afterthisdiscovercookedfoodmusthaveremainedararity 6manlearnedhowtomakeandlight7 .Primitivemenwholivedinhotregionscoulddepend ontheheatofthesun8theirfood.Forexampleinthe desert9ofthesouthwestern.UnitedStatestheIndians cookedtheirfoodby10itonaflat11 inthehotsun.Theycookedpieceofmeatandthincakesofcommeal inthis12.Wesurmisethattheearliestkitchen 13wasstick14whichapieceofmeat couldbeattachedandheldoverafire.Laterthisstickwas15 byanironrodorspitwhichcouldbeturnedfrequentlytocookthe meat16allsides.Cookingfoodinwater was17beforemanlearnedtomakewatercontainersthat couldnotbe18byfire.The19 cookingpotswerereedorgrassbasketsinwhichsoupsandstews couldbecooked.Asearlyas166B.CtheEgyptianshadlearnedtomake 20permanentcookingpotsoutofsandstone.Manyyearslater theEskimoslearnedtomakesimilarpans.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Thefirstmanwhocookedhisfood insteadofeatingitrawlivedsolongagothatwehavenoideawhohewasor wherehelived.Wedoknowhoweverthat1thousandsof yearsfoodwasalwayseatencoldand2.Perhapsthecooked foodwasheatedaccidentallybya3fireorbythemelted lavafromanerupting4.Whenpeoplefirsttastedfood thathadbeencookedtheyfoundittastedbetter.However5 afterthisdiscovercookedfoodmusthaveremainedararity 6manlearnedhowtomakeandlight7 .Primitivemenwholivedinhotregionscoulddepend ontheheatofthesun8theirfood.Forexampleinthe desert9ofthesouthwestern.UnitedStatestheIndians cookedtheirfoodby10itonaflat11 inthehotsun.Theycookedpieceofmeatandthincakesofcommeal inthis12.Wesurmisethattheearliestkitchen 13wasstick14whichapieceofmeat couldbeattachedandheldoverafire.Laterthisstickwas15 byanironrodorspitwhichcouldbeturnedfrequentlytocookthe meat16allsides.Cookingfoodinwater was17beforemanlearnedtomakewatercontainersthat couldnotbe18byfire.The19 cookingpotswerereedorgrassbasketsinwhichsoupsandstews couldbecooked.Asearlyas166B.CtheEgyptianshadlearnedtomake 20permanentcookingpotsoutofsandstone.Manyyearslater theEskimoslearnedtomakesimilarpans.
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfour texts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyour answersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1 Formyproposedjourneythefirst prioritywasclearlytostartlearningArabic.Ihaveneverbeenalinguist. ThoughIhadtraveledwidelyasajournalistIhadnevermanagedtopickup morethanasmatteringofphrasesinanytongueotherthanFrenchandevenmy Frenchwaslaboriousforwantoflengthypractice.Theprospectoftacklingone ofthenotoriouslydifficultlanguagesattheageoffortyandtryingtospeak itwellbothdeterredandexcitedme.Itwasperhapsexpectingalittletoo muchofacuriouslyunreceptivepartofmyselfyetthepossibilitythatImight gainaccesstoacompletelyaliencultureandtraditionbythismeanswas enormouslypleasing.Ienrolledasapupilinasmallschoolin thecenterofthecity.ItwasrunbyaMrBeheitofdapperappearanceand explosivetemperamentwhoassuredmethatafterthreemonthsofhisspecial treatmentIwouldspeakArabicfluently.Whereuponhedrewfromhisdeska postcardwhichanoldpupilhadsenthimfromsomewhereintheMiddleEast expressinggreatgratitudeandreportingtheastonishmentoflocalArabsthathe couldconversewiththemlikeanative.ItwaswritteninEnglish.MrBeheit himselfspentmostofhistimecoachingbusinessmeninFrenchandthroughthe thinpartitionedwallsofhisschoolonecouldhearhimbellowingin exasperationatsomeconfusedentrepreneur:NonM.Jones.Janesuispas francais.PasPasPas!NoMr.JonesI’mNOTFrenchI’mnotnotNOT!.I wasgratifiedthatmyowntutorwhosenamewasAhmedwasinfinitelysofterand lesspublicinapproach.Foracoupleofhourseverymorningwe wouldfaceeachotheracrossasmalltablewhilewediscussedinmeticulous detailthecolourschemeofthetinycubicletheeventsinthestreetbelow andonceaweekthehair-raisingprogressofawindow-cleaneracrossthewall ofthebuildingopposite.InbetweenhearinginmindtheparticularinterestI hadinacquiringArabicIwouldinquirethewaytosomeimaginaryoasis anxiouslydemandfodderandwaterformycamelswonderpolitelywhetherthe sheikhwaspreparedtograntmeaudiencenow.Itwasallhardgoing.I frequentlydespairedofeverbecominganythinglikeafluentspeakerthough AhmedassuredmethatmypronunciationwasaboveaverageforaWestemer.ThisI suspectedwaspartlyflatteryforthereareacoupleofArabicsoundswhich notevenagiftformimicryallowedmetograspforages.Thereweremoreover vastdistinctionsofmeaningconveyedbysubtlesoundshiftsrarelyemployedin English.Andformetheproblemwasincreasedbytheneedtoassimilatea vocabularythatwouldvaryfromplacetoplaceacrossfiveessentially Arabic-speakingcountriesthatpracticedvernacularsoftheirown:sothatthe wordforpeopleforinstancemightbenaissah’aborsooken. EachdayIwasmentallyexhaustedbythestrainofamorninginschool followedbyanafternoonstrugglingathomewithataperecorder.Yettherewas reliefinthemostelementaryformsofunderstandingandprogress.Whenmerely gotthedriftofatorrentwhichAhmedhadjustreleasedIwaschildishly elated.WhenImanagedtorollacompletesentenceoffmytonguewithout apparentlythinkingwhatIwassayinganditcameoutrightIbeamedlikean idiot.AndtheenjoymentofreadingandwritingtheflowingArabicscriptwas somethingthatdidnotleavemeonceIhadmasteredit.BytheendofJune no-onecouldhavedescribedmeasanythinglikeafluentspeakerofArabic.I wasapproximatelyinthepositionofafifteen-yearoldwhoequippedwitha modicumofschoolroomFrenchnervouslyawaitshisfirsttriptoParis.Butthis wassomethingIcouldreproveuponinmyowntime.IbadefarewelltoMrBeheit stillstrugglingtodrivetheFrenchnegativeintothestillconfusedmindofMr Jones.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatAhmedwas______.
Text3 Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy EllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicurist isn’tcuttingfillingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe’dliketoeither.Most ofherclientsspend$12to$50weeklybutlastmonthtwolongtimecustomers suddenlystoppedshowingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy.I’magood economicindicatorshesays.Iprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithout whenthey’reconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars.SoSperoisdownscaling shoppingatmiddle-browDillard’sdepartmentstorenearhersuburbanCleveland homeinsteadofNeimanMarcus.Idon’tknowifotherclientsaregoingto abandonmetooshesays.EvenbeforeAlanGreenspan’s admissionthatAmerica’sred-hoteconomyiscoolinglotsofworkingfolkshad alreadyseensignsoftheslowdownthemselves.FromcardealershipstoGap outletssaleshavebeenlaggingformonthsasshopperstempertheirspending. Forretailerswholastyeartookin24percentoftheirrevenuebetween ThanksgivingandChristmasthecautiousapproachiscomingatacrucialtime. Alreadyexpertssayholidaysalesareoff7percentfromlastyear’space.But don’tsoundanyalarmsjustyet.Consumersseemonlymildlyconcernednot panickedandmanysaytheyremainoptimisticabouttheeconomy’slong-term prospectsevenastheydosomemodestbelt-tightening. Consumerssaythey’renotindespairbecausedespitethedreadful headlinestheirownfortunesstillfeelprettygood.Homepricesareholding steadyinmostregions.InManhattanthere’sanewgoldrushhappeninginthe $4millionto$10millionrangepredominantlyfedbyWallStreetbonusessays brokerBarbaraCorcoran.InSanFranciscopricesarestillrisingevenas frenziedoverbiddingquiets.Insteadof20to30offersnowmaybeyouonlyget twoorthreesaysJohnTealdiaBayAreareal-estatebroker.Andmostfolks stillfeelprettycomfortableabouttheirabilitytofindandkeepa job.Manyfolksseesilverliningstothisslowdown.Potential homebuyerswouldcheerforlowerinterestrates.Employerswouldn’tminda littlefewerbubblesinthejobmarket.Manyconsumersseemtohavebeen influencedbystock-marketswingswhichinvestorsnowviewasanecessary ingredienttoasustainedboom.Dinersmightseeanupsidetoo.Gettingatable atManhattan’shotnewAlainDucasserestaurantusedtobeimpossible.Not anymore.ForthatGreenspan＆Co.maystillbeworth toasting.ByEllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyetLine1Paragraph1theauthormeans______.
Text3 Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy EllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicurist isn’tcuttingfillingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe’dliketoeither.Most ofherclientsspend$12to$50weeklybutlastmonthtwolongtimecustomers suddenlystoppedshowingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy.I’magood economicindicatorshesays.Iprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithout whenthey’reconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars.SoSperoisdownscaling shoppingatmiddle-browDillard’sdepartmentstorenearhersuburbanCleveland homeinsteadofNeimanMarcus.Idon’tknowifotherclientsaregoingto abandonmetooshesays.EvenbeforeAlanGreenspan’s admissionthatAmerica’sred-hoteconomyiscoolinglotsofworkingfolkshad alreadyseensignsoftheslowdownthemselves.FromcardealershipstoGap outletssaleshavebeenlaggingformonthsasshopperstempertheirspending. Forretailerswholastyeartookin24percentoftheirrevenuebetween ThanksgivingandChristmasthecautiousapproachiscomingatacrucialtime. Alreadyexpertssayholidaysalesareoff7percentfromlastyear’space.But don’tsoundanyalarmsjustyet.Consumersseemonlymildlyconcernednot panickedandmanysaytheyremainoptimisticabouttheeconomy’slong-term prospectsevenastheydosomemodestbelt-tightening. Consumerssaythey’renotindespairbecausedespitethedreadful headlinestheirownfortunesstillfeelprettygood.Homepricesareholding steadyinmostregions.InManhattanthere’sanewgoldrushhappeninginthe $4millionto$10millionrangepredominantlyfedbyWallStreetbonusessays brokerBarbaraCorcoran.InSanFranciscopricesarestillrisingevenas frenziedoverbiddingquiets.Insteadof20to30offersnowmaybeyouonlyget twoorthreesaysJohnTealdiaBayAreareal-estatebroker.Andmostfolks stillfeelprettycomfortableabouttheirabilitytofindandkeepa job.Manyfolksseesilverliningstothisslowdown.Potential homebuyerswouldcheerforlowerinterestrates.Employerswouldn’tminda littlefewerbubblesinthejobmarket.Manyconsumersseemtohavebeen influencedbystock-marketswingswhichinvestorsnowviewasanecessary ingredienttoasustainedboom.Dinersmightseeanupsidetoo.Gettingatable atManhattan’shotnewAlainDucasserestaurantusedtobeimpossible.Not anymore.ForthatGreenspan＆Co.maystillbeworth toasting.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Thefirstmanwhocookedhisfood insteadofeatingitrawlivedsolongagothatwehavenoideawhohewasor wherehelived.Wedoknowhoweverthat1thousandsof yearsfoodwasalwayseatencoldand2.Perhapsthecooked foodwasheatedaccidentallybya3fireorbythemelted lavafromanerupting4.Whenpeoplefirsttastedfood thathadbeencookedtheyfoundittastedbetter.However5 afterthisdiscovercookedfoodmusthaveremainedararity 6manlearnedhowtomakeandlight7 .Primitivemenwholivedinhotregionscoulddepend ontheheatofthesun8theirfood.Forexampleinthe desert9ofthesouthwestern.UnitedStatestheIndians cookedtheirfoodby10itonaflat11 inthehotsun.Theycookedpieceofmeatandthincakesofcommeal inthis12.Wesurmisethattheearliestkitchen 13wasstick14whichapieceofmeat couldbeattachedandheldoverafire.Laterthisstickwas15 byanironrodorspitwhichcouldbeturnedfrequentlytocookthe meat16allsides.Cookingfoodinwater was17beforemanlearnedtomakewatercontainersthat couldnotbe18byfire.The19 cookingpotswerereedorgrassbasketsinwhichsoupsandstews couldbecooked.Asearlyas166B.CtheEgyptianshadlearnedtomake 20permanentcookingpotsoutofsandstone.Manyyearslater theEskimoslearnedtomakesimilarpans.
20世纪中国人民在前进道路上经历了三次历史性的巨大变化试论第二次和第三次历史性巨变及其对中华民族振兴和中国社会主义现代化建设的深远影响
Text2 Americansusuallyconsiderthemselvesa friendlypeople.Theirfriendshipshowevertendtobeshorterandmorecasual thanfriendshipsamongpeoplefromothercultures.Itisnotuncommonfor Americanstohaveonlyoneclosefriendduringtheirlife-timeandconsider otherfriendstobejustsocialacquaintances.Thisattitudeprobablyhas somethingtodowithAmericanmobilityandthefactthatAmericansdonotlike tobedependentonotherpeople.Theytendtocompartmentalizefriendships havingfriendsatworkfriendsonthesoftballteamfamilyfriends etc.BecausetheUnitedStatesisahighlyactivesocietyfull ofmovementandchangepeoplealwaysseemtobeonthego.Inthishighly chargedatmosphereAmericanscansometimesseembrusqueorimpatient.Theywant togettoknowyouasquicklyaspossibleandthenmoveontosomethingelse. Sometimesearlyontheywillaskyouquestionsthatyoumayfeelarevery personal.Noinsultisintended;thequestionsusuallygrowoutoftheirgenuine interestorcuriosityandtheirimpatiencetogettotheheartofthematter. Andthesamegoesforyou.IfyoudonotunderstandcertainAmericanbehavioror youwanttoknowmoreaboutthemdonothesitatetoaskthemquestionsabout themselves.Americansareusuallyeagertoexplainallabouttheircountry oranythingAmericaninwhichyoumaybeinterested.Somuchsoinfactthat youmaybecometiredoflistening.Itdoesn’tmatterbecauseAmericanstendto beuncomfortablewithsilenceduringaconversation.Theywouldrathertalk abouttheweatherorthelatestsportsscoresforexamplethandealwith silence.Ontheotherhanddon’texpectAmericanstobe knowledgeableaboutinternationalgeographyorworldaffairsunlessthose subjectsdirectlyinvolvetheUnitedStates.BecausetheUnitedStatesisnot surroundedbymanyothernationssomeAmericanstendtoignoretherestofthe world.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Itisgenerallyrecognizedintheworld thatthesecondGulfWarinIraqisacrucialtestofhigh-speedWeb.For decadesAmericanshaveanxiously1eachwarthroughanew communications2fromtheearlysilentfilmofWorldWar Itothe24-hourcablenews3ofthefirstPersianGulf War.Now4bombsexplodinginBaghdada suddenincreaseinwartime5foronlinenewshasbecomea centraltestofthe6ofhigh-speedInternetconnections. Itisalsoagood7bothtoattractuserstoonline media8andtopersuadethemtopayforthematerialthey findthere9thevalueoftheCableNewsNetworkpersuaded millionsto10tocableduringthelastwarin Iraq.11byasteadyriseoverthelast18 monthsinthenumberofpeoplewithhigh-speedInternet12 nowatmorethan70millionintheUnitedStatestheWebsitesof manyofthemajornewsorganizationshave13assembleda novelcollage拼贴of14videoaudioreportsphotography collectionsanimatedweaponry15interactivemapsand othernewdigitalreportage.TheseInternetservicesare 16ontheremarkableabundanceofsoundsandimages 17fromvideocameras18onBaghdadand journaliststravelingwithtroops.Andtheyhavefounda19 audienceofAmericanofficeworkers20their computersduringtheearlycombat.245words
Directions: Afterbeinginvolvedinanaccidentyouwerelookedafterbyanotherperson. Writeaspeciallettertoexpressyourthanks. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.UseLiMinginstead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyand thentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe writtenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. Theenergycontainedinrockwithintheearth’scrust representsanearlyunlimitedenergysourcebutuntilrecentlycommercial retrievalhasbeenlimitedtoundergroundhotwaterand/orsteamrecovery systems.Thesesystemshavebeendevelopedinareasofrecentvolcanicactivity wherehighratesofheatflowcausevisibleeruptionofwaterintheformof geysersandhotsprings.Inotherareashoweverhotrockalsoexistsnearthe surfacebutthereisinsufficientwaterpresenttoproduceeruptivephenomena. ThusapotentialhotdryrockHDRreservoirexistswhenevertheamountof spontaneouslyproducedgeothermalfluidhasbeenjudgedinadequateforexisting commercialsystems.Asaresultoftherecentenergycrisisnew conceptsforcreatingHDErecoverysystems—whichinvolvedrillingholesand connectingthemtoartificialreservoirsplaceddeepwithinthecrust—arebeing developed.46InallattemptstoretrieveenergyfromHED’sreservoir artificialstimulationwillberequiredtocreateeithersufficientpermeability orboundedflowpathstofacilitatetheremovalofheatbycirculationofa fluidoverthesurfaceoftherock.47TheHDRresource baseisgenerallydefinedtoincludecrustalrockthatishotterthan150℃is atdepthslessthantenkilometersandcanbedrilledwithpresentlyavailable equipment.Althoughwellsdeeperthantenkilometersaretechnically feasibleprevailingeconomicfactorswillobviouslydeterminethecommercial feasibilityofwellsatsuchdepths.Rocktemperaturesaslowas 100℃maybeusefulforspaceheating;howeverforproducingelectricity temperaturesgreaterthan200℃aredesirable.Thegeothermal gradientwhichspecificallydeterminesthedepthofdrillingrequiredtoreach adesiredtemperatureisamajorfactorintherecoverabilityofgeothermal resources.48Temperaturegradientmapsgeneratedfromoil andgaswelltemperature-depthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssociationof PetroleumGeologistssuggestthattapablehigh-temperaturegradientsare distributedallacrosstheUnitedStates.Therearemanyareashoweverfor whichnotemperaturegradientrecordsexist.Indications arethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge.49Ifanaveragegeothermal temperaturegradientof22℃perkilometerofdepthisusedastaggering 13000000quadrillionB.T.U’softotalenergyarecalculatedtobecontained incrustalrocktoatenkilometerdepthintheUnitedStates.Ifwe conservativelyestimatethatonlyabout0.2perceptisrecoverablewefinda totalthatiscomparabletotheestimatedresourcebaseofallthecoal remainingintheUnitedStates.50Theremainingproblemistobalancethe economicsofdeeperhottermorecostlywellsandshallowercoolerless expensivewellsagainstthevalueofthefinalproductelectricityand/or heat.
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyand thentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe writtenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. Theenergycontainedinrockwithintheearth’scrust representsanearlyunlimitedenergysourcebutuntilrecentlycommercial retrievalhasbeenlimitedtoundergroundhotwaterand/orsteamrecovery systems.Thesesystemshavebeendevelopedinareasofrecentvolcanicactivity wherehighratesofheatflowcausevisibleeruptionofwaterintheformof geysersandhotsprings.Inotherareashoweverhotrockalsoexistsnearthe surfacebutthereisinsufficientwaterpresenttoproduceeruptivephenomena. ThusapotentialhotdryrockHDRreservoirexistswhenevertheamountof spontaneouslyproducedgeothermalfluidhasbeenjudgedinadequateforexisting commercialsystems.Asaresultoftherecentenergycrisisnew conceptsforcreatingHDErecoverysystems—whichinvolvedrillingholesand connectingthemtoartificialreservoirsplaceddeepwithinthecrust—arebeing developed.46InallattemptstoretrieveenergyfromHED’sreservoir artificialstimulationwillberequiredtocreateeithersufficientpermeability orboundedflowpathstofacilitatetheremovalofheatbycirculationofa fluidoverthesurfaceoftherock.47TheHDRresource baseisgenerallydefinedtoincludecrustalrockthatishotterthan150℃is atdepthslessthantenkilometersandcanbedrilledwithpresentlyavailable equipment.Althoughwellsdeeperthantenkilometersaretechnically feasibleprevailingeconomicfactorswillobviouslydeterminethecommercial feasibilityofwellsatsuchdepths.Rocktemperaturesaslowas 100℃maybeusefulforspaceheating;howeverforproducingelectricity temperaturesgreaterthan200℃aredesirable.Thegeothermal gradientwhichspecificallydeterminesthedepthofdrillingrequiredtoreach adesiredtemperatureisamajorfactorintherecoverabilityofgeothermal resources.48Temperaturegradientmapsgeneratedfromoil andgaswelltemperature-depthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssociationof PetroleumGeologistssuggestthattapablehigh-temperaturegradientsare distributedallacrosstheUnitedStates.Therearemanyareashoweverfor whichnotemperaturegradientrecordsexist.Indications arethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge.49Ifanaveragegeothermal temperaturegradientof22℃perkilometerofdepthisusedastaggering 13000000quadrillionB.T.U’softotalenergyarecalculatedtobecontained incrustalrocktoatenkilometerdepthintheUnitedStates.Ifwe conservativelyestimatethatonlyabout0.2perceptisrecoverablewefinda totalthatiscomparabletotheestimatedresourcebaseofallthecoal remainingintheUnitedStates.50Theremainingproblemistobalancethe economicsofdeeperhottermorecostlywellsandshallowercoolerless expensivewellsagainstthevalueofthefinalproductelectricityand/or heat.
Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregivenina wrongorderforQuestions41-45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphs intoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Etofillineachnumbered box.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.Mark youranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Thepetitionersarguethatrepealingthetaxwillcostthe Treasurybillionsofdollarsinlostrevenuesandwillresultineither increasedtaxesinthelongrunorcutstoMedicareSocialSecurity environmentalprotectionandothergovernmentprograms.Repealingthelevy wouldenrichtheheirsofAmerica’smillionairesandbillionaireswhile hurtingfamilieswhostruggletomakeendsmeetthepetitionsays. [B]About120wealthyAmericanshadsignedorsupportedapetitionto opposephasingoutthetax.PresidentBushhasincludedtherepealofthetaxin his$1.6trilliontax-cutproposal.NormallywhendozensofAmericansjoinin apoliticalcauseitisnotparticularlynoteworthybutinthiscasethe dozensinclude:GeorgeSorosabillionairefinancier;WarrenBuffettan investorlistedasAmerica’sfourth-richestperson;thephilanthropistDavid RockefellerJr.;andWilliamGatesSr.aSeattlelawyerandfatherof America’srichestmanMicrosoftCorp.ChairmanBillGates.[C] Buffettandcompanycitethesefactorsintheirpetitioncallingforopposition totheestate-taxrepeal.Theyalsodiscusssomethingthat’sequallyemotional andfarmorecomplex:theprincipleofmeritocracy.Theideathateveryonein Americahasanequalchancethatourfatesarenotdeterminedbyaccidentsof birthisoneofourcorevalues.Andnowhereisthisprinciplemorerevered thaninthetechnologyeconomy;entrepreneurshipisalmostbydefinitionan expressionofmeritocracy.[D]BuffetttoldtheTimesthat repealingtheestatetaxwouldbeaterriblemistakeandtheequivalentof choosingthe2020Olympicteambypickingtheeldestsonsofthegoldmedal winnersinthe2000Olympics.[E]Anoldbrokeragecommercial says:Hemadehismoneytheold-fashionedway:Heearnedit.Therewasa perfectparodyoftheadinwhichthelineread:Hemadehismoneythe old-fashionedway:Heinheritedit.In20or50or100yearswhichofthese lineswillberightBuffettandSorosandfriendstotheircreditwantto helpmakethefirstonereal.Let’shopethisisonlyonestepinthat process.[F]ItwasrefreshingtoseeBuffettandGeorgeSoros andanumberofotherextremelywealthyluminariesstandupinoppositionto PresidentBush’sproposedrepealoftheestatetax.Whilethepolicyhassome emotionalattractions—itwouldprotecttheinheritorsofsomesmallbusinesses fromhavingtosellthecompaniestopaytaxesanditistruethatmostpeople havebeentaxedontheirsavingsoncealready—inpracticethetaxrepealwould mainlybeawindfallforaverysmallnumberofveryveryrich people.[G]Presidentwillmakehiscaseforhis$1.6trillion taxcutplandeliveringaspeechatacommunitycenterinSt.Louis.The proposalwouldslashfederaltaxratesacrossalllevelsofincomeeliminate theso-calledmarriagepenaltyandphaseoutestatetaxes.Democrats complainthattheplan—whichwouldcutthetopratefrom39to33percent—would disproportionatelybenefitthewealthyandunnecessarilysquanderexpected budgetsurpluses.SomeoftherichestAmericansareurgingCongressnotto repealtheestatetaxTheNewYorkTimesreportedonWednesday.Feb. 14Order:
Text2 Americansusuallyconsiderthemselvesa friendlypeople.Theirfriendshipshowevertendtobeshorterandmorecasual thanfriendshipsamongpeoplefromothercultures.Itisnotuncommonfor Americanstohaveonlyoneclosefriendduringtheirlife-timeandconsider otherfriendstobejustsocialacquaintances.Thisattitudeprobablyhas somethingtodowithAmericanmobilityandthefactthatAmericansdonotlike tobedependentonotherpeople.Theytendtocompartmentalizefriendships havingfriendsatworkfriendsonthesoftballteamfamilyfriends etc.BecausetheUnitedStatesisahighlyactivesocietyfull ofmovementandchangepeoplealwaysseemtobeonthego.Inthishighly chargedatmosphereAmericanscansometimesseembrusqueorimpatient.Theywant togettoknowyouasquicklyaspossibleandthenmoveontosomethingelse. Sometimesearlyontheywillaskyouquestionsthatyoumayfeelarevery personal.Noinsultisintended;thequestionsusuallygrowoutoftheirgenuine interestorcuriosityandtheirimpatiencetogettotheheartofthematter. Andthesamegoesforyou.IfyoudonotunderstandcertainAmericanbehavioror youwanttoknowmoreaboutthemdonothesitatetoaskthemquestionsabout themselves.Americansareusuallyeagertoexplainallabouttheircountry oranythingAmericaninwhichyoumaybeinterested.Somuchsoinfactthat youmaybecometiredoflistening.Itdoesn’tmatterbecauseAmericanstendto beuncomfortablewithsilenceduringaconversation.Theywouldrathertalk abouttheweatherorthelatestsportsscoresforexamplethandealwith silence.Ontheotherhanddon’texpectAmericanstobe knowledgeableaboutinternationalgeographyorworldaffairsunlessthose subjectsdirectlyinvolvetheUnitedStates.BecausetheUnitedStatesisnot surroundedbymanyothernationssomeAmericanstendtoignoretherestofthe world.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.
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