首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置:
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
国家统考科目《问答集》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
热门试题
更多
SowhatisdepressionDepressionis oftenmoreaboutangerturned1thanitisaboutsadness. Butit’susually2assadness.Depression can3atallagesfromchildhoodtooldageandit’sthe UnitedStates’No.14problem.When someoneisdepressedherbehavior5changeandsheloses interestinactivitiesshe6enjoyedlikesportsmusic friendships.Thesadnessusuallylastseverydayformostofthedayand fortwoweeksormore.What7depression A8eventcancertainlybring9 depressionbutsomewillsayithappens10a specificcause.Sohowdoyouknowifyou’rejusthavingabadday11 arereallydepressedDepressionaffectsyour12 moodsbehaviorandevenyourphysicalhealth.Thesechanges oftengo13orarelabeled14simplya badcaseoftheblues.Someonewho’struly15 depressionwillhave16periodsofcryingspells feelingsof17likenotbeingabletochangeyour situationand18tikeyou’llfeelthiswayforever irritationoragitation.Adepressedpersonoften19 fromothersDepressionseldomgoesawaybyitselfandthe greatest20ofdepressionissuicide.Theriskof suicideincreasesifthedepressionisn’ttreated.
EricHansenwritesabouttravelasaparticipatingenthusiast ratherthanamereobserver.46Itgivesthesenineessaysbasedon hisadventuresoverthepastquarter-centuryaresonanceandpsychological depthnotusuallyseeninmoreroutinetravelnarratives. 47Thereaderfollowswide-eyedfromthearmchairasMr.Hansen journeysfromtheFrenchRivieratotheSouthPacificIndiatheUnitedStates andBorneo.Eachstorycombinesnuancedportraitsofmemorablecharacters withlyricaldescriptionsofhumanfallibilityandgenerosity. InhiswildesttaleMr.Hansenrecountshistimeworkingatahotelon ThursdayIslandintheTorresStrait.48Seldomhewritesdoes onehavethechancetoenjoythecompanyofpeoplewhohavesocompletelygiven themselvesovertothecultivationofthelowlifeinsuchstyleandwithsuch gusto.49Beyondtheboozebrokenglassandfistfightstheauthorlearns thehistoryoftheisland’spearldiverswhoincanvassuitsandlead-weighted shoessnatchgold-lippearlshellsfromaseabedteemingwithseasnakesgiant groupersandsaltwatercrocodiles.Otherstoriestellof drinkinghallucinogenickavainVanuatu;lingeringonabeachwithabeautiful Maldiviangirlinapleasurablepursuitthatthelocalscallnightfishing; cookingpiroshkiwithaMoscowMoscowinatinymanhattanapartmentwhiledrug dealersshooteachotherinthelobbybelow;andwatchingtheIndonesiancrewof abecalmedtallshipdanceondecktocountryandwesternmusic. 50ThemostmovingstorycomesfromKolkataformerlyCalcutta wheretheauthor’sfrustrationattheimpenetrablebureaucracywhentryingto shiphisbelongingshomeisputintoperspectivebyhisvoluntaryworkatMother Theresa’shomeforthedying.Herehebathesfeedsandcomfortsthe inhabitantsofthemen’swardwherethepanicanddespairofdeatharereplaced bydignityandhumour.Thissensitiveportraitalonemakesthisheartfelt collectionamagicalandupliftingread.
Text1 Itisanevilinfluenceontheyouth ofourcountry.ApoliticiancondemningvideogamingActuallyaclergyman denouncingrockandroll50yearsago.Butthesentimentcouldjustas easilyhavebeenvoicedbyHillaryClintoninthepastfewweeksassheblamed videogamesforasilentepidemicofmediadesensitisationandstealingthe innocenceofourchildren.ThegamingfurorecentersonGrand TheftAuto:SanAndreasapopularandnotoriouslyviolentcopsandrobbers gamethatturnedouttocontainhiddensexscenesthatcouldbeunlockedusinga patchdownloadedfromtheinternet.Theresultingoutcrymostlyfrom Democraticpoliticiansplayingtothecentrecausedthegame’sratingin Americatobechangedfrommaturewhichmeansyouhavetobe17tobuyitto adultsonlywhichmeansyouhavetobe18butalsomeansthatbigretailers suchasWal-Martwillnotstockit.Asaresultthegamehasbeenbanned inAustralia;andthisautumnAmerica’sFederalTradeCommissionwill investigatethecomplaints.Thatwillgivegaming’sopponentsanopportunityto venttheirwrathontheindustry.Skepticismofnewmediaisa traditionwithdeeprootsgoingbackatleastasfarasSocrates’objectionsto writtentextsoutlinedinPlato’sPhaedrus.Socratesworriedthatrelyingon writtentextsratherthantheoraltraditionwouldcreateforgetfulnessin thelearners’soulsbecausetheywillnotusetheirmemories;theywilltrust totheexternalwrittencharactersandnotrememberofthemselves.Healso objectedthatawrittenversionofaspeechwasnosubstitutefortheabilityto interrogatethespeakersincewhenquestionedthetextalwaysgivesone unvaryinganswer.Hisobjectioninshortwasthatbookswerenot interactive.PerhapsSocrateswouldhavethoughtmorehighlyofvideo games.Novelswereonceconsideredtoolow-browforuniversity literaturecoursesbuteventuallythedisapprovingprofessorsretired. Waltzmusicanddancingwerecondemnedinthe19thcentury;allthat twirlingwasthoughttobeintoxicatinganddepravedandthemusicwas outlawedinsomeplaces.Todayitishardtoimaginewhatthefusswas about.Androckandrollwasthoughttoencourageviolencepromiscuity andSatanism;buttodayevengranniesbuyColdplayalbums. TheattitudesofSocratesandHillaryClintontowardthenovelmediumare______.
Text1 Itisanevilinfluenceontheyouth ofourcountry.ApoliticiancondemningvideogamingActuallyaclergyman denouncingrockandroll50yearsago.Butthesentimentcouldjustas easilyhavebeenvoicedbyHillaryClintoninthepastfewweeksassheblamed videogamesforasilentepidemicofmediadesensitisationandstealingthe innocenceofourchildren.ThegamingfurorecentersonGrand TheftAuto:SanAndreasapopularandnotoriouslyviolentcopsandrobbers gamethatturnedouttocontainhiddensexscenesthatcouldbeunlockedusinga patchdownloadedfromtheinternet.Theresultingoutcrymostlyfrom Democraticpoliticiansplayingtothecentrecausedthegame’sratingin Americatobechangedfrommaturewhichmeansyouhavetobe17tobuyitto adultsonlywhichmeansyouhavetobe18butalsomeansthatbigretailers suchasWal-Martwillnotstockit.Asaresultthegamehasbeenbanned inAustralia;andthisautumnAmerica’sFederalTradeCommissionwill investigatethecomplaints.Thatwillgivegaming’sopponentsanopportunityto venttheirwrathontheindustry.Skepticismofnewmediaisa traditionwithdeeprootsgoingbackatleastasfarasSocrates’objectionsto writtentextsoutlinedinPlato’sPhaedrus.Socratesworriedthatrelyingon writtentextsratherthantheoraltraditionwouldcreateforgetfulnessin thelearners’soulsbecausetheywillnotusetheirmemories;theywilltrust totheexternalwrittencharactersandnotrememberofthemselves.Healso objectedthatawrittenversionofaspeechwasnosubstitutefortheabilityto interrogatethespeakersincewhenquestionedthetextalwaysgivesone unvaryinganswer.Hisobjectioninshortwasthatbookswerenot interactive.PerhapsSocrateswouldhavethoughtmorehighlyofvideo games.Novelswereonceconsideredtoolow-browforuniversity literaturecoursesbuteventuallythedisapprovingprofessorsretired. Waltzmusicanddancingwerecondemnedinthe19thcentury;allthat twirlingwasthoughttobeintoxicatinganddepravedandthemusicwas outlawedinsomeplaces.Todayitishardtoimaginewhatthefusswas about.Androckandrollwasthoughttoencourageviolencepromiscuity andSatanism;buttodayevengranniesbuyColdplayalbums. Towhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree
Directions: Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayto 1describethepictureanddeduceitsmeaning 2illustratetheproblemstheissuebringsaboutand 3suggestcountermeasures. Youshouldwrite160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.
SowhatisdepressionDepressionis oftenmoreaboutangerturned1thanitisaboutsadness. Butit’susually2assadness.Depression can3atallagesfromchildhoodtooldageandit’sthe UnitedStates’No.14problem.When someoneisdepressedherbehavior5changeandsheloses interestinactivitiesshe6enjoyedlikesportsmusic friendships.Thesadnessusuallylastseverydayformostofthedayand fortwoweeksormore.What7depression A8eventcancertainlybring9 depressionbutsomewillsayithappens10a specificcause.Sohowdoyouknowifyou’rejusthavingabadday11 arereallydepressedDepressionaffectsyour12 moodsbehaviorandevenyourphysicalhealth.Thesechanges oftengo13orarelabeled14simplya badcaseoftheblues.Someonewho’struly15 depressionwillhave16periodsofcryingspells feelingsof17likenotbeingabletochangeyour situationand18tikeyou’llfeelthiswayforever irritationoragitation.Adepressedpersonoften19 fromothersDepressionseldomgoesawaybyitselfandthe greatest20ofdepressionissuicide.Theriskof suicideincreasesifthedepressionisn’ttreated.
Text3 ItmaybejustaswellforOxford University’sreputationthatthisweek’smeetingofCongregationits 3552-stronggoverningbodywasheldinsecretfortheairofcivilized rationalitythatisgenerallysupposedtopervadedonnishconversationhas latelyturnedfractious.That’sbecausethevice-chancellorthenearest thingtheplacehastoachiefexecutivehasproposedthemostfundamental reformstotheuniversitysincetheestablishmentofthecollegesystemin 1249;andalotofthedonsandcollegesdon’tlikeit.The troublewithOxfordisthatitisunmanageable.Itsproblems-the difficultyofrecruitinggooddonsandofgettingridofbadonesconcerns aboutacademicstandardsseveremoneyworriesatsomecolleges-allspringfrom that.JohnHoodwhowasrecruitedasvice-chancellorfromtheUniversity ofAucklandandisnowprobablythemost-hatedantipodeaninBritishacademic lifereckonsheknowshowtosolvethisandhasproposedtoreducethepower ofdonsandcollegesandincreasethatofuniversityadministrators. Mr.Hoodisrightthattheuniversity’smanagementstructureneedsan overhaul.Butradicalthoughhisproposalsseemtothoseinvolvedinthe currentrowtheydonotgofarenough.ThedifficultyofmanagingOxford stemsonlypartlyfromthenuttinessofitssystemofgovernance;themore fundamentalproblemliesinitsrelationshipwiththegovernment.That’s whyMr.Hoodshouldadoptanideathatwasonceregardedasteeteringon thelunaticfringeofradicalismbutthesedaysisdiscussedeveninpolite circles.Theideaisindependence.Oxfordgetsaround £5000$9500perundergraduateperyearfromthegovernment.Inreturn itacceptsthatitcanchargestudentsonly£1150risingto£3000nextyear ontopofthat.Sinceitprobablycostsatleast£10000ayeartoteach anundergraduatethatleavesOxfordwithadeficitof£4000orsoperstudent tocoverfromitsownfunds.IfOxforddeclaredindependence itwouldlosethe£52mundergraduatesubsidyatleast.Coulditfillthe holeCertainly.America’stopuniversitieschargearound£20000per studentperyear.Thedifficultissuewouldnotbemoneyaloneitwould bebalancingnumbersofnot-so-brilliantrichpeoplepayingtopwhackwiththe clevererpooreronestheywerecross-subsidising.America’stopuniversities manageit:highfeesmeanbetterteachingwhichkeepscompetitionhotand academicstandardshighwhileluringenoughdonationstoprovidebursariesfor thepoor.ItshouldbeeasiertoextractmoneyfromalumniifOxfordwereno longerstate-funded.Wecanseefromtheavailablestatisticsthatthe______.
SowhatisdepressionDepressionis oftenmoreaboutangerturned1thanitisaboutsadness. Butit’susually2assadness.Depression can3atallagesfromchildhoodtooldageandit’sthe UnitedStates’No.14problem.When someoneisdepressedherbehavior5changeandsheloses interestinactivitiesshe6enjoyedlikesportsmusic friendships.Thesadnessusuallylastseverydayformostofthedayand fortwoweeksormore.What7depression A8eventcancertainlybring9 depressionbutsomewillsayithappens10a specificcause.Sohowdoyouknowifyou’rejusthavingabadday11 arereallydepressedDepressionaffectsyour12 moodsbehaviorandevenyourphysicalhealth.Thesechanges oftengo13orarelabeled14simplya badcaseoftheblues.Someonewho’struly15 depressionwillhave16periodsofcryingspells feelingsof17likenotbeingabletochangeyour situationand18tikeyou’llfeelthiswayforever irritationoragitation.Adepressedpersonoften19 fromothersDepressionseldomgoesawaybyitselfandthe greatest20ofdepressionissuicide.Theriskof suicideincreasesifthedepressionisn’ttreated.
EricHansenwritesabouttravelasaparticipatingenthusiast ratherthanamereobserver.46Itgivesthesenineessaysbasedon hisadventuresoverthepastquarter-centuryaresonanceandpsychological depthnotusuallyseeninmoreroutinetravelnarratives. 47Thereaderfollowswide-eyedfromthearmchairasMr.Hansen journeysfromtheFrenchRivieratotheSouthPacificIndiatheUnitedStates andBorneo.Eachstorycombinesnuancedportraitsofmemorablecharacters withlyricaldescriptionsofhumanfallibilityandgenerosity. InhiswildesttaleMr.Hansenrecountshistimeworkingatahotelon ThursdayIslandintheTorresStrait.48Seldomhewritesdoes onehavethechancetoenjoythecompanyofpeoplewhohavesocompletelygiven themselvesovertothecultivationofthelowlifeinsuchstyleandwithsuch gusto.49Beyondtheboozebrokenglassandfistfightstheauthorlearns thehistoryoftheisland’spearldiverswhoincanvassuitsandlead-weighted shoessnatchgold-lippearlshellsfromaseabedteemingwithseasnakesgiant groupersandsaltwatercrocodiles.Otherstoriestellof drinkinghallucinogenickavainVanuatu;lingeringonabeachwithabeautiful Maldiviangirlinapleasurablepursuitthatthelocalscallnightfishing; cookingpiroshkiwithaMoscowMoscowinatinymanhattanapartmentwhiledrug dealersshooteachotherinthelobbybelow;andwatchingtheIndonesiancrewof abecalmedtallshipdanceondecktocountryandwesternmusic. 50ThemostmovingstorycomesfromKolkataformerlyCalcutta wheretheauthor’sfrustrationattheimpenetrablebureaucracywhentryingto shiphisbelongingshomeisputintoperspectivebyhisvoluntaryworkatMother Theresa’shomeforthedying.Herehebathesfeedsandcomfortsthe inhabitantsofthemen’swardwherethepanicanddespairofdeatharereplaced bydignityandhumour.Thissensitiveportraitalonemakesthisheartfelt collectionamagicalandupliftingread.
EricHansenwritesabouttravelasaparticipatingenthusiast ratherthanamereobserver.46Itgivesthesenineessaysbasedon hisadventuresoverthepastquarter-centuryaresonanceandpsychological depthnotusuallyseeninmoreroutinetravelnarratives. 47Thereaderfollowswide-eyedfromthearmchairasMr.Hansen journeysfromtheFrenchRivieratotheSouthPacificIndiatheUnitedStates andBorneo.Eachstorycombinesnuancedportraitsofmemorablecharacters withlyricaldescriptionsofhumanfallibilityandgenerosity. InhiswildesttaleMr.Hansenrecountshistimeworkingatahotelon ThursdayIslandintheTorresStrait.48Seldomhewritesdoes onehavethechancetoenjoythecompanyofpeoplewhohavesocompletelygiven themselvesovertothecultivationofthelowlifeinsuchstyleandwithsuch gusto.49Beyondtheboozebrokenglassandfistfightstheauthorlearns thehistoryoftheisland’spearldiverswhoincanvassuitsandlead-weighted shoessnatchgold-lippearlshellsfromaseabedteemingwithseasnakesgiant groupersandsaltwatercrocodiles.Otherstoriestellof drinkinghallucinogenickavainVanuatu;lingeringonabeachwithabeautiful Maldiviangirlinapleasurablepursuitthatthelocalscallnightfishing; cookingpiroshkiwithaMoscowMoscowinatinymanhattanapartmentwhiledrug dealersshooteachotherinthelobbybelow;andwatchingtheIndonesiancrewof abecalmedtallshipdanceondecktocountryandwesternmusic. 50ThemostmovingstorycomesfromKolkataformerlyCalcutta wheretheauthor’sfrustrationattheimpenetrablebureaucracywhentryingto shiphisbelongingshomeisputintoperspectivebyhisvoluntaryworkatMother Theresa’shomeforthedying.Herehebathesfeedsandcomfortsthe inhabitantsofthemen’swardwherethepanicanddespairofdeatharereplaced bydignityandhumour.Thissensitiveportraitalonemakesthisheartfelt collectionamagicalandupliftingread.
Text2 Youarenotheretotellmewhatto do.YouareheretotellmewhyIhavedonewhatIhavealreadydecidedto doMontaguNormantheBankofEngland’slongest-servinggovernor1920-1944 isreputedtohaveoncetoldhiseconomicadviser.Todaythankfully centralbanksaimtobemoretransparentintheirdecisionmakingaswellas morerational.Butachievingeitherofthesethingsisnotalwayseasy. WiththemostlaudableofintentionstheFederalReserveAmerica’s centralbankmaybeabouttotakeastepthatcouldbackfire. UnliketheFedmanyothercentralbankshavelongdeclaredexplicit inflationtargetsandthensetinterestratestotrytomeetthese.Some economistshavearguedthattheFedshoulddothesame.WithAlan GreenspantheFed’smuch-respectedchairmanduetoretirenextyear-aftera mere18yearsinthejob-someFedofficialswanttoadoptatargetpresumably tomaintainthecentralbank’scredibilityinthescarynewpost-Greenspanera. TheFeddiscussedsuchatargetatitsFebruarymeetingaccordingto minutespublishedthisweek.Thissoundsencouraging.Howeverthe Fedisconsideringtheideajustwhensomeothercentralbanksarebeginningto questionwhetherstrictinflationtargetingreallyworks.At presentcentra1banksfocusalmostexclusivelyonconsumer-priceindices. OnthismeasureMr.Greenspancanboastthatinflationremainsunder control.Butsomecentralbankersnowarguethatthepricesofassets suchashousesandsharesshouldalsosomehowbetakenintoaccount.A broadpriceindexforAmericawhichincludeshousepricesiscurrentlyrunning at5.5%itsfastestpacesince1982.Inflationhassimplytakenadifferent form.Shouldcentralbanksalsotrytocurbincreasesinsuch assetpricesMr.Greenspancontinuestoinsistthatmonetarypolicyshouldnot beusedtoprickasset-pricebubbles.Identifyingbubblesisdifficult exceptinretrospecthesaysandinterestratesareabluntweapon:an increasebigenoughtohaltrisingpricescouldtriggerarecession.Itis betterhesaystowaitforahousingorstockmarketbubbletoburstandthen tocushiontheeconomybycuttinginterestrates-ashedidin2001-2002. Andyettheriskisnotjustthatassetpricescangoswiftly intoreverse.Aswithtraditionalinflationsurgingassetpricesalso distortpricesignalsandsocancauseamisallocationofresources-encouraging toolittlesavingforexampleortoomuchinvestmentinhousing.Surginghouse pricesmaythereforeargueforhigherinterestratesthanconventionalinflation woulddemand.Inotherwordsstrictinflationtargeting-thefadofthe1990s-is toocrude.Wecanlearnfromthethirdparagraphthat______.
Text2 Youarenotheretotellmewhatto do.YouareheretotellmewhyIhavedonewhatIhavealreadydecidedto doMontaguNormantheBankofEngland’slongest-servinggovernor1920-1944 isreputedtohaveoncetoldhiseconomicadviser.Todaythankfully centralbanksaimtobemoretransparentintheirdecisionmakingaswellas morerational.Butachievingeitherofthesethingsisnotalwayseasy. WiththemostlaudableofintentionstheFederalReserveAmerica’s centralbankmaybeabouttotakeastepthatcouldbackfire. UnliketheFedmanyothercentralbankshavelongdeclaredexplicit inflationtargetsandthensetinterestratestotrytomeetthese.Some economistshavearguedthattheFedshoulddothesame.WithAlan GreenspantheFed’smuch-respectedchairmanduetoretirenextyear-aftera mere18yearsinthejob-someFedofficialswanttoadoptatargetpresumably tomaintainthecentralbank’scredibilityinthescarynewpost-Greenspanera. TheFeddiscussedsuchatargetatitsFebruarymeetingaccordingto minutespublishedthisweek.Thissoundsencouraging.Howeverthe Fedisconsideringtheideajustwhensomeothercentralbanksarebeginningto questionwhetherstrictinflationtargetingreallyworks.At presentcentra1banksfocusalmostexclusivelyonconsumer-priceindices. OnthismeasureMr.Greenspancanboastthatinflationremainsunder control.Butsomecentralbankersnowarguethatthepricesofassets suchashousesandsharesshouldalsosomehowbetakenintoaccount.A broadpriceindexforAmericawhichincludeshousepricesiscurrentlyrunning at5.5%itsfastestpacesince1982.Inflationhassimplytakenadifferent form.Shouldcentralbanksalsotrytocurbincreasesinsuch assetpricesMr.Greenspancontinuestoinsistthatmonetarypolicyshouldnot beusedtoprickasset-pricebubbles.Identifyingbubblesisdifficult exceptinretrospecthesaysandinterestratesareabluntweapon:an increasebigenoughtohaltrisingpricescouldtriggerarecession.Itis betterhesaystowaitforahousingorstockmarketbubbletoburstandthen tocushiontheeconomybycuttinginterestrates-ashedidin2001-2002. Andyettheriskisnotjustthatassetpricescangoswiftly intoreverse.Aswithtraditionalinflationsurgingassetpricesalso distortpricesignalsandsocancauseamisallocationofresources-encouraging toolittlesavingforexampleortoomuchinvestmentinhousing.Surginghouse pricesmaythereforeargueforhigherinterestratesthanconventionalinflation woulddemand.Inotherwordsstrictinflationtargeting-thefadofthe1990s-is toocrude.Whichofthefollowingswouldbethebesttitleforthetext
Text4 Electionsoftentellyoumoreabout whatpeopleareagainstthanwhattheyarefor.SoitiswiththeEuropean onesthattookplacelastweekinall25EuropeanUnionmembercountries. Theseelectionswidelytrumpetedastheworld’sbiggest-ever multinationaldemocraticvotewerefoughtforthemostpartas25separate nationalcontestswhichmakesittrickytopickoutmanycommonthemes. Butthestrongestareundoubtedlynegative.Europe’svotersareangryand disillusioned-andtheyhavedemonstratedtheirangeranddisillusioninthree mainways.Themostobviouswasbyabstaining.The averageoverallturnoutwasjustover45%bysomemarginthelowestever recordedforelectionstotheEuropeanParliament.Andthataverage disguisessomebigvariations:Italyforexamplenotchedupover70%but Swedenmanagedonly37%.Mostdepressingofallatleasttobelieversin theEuropeanprojectwastheextremelylowvoteinmanyofthenewmember countriesfromcentralEuropewhichaccountedforthewholeofthefallin turnoutsince1999.InthebiggestPolandonlyjustoverafifthofthe electorateturnedouttovote.OnlyayearagocentralEuropeansvotedin largenumberstojointheEUwhichtheydidonMay1st.Thatthey abstainedinsuchlargenumbersintheEuropeanelectionspointstoearly disillusionwiththeEuropeanUnion-aswellastoawidespreadfeelingshared intheoldmembercountriesaswellthattheEuropeanParliamentdoesnot matter.DisillusionwithEuropewasalsoabigfactorin thesecondwayinwhichvotersprotestedwhichwasbysupportingaragbagof populistnationalistandexplicitlyanti-EUparties.Theserangedfrom the16%whobackedtheUKIndependencePartywhosedeclaredpolicyisto withdrawfromtheEUandwhoseleadersseetheirmissionaswreckingthe EuropeanParliamenttothe14%whovotedforSweden’sJunelistandthe27%of Poleswhobackedoneoftwoanti-EUpartiestheLeagueofCatholicFamiliesand Selfdefence.TheseresultshavereturnedmanymoreEuroscepticsand trouble-makerstotheparliament:onsomemeasuresoveraquarterofthenew MEPSwillbelongtotheawkwardsquad.Thatisnotabadthing howeverforitwillmakethe’parliamentmorerepresentativeofEuropeanpublic opinion.ButitisthethirdtargetofEuropeanvoters’ire thatisperhapsthemostimmediatelysignificantthefactthatinmanyEU countriesoldandnewtheychosetovoteheavilyagainsttheirown governments.Thisanti-incumbentvotewasstrongalmosteverywherebutit wasmostpronouncedinBritaintheCzechRepublicGermanyPolandandSweden. TheleadersofallthefourbiggestEuropeanUnioncountriesTonyBlair inBritainJacquesChiracinFranceGerhardSchroderinGermanyandSilvio BerlusconiinItalywereeachgivenabloodynosebytheirvoters. ThebigquestionnowishowEurope’sleadersshouldrespondtothis. Byasublimeorterriblecoincidencesoonaftertheelectionsandjust asTheEconomistwasgoingtopresstheyweregatheringinBrusselsfora crucialsummitatwhichtheyareduetoagreeanewconstitutionaltreatyfor theEUandtoselectanewpresidentfortheEuropeanCommissi6n.Going intothemeetingmostEUheadsofgovernmentseemeddeterminedtopressahead withthisagendaregardlessoftheEuropeanelections--eventhoughthe atmosphereaftertheresultsmaymakeitharderforthemtostrikedeals. ItisimpliedinthetextthatthedepartureofEuroscepticsandtrouble-makersfromtheEuropeanParliament______.
SowhatisdepressionDepressionis oftenmoreaboutangerturned1thanitisaboutsadness. Butit’susually2assadness.Depression can3atallagesfromchildhoodtooldageandit’sthe UnitedStates’No.14problem.When someoneisdepressedherbehavior5changeandsheloses interestinactivitiesshe6enjoyedlikesportsmusic friendships.Thesadnessusuallylastseverydayformostofthedayand fortwoweeksormore.What7depression A8eventcancertainlybring9 depressionbutsomewillsayithappens10a specificcause.Sohowdoyouknowifyou’rejusthavingabadday11 arereallydepressedDepressionaffectsyour12 moodsbehaviorandevenyourphysicalhealth.Thesechanges oftengo13orarelabeled14simplya badcaseoftheblues.Someonewho’struly15 depressionwillhave16periodsofcryingspells feelingsof17likenotbeingabletochangeyour situationand18tikeyou’llfeelthiswayforever irritationoragitation.Adepressedpersonoften19 fromothersDepressionseldomgoesawaybyitselfandthe greatest20ofdepressionissuicide.Theriskof suicideincreasesifthedepressionisn’ttreated.
Text3 ItmaybejustaswellforOxford University’sreputationthatthisweek’smeetingofCongregationits 3552-stronggoverningbodywasheldinsecretfortheairofcivilized rationalitythatisgenerallysupposedtopervadedonnishconversationhas latelyturnedfractious.That’sbecausethevice-chancellorthenearest thingtheplacehastoachiefexecutivehasproposedthemostfundamental reformstotheuniversitysincetheestablishmentofthecollegesystemin 1249;andalotofthedonsandcollegesdon’tlikeit.The troublewithOxfordisthatitisunmanageable.Itsproblems-the difficultyofrecruitinggooddonsandofgettingridofbadonesconcerns aboutacademicstandardsseveremoneyworriesatsomecolleges-allspringfrom that.JohnHoodwhowasrecruitedasvice-chancellorfromtheUniversity ofAucklandandisnowprobablythemost-hatedantipodeaninBritishacademic lifereckonsheknowshowtosolvethisandhasproposedtoreducethepower ofdonsandcollegesandincreasethatofuniversityadministrators. Mr.Hoodisrightthattheuniversity’smanagementstructureneedsan overhaul.Butradicalthoughhisproposalsseemtothoseinvolvedinthe currentrowtheydonotgofarenough.ThedifficultyofmanagingOxford stemsonlypartlyfromthenuttinessofitssystemofgovernance;themore fundamentalproblemliesinitsrelationshipwiththegovernment.That’s whyMr.Hoodshouldadoptanideathatwasonceregardedasteeteringon thelunaticfringeofradicalismbutthesedaysisdiscussedeveninpolite circles.Theideaisindependence.Oxfordgetsaround £5000$9500perundergraduateperyearfromthegovernment.Inreturn itacceptsthatitcanchargestudentsonly£1150risingto£3000nextyear ontopofthat.Sinceitprobablycostsatleast£10000ayeartoteach anundergraduatethatleavesOxfordwithadeficitof£4000orsoperstudent tocoverfromitsownfunds.IfOxforddeclaredindependence itwouldlosethe£52mundergraduatesubsidyatleast.Coulditfillthe holeCertainly.America’stopuniversitieschargearound£20000per studentperyear.Thedifficultissuewouldnotbemoneyaloneitwould bebalancingnumbersofnot-so-brilliantrichpeoplepayingtopwhackwiththe clevererpooreronestheywerecross-subsidising.America’stopuniversities manageit:highfeesmeanbetterteachingwhichkeepscompetitionhotand academicstandardshighwhileluringenoughdonationstoprovidebursariesfor thepoor.ItshouldbeeasiertoextractmoneyfromalumniifOxfordwereno longerstate-funded.Itisimpliedinthethirdparagraphthat______.
WhileAmericanshavebecomeevermoredependentupon electricityintheirdailylivesacrucialpartofthesystemthatsupports theirwayoflifehasnotkeptup.Yesthecountryhasbuiltmorepower plants-enoughtocreateaglutofpowerinmostpartsofthecountry. 41__________.California’sdisastrouspartialenergy deregulationandtheroleplayedbyEnronandotherenergymarketingcompanies initspowercrisishaveimpededchangesinthenationalabilitytodeliver power.42__________.Moreoverthedeficiencyalsoincludes inadequatecoordinationamongtheregionsinmanagingtheflowofelectricity. Theseinterregionalweaknessesaresofarthemostplausibleexplanation fortheblackoutonThursday.43__________.Theproblemis withthesystemofrulesorganizationandoversightthatgovernsthe transmissionnetworks.Itwassetupforaverydifferenteraandisnow caughtinadifficulttransition.Thetransmissionnetworks werebuilttoserveautilitysystembasedonregulatedmonopolies.Inthe olddaystherewasnocompetitionforcustomers.Todaythemissionisto connectbuyersandsellersseekingthebestdealirrespectiveofpolitical boundariesandlocaljurisdictions.44__________.Yetthe powerindustryisprobablynotevenhalfwaythereinitsshiftfromregulation tothemarketplace.TheCaliforniapowercrisisandthepower-trading scandalssentregulatorsbacktothedrawingboardslowingthedevelopmentof newinstitutionsrulesandinvestmenttomakecompetitivemarketswork. 45__________.[A]Overallformorethana decadethepowerindustryhasbeenstrugglingwithhowtomovefromtheold regulationtothenewmarketplace.Thisshiftwasdrivenbytheviewthat halfacenturyofstateregulationhadproducedpowerpricesthatweretoohigh andtoovariedamongstates.Factoriesandjobsweremigratingfrom stateswithhighelectricpowerpricestothosewithlowerprices. [B]Butthetransmissionsystemiscaughtinthemiddleofthestalled deregulationoftheAmericanelectricpowerindustry.[C]Asa resultthedevelopmentoftheregionaltransmissionorganizationsiserratic. Morethanone-thirdofthepowertransmittedisnotunderthecontrolof regionaltransmissionorganizations.Somestatesfearthattheircheap powerwouldbesuckedawaytoothermarkets;othersdonotwanttosubordinate stateauthoritytotheFederalEnergyRegulatoryCommission. [D]Itwasunclearwhenthewaterswouldrecedenevermindwhenlife wouldreturntonormal.Powermaynotberestoredforweeks. Lootingtoo.Begantospiraloutofcontrol.MrNaginwho saidthecitymightbeuninhabitableforthreemonthswasforcedtoorder policetoconcentrateonstoppingcrimenotsavingpeople.[E] What’spreventinggreaterconnectionandcoordinationbetweenregionsThe technologyexistsandisavailable;theeconomicbenefitsofrelievingthe bottlenecksbetweenregionsfarexceedsthecostsbymanybillionsofdollars. [F]Yetdespiteclaimsinthewakeoflastweek’sblackout thatthenationhasathirdworldpowergridtheregionalnetworksarefirst world.Butinonecriticalaspectthesystemhasbecomeincreasingly vulnerable:intheinterconnectionsamongthedifferentregions.Boththe numberandsizeofthewiresonthebordersbetweenregionsareinadequatefor therisingflowofelectricity.Thismissingpartcreatestheworst bottlenecksinthesystem.[G]Sinceenteringtheoverseas powermarketin1993KEPCOhasestablishedseveralachievementsthroughits distinguishedinternationalbusinessstrategiestopromoteelectricpower developmentoftheworld.Basedonitslongexperienceandadvanced technologygainedover100yearsinKoreaKEPCOcontinuestobuildupits outstandingreputationasaleadingutilitycompany.MoreoverKEPCO embraceschallengesandmakesboldstepsintowidermarketsintheworldbyits flairfordynamicactivitieswhichisfavorablyreceivedinthePhilippines ChinaVietnamandLibya.
Directions: Studythefollowingphotocarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould 1describethephotobriefly 2interpretthemeaningreflectedbyitand 3offerarelevantexample. Youshouldwrite160-200words. YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.
Text4 Electionsoftentellyoumoreabout whatpeopleareagainstthanwhattheyarefor.SoitiswiththeEuropean onesthattookplacelastweekinall25EuropeanUnionmembercountries. Theseelectionswidelytrumpetedastheworld’sbiggest-ever multinationaldemocraticvotewerefoughtforthemostpartas25separate nationalcontestswhichmakesittrickytopickoutmanycommonthemes. Butthestrongestareundoubtedlynegative.Europe’svotersareangryand disillusioned-andtheyhavedemonstratedtheirangeranddisillusioninthree mainways.Themostobviouswasbyabstaining.The averageoverallturnoutwasjustover45%bysomemarginthelowestever recordedforelectionstotheEuropeanParliament.Andthataverage disguisessomebigvariations:Italyforexamplenotchedupover70%but Swedenmanagedonly37%.Mostdepressingofallatleasttobelieversin theEuropeanprojectwastheextremelylowvoteinmanyofthenewmember countriesfromcentralEuropewhichaccountedforthewholeofthefallin turnoutsince1999.InthebiggestPolandonlyjustoverafifthofthe electorateturnedouttovote.OnlyayearagocentralEuropeansvotedin largenumberstojointheEUwhichtheydidonMay1st.Thatthey abstainedinsuchlargenumbersintheEuropeanelectionspointstoearly disillusionwiththeEuropeanUnion-aswellastoawidespreadfeelingshared intheoldmembercountriesaswellthattheEuropeanParliamentdoesnot matter.DisillusionwithEuropewasalsoabigfactorin thesecondwayinwhichvotersprotestedwhichwasbysupportingaragbagof populistnationalistandexplicitlyanti-EUparties.Theserangedfrom the16%whobackedtheUKIndependencePartywhosedeclaredpolicyisto withdrawfromtheEUandwhoseleadersseetheirmissionaswreckingthe EuropeanParliamenttothe14%whovotedforSweden’sJunelistandthe27%of Poleswhobackedoneoftwoanti-EUpartiestheLeagueofCatholicFamiliesand Selfdefence.TheseresultshavereturnedmanymoreEuroscepticsand trouble-makerstotheparliament:onsomemeasuresoveraquarterofthenew MEPSwillbelongtotheawkwardsquad.Thatisnotabadthing howeverforitwillmakethe’parliamentmorerepresentativeofEuropeanpublic opinion.ButitisthethirdtargetofEuropeanvoters’ire thatisperhapsthemostimmediatelysignificantthefactthatinmanyEU countriesoldandnewtheychosetovoteheavilyagainsttheirown governments.Thisanti-incumbentvotewasstrongalmosteverywherebutit wasmostpronouncedinBritaintheCzechRepublicGermanyPolandandSweden. TheleadersofallthefourbiggestEuropeanUnioncountriesTonyBlair inBritainJacquesChiracinFranceGerhardSchroderinGermanyandSilvio BerlusconiinItalywereeachgivenabloodynosebytheirvoters. ThebigquestionnowishowEurope’sleadersshouldrespondtothis. Byasublimeorterriblecoincidencesoonaftertheelectionsandjust asTheEconomistwasgoingtopresstheyweregatheringinBrusselsfora crucialsummitatwhichtheyareduetoagreeanewconstitutionaltreatyfor theEUandtoselectanewpresidentfortheEuropeanCommissi6n.Going intothemeetingmostEUheadsofgovernmentseemeddeterminedtopressahead withthisagendaregardlessoftheEuropeanelections--eventhoughthe atmosphereaftertheresultsmaymakeitharderforthemtostrikedeals. Therelationshipbetweentheopeningparagraphandtherestoftextisthat______.
Text2 Youarenotheretotellmewhatto do.YouareheretotellmewhyIhavedonewhatIhavealreadydecidedto doMontaguNormantheBankofEngland’slongest-servinggovernor1920-1944 isreputedtohaveoncetoldhiseconomicadviser.Todaythankfully centralbanksaimtobemoretransparentintheirdecisionmakingaswellas morerational.Butachievingeitherofthesethingsisnotalwayseasy. WiththemostlaudableofintentionstheFederalReserveAmerica’s centralbankmaybeabouttotakeastepthatcouldbackfire. UnliketheFedmanyothercentralbankshavelongdeclaredexplicit inflationtargetsandthensetinterestratestotrytomeetthese.Some economistshavearguedthattheFedshoulddothesame.WithAlan GreenspantheFed’smuch-respectedchairmanduetoretirenextyear-aftera mere18yearsinthejob-someFedofficialswanttoadoptatargetpresumably tomaintainthecentralbank’scredibilityinthescarynewpost-Greenspanera. TheFeddiscussedsuchatargetatitsFebruarymeetingaccordingto minutespublishedthisweek.Thissoundsencouraging.Howeverthe Fedisconsideringtheideajustwhensomeothercentralbanksarebeginningto questionwhetherstrictinflationtargetingreallyworks.At presentcentra1banksfocusalmostexclusivelyonconsumer-priceindices. OnthismeasureMr.Greenspancanboastthatinflationremainsunder control.Butsomecentralbankersnowarguethatthepricesofassets suchashousesandsharesshouldalsosomehowbetakenintoaccount.A broadpriceindexforAmericawhichincludeshousepricesiscurrentlyrunning at5.5%itsfastestpacesince1982.Inflationhassimplytakenadifferent form.Shouldcentralbanksalsotrytocurbincreasesinsuch assetpricesMr.Greenspancontinuestoinsistthatmonetarypolicyshouldnot beusedtoprickasset-pricebubbles.Identifyingbubblesisdifficult exceptinretrospecthesaysandinterestratesareabluntweapon:an increasebigenoughtohaltrisingpricescouldtriggerarecession.Itis betterhesaystowaitforahousingorstockmarketbubbletoburstandthen tocushiontheeconomybycuttinginterestrates-ashedidin2001-2002. Andyettheriskisnotjustthatassetpricescangoswiftly intoreverse.Aswithtraditionalinflationsurgingassetpricesalso distortpricesignalsandsocancauseamisallocationofresources-encouraging toolittlesavingforexampleortoomuchinvestmentinhousing.Surginghouse pricesmaythereforeargueforhigherinterestratesthanconventionalinflation woulddemand.Inotherwordsstrictinflationtargeting-thefadofthe1990s-is toocrude.ThewordminutesLine6Paragraph2mostprobablymeans______.
SowhatisdepressionDepressionis oftenmoreaboutangerturned1thanitisaboutsadness. Butit’susually2assadness.Depression can3atallagesfromchildhoodtooldageandit’sthe UnitedStates’No.14problem.When someoneisdepressedherbehavior5changeandsheloses interestinactivitiesshe6enjoyedlikesportsmusic friendships.Thesadnessusuallylastseverydayformostofthedayand fortwoweeksormore.What7depression A8eventcancertainlybring9 depressionbutsomewillsayithappens10a specificcause.Sohowdoyouknowifyou’rejusthavingabadday11 arereallydepressedDepressionaffectsyour12 moodsbehaviorandevenyourphysicalhealth.Thesechanges oftengo13orarelabeled14simplya badcaseoftheblues.Someonewho’struly15 depressionwillhave16periodsofcryingspells feelingsof17likenotbeingabletochangeyour situationand18tikeyou’llfeelthiswayforever irritationoragitation.Adepressedpersonoften19 fromothersDepressionseldomgoesawaybyitselfandthe greatest20ofdepressionissuicide.Theriskof suicideincreasesifthedepressionisn’ttreated.
Text4 Electionsoftentellyoumoreabout whatpeopleareagainstthanwhattheyarefor.SoitiswiththeEuropean onesthattookplacelastweekinall25EuropeanUnionmembercountries. Theseelectionswidelytrumpetedastheworld’sbiggest-ever multinationaldemocraticvotewerefoughtforthemostpartas25separate nationalcontestswhichmakesittrickytopickoutmanycommonthemes. Butthestrongestareundoubtedlynegative.Europe’svotersareangryand disillusioned-andtheyhavedemonstratedtheirangeranddisillusioninthree mainways.Themostobviouswasbyabstaining.The averageoverallturnoutwasjustover45%bysomemarginthelowestever recordedforelectionstotheEuropeanParliament.Andthataverage disguisessomebigvariations:Italyforexamplenotchedupover70%but Swedenmanagedonly37%.Mostdepressingofallatleasttobelieversin theEuropeanprojectwastheextremelylowvoteinmanyofthenewmember countriesfromcentralEuropewhichaccountedforthewholeofthefallin turnoutsince1999.InthebiggestPolandonlyjustoverafifthofthe electorateturnedouttovote.OnlyayearagocentralEuropeansvotedin largenumberstojointheEUwhichtheydidonMay1st.Thatthey abstainedinsuchlargenumbersintheEuropeanelectionspointstoearly disillusionwiththeEuropeanUnion-aswellastoawidespreadfeelingshared intheoldmembercountriesaswellthattheEuropeanParliamentdoesnot matter.DisillusionwithEuropewasalsoabigfactorin thesecondwayinwhichvotersprotestedwhichwasbysupportingaragbagof populistnationalistandexplicitlyanti-EUparties.Theserangedfrom the16%whobackedtheUKIndependencePartywhosedeclaredpolicyisto withdrawfromtheEUandwhoseleadersseetheirmissionaswreckingthe EuropeanParliamenttothe14%whovotedforSweden’sJunelistandthe27%of Poleswhobackedoneoftwoanti-EUpartiestheLeagueofCatholicFamiliesand Selfdefence.TheseresultshavereturnedmanymoreEuroscepticsand trouble-makerstotheparliament:onsomemeasuresoveraquarterofthenew MEPSwillbelongtotheawkwardsquad.Thatisnotabadthing howeverforitwillmakethe’parliamentmorerepresentativeofEuropeanpublic opinion.ButitisthethirdtargetofEuropeanvoters’ire thatisperhapsthemostimmediatelysignificantthefactthatinmanyEU countriesoldandnewtheychosetovoteheavilyagainsttheirown governments.Thisanti-incumbentvotewasstrongalmosteverywherebutit wasmostpronouncedinBritaintheCzechRepublicGermanyPolandandSweden. TheleadersofallthefourbiggestEuropeanUnioncountriesTonyBlair inBritainJacquesChiracinFranceGerhardSchroderinGermanyandSilvio BerlusconiinItalywereeachgivenabloodynosebytheirvoters. ThebigquestionnowishowEurope’sleadersshouldrespondtothis. Byasublimeorterriblecoincidencesoonaftertheelectionsandjust asTheEconomistwasgoingtopresstheyweregatheringinBrusselsfora crucialsummitatwhichtheyareduetoagreeanewconstitutionaltreatyfor theEUandtoselectanewpresidentfortheEuropeanCommissi6n.Going intothemeetingmostEUheadsofgovernmentseemeddeterminedtopressahead withthisagendaregardlessoftheEuropeanelections--eventhoughthe atmosphereaftertheresultsmaymakeitharderforthemtostrikedeals. Itisimpliedintheconcludingparagraphthat______.
SowhatisdepressionDepressionis oftenmoreaboutangerturned1thanitisaboutsadness. Butit’susually2assadness.Depression can3atallagesfromchildhoodtooldageandit’sthe UnitedStates’No.14problem.When someoneisdepressedherbehavior5changeandsheloses interestinactivitiesshe6enjoyedlikesportsmusic friendships.Thesadnessusuallylastseverydayformostofthedayand fortwoweeksormore.What7depression A8eventcancertainlybring9 depressionbutsomewillsayithappens10a specificcause.Sohowdoyouknowifyou’rejusthavingabadday11 arereallydepressedDepressionaffectsyour12 moodsbehaviorandevenyourphysicalhealth.Thesechanges oftengo13orarelabeled14simplya badcaseoftheblues.Someonewho’struly15 depressionwillhave16periodsofcryingspells feelingsof17likenotbeingabletochangeyour situationand18tikeyou’llfeelthiswayforever irritationoragitation.Adepressedpersonoften19 fromothersDepressionseldomgoesawaybyitselfandthe greatest20ofdepressionissuicide.Theriskof suicideincreasesifthedepressionisn’ttreated.
SowhatisdepressionDepressionis oftenmoreaboutangerturned1thanitisaboutsadness. Butit’susually2assadness.Depression can3atallagesfromchildhoodtooldageandit’sthe UnitedStates’No.14problem.When someoneisdepressedherbehavior5changeandsheloses interestinactivitiesshe6enjoyedlikesportsmusic friendships.Thesadnessusuallylastseverydayformostofthedayand fortwoweeksormore.What7depression A8eventcancertainlybring9 depressionbutsomewillsayithappens10a specificcause.Sohowdoyouknowifyou’rejusthavingabadday11 arereallydepressedDepressionaffectsyour12 moodsbehaviorandevenyourphysicalhealth.Thesechanges oftengo13orarelabeled14simplya badcaseoftheblues.Someonewho’struly15 depressionwillhave16periodsofcryingspells feelingsof17likenotbeingabletochangeyour situationand18tikeyou’llfeelthiswayforever irritationoragitation.Adepressedpersonoften19 fromothersDepressionseldomgoesawaybyitselfandthe greatest20ofdepressionissuicide.Theriskof suicideincreasesifthedepressionisn’ttreated.
SowhatisdepressionDepressionis oftenmoreaboutangerturned1thanitisaboutsadness. Butit’susually2assadness.Depression can3atallagesfromchildhoodtooldageandit’sthe UnitedStates’No.14problem.When someoneisdepressedherbehavior5changeandsheloses interestinactivitiesshe6enjoyedlikesportsmusic friendships.Thesadnessusuallylastseverydayformostofthedayand fortwoweeksormore.What7depression A8eventcancertainlybring9 depressionbutsomewillsayithappens10a specificcause.Sohowdoyouknowifyou’rejusthavingabadday11 arereallydepressedDepressionaffectsyour12 moodsbehaviorandevenyourphysicalhealth.Thesechanges oftengo13orarelabeled14simplya badcaseoftheblues.Someonewho’struly15 depressionwillhave16periodsofcryingspells feelingsof17likenotbeingabletochangeyour situationand18tikeyou’llfeelthiswayforever irritationoragitation.Adepressedpersonoften19 fromothersDepressionseldomgoesawaybyitselfandthe greatest20ofdepressionissuicide.Theriskof suicideincreasesifthedepressionisn’ttreated.
SowhatisdepressionDepressionis oftenmoreaboutangerturned1thanitisaboutsadness. Butit’susually2assadness.Depression can3atallagesfromchildhoodtooldageandit’sthe UnitedStates’No.14problem.When someoneisdepressedherbehavior5changeandsheloses interestinactivitiesshe6enjoyedlikesportsmusic friendships.Thesadnessusuallylastseverydayformostofthedayand fortwoweeksormore.What7depression A8eventcancertainlybring9 depressionbutsomewillsayithappens10a specificcause.Sohowdoyouknowifyou’rejusthavingabadday11 arereallydepressedDepressionaffectsyour12 moodsbehaviorandevenyourphysicalhealth.Thesechanges oftengo13orarelabeled14simplya badcaseoftheblues.Someonewho’struly15 depressionwillhave16periodsofcryingspells feelingsof17likenotbeingabletochangeyour situationand18tikeyou’llfeelthiswayforever irritationoragitation.Adepressedpersonoften19 fromothersDepressionseldomgoesawaybyitselfandthe greatest20ofdepressionissuicide.Theriskof suicideincreasesifthedepressionisn’ttreated.
WhileAmericanshavebecomeevermoredependentupon electricityintheirdailylivesacrucialpartofthesystemthatsupports theirwayoflifehasnotkeptup.Yesthecountryhasbuiltmorepower plants-enoughtocreateaglutofpowerinmostpartsofthecountry. 41__________.California’sdisastrouspartialenergy deregulationandtheroleplayedbyEnronandotherenergymarketingcompanies initspowercrisishaveimpededchangesinthenationalabilitytodeliver power.42__________.Moreoverthedeficiencyalsoincludes inadequatecoordinationamongtheregionsinmanagingtheflowofelectricity. Theseinterregionalweaknessesaresofarthemostplausibleexplanation fortheblackoutonThursday.43__________.Theproblemis withthesystemofrulesorganizationandoversightthatgovernsthe transmissionnetworks.Itwassetupforaverydifferenteraandisnow caughtinadifficulttransition.Thetransmissionnetworks werebuilttoserveautilitysystembasedonregulatedmonopolies.Inthe olddaystherewasnocompetitionforcustomers.Todaythemissionisto connectbuyersandsellersseekingthebestdealirrespectiveofpolitical boundariesandlocaljurisdictions.44__________.Yetthe powerindustryisprobablynotevenhalfwaythereinitsshiftfromregulation tothemarketplace.TheCaliforniapowercrisisandthepower-trading scandalssentregulatorsbacktothedrawingboardslowingthedevelopmentof newinstitutionsrulesandinvestmenttomakecompetitivemarketswork. 45__________.[A]Overallformorethana decadethepowerindustryhasbeenstrugglingwithhowtomovefromtheold regulationtothenewmarketplace.Thisshiftwasdrivenbytheviewthat halfacenturyofstateregulationhadproducedpowerpricesthatweretoohigh andtoovariedamongstates.Factoriesandjobsweremigratingfrom stateswithhighelectricpowerpricestothosewithlowerprices. [B]Butthetransmissionsystemiscaughtinthemiddleofthestalled deregulationoftheAmericanelectricpowerindustry.[C]Asa resultthedevelopmentoftheregionaltransmissionorganizationsiserratic. Morethanone-thirdofthepowertransmittedisnotunderthecontrolof regionaltransmissionorganizations.Somestatesfearthattheircheap powerwouldbesuckedawaytoothermarkets;othersdonotwanttosubordinate stateauthoritytotheFederalEnergyRegulatoryCommission. [D]Itwasunclearwhenthewaterswouldrecedenevermindwhenlife wouldreturntonormal.Powermaynotberestoredforweeks. Lootingtoo.Begantospiraloutofcontrol.MrNaginwho saidthecitymightbeuninhabitableforthreemonthswasforcedtoorder policetoconcentrateonstoppingcrimenotsavingpeople.[E] What’spreventinggreaterconnectionandcoordinationbetweenregionsThe technologyexistsandisavailable;theeconomicbenefitsofrelievingthe bottlenecksbetweenregionsfarexceedsthecostsbymanybillionsofdollars. [F]Yetdespiteclaimsinthewakeoflastweek’sblackout thatthenationhasathirdworldpowergridtheregionalnetworksarefirst world.Butinonecriticalaspectthesystemhasbecomeincreasingly vulnerable:intheinterconnectionsamongthedifferentregions.Boththe numberandsizeofthewiresonthebordersbetweenregionsareinadequatefor therisingflowofelectricity.Thismissingpartcreatestheworst bottlenecksinthesystem.[G]Sinceenteringtheoverseas powermarketin1993KEPCOhasestablishedseveralachievementsthroughits distinguishedinternationalbusinessstrategiestopromoteelectricpower developmentoftheworld.Basedonitslongexperienceandadvanced technologygainedover100yearsinKoreaKEPCOcontinuestobuildupits outstandingreputationasaleadingutilitycompany.MoreoverKEPCO embraceschallengesandmakesboldstepsintowidermarketsintheworldbyits flairfordynamicactivitieswhichisfavorablyreceivedinthePhilippines ChinaVietnamandLibya.
SowhatisdepressionDepressionis oftenmoreaboutangerturned1thanitisaboutsadness. Butit’susually2assadness.Depression can3atallagesfromchildhoodtooldageandit’sthe UnitedStates’No.14problem.When someoneisdepressedherbehavior5changeandsheloses interestinactivitiesshe6enjoyedlikesportsmusic friendships.Thesadnessusuallylastseverydayformostofthedayand fortwoweeksormore.What7depression A8eventcancertainlybring9 depressionbutsomewillsayithappens10a specificcause.Sohowdoyouknowifyou’rejusthavingabadday11 arereallydepressedDepressionaffectsyour12 moodsbehaviorandevenyourphysicalhealth.Thesechanges oftengo13orarelabeled14simplya badcaseoftheblues.Someonewho’struly15 depressionwillhave16periodsofcryingspells feelingsof17likenotbeingabletochangeyour situationand18tikeyou’llfeelthiswayforever irritationoragitation.Adepressedpersonoften19 fromothersDepressionseldomgoesawaybyitselfandthe greatest20ofdepressionissuicide.Theriskof suicideincreasesifthedepressionisn’ttreated.
热门题库
更多
香港法概论
反间谍法
__学
合同法
证据学
民事诉讼法学
民法学
刑法学
消费者权益保护法
法理学
竞争法
国际公法
国际经济法
农村政策法规
行政法与行政诉讼法
仲裁法学