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Mental models guide our perceptions and help us make predictions. Most of our mental models are buil...
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Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Itisgenerallyrecognizedintheworld thatthesecondGulfWarinIraqisacrucialtestofhigh-speedWeb.For decadesAmericanshaveanxiously1eachwarthroughanew communications2fromtheearlysilentfilmofWorldWar Itothe24-hourcablenews3ofthefirstPersianGulf War.Now4bombsexplodinginBaghdada suddenincreaseinwartime5foronlinenewshasbecomea centraltestofthe6ofhigh-speedInternetconnections. Itisalsoagood7bothtoattractuserstoonline media8andtopersuadethemtopayforthematerialthey findthere9thevalueoftheCableNewsNetworkpersuaded millionsto10tocableduringthelastwarin Iraq.11byasteadyriseoverthelast18 monthsinthenumberofpeoplewithhigh-speedInternet12 nowatmorethan70millionintheUnitedStatestheWebsitesof manyofthemajornewsorganizationshave13assembleda novelcollage拼贴of14videoaudioreportsphotography collectionsanimatedweaponry15interactivemapsand othernewdigitalreportage.TheseInternetservicesare 16ontheremarkableabundanceofsoundsandimages 17fromvideocameras18onBaghdadand journaliststravelingwithtroops.Andtheyhavefounda19 audienceofAmericanofficeworkers20their computersduringtheearlycombat.245words
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Thefirstmanwhocookedhisfood insteadofeatingitrawlivedsolongagothatwehavenoideawhohewasor wherehelived.Wedoknowhoweverthat1thousandsof yearsfoodwasalwayseatencoldand2.Perhapsthecooked foodwasheatedaccidentallybya3fireorbythemelted lavafromanerupting4.Whenpeoplefirsttastedfood thathadbeencookedtheyfoundittastedbetter.However5 afterthisdiscovercookedfoodmusthaveremainedararity 6manlearnedhowtomakeandlight7 .Primitivemenwholivedinhotregionscoulddepend ontheheatofthesun8theirfood.Forexampleinthe desert9ofthesouthwestern.UnitedStatestheIndians cookedtheirfoodby10itonaflat11 inthehotsun.Theycookedpieceofmeatandthincakesofcommeal inthis12.Wesurmisethattheearliestkitchen 13wasstick14whichapieceofmeat couldbeattachedandheldoverafire.Laterthisstickwas15 byanironrodorspitwhichcouldbeturnedfrequentlytocookthe meat16allsides.Cookingfoodinwater was17beforemanlearnedtomakewatercontainersthat couldnotbe18byfire.The19 cookingpotswerereedorgrassbasketsinwhichsoupsandstews couldbecooked.Asearlyas166B.CtheEgyptianshadlearnedtomake 20permanentcookingpotsoutofsandstone.Manyyearslater theEskimoslearnedtomakesimilarpans.
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfour texts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyour answersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1 Formyproposedjourneythefirst prioritywasclearlytostartlearningArabic.Ihaveneverbeenalinguist. ThoughIhadtraveledwidelyasajournalistIhadnevermanagedtopickup morethanasmatteringofphrasesinanytongueotherthanFrenchandevenmy Frenchwaslaboriousforwantoflengthypractice.Theprospectoftacklingone ofthenotoriouslydifficultlanguagesattheageoffortyandtryingtospeak itwellbothdeterredandexcitedme.Itwasperhapsexpectingalittletoo muchofacuriouslyunreceptivepartofmyselfyetthepossibilitythatImight gainaccesstoacompletelyaliencultureandtraditionbythismeanswas enormouslypleasing.Ienrolledasapupilinasmallschoolin thecenterofthecity.ItwasrunbyaMrBeheitofdapperappearanceand explosivetemperamentwhoassuredmethatafterthreemonthsofhisspecial treatmentIwouldspeakArabicfluently.Whereuponhedrewfromhisdeska postcardwhichanoldpupilhadsenthimfromsomewhereintheMiddleEast expressinggreatgratitudeandreportingtheastonishmentoflocalArabsthathe couldconversewiththemlikeanative.ItwaswritteninEnglish.MrBeheit himselfspentmostofhistimecoachingbusinessmeninFrenchandthroughthe thinpartitionedwallsofhisschoolonecouldhearhimbellowingin exasperationatsomeconfusedentrepreneur:NonM.Jones.Janesuispas francais.PasPasPas!NoMr.JonesI’mNOTFrenchI’mnotnotNOT!.I wasgratifiedthatmyowntutorwhosenamewasAhmedwasinfinitelysofterand lesspublicinapproach.Foracoupleofhourseverymorningwe wouldfaceeachotheracrossasmalltablewhilewediscussedinmeticulous detailthecolourschemeofthetinycubicletheeventsinthestreetbelow andonceaweekthehair-raisingprogressofawindow-cleaneracrossthewall ofthebuildingopposite.InbetweenhearinginmindtheparticularinterestI hadinacquiringArabicIwouldinquirethewaytosomeimaginaryoasis anxiouslydemandfodderandwaterformycamelswonderpolitelywhetherthe sheikhwaspreparedtograntmeaudiencenow.Itwasallhardgoing.I frequentlydespairedofeverbecominganythinglikeafluentspeakerthough AhmedassuredmethatmypronunciationwasaboveaverageforaWestemer.ThisI suspectedwaspartlyflatteryforthereareacoupleofArabicsoundswhich notevenagiftformimicryallowedmetograspforages.Thereweremoreover vastdistinctionsofmeaningconveyedbysubtlesoundshiftsrarelyemployedin English.Andformetheproblemwasincreasedbytheneedtoassimilatea vocabularythatwouldvaryfromplacetoplaceacrossfiveessentially Arabic-speakingcountriesthatpracticedvernacularsoftheirown:sothatthe wordforpeopleforinstancemightbenaissah’aborsooken. EachdayIwasmentallyexhaustedbythestrainofamorninginschool followedbyanafternoonstrugglingathomewithataperecorder.Yettherewas reliefinthemostelementaryformsofunderstandingandprogress.Whenmerely gotthedriftofatorrentwhichAhmedhadjustreleasedIwaschildishly elated.WhenImanagedtorollacompletesentenceoffmytonguewithout apparentlythinkingwhatIwassayinganditcameoutrightIbeamedlikean idiot.AndtheenjoymentofreadingandwritingtheflowingArabicscriptwas somethingthatdidnotleavemeonceIhadmasteredit.BytheendofJune no-onecouldhavedescribedmeasanythinglikeafluentspeakerofArabic.I wasapproximatelyinthepositionofafifteen-yearoldwhoequippedwitha modicumofschoolroomFrenchnervouslyawaitshisfirsttriptoParis.Butthis wassomethingIcouldreproveuponinmyowntime.IbadefarewelltoMrBeheit stillstrugglingtodrivetheFrenchnegativeintothestillconfusedmindofMr Jones.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSEaccordingtothepassage
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Thefirstmanwhocookedhisfood insteadofeatingitrawlivedsolongagothatwehavenoideawhohewasor wherehelived.Wedoknowhoweverthat1thousandsof yearsfoodwasalwayseatencoldand2.Perhapsthecooked foodwasheatedaccidentallybya3fireorbythemelted lavafromanerupting4.Whenpeoplefirsttastedfood thathadbeencookedtheyfoundittastedbetter.However5 afterthisdiscovercookedfoodmusthaveremainedararity 6manlearnedhowtomakeandlight7 .Primitivemenwholivedinhotregionscoulddepend ontheheatofthesun8theirfood.Forexampleinthe desert9ofthesouthwestern.UnitedStatestheIndians cookedtheirfoodby10itonaflat11 inthehotsun.Theycookedpieceofmeatandthincakesofcommeal inthis12.Wesurmisethattheearliestkitchen 13wasstick14whichapieceofmeat couldbeattachedandheldoverafire.Laterthisstickwas15 byanironrodorspitwhichcouldbeturnedfrequentlytocookthe meat16allsides.Cookingfoodinwater was17beforemanlearnedtomakewatercontainersthat couldnotbe18byfire.The19 cookingpotswerereedorgrassbasketsinwhichsoupsandstews couldbecooked.Asearlyas166B.CtheEgyptianshadlearnedtomake 20permanentcookingpotsoutofsandstone.Manyyearslater theEskimoslearnedtomakesimilarpans.
Text4 Themediacanimpactcurrentevents.As agraduatestudentatBerkeleyinthe1960sIrememberexperiencingtheevents relatedtothePeople’sParkthatwereoccurringoncampus.Someoftheseevents weregivennationalmediacoverageinthepressandonTV.Ifoundit interestingtocomparemyimpressionsofwhatwasgoingonwithperceptions obtainedfromthenewsmedia.Icouldbegintoseeeventsofthattimefeedon newscoverage.Thisalsoprovidedmewithsomehealthyinsightsintothe distinctionsbetweentheserealities.Electronicmediaare havingagreaterimpactonthepeople’sliveseveryday.Peoplegathermoreand moreoftheirimpressionsfromrepresentations.Televisionandtelephone communicationsarelinkingpeopletoaglobalvillageorwhatonewritercalls theelectroniccity.Considertheinformationthattelevisionbringsintoyour homeeveryday.Consideralsothecontractyouhavewithotherssimplybyusing telephone.Thesemediaextendyourconsciousnessandyourcontact.Forexample thevideocoverageofthe1989SanFranciscoearthquakefocusedonliveaction suchasthefiresortherescueefforts.Thisgavetheviewertheimpressionof totaldisaster.TelevisioncoverageoftheIraqiWaralsodevelopedan immediacy.CNNreportedeventsastheyhappened.Thiscoveragewasdistributed worldwide.Althoughmostpeoplewerefarawayfromtheseeventstheydeveloped someperceptionoftheserealities.In1992manypeoplewatched inhorrorasriotsbrokeoutonasadWednesdayeveninginLosAngeles seeminglyfedbyvideocoveragefromhelicopters.Thiseventwastriggeredby theverdictintheRodneyKingbeating.Wearenowinanagewherethepublic canhaveaccesstoinformationthatenablesittomakeitsownjudgementsand mostpeoplewhohadseenthevideoofthisbeatingcouldnotunderstandhow thejurywasabletoacquitthepolicemeninvolved.Mediacoverageofeventsas theyoccuralsoprovidespowerfulfeedbackthatinfluencesevents.Thiscanhave harmfulresultsasitseemedonthatWednesdaynightinLosAngeles.ByFriday nightthepublicgottoseeRodneyKingontelevisionpleadingCanweallget alongBySaturdaytelevisionseemedtoprovidepositivefeedbackastheLos Angelesriotturnedoutintoarallyforpeace.Thetelevisionshowedthousands ofpeoplemarchingwithbannersandcleaningtools.Becauseofthatmanymore peopleturnedouttojointhepeacefuleventtheysawunfoldingontelevision. Therealhealingofcoursewilltakemuchlongerbutelectronicmediawill continuetobeapartofthatprocess.The1992LosAngelesriotsbrokeoutbecause______.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Thefirstmanwhocookedhisfood insteadofeatingitrawlivedsolongagothatwehavenoideawhohewasor wherehelived.Wedoknowhoweverthat1thousandsof yearsfoodwasalwayseatencoldand2.Perhapsthecooked foodwasheatedaccidentallybya3fireorbythemelted lavafromanerupting4.Whenpeoplefirsttastedfood thathadbeencookedtheyfoundittastedbetter.However5 afterthisdiscovercookedfoodmusthaveremainedararity 6manlearnedhowtomakeandlight7 .Primitivemenwholivedinhotregionscoulddepend ontheheatofthesun8theirfood.Forexampleinthe desert9ofthesouthwestern.UnitedStatestheIndians cookedtheirfoodby10itonaflat11 inthehotsun.Theycookedpieceofmeatandthincakesofcommeal inthis12.Wesurmisethattheearliestkitchen 13wasstick14whichapieceofmeat couldbeattachedandheldoverafire.Laterthisstickwas15 byanironrodorspitwhichcouldbeturnedfrequentlytocookthe meat16allsides.Cookingfoodinwater was17beforemanlearnedtomakewatercontainersthat couldnotbe18byfire.The19 cookingpotswerereedorgrassbasketsinwhichsoupsandstews couldbecooked.Asearlyas166B.CtheEgyptianshadlearnedtomake 20permanentcookingpotsoutofsandstone.Manyyearslater theEskimoslearnedtomakesimilarpans.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Thefirstmanwhocookedhisfood insteadofeatingitrawlivedsolongagothatwehavenoideawhohewasor wherehelived.Wedoknowhoweverthat1thousandsof yearsfoodwasalwayseatencoldand2.Perhapsthecooked foodwasheatedaccidentallybya3fireorbythemelted lavafromanerupting4.Whenpeoplefirsttastedfood thathadbeencookedtheyfoundittastedbetter.However5 afterthisdiscovercookedfoodmusthaveremainedararity 6manlearnedhowtomakeandlight7 .Primitivemenwholivedinhotregionscoulddepend ontheheatofthesun8theirfood.Forexampleinthe desert9ofthesouthwestern.UnitedStatestheIndians cookedtheirfoodby10itonaflat11 inthehotsun.Theycookedpieceofmeatandthincakesofcommeal inthis12.Wesurmisethattheearliestkitchen 13wasstick14whichapieceofmeat couldbeattachedandheldoverafire.Laterthisstickwas15 byanironrodorspitwhichcouldbeturnedfrequentlytocookthe meat16allsides.Cookingfoodinwater was17beforemanlearnedtomakewatercontainersthat couldnotbe18byfire.The19 cookingpotswerereedorgrassbasketsinwhichsoupsandstews couldbecooked.Asearlyas166B.CtheEgyptianshadlearnedtomake 20permanentcookingpotsoutofsandstone.Manyyearslater theEskimoslearnedtomakesimilarpans.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Itisgenerallyrecognizedintheworld thatthesecondGulfWarinIraqisacrucialtestofhigh-speedWeb.For decadesAmericanshaveanxiously1eachwarthroughanew communications2fromtheearlysilentfilmofWorldWar Itothe24-hourcablenews3ofthefirstPersianGulf War.Now4bombsexplodinginBaghdada suddenincreaseinwartime5foronlinenewshasbecomea centraltestofthe6ofhigh-speedInternetconnections. Itisalsoagood7bothtoattractuserstoonline media8andtopersuadethemtopayforthematerialthey findthere9thevalueoftheCableNewsNetworkpersuaded millionsto10tocableduringthelastwarin Iraq.11byasteadyriseoverthelast18 monthsinthenumberofpeoplewithhigh-speedInternet12 nowatmorethan70millionintheUnitedStatestheWebsitesof manyofthemajornewsorganizationshave13assembleda novelcollage拼贴of14videoaudioreportsphotography collectionsanimatedweaponry15interactivemapsand othernewdigitalreportage.TheseInternetservicesare 16ontheremarkableabundanceofsoundsandimages 17fromvideocameras18onBaghdadand journaliststravelingwithtroops.Andtheyhavefounda19 audienceofAmericanofficeworkers20their computersduringtheearlycombat.245words
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfour texts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyour answersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1 Formyproposedjourneythefirst prioritywasclearlytostartlearningArabic.Ihaveneverbeenalinguist. ThoughIhadtraveledwidelyasajournalistIhadnevermanagedtopickup morethanasmatteringofphrasesinanytongueotherthanFrenchandevenmy Frenchwaslaboriousforwantoflengthypractice.Theprospectoftacklingone ofthenotoriouslydifficultlanguagesattheageoffortyandtryingtospeak itwellbothdeterredandexcitedme.Itwasperhapsexpectingalittletoo muchofacuriouslyunreceptivepartofmyselfyetthepossibilitythatImight gainaccesstoacompletelyaliencultureandtraditionbythismeanswas enormouslypleasing.Ienrolledasapupilinasmallschoolin thecenterofthecity.ItwasrunbyaMrBeheitofdapperappearanceand explosivetemperamentwhoassuredmethatafterthreemonthsofhisspecial treatmentIwouldspeakArabicfluently.Whereuponhedrewfromhisdeska postcardwhichanoldpupilhadsenthimfromsomewhereintheMiddleEast expressinggreatgratitudeandreportingtheastonishmentoflocalArabsthathe couldconversewiththemlikeanative.ItwaswritteninEnglish.MrBeheit himselfspentmostofhistimecoachingbusinessmeninFrenchandthroughthe thinpartitionedwallsofhisschoolonecouldhearhimbellowingin exasperationatsomeconfusedentrepreneur:NonM.Jones.Janesuispas francais.PasPasPas!NoMr.JonesI’mNOTFrenchI’mnotnotNOT!.I wasgratifiedthatmyowntutorwhosenamewasAhmedwasinfinitelysofterand lesspublicinapproach.Foracoupleofhourseverymorningwe wouldfaceeachotheracrossasmalltablewhilewediscussedinmeticulous detailthecolourschemeofthetinycubicletheeventsinthestreetbelow andonceaweekthehair-raisingprogressofawindow-cleaneracrossthewall ofthebuildingopposite.InbetweenhearinginmindtheparticularinterestI hadinacquiringArabicIwouldinquirethewaytosomeimaginaryoasis anxiouslydemandfodderandwaterformycamelswonderpolitelywhetherthe sheikhwaspreparedtograntmeaudiencenow.Itwasallhardgoing.I frequentlydespairedofeverbecominganythinglikeafluentspeakerthough AhmedassuredmethatmypronunciationwasaboveaverageforaWestemer.ThisI suspectedwaspartlyflatteryforthereareacoupleofArabicsoundswhich notevenagiftformimicryallowedmetograspforages.Thereweremoreover vastdistinctionsofmeaningconveyedbysubtlesoundshiftsrarelyemployedin English.Andformetheproblemwasincreasedbytheneedtoassimilatea vocabularythatwouldvaryfromplacetoplaceacrossfiveessentially Arabic-speakingcountriesthatpracticedvernacularsoftheirown:sothatthe wordforpeopleforinstancemightbenaissah’aborsooken. EachdayIwasmentallyexhaustedbythestrainofamorninginschool followedbyanafternoonstrugglingathomewithataperecorder.Yettherewas reliefinthemostelementaryformsofunderstandingandprogress.Whenmerely gotthedriftofatorrentwhichAhmedhadjustreleasedIwaschildishly elated.WhenImanagedtorollacompletesentenceoffmytonguewithout apparentlythinkingwhatIwassayinganditcameoutrightIbeamedlikean idiot.AndtheenjoymentofreadingandwritingtheflowingArabicscriptwas somethingthatdidnotleavemeonceIhadmasteredit.BytheendofJune no-onecouldhavedescribedmeasanythinglikeafluentspeakerofArabic.I wasapproximatelyinthepositionofafifteen-yearoldwhoequippedwitha modicumofschoolroomFrenchnervouslyawaitshisfirsttriptoParis.Butthis wassomethingIcouldreproveuponinmyowntime.IbadefarewelltoMrBeheit stillstrugglingtodrivetheFrenchnegativeintothestillconfusedmindofMr Jones.WhichofthefollowingisnotcharacteristicofMrBeheit
Text4 Themediacanimpactcurrentevents.As agraduatestudentatBerkeleyinthe1960sIrememberexperiencingtheevents relatedtothePeople’sParkthatwereoccurringoncampus.Someoftheseevents weregivennationalmediacoverageinthepressandonTV.Ifoundit interestingtocomparemyimpressionsofwhatwasgoingonwithperceptions obtainedfromthenewsmedia.Icouldbegintoseeeventsofthattimefeedon newscoverage.Thisalsoprovidedmewithsomehealthyinsightsintothe distinctionsbetweentheserealities.Electronicmediaare havingagreaterimpactonthepeople’sliveseveryday.Peoplegathermoreand moreoftheirimpressionsfromrepresentations.Televisionandtelephone communicationsarelinkingpeopletoaglobalvillageorwhatonewritercalls theelectroniccity.Considertheinformationthattelevisionbringsintoyour homeeveryday.Consideralsothecontractyouhavewithotherssimplybyusing telephone.Thesemediaextendyourconsciousnessandyourcontact.Forexample thevideocoverageofthe1989SanFranciscoearthquakefocusedonliveaction suchasthefiresortherescueefforts.Thisgavetheviewertheimpressionof totaldisaster.TelevisioncoverageoftheIraqiWaralsodevelopedan immediacy.CNNreportedeventsastheyhappened.Thiscoveragewasdistributed worldwide.Althoughmostpeoplewerefarawayfromtheseeventstheydeveloped someperceptionoftheserealities.In1992manypeoplewatched inhorrorasriotsbrokeoutonasadWednesdayeveninginLosAngeles seeminglyfedbyvideocoveragefromhelicopters.Thiseventwastriggeredby theverdictintheRodneyKingbeating.Wearenowinanagewherethepublic canhaveaccesstoinformationthatenablesittomakeitsownjudgementsand mostpeoplewhohadseenthevideoofthisbeatingcouldnotunderstandhow thejurywasabletoacquitthepolicemeninvolved.Mediacoverageofeventsas theyoccuralsoprovidespowerfulfeedbackthatinfluencesevents.Thiscanhave harmfulresultsasitseemedonthatWednesdaynightinLosAngeles.ByFriday nightthepublicgottoseeRodneyKingontelevisionpleadingCanweallget alongBySaturdaytelevisionseemedtoprovidepositivefeedbackastheLos Angelesriotturnedoutintoarallyforpeace.Thetelevisionshowedthousands ofpeoplemarchingwithbannersandcleaningtools.Becauseofthatmanymore peopleturnedouttojointhepeacefuleventtheysawunfoldingontelevision. Therealhealingofcoursewilltakemuchlongerbutelectronicmediawill continuetobeapartofthatprocess.AllthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPTthat______.
Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregivenina wrongorderforQuestions41-45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphs intoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Etofillineachnumbered box.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.Mark youranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Thepetitionersarguethatrepealingthetaxwillcostthe Treasurybillionsofdollarsinlostrevenuesandwillresultineither increasedtaxesinthelongrunorcutstoMedicareSocialSecurity environmentalprotectionandothergovernmentprograms.Repealingthelevy wouldenrichtheheirsofAmerica’smillionairesandbillionaireswhile hurtingfamilieswhostruggletomakeendsmeetthepetitionsays. [B]About120wealthyAmericanshadsignedorsupportedapetitionto opposephasingoutthetax.PresidentBushhasincludedtherepealofthetaxin his$1.6trilliontax-cutproposal.NormallywhendozensofAmericansjoinin apoliticalcauseitisnotparticularlynoteworthybutinthiscasethe dozensinclude:GeorgeSorosabillionairefinancier;WarrenBuffettan investorlistedasAmerica’sfourth-richestperson;thephilanthropistDavid RockefellerJr.;andWilliamGatesSr.aSeattlelawyerandfatherof America’srichestmanMicrosoftCorp.ChairmanBillGates.[C] Buffettandcompanycitethesefactorsintheirpetitioncallingforopposition totheestate-taxrepeal.Theyalsodiscusssomethingthat’sequallyemotional andfarmorecomplex:theprincipleofmeritocracy.Theideathateveryonein Americahasanequalchancethatourfatesarenotdeterminedbyaccidentsof birthisoneofourcorevalues.Andnowhereisthisprinciplemorerevered thaninthetechnologyeconomy;entrepreneurshipisalmostbydefinitionan expressionofmeritocracy.[D]BuffetttoldtheTimesthat repealingtheestatetaxwouldbeaterriblemistakeandtheequivalentof choosingthe2020Olympicteambypickingtheeldestsonsofthegoldmedal winnersinthe2000Olympics.[E]Anoldbrokeragecommercial says:Hemadehismoneytheold-fashionedway:Heearnedit.Therewasa perfectparodyoftheadinwhichthelineread:Hemadehismoneythe old-fashionedway:Heinheritedit.In20or50or100yearswhichofthese lineswillberightBuffettandSorosandfriendstotheircreditwantto helpmakethefirstonereal.Let’shopethisisonlyonestepinthat process.[F]ItwasrefreshingtoseeBuffettandGeorgeSoros andanumberofotherextremelywealthyluminariesstandupinoppositionto PresidentBush’sproposedrepealoftheestatetax.Whilethepolicyhassome emotionalattractions—itwouldprotecttheinheritorsofsomesmallbusinesses fromhavingtosellthecompaniestopaytaxesanditistruethatmostpeople havebeentaxedontheirsavingsoncealready—inpracticethetaxrepealwould mainlybeawindfallforaverysmallnumberofveryveryrich people.[G]Presidentwillmakehiscaseforhis$1.6trillion taxcutplandeliveringaspeechatacommunitycenterinSt.Louis.The proposalwouldslashfederaltaxratesacrossalllevelsofincomeeliminate theso-calledmarriagepenaltyandphaseoutestatetaxes.Democrats complainthattheplan—whichwouldcutthetopratefrom39to33percent—would disproportionatelybenefitthewealthyandunnecessarilysquanderexpected budgetsurpluses.SomeoftherichestAmericansareurgingCongressnotto repealtheestatetaxTheNewYorkTimesreportedonWednesday.Feb. 14Order:
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Thefirstmanwhocookedhisfood insteadofeatingitrawlivedsolongagothatwehavenoideawhohewasor wherehelived.Wedoknowhoweverthat1thousandsof yearsfoodwasalwayseatencoldand2.Perhapsthecooked foodwasheatedaccidentallybya3fireorbythemelted lavafromanerupting4.Whenpeoplefirsttastedfood thathadbeencookedtheyfoundittastedbetter.However5 afterthisdiscovercookedfoodmusthaveremainedararity 6manlearnedhowtomakeandlight7 .Primitivemenwholivedinhotregionscoulddepend ontheheatofthesun8theirfood.Forexampleinthe desert9ofthesouthwestern.UnitedStatestheIndians cookedtheirfoodby10itonaflat11 inthehotsun.Theycookedpieceofmeatandthincakesofcommeal inthis12.Wesurmisethattheearliestkitchen 13wasstick14whichapieceofmeat couldbeattachedandheldoverafire.Laterthisstickwas15 byanironrodorspitwhichcouldbeturnedfrequentlytocookthe meat16allsides.Cookingfoodinwater was17beforemanlearnedtomakewatercontainersthat couldnotbe18byfire.The19 cookingpotswerereedorgrassbasketsinwhichsoupsandstews couldbecooked.Asearlyas166B.CtheEgyptianshadlearnedtomake 20permanentcookingpotsoutofsandstone.Manyyearslater theEskimoslearnedtomakesimilarpans.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Itisgenerallyrecognizedintheworld thatthesecondGulfWarinIraqisacrucialtestofhigh-speedWeb.For decadesAmericanshaveanxiously1eachwarthroughanew communications2fromtheearlysilentfilmofWorldWar Itothe24-hourcablenews3ofthefirstPersianGulf War.Now4bombsexplodinginBaghdada suddenincreaseinwartime5foronlinenewshasbecomea centraltestofthe6ofhigh-speedInternetconnections. Itisalsoagood7bothtoattractuserstoonline media8andtopersuadethemtopayforthematerialthey findthere9thevalueoftheCableNewsNetworkpersuaded millionsto10tocableduringthelastwarin Iraq.11byasteadyriseoverthelast18 monthsinthenumberofpeoplewithhigh-speedInternet12 nowatmorethan70millionintheUnitedStatestheWebsitesof manyofthemajornewsorganizationshave13assembleda novelcollage拼贴of14videoaudioreportsphotography collectionsanimatedweaponry15interactivemapsand othernewdigitalreportage.TheseInternetservicesare 16ontheremarkableabundanceofsoundsandimages 17fromvideocameras18onBaghdadand journaliststravelingwithtroops.Andtheyhavefounda19 audienceofAmericanofficeworkers20their computersduringtheearlycombat.245words
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Itisgenerallyrecognizedintheworld thatthesecondGulfWarinIraqisacrucialtestofhigh-speedWeb.For decadesAmericanshaveanxiously1eachwarthroughanew communications2fromtheearlysilentfilmofWorldWar Itothe24-hourcablenews3ofthefirstPersianGulf War.Now4bombsexplodinginBaghdada suddenincreaseinwartime5foronlinenewshasbecomea centraltestofthe6ofhigh-speedInternetconnections. Itisalsoagood7bothtoattractuserstoonline media8andtopersuadethemtopayforthematerialthey findthere9thevalueoftheCableNewsNetworkpersuaded millionsto10tocableduringthelastwarin Iraq.11byasteadyriseoverthelast18 monthsinthenumberofpeoplewithhigh-speedInternet12 nowatmorethan70millionintheUnitedStatestheWebsitesof manyofthemajornewsorganizationshave13assembleda novelcollage拼贴of14videoaudioreportsphotography collectionsanimatedweaponry15interactivemapsand othernewdigitalreportage.TheseInternetservicesare 16ontheremarkableabundanceofsoundsandimages 17fromvideocameras18onBaghdadand journaliststravelingwithtroops.Andtheyhavefounda19 audienceofAmericanofficeworkers20their computersduringtheearlycombat.245words
Text3 Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy EllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicurist isn’tcuttingfillingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe’dliketoeither.Most ofherclientsspend$12to$50weeklybutlastmonthtwolongtimecustomers suddenlystoppedshowingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy.I’magood economicindicatorshesays.Iprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithout whenthey’reconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars.SoSperoisdownscaling shoppingatmiddle-browDillard’sdepartmentstorenearhersuburbanCleveland homeinsteadofNeimanMarcus.Idon’tknowifotherclientsaregoingto abandonmetooshesays.EvenbeforeAlanGreenspan’s admissionthatAmerica’sred-hoteconomyiscoolinglotsofworkingfolkshad alreadyseensignsoftheslowdownthemselves.FromcardealershipstoGap outletssaleshavebeenlaggingformonthsasshopperstempertheirspending. Forretailerswholastyeartookin24percentoftheirrevenuebetween ThanksgivingandChristmasthecautiousapproachiscomingatacrucialtime. Alreadyexpertssayholidaysalesareoff7percentfromlastyear’space.But don’tsoundanyalarmsjustyet.Consumersseemonlymildlyconcernednot panickedandmanysaytheyremainoptimisticabouttheeconomy’slong-term prospectsevenastheydosomemodestbelt-tightening. Consumerssaythey’renotindespairbecausedespitethedreadful headlinestheirownfortunesstillfeelprettygood.Homepricesareholding steadyinmostregions.InManhattanthere’sanewgoldrushhappeninginthe $4millionto$10millionrangepredominantlyfedbyWallStreetbonusessays brokerBarbaraCorcoran.InSanFranciscopricesarestillrisingevenas frenziedoverbiddingquiets.Insteadof20to30offersnowmaybeyouonlyget twoorthreesaysJohnTealdiaBayAreareal-estatebroker.Andmostfolks stillfeelprettycomfortableabouttheirabilitytofindandkeepa job.Manyfolksseesilverliningstothisslowdown.Potential homebuyerswouldcheerforlowerinterestrates.Employerswouldn’tminda littlefewerbubblesinthejobmarket.Manyconsumersseemtohavebeen influencedbystock-marketswingswhichinvestorsnowviewasanecessary ingredienttoasustainedboom.Dinersmightseeanupsidetoo.Gettingatable atManhattan’shotnewAlainDucasserestaurantusedtobeimpossible.Not anymore.ForthatGreenspan＆Co.maystillbeworth toasting.Whenmentioningthe$4millionto$10millionrangeLines3-4Paragraph3theauthoristalkingabout______.
Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregivenina wrongorderforQuestions41-45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphs intoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Etofillineachnumbered box.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.Mark youranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Thepetitionersarguethatrepealingthetaxwillcostthe Treasurybillionsofdollarsinlostrevenuesandwillresultineither increasedtaxesinthelongrunorcutstoMedicareSocialSecurity environmentalprotectionandothergovernmentprograms.Repealingthelevy wouldenrichtheheirsofAmerica’smillionairesandbillionaireswhile hurtingfamilieswhostruggletomakeendsmeetthepetitionsays. [B]About120wealthyAmericanshadsignedorsupportedapetitionto opposephasingoutthetax.PresidentBushhasincludedtherepealofthetaxin his$1.6trilliontax-cutproposal.NormallywhendozensofAmericansjoinin apoliticalcauseitisnotparticularlynoteworthybutinthiscasethe dozensinclude:GeorgeSorosabillionairefinancier;WarrenBuffettan investorlistedasAmerica’sfourth-richestperson;thephilanthropistDavid RockefellerJr.;andWilliamGatesSr.aSeattlelawyerandfatherof America’srichestmanMicrosoftCorp.ChairmanBillGates.[C] Buffettandcompanycitethesefactorsintheirpetitioncallingforopposition totheestate-taxrepeal.Theyalsodiscusssomethingthat’sequallyemotional andfarmorecomplex:theprincipleofmeritocracy.Theideathateveryonein Americahasanequalchancethatourfatesarenotdeterminedbyaccidentsof birthisoneofourcorevalues.Andnowhereisthisprinciplemorerevered thaninthetechnologyeconomy;entrepreneurshipisalmostbydefinitionan expressionofmeritocracy.[D]BuffetttoldtheTimesthat repealingtheestatetaxwouldbeaterriblemistakeandtheequivalentof choosingthe2020Olympicteambypickingtheeldestsonsofthegoldmedal winnersinthe2000Olympics.[E]Anoldbrokeragecommercial says:Hemadehismoneytheold-fashionedway:Heearnedit.Therewasa perfectparodyoftheadinwhichthelineread:Hemadehismoneythe old-fashionedway:Heinheritedit.In20or50or100yearswhichofthese lineswillberightBuffettandSorosandfriendstotheircreditwantto helpmakethefirstonereal.Let’shopethisisonlyonestepinthat process.[F]ItwasrefreshingtoseeBuffettandGeorgeSoros andanumberofotherextremelywealthyluminariesstandupinoppositionto PresidentBush’sproposedrepealoftheestatetax.Whilethepolicyhassome emotionalattractions—itwouldprotecttheinheritorsofsomesmallbusinesses fromhavingtosellthecompaniestopaytaxesanditistruethatmostpeople havebeentaxedontheirsavingsoncealready—inpracticethetaxrepealwould mainlybeawindfallforaverysmallnumberofveryveryrich people.[G]Presidentwillmakehiscaseforhis$1.6trillion taxcutplandeliveringaspeechatacommunitycenterinSt.Louis.The proposalwouldslashfederaltaxratesacrossalllevelsofincomeeliminate theso-calledmarriagepenaltyandphaseoutestatetaxes.Democrats complainthattheplan—whichwouldcutthetopratefrom39to33percent—would disproportionatelybenefitthewealthyandunnecessarilysquanderexpected budgetsurpluses.SomeoftherichestAmericansareurgingCongressnotto repealtheestatetaxTheNewYorkTimesreportedonWednesday.Feb. 14Order:
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Thefirstmanwhocookedhisfood insteadofeatingitrawlivedsolongagothatwehavenoideawhohewasor wherehelived.Wedoknowhoweverthat1thousandsof yearsfoodwasalwayseatencoldand2.Perhapsthecooked foodwasheatedaccidentallybya3fireorbythemelted lavafromanerupting4.Whenpeoplefirsttastedfood thathadbeencookedtheyfoundittastedbetter.However5 afterthisdiscovercookedfoodmusthaveremainedararity 6manlearnedhowtomakeandlight7 .Primitivemenwholivedinhotregionscoulddepend ontheheatofthesun8theirfood.Forexampleinthe desert9ofthesouthwestern.UnitedStatestheIndians cookedtheirfoodby10itonaflat11 inthehotsun.Theycookedpieceofmeatandthincakesofcommeal inthis12.Wesurmisethattheearliestkitchen 13wasstick14whichapieceofmeat couldbeattachedandheldoverafire.Laterthisstickwas15 byanironrodorspitwhichcouldbeturnedfrequentlytocookthe meat16allsides.Cookingfoodinwater was17beforemanlearnedtomakewatercontainersthat couldnotbe18byfire.The19 cookingpotswerereedorgrassbasketsinwhichsoupsandstews couldbecooked.Asearlyas166B.CtheEgyptianshadlearnedtomake 20permanentcookingpotsoutofsandstone.Manyyearslater theEskimoslearnedtomakesimilarpans.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Thefirstmanwhocookedhisfood insteadofeatingitrawlivedsolongagothatwehavenoideawhohewasor wherehelived.Wedoknowhoweverthat1thousandsof yearsfoodwasalwayseatencoldand2.Perhapsthecooked foodwasheatedaccidentallybya3fireorbythemelted lavafromanerupting4.Whenpeoplefirsttastedfood thathadbeencookedtheyfoundittastedbetter.However5 afterthisdiscovercookedfoodmusthaveremainedararity 6manlearnedhowtomakeandlight7 .Primitivemenwholivedinhotregionscoulddepend ontheheatofthesun8theirfood.Forexampleinthe desert9ofthesouthwestern.UnitedStatestheIndians cookedtheirfoodby10itonaflat11 inthehotsun.Theycookedpieceofmeatandthincakesofcommeal inthis12.Wesurmisethattheearliestkitchen 13wasstick14whichapieceofmeat couldbeattachedandheldoverafire.Laterthisstickwas15 byanironrodorspitwhichcouldbeturnedfrequentlytocookthe meat16allsides.Cookingfoodinwater was17beforemanlearnedtomakewatercontainersthat couldnotbe18byfire.The19 cookingpotswerereedorgrassbasketsinwhichsoupsandstews couldbecooked.Asearlyas166B.CtheEgyptianshadlearnedtomake 20permanentcookingpotsoutofsandstone.Manyyearslater theEskimoslearnedtomakesimilarpans.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Thefirstmanwhocookedhisfood insteadofeatingitrawlivedsolongagothatwehavenoideawhohewasor wherehelived.Wedoknowhoweverthat1thousandsof yearsfoodwasalwayseatencoldand2.Perhapsthecooked foodwasheatedaccidentallybya3fireorbythemelted lavafromanerupting4.Whenpeoplefirsttastedfood thathadbeencookedtheyfoundittastedbetter.However5 afterthisdiscovercookedfoodmusthaveremainedararity 6manlearnedhowtomakeandlight7 .Primitivemenwholivedinhotregionscoulddepend ontheheatofthesun8theirfood.Forexampleinthe desert9ofthesouthwestern.UnitedStatestheIndians cookedtheirfoodby10itonaflat11 inthehotsun.Theycookedpieceofmeatandthincakesofcommeal inthis12.Wesurmisethattheearliestkitchen 13wasstick14whichapieceofmeat couldbeattachedandheldoverafire.Laterthisstickwas15 byanironrodorspitwhichcouldbeturnedfrequentlytocookthe meat16allsides.Cookingfoodinwater was17beforemanlearnedtomakewatercontainersthat couldnotbe18byfire.The19 cookingpotswerereedorgrassbasketsinwhichsoupsandstews couldbecooked.Asearlyas166B.CtheEgyptianshadlearnedtomake 20permanentcookingpotsoutofsandstone.Manyyearslater theEskimoslearnedtomakesimilarpans.
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfour texts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyour answersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1 Formyproposedjourneythefirst prioritywasclearlytostartlearningArabic.Ihaveneverbeenalinguist. ThoughIhadtraveledwidelyasajournalistIhadnevermanagedtopickup morethanasmatteringofphrasesinanytongueotherthanFrenchandevenmy Frenchwaslaboriousforwantoflengthypractice.Theprospectoftacklingone ofthenotoriouslydifficultlanguagesattheageoffortyandtryingtospeak itwellbothdeterredandexcitedme.Itwasperhapsexpectingalittletoo muchofacuriouslyunreceptivepartofmyselfyetthepossibilitythatImight gainaccesstoacompletelyaliencultureandtraditionbythismeanswas enormouslypleasing.Ienrolledasapupilinasmallschoolin thecenterofthecity.ItwasrunbyaMrBeheitofdapperappearanceand explosivetemperamentwhoassuredmethatafterthreemonthsofhisspecial treatmentIwouldspeakArabicfluently.Whereuponhedrewfromhisdeska postcardwhichanoldpupilhadsenthimfromsomewhereintheMiddleEast expressinggreatgratitudeandreportingtheastonishmentoflocalArabsthathe couldconversewiththemlikeanative.ItwaswritteninEnglish.MrBeheit himselfspentmostofhistimecoachingbusinessmeninFrenchandthroughthe thinpartitionedwallsofhisschoolonecouldhearhimbellowingin exasperationatsomeconfusedentrepreneur:NonM.Jones.Janesuispas francais.PasPasPas!NoMr.JonesI’mNOTFrenchI’mnotnotNOT!.I wasgratifiedthatmyowntutorwhosenamewasAhmedwasinfinitelysofterand lesspublicinapproach.Foracoupleofhourseverymorningwe wouldfaceeachotheracrossasmalltablewhilewediscussedinmeticulous detailthecolourschemeofthetinycubicletheeventsinthestreetbelow andonceaweekthehair-raisingprogressofawindow-cleaneracrossthewall ofthebuildingopposite.InbetweenhearinginmindtheparticularinterestI hadinacquiringArabicIwouldinquirethewaytosomeimaginaryoasis anxiouslydemandfodderandwaterformycamelswonderpolitelywhetherthe sheikhwaspreparedtograntmeaudiencenow.Itwasallhardgoing.I frequentlydespairedofeverbecominganythinglikeafluentspeakerthough AhmedassuredmethatmypronunciationwasaboveaverageforaWestemer.ThisI suspectedwaspartlyflatteryforthereareacoupleofArabicsoundswhich notevenagiftformimicryallowedmetograspforages.Thereweremoreover vastdistinctionsofmeaningconveyedbysubtlesoundshiftsrarelyemployedin English.Andformetheproblemwasincreasedbytheneedtoassimilatea vocabularythatwouldvaryfromplacetoplaceacrossfiveessentially Arabic-speakingcountriesthatpracticedvernacularsoftheirown:sothatthe wordforpeopleforinstancemightbenaissah’aborsooken. EachdayIwasmentallyexhaustedbythestrainofamorninginschool followedbyanafternoonstrugglingathomewithataperecorder.Yettherewas reliefinthemostelementaryformsofunderstandingandprogress.Whenmerely gotthedriftofatorrentwhichAhmedhadjustreleasedIwaschildishly elated.WhenImanagedtorollacompletesentenceoffmytonguewithout apparentlythinkingwhatIwassayinganditcameoutrightIbeamedlikean idiot.AndtheenjoymentofreadingandwritingtheflowingArabicscriptwas somethingthatdidnotleavemeonceIhadmasteredit.BytheendofJune no-onecouldhavedescribedmeasanythinglikeafluentspeakerofArabic.I wasapproximatelyinthepositionofafifteen-yearoldwhoequippedwitha modicumofschoolroomFrenchnervouslyawaitshisfirsttriptoParis.Butthis wassomethingIcouldreproveuponinmyowntime.IbadefarewelltoMrBeheit stillstrugglingtodrivetheFrenchnegativeintothestillconfusedmindofMr Jones.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatAhmedwas______.
Text3 Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy EllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicurist isn’tcuttingfillingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe’dliketoeither.Most ofherclientsspend$12to$50weeklybutlastmonthtwolongtimecustomers suddenlystoppedshowingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy.I’magood economicindicatorshesays.Iprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithout whenthey’reconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars.SoSperoisdownscaling shoppingatmiddle-browDillard’sdepartmentstorenearhersuburbanCleveland homeinsteadofNeimanMarcus.Idon’tknowifotherclientsaregoingto abandonmetooshesays.EvenbeforeAlanGreenspan’s admissionthatAmerica’sred-hoteconomyiscoolinglotsofworkingfolkshad alreadyseensignsoftheslowdownthemselves.FromcardealershipstoGap outletssaleshavebeenlaggingformonthsasshopperstempertheirspending. Forretailerswholastyeartookin24percentoftheirrevenuebetween ThanksgivingandChristmasthecautiousapproachiscomingatacrucialtime. Alreadyexpertssayholidaysalesareoff7percentfromlastyear’space.But don’tsoundanyalarmsjustyet.Consumersseemonlymildlyconcernednot panickedandmanysaytheyremainoptimisticabouttheeconomy’slong-term prospectsevenastheydosomemodestbelt-tightening. Consumerssaythey’renotindespairbecausedespitethedreadful headlinestheirownfortunesstillfeelprettygood.Homepricesareholding steadyinmostregions.InManhattanthere’sanewgoldrushhappeninginthe $4millionto$10millionrangepredominantlyfedbyWallStreetbonusessays brokerBarbaraCorcoran.InSanFranciscopricesarestillrisingevenas frenziedoverbiddingquiets.Insteadof20to30offersnowmaybeyouonlyget twoorthreesaysJohnTealdiaBayAreareal-estatebroker.Andmostfolks stillfeelprettycomfortableabouttheirabilitytofindandkeepa job.Manyfolksseesilverliningstothisslowdown.Potential homebuyerswouldcheerforlowerinterestrates.Employerswouldn’tminda littlefewerbubblesinthejobmarket.Manyconsumersseemtohavebeen influencedbystock-marketswingswhichinvestorsnowviewasanecessary ingredienttoasustainedboom.Dinersmightseeanupsidetoo.Gettingatable atManhattan’shotnewAlainDucasserestaurantusedtobeimpossible.Not anymore.ForthatGreenspan＆Co.maystillbeworth toasting.ByEllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyetLine1Paragraph1theauthormeans______.
Text3 Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy EllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicurist isn’tcuttingfillingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe’dliketoeither.Most ofherclientsspend$12to$50weeklybutlastmonthtwolongtimecustomers suddenlystoppedshowingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy.I’magood economicindicatorshesays.Iprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithout whenthey’reconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars.SoSperoisdownscaling shoppingatmiddle-browDillard’sdepartmentstorenearhersuburbanCleveland homeinsteadofNeimanMarcus.Idon’tknowifotherclientsaregoingto abandonmetooshesays.EvenbeforeAlanGreenspan’s admissionthatAmerica’sred-hoteconomyiscoolinglotsofworkingfolkshad alreadyseensignsoftheslowdownthemselves.FromcardealershipstoGap outletssaleshavebeenlaggingformonthsasshopperstempertheirspending. Forretailerswholastyeartookin24percentoftheirrevenuebetween ThanksgivingandChristmasthecautiousapproachiscomingatacrucialtime. Alreadyexpertssayholidaysalesareoff7percentfromlastyear’space.But don’tsoundanyalarmsjustyet.Consumersseemonlymildlyconcernednot panickedandmanysaytheyremainoptimisticabouttheeconomy’slong-term prospectsevenastheydosomemodestbelt-tightening. Consumerssaythey’renotindespairbecausedespitethedreadful headlinestheirownfortunesstillfeelprettygood.Homepricesareholding steadyinmostregions.InManhattanthere’sanewgoldrushhappeninginthe $4millionto$10millionrangepredominantlyfedbyWallStreetbonusessays brokerBarbaraCorcoran.InSanFranciscopricesarestillrisingevenas frenziedoverbiddingquiets.Insteadof20to30offersnowmaybeyouonlyget twoorthreesaysJohnTealdiaBayAreareal-estatebroker.Andmostfolks stillfeelprettycomfortableabouttheirabilitytofindandkeepa job.Manyfolksseesilverliningstothisslowdown.Potential homebuyerswouldcheerforlowerinterestrates.Employerswouldn’tminda littlefewerbubblesinthejobmarket.Manyconsumersseemtohavebeen influencedbystock-marketswingswhichinvestorsnowviewasanecessary ingredienttoasustainedboom.Dinersmightseeanupsidetoo.Gettingatable atManhattan’shotnewAlainDucasserestaurantusedtobeimpossible.Not anymore.ForthatGreenspan＆Co.maystillbeworth toasting.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree
Text2 Americansusuallyconsiderthemselvesa friendlypeople.Theirfriendshipshowevertendtobeshorterandmorecasual thanfriendshipsamongpeoplefromothercultures.Itisnotuncommonfor Americanstohaveonlyoneclosefriendduringtheirlife-timeandconsider otherfriendstobejustsocialacquaintances.Thisattitudeprobablyhas somethingtodowithAmericanmobilityandthefactthatAmericansdonotlike tobedependentonotherpeople.Theytendtocompartmentalizefriendships havingfriendsatworkfriendsonthesoftballteamfamilyfriends etc.BecausetheUnitedStatesisahighlyactivesocietyfull ofmovementandchangepeoplealwaysseemtobeonthego.Inthishighly chargedatmosphereAmericanscansometimesseembrusqueorimpatient.Theywant togettoknowyouasquicklyaspossibleandthenmoveontosomethingelse. Sometimesearlyontheywillaskyouquestionsthatyoumayfeelarevery personal.Noinsultisintended;thequestionsusuallygrowoutoftheirgenuine interestorcuriosityandtheirimpatiencetogettotheheartofthematter. Andthesamegoesforyou.IfyoudonotunderstandcertainAmericanbehavioror youwanttoknowmoreaboutthemdonothesitatetoaskthemquestionsabout themselves.Americansareusuallyeagertoexplainallabouttheircountry oranythingAmericaninwhichyoumaybeinterested.Somuchsoinfactthat youmaybecometiredoflistening.Itdoesn’tmatterbecauseAmericanstendto beuncomfortablewithsilenceduringaconversation.Theywouldrathertalk abouttheweatherorthelatestsportsscoresforexamplethandealwith silence.Ontheotherhanddon’texpectAmericanstobe knowledgeableaboutinternationalgeographyorworldaffairsunlessthose subjectsdirectlyinvolvetheUnitedStates.BecausetheUnitedStatesisnot surroundedbymanyothernationssomeAmericanstendtoignoretherestofthe world.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Itisgenerallyrecognizedintheworld thatthesecondGulfWarinIraqisacrucialtestofhigh-speedWeb.For decadesAmericanshaveanxiously1eachwarthroughanew communications2fromtheearlysilentfilmofWorldWar Itothe24-hourcablenews3ofthefirstPersianGulf War.Now4bombsexplodinginBaghdada suddenincreaseinwartime5foronlinenewshasbecomea centraltestofthe6ofhigh-speedInternetconnections. Itisalsoagood7bothtoattractuserstoonline media8andtopersuadethemtopayforthematerialthey findthere9thevalueoftheCableNewsNetworkpersuaded millionsto10tocableduringthelastwarin Iraq.11byasteadyriseoverthelast18 monthsinthenumberofpeoplewithhigh-speedInternet12 nowatmorethan70millionintheUnitedStatestheWebsitesof manyofthemajornewsorganizationshave13assembleda novelcollage拼贴of14videoaudioreportsphotography collectionsanimatedweaponry15interactivemapsand othernewdigitalreportage.TheseInternetservicesare 16ontheremarkableabundanceofsoundsandimages 17fromvideocameras18onBaghdadand journaliststravelingwithtroops.Andtheyhavefounda19 audienceofAmericanofficeworkers20their computersduringtheearlycombat.245words
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Itisgenerallyrecognizedintheworld thatthesecondGulfWarinIraqisacrucialtestofhigh-speedWeb.For decadesAmericanshaveanxiously1eachwarthroughanew communications2fromtheearlysilentfilmofWorldWar Itothe24-hourcablenews3ofthefirstPersianGulf War.Now4bombsexplodinginBaghdada suddenincreaseinwartime5foronlinenewshasbecomea centraltestofthe6ofhigh-speedInternetconnections. Itisalsoagood7bothtoattractuserstoonline media8andtopersuadethemtopayforthematerialthey findthere9thevalueoftheCableNewsNetworkpersuaded millionsto10tocableduringthelastwarin Iraq.11byasteadyriseoverthelast18 monthsinthenumberofpeoplewithhigh-speedInternet12 nowatmorethan70millionintheUnitedStatestheWebsitesof manyofthemajornewsorganizationshave13assembleda novelcollage拼贴of14videoaudioreportsphotography collectionsanimatedweaponry15interactivemapsand othernewdigitalreportage.TheseInternetservicesare 16ontheremarkableabundanceofsoundsandimages 17fromvideocameras18onBaghdadand journaliststravelingwithtroops.Andtheyhavefounda19 audienceofAmericanofficeworkers20their computersduringtheearlycombat.245words
Directions: Afterbeinginvolvedinanaccidentyouwerelookedafterbyanotherperson. Writeaspeciallettertoexpressyourthanks. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.UseLiMinginstead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyand thentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe writtenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. Theenergycontainedinrockwithintheearth’scrust representsanearlyunlimitedenergysourcebutuntilrecentlycommercial retrievalhasbeenlimitedtoundergroundhotwaterand/orsteamrecovery systems.Thesesystemshavebeendevelopedinareasofrecentvolcanicactivity wherehighratesofheatflowcausevisibleeruptionofwaterintheformof geysersandhotsprings.Inotherareashoweverhotrockalsoexistsnearthe surfacebutthereisinsufficientwaterpresenttoproduceeruptivephenomena. ThusapotentialhotdryrockHDRreservoirexistswhenevertheamountof spontaneouslyproducedgeothermalfluidhasbeenjudgedinadequateforexisting commercialsystems.Asaresultoftherecentenergycrisisnew conceptsforcreatingHDErecoverysystems—whichinvolvedrillingholesand connectingthemtoartificialreservoirsplaceddeepwithinthecrust—arebeing developed.46InallattemptstoretrieveenergyfromHED’sreservoir artificialstimulationwillberequiredtocreateeithersufficientpermeability orboundedflowpathstofacilitatetheremovalofheatbycirculationofa fluidoverthesurfaceoftherock.47TheHDRresource baseisgenerallydefinedtoincludecrustalrockthatishotterthan150℃is atdepthslessthantenkilometersandcanbedrilledwithpresentlyavailable equipment.Althoughwellsdeeperthantenkilometersaretechnically feasibleprevailingeconomicfactorswillobviouslydeterminethecommercial feasibilityofwellsatsuchdepths.Rocktemperaturesaslowas 100℃maybeusefulforspaceheating;howeverforproducingelectricity temperaturesgreaterthan200℃aredesirable.Thegeothermal gradientwhichspecificallydeterminesthedepthofdrillingrequiredtoreach adesiredtemperatureisamajorfactorintherecoverabilityofgeothermal resources.48Temperaturegradientmapsgeneratedfromoil andgaswelltemperature-depthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssociationof PetroleumGeologistssuggestthattapablehigh-temperaturegradientsare distributedallacrosstheUnitedStates.Therearemanyareashoweverfor whichnotemperaturegradientrecordsexist.Indications arethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge.49Ifanaveragegeothermal temperaturegradientof22℃perkilometerofdepthisusedastaggering 13000000quadrillionB.T.U’softotalenergyarecalculatedtobecontained incrustalrocktoatenkilometerdepthintheUnitedStates.Ifwe conservativelyestimatethatonlyabout0.2perceptisrecoverablewefinda totalthatiscomparabletotheestimatedresourcebaseofallthecoal remainingintheUnitedStates.50Theremainingproblemistobalancethe economicsofdeeperhottermorecostlywellsandshallowercoolerless expensivewellsagainstthevalueofthefinalproductelectricityand/or heat.
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyand thentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe writtenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. Theenergycontainedinrockwithintheearth’scrust representsanearlyunlimitedenergysourcebutuntilrecentlycommercial retrievalhasbeenlimitedtoundergroundhotwaterand/orsteamrecovery systems.Thesesystemshavebeendevelopedinareasofrecentvolcanicactivity wherehighratesofheatflowcausevisibleeruptionofwaterintheformof geysersandhotsprings.Inotherareashoweverhotrockalsoexistsnearthe surfacebutthereisinsufficientwaterpresenttoproduceeruptivephenomena. ThusapotentialhotdryrockHDRreservoirexistswhenevertheamountof spontaneouslyproducedgeothermalfluidhasbeenjudgedinadequateforexisting commercialsystems.Asaresultoftherecentenergycrisisnew conceptsforcreatingHDErecoverysystems—whichinvolvedrillingholesand connectingthemtoartificialreservoirsplaceddeepwithinthecrust—arebeing developed.46InallattemptstoretrieveenergyfromHED’sreservoir artificialstimulationwillberequiredtocreateeithersufficientpermeability orboundedflowpathstofacilitatetheremovalofheatbycirculationofa fluidoverthesurfaceoftherock.47TheHDRresource baseisgenerallydefinedtoincludecrustalrockthatishotterthan150℃is atdepthslessthantenkilometersandcanbedrilledwithpresentlyavailable equipment.Althoughwellsdeeperthantenkilometersaretechnically feasibleprevailingeconomicfactorswillobviouslydeterminethecommercial feasibilityofwellsatsuchdepths.Rocktemperaturesaslowas 100℃maybeusefulforspaceheating;howeverforproducingelectricity temperaturesgreaterthan200℃aredesirable.Thegeothermal gradientwhichspecificallydeterminesthedepthofdrillingrequiredtoreach adesiredtemperatureisamajorfactorintherecoverabilityofgeothermal resources.48Temperaturegradientmapsgeneratedfromoil andgaswelltemperature-depthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssociationof PetroleumGeologistssuggestthattapablehigh-temperaturegradientsare distributedallacrosstheUnitedStates.Therearemanyareashoweverfor whichnotemperaturegradientrecordsexist.Indications arethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge.49Ifanaveragegeothermal temperaturegradientof22℃perkilometerofdepthisusedastaggering 13000000quadrillionB.T.U’softotalenergyarecalculatedtobecontained incrustalrocktoatenkilometerdepthintheUnitedStates.Ifwe conservativelyestimatethatonlyabout0.2perceptisrecoverablewefinda totalthatiscomparabletotheestimatedresourcebaseofallthecoal remainingintheUnitedStates.50Theremainingproblemistobalancethe economicsofdeeperhottermorecostlywellsandshallowercoolerless expensivewellsagainstthevalueofthefinalproductelectricityand/or heat.
Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregivenina wrongorderforQuestions41-45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphs intoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Etofillineachnumbered box.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.Mark youranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Thepetitionersarguethatrepealingthetaxwillcostthe Treasurybillionsofdollarsinlostrevenuesandwillresultineither increasedtaxesinthelongrunorcutstoMedicareSocialSecurity environmentalprotectionandothergovernmentprograms.Repealingthelevy wouldenrichtheheirsofAmerica’smillionairesandbillionaireswhile hurtingfamilieswhostruggletomakeendsmeetthepetitionsays. [B]About120wealthyAmericanshadsignedorsupportedapetitionto opposephasingoutthetax.PresidentBushhasincludedtherepealofthetaxin his$1.6trilliontax-cutproposal.NormallywhendozensofAmericansjoinin apoliticalcauseitisnotparticularlynoteworthybutinthiscasethe dozensinclude:GeorgeSorosabillionairefinancier;WarrenBuffettan investorlistedasAmerica’sfourth-richestperson;thephilanthropistDavid RockefellerJr.;andWilliamGatesSr.aSeattlelawyerandfatherof America’srichestmanMicrosoftCorp.ChairmanBillGates.[C] Buffettandcompanycitethesefactorsintheirpetitioncallingforopposition totheestate-taxrepeal.Theyalsodiscusssomethingthat’sequallyemotional andfarmorecomplex:theprincipleofmeritocracy.Theideathateveryonein Americahasanequalchancethatourfatesarenotdeterminedbyaccidentsof birthisoneofourcorevalues.Andnowhereisthisprinciplemorerevered thaninthetechnologyeconomy;entrepreneurshipisalmostbydefinitionan expressionofmeritocracy.[D]BuffetttoldtheTimesthat repealingtheestatetaxwouldbeaterriblemistakeandtheequivalentof choosingthe2020Olympicteambypickingtheeldestsonsofthegoldmedal winnersinthe2000Olympics.[E]Anoldbrokeragecommercial says:Hemadehismoneytheold-fashionedway:Heearnedit.Therewasa perfectparodyoftheadinwhichthelineread:Hemadehismoneythe old-fashionedway:Heinheritedit.In20or50or100yearswhichofthese lineswillberightBuffettandSorosandfriendstotheircreditwantto helpmakethefirstonereal.Let’shopethisisonlyonestepinthat process.[F]ItwasrefreshingtoseeBuffettandGeorgeSoros andanumberofotherextremelywealthyluminariesstandupinoppositionto PresidentBush’sproposedrepealoftheestatetax.Whilethepolicyhassome emotionalattractions—itwouldprotecttheinheritorsofsomesmallbusinesses fromhavingtosellthecompaniestopaytaxesanditistruethatmostpeople havebeentaxedontheirsavingsoncealready—inpracticethetaxrepealwould mainlybeawindfallforaverysmallnumberofveryveryrich people.[G]Presidentwillmakehiscaseforhis$1.6trillion taxcutplandeliveringaspeechatacommunitycenterinSt.Louis.The proposalwouldslashfederaltaxratesacrossalllevelsofincomeeliminate theso-calledmarriagepenaltyandphaseoutestatetaxes.Democrats complainthattheplan—whichwouldcutthetopratefrom39to33percent—would disproportionatelybenefitthewealthyandunnecessarilysquanderexpected budgetsurpluses.SomeoftherichestAmericansareurgingCongressnotto repealtheestatetaxTheNewYorkTimesreportedonWednesday.Feb. 14Order:
Text2 Americansusuallyconsiderthemselvesa friendlypeople.Theirfriendshipshowevertendtobeshorterandmorecasual thanfriendshipsamongpeoplefromothercultures.Itisnotuncommonfor Americanstohaveonlyoneclosefriendduringtheirlife-timeandconsider otherfriendstobejustsocialacquaintances.Thisattitudeprobablyhas somethingtodowithAmericanmobilityandthefactthatAmericansdonotlike tobedependentonotherpeople.Theytendtocompartmentalizefriendships havingfriendsatworkfriendsonthesoftballteamfamilyfriends etc.BecausetheUnitedStatesisahighlyactivesocietyfull ofmovementandchangepeoplealwaysseemtobeonthego.Inthishighly chargedatmosphereAmericanscansometimesseembrusqueorimpatient.Theywant togettoknowyouasquicklyaspossibleandthenmoveontosomethingelse. Sometimesearlyontheywillaskyouquestionsthatyoumayfeelarevery personal.Noinsultisintended;thequestionsusuallygrowoutoftheirgenuine interestorcuriosityandtheirimpatiencetogettotheheartofthematter. Andthesamegoesforyou.IfyoudonotunderstandcertainAmericanbehavioror youwanttoknowmoreaboutthemdonothesitatetoaskthemquestionsabout themselves.Americansareusuallyeagertoexplainallabouttheircountry oranythingAmericaninwhichyoumaybeinterested.Somuchsoinfactthat youmaybecometiredoflistening.Itdoesn’tmatterbecauseAmericanstendto beuncomfortablewithsilenceduringaconversation.Theywouldrathertalk abouttheweatherorthelatestsportsscoresforexamplethandealwith silence.Ontheotherhanddon’texpectAmericanstobe knowledgeableaboutinternationalgeographyorworldaffairsunlessthose subjectsdirectlyinvolvetheUnitedStates.BecausetheUnitedStatesisnot surroundedbymanyothernationssomeAmericanstendtoignoretherestofthe world.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.
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