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Part B Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, ...
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Directions: YouhavetroublewithreadingandareinneedofsomeadvicefromProfessorWang. Writealettertohimto 1givehimyourpersonalinformation 2stateyourproblemsand 3askforthetimeandplaceofapossibleinterviewwithhim. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.UseLiMinginstead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.
Directions:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatext aboutmarket.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA--Fforeach numberedparagraph41--45.Thefirstparagraphofthetextisnotnumbered. Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.Markyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1. [A]MarketData[B]MarketProsperity[C]SecretofSuccess[D] QuestionstoAsk[E]UnderstandingYourMarket[F]Market ResearchSuccessfulsmallbusinessexpansionsandnewjob formationleadthewayincreatingnewmarketsinnovationsandjobsthatfuel economicgrowthandprosperity.Inrecognitionoftheimportance ofsmallbusinesstoastrongeconomytheU.S.SmallBusinessAdministration SBAispleasedtohelpmeettheinformationneedsofexistingbusinessowners andaspiringentrepreneurs.41.______Yourbusinesswillnot succeedjustbecauseyouwantittosucceed.Determiningifthereisamarket foryourproductsorservicesisthemostcriticalitemofplanning.Onceyou decideonyourproductorserviceyoumustanalyzeyourmarket--aprocess involvinginterviewingcompetitorssuppliersandnewcustomers. Beforeyoubeginresearchingyourmarkethoweveryoushouldtakea briefbutcloselookatyourproductorservicefromanobjectivestandpoint. Youshouldaskyourselfthefollowingquestions:--Isthis productorserviceinconstantdemand--Howmanycompetitors providethesameserviceorproduct--CanIcreateademand formyproductorservice--CanIcompeteeffectivelyin pricequalityanddelivery—CanIpricemyproductorservice toassureaprofitOnceyouaresatisfiedthatthese preliminaryquestionsareansweredmoveontoperformingyourresearch.42. ______.Itisextremelybeneficialtoinvestigateamarket becausetheinformationgatheredcanincreaseyourprofitpotential. Specificallyit:--Indicatesalternativesalesapproachesto yourmarket.--Providesamoreaccuratebaseformakingprofit assumptions.--Aidsintheorganizationofmarketing activities.--Assistsinthedevelopmentofcritical short/mid-termgoals.--Helpsestablishyourmarket’sprofit boundaries.Unfortunatelymanyentrepreneursfailtocomplete thiscriticalsectionoftheirbusinessplan.Collectingresearchdatacanbe frustratingunlessyouhavedefinedyourgoalsandorganizedthecollectionand analysisprocess.Topreventthisfromhappeningyoumustplanhowyouwill collectsortandanalyzetheinformation.Maintainanotebookandfileinwhich tostoreorganizeandretrievedataasneeded.43.______. Yourresearchshouldaskthesequestions..--Whoareyour customers--Wherearetheylocated--What aretheirneedsandresources--Isyourserviceorproduct essentialintheiroperationspractivities—Canthecustomer affordyourserviceorproduct—Wherecanyoucreateademand foryourserviceorproduct--Whatareaswithinyourmarket aredecliningorgrowing--Whatisthegeneraleconomyofyour serviceorproductarea44.______.Knowingyourmarket requiresanunderstandingnotonlyofyourproductbutalsoofyourcustomers’ socioeconomiccharacteristics.Thisinformationwillserveasamapinletting youknowwhatisahead.Moremarketinformationcanbefound in--Librarylistingsoftradeassociationsand journals.--Regionalplanningorganizations’studiesongrowth trends.--Banksrealtorsandinsurancecompanies. —Competitors.--Customersurveysinyourmarket area.Onceyouhaveobtainedandanalyzedthisinformationit willbecomethefoundationofyourbusinessplan.Researchinformationis importantbecauseitsupportsthebasicassumptionsinyourfinancial projection--yourreasonforgoingintobusiness.45.______ Tobesuccessfulasmallbusinessownermustknowthemarket.Market researchissimplyanorderlyobjectivewayoflearningaboutpeople--the peoplewhowillbuyfromyou.
IncountriesotherthantheirownmostAmericans______
Directions:Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthen translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe writtenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. Manfirstappearedontheearthabout2millionyearsago. Thenhewaslittlemorethanananimal;butearlymanhadabigadvantageover theanimals.Hehadinhisbrainspecialgroupsofnervecellsnotpresentin animalsthatenabledhimtoinventalanguageanduseittocommunicatewithhis fellowmen.46Thisabilitytospeakwasofgreatvaluebecauseitallowed mentoshareideasandtoplantogethersothattasksimpossibleforasingle personcouldbesuccessfullyundertakenbyintelligentteam-work.Speech alsoenabledideastobepassedonfromgenerationtogenerationsothatthe stockofhumanknowledgeslowlyincreased.Itwasthisspecial abilitythatputmenfaraheadofotherlivingcreaturesinthestrugglefor existence.47Hemastereddarknessfirstwithdimlightsandlaterwith brighterandbrighterlampsuntilhecannowmakeforhimselfsodazzlinga lightwithanarelampthatlikethesunitistoostrongforhisnaked eyes.48Manfoundthathisownmusclesweretooweak fortheworkwhichhewantedtodo;heexploredmanyotherformsofpoweruntil nowhehashishandsontheultimatesourceofphysicalenergythenuclear power.Fromman’searliestdaystheflightofbirdshasraisedhiswonder anddesire.WhyshouldhenotflyastheydidThenhebegantoexperiment.At lasthelearnthowtomaketherightmachinestocarryhimthroughtheair.Now hecanflyfasterthansound.Alreadyhehasplansforconqueringspaceanda seriesofexperimentshasbeencompleted.49Itwillnotbelongnowbefore mantakesagiantstepawayfromhisplanetandvisitsthemoonlearningwhat itisliketohavenoweighttohisbodynoupwarddirectionandno downward.Manalwaysawandererhastoovercomethe difficultyofadaptinghimselftodifferentclimates.50Fortunatelyin spiteofhavingno.thickskinorwarmfurtoprotecthimheispeculiarly strongcomparedwithotherlivingcreaturesmostofwhomareunabletolivefar outsidetheregionthatsuitsthembest.
ThePWAdifferedfromtheWPAinthat
Theauthorwritesthispassageto______
Directions:Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthen translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe writtenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. Manfirstappearedontheearthabout2millionyearsago. Thenhewaslittlemorethanananimal;butearlymanhadabigadvantageover theanimals.Hehadinhisbrainspecialgroupsofnervecellsnotpresentin animalsthatenabledhimtoinventalanguageanduseittocommunicatewithhis fellowmen.46Thisabilitytospeakwasofgreatvaluebecauseitallowed mentoshareideasandtoplantogethersothattasksimpossibleforasingle personcouldbesuccessfullyundertakenbyintelligentteam-work.Speech alsoenabledideastobepassedonfromgenerationtogenerationsothatthe stockofhumanknowledgeslowlyincreased.Itwasthisspecial abilitythatputmenfaraheadofotherlivingcreaturesinthestrugglefor existence.47Hemastereddarknessfirstwithdimlightsandlaterwith brighterandbrighterlampsuntilhecannowmakeforhimselfsodazzlinga lightwithanarelampthatlikethesunitistoostrongforhisnaked eyes.48Manfoundthathisownmusclesweretooweak fortheworkwhichhewantedtodo;heexploredmanyotherformsofpoweruntil nowhehashishandsontheultimatesourceofphysicalenergythenuclear power.Fromman’searliestdaystheflightofbirdshasraisedhiswonder anddesire.WhyshouldhenotflyastheydidThenhebegantoexperiment.At lasthelearnthowtomaketherightmachinestocarryhimthroughtheair.Now hecanflyfasterthansound.Alreadyhehasplansforconqueringspaceanda seriesofexperimentshasbeencompleted.49Itwillnotbelongnowbefore mantakesagiantstepawayfromhisplanetandvisitsthemoonlearningwhat itisliketohavenoweighttohisbodynoupwarddirectionandno downward.Manalwaysawandererhastoovercomethe difficultyofadaptinghimselftodifferentclimates.50Fortunatelyin spiteofhavingno.thickskinorwarmfurtoprotecthimheispeculiarly strongcomparedwithotherlivingcreaturesmostofwhomareunabletolivefar outsidetheregionthatsuitsthembest.
WhichsentenceisthemainideaofParagraph2______
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Directions:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatext aboutmarket.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA--Fforeach numberedparagraph41--45.Thefirstparagraphofthetextisnotnumbered. Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.Markyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1. [A]MarketData[B]MarketProsperity[C]SecretofSuccess[D] QuestionstoAsk[E]UnderstandingYourMarket[F]Market ResearchSuccessfulsmallbusinessexpansionsandnewjob formationleadthewayincreatingnewmarketsinnovationsandjobsthatfuel economicgrowthandprosperity.Inrecognitionoftheimportance ofsmallbusinesstoastrongeconomytheU.S.SmallBusinessAdministration SBAispleasedtohelpmeettheinformationneedsofexistingbusinessowners andaspiringentrepreneurs.41.______Yourbusinesswillnot succeedjustbecauseyouwantittosucceed.Determiningifthereisamarket foryourproductsorservicesisthemostcriticalitemofplanning.Onceyou decideonyourproductorserviceyoumustanalyzeyourmarket--aprocess involvinginterviewingcompetitorssuppliersandnewcustomers. Beforeyoubeginresearchingyourmarkethoweveryoushouldtakea briefbutcloselookatyourproductorservicefromanobjectivestandpoint. Youshouldaskyourselfthefollowingquestions:--Isthis productorserviceinconstantdemand--Howmanycompetitors providethesameserviceorproduct--CanIcreateademand formyproductorservice--CanIcompeteeffectivelyin pricequalityanddelivery—CanIpricemyproductorservice toassureaprofitOnceyouaresatisfiedthatthese preliminaryquestionsareansweredmoveontoperformingyourresearch.42. ______.Itisextremelybeneficialtoinvestigateamarket becausetheinformationgatheredcanincreaseyourprofitpotential. Specificallyit:--Indicatesalternativesalesapproachesto yourmarket.--Providesamoreaccuratebaseformakingprofit assumptions.--Aidsintheorganizationofmarketing activities.--Assistsinthedevelopmentofcritical short/mid-termgoals.--Helpsestablishyourmarket’sprofit boundaries.Unfortunatelymanyentrepreneursfailtocomplete thiscriticalsectionoftheirbusinessplan.Collectingresearchdatacanbe frustratingunlessyouhavedefinedyourgoalsandorganizedthecollectionand analysisprocess.Topreventthisfromhappeningyoumustplanhowyouwill collectsortandanalyzetheinformation.Maintainanotebookandfileinwhich tostoreorganizeandretrievedataasneeded.43.______. Yourresearchshouldaskthesequestions..--Whoareyour customers--Wherearetheylocated--What aretheirneedsandresources--Isyourserviceorproduct essentialintheiroperationspractivities—Canthecustomer affordyourserviceorproduct—Wherecanyoucreateademand foryourserviceorproduct--Whatareaswithinyourmarket aredecliningorgrowing--Whatisthegeneraleconomyofyour serviceorproductarea44.______.Knowingyourmarket requiresanunderstandingnotonlyofyourproductbutalsoofyourcustomers’ socioeconomiccharacteristics.Thisinformationwillserveasamapinletting youknowwhatisahead.Moremarketinformationcanbefound in--Librarylistingsoftradeassociationsand journals.--Regionalplanningorganizations’studiesongrowth trends.--Banksrealtorsandinsurancecompanies. —Competitors.--Customersurveysinyourmarket area.Onceyouhaveobtainedandanalyzedthisinformationit willbecomethefoundationofyourbusinessplan.Researchinformationis importantbecauseitsupportsthebasicassumptionsinyourfinancial projection--yourreasonforgoingintobusiness.45.______ Tobesuccessfulasmallbusinessownermustknowthemarket.Market researchissimplyanorderlyobjectivewayoflearningaboutpeople--the peoplewhowillbuyfromyou.
Directions:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatext aboutmarket.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA--Fforeach numberedparagraph41--45.Thefirstparagraphofthetextisnotnumbered. Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.Markyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1. [A]MarketData[B]MarketProsperity[C]SecretofSuccess[D] QuestionstoAsk[E]UnderstandingYourMarket[F]Market ResearchSuccessfulsmallbusinessexpansionsandnewjob formationleadthewayincreatingnewmarketsinnovationsandjobsthatfuel economicgrowthandprosperity.Inrecognitionoftheimportance ofsmallbusinesstoastrongeconomytheU.S.SmallBusinessAdministration SBAispleasedtohelpmeettheinformationneedsofexistingbusinessowners andaspiringentrepreneurs.41.______Yourbusinesswillnot succeedjustbecauseyouwantittosucceed.Determiningifthereisamarket foryourproductsorservicesisthemostcriticalitemofplanning.Onceyou decideonyourproductorserviceyoumustanalyzeyourmarket--aprocess involvinginterviewingcompetitorssuppliersandnewcustomers. Beforeyoubeginresearchingyourmarkethoweveryoushouldtakea briefbutcloselookatyourproductorservicefromanobjectivestandpoint. Youshouldaskyourselfthefollowingquestions:--Isthis productorserviceinconstantdemand--Howmanycompetitors providethesameserviceorproduct--CanIcreateademand formyproductorservice--CanIcompeteeffectivelyin pricequalityanddelivery—CanIpricemyproductorservice toassureaprofitOnceyouaresatisfiedthatthese preliminaryquestionsareansweredmoveontoperformingyourresearch.42. ______.Itisextremelybeneficialtoinvestigateamarket becausetheinformationgatheredcanincreaseyourprofitpotential. Specificallyit:--Indicatesalternativesalesapproachesto yourmarket.--Providesamoreaccuratebaseformakingprofit assumptions.--Aidsintheorganizationofmarketing activities.--Assistsinthedevelopmentofcritical short/mid-termgoals.--Helpsestablishyourmarket’sprofit boundaries.Unfortunatelymanyentrepreneursfailtocomplete thiscriticalsectionoftheirbusinessplan.Collectingresearchdatacanbe frustratingunlessyouhavedefinedyourgoalsandorganizedthecollectionand analysisprocess.Topreventthisfromhappeningyoumustplanhowyouwill collectsortandanalyzetheinformation.Maintainanotebookandfileinwhich tostoreorganizeandretrievedataasneeded.43.______. Yourresearchshouldaskthesequestions..--Whoareyour customers--Wherearetheylocated--What aretheirneedsandresources--Isyourserviceorproduct essentialintheiroperationspractivities—Canthecustomer affordyourserviceorproduct—Wherecanyoucreateademand foryourserviceorproduct--Whatareaswithinyourmarket aredecliningorgrowing--Whatisthegeneraleconomyofyour serviceorproductarea44.______.Knowingyourmarket requiresanunderstandingnotonlyofyourproductbutalsoofyourcustomers’ socioeconomiccharacteristics.Thisinformationwillserveasamapinletting youknowwhatisahead.Moremarketinformationcanbefound in--Librarylistingsoftradeassociationsand journals.--Regionalplanningorganizations’studiesongrowth trends.--Banksrealtorsandinsurancecompanies. —Competitors.--Customersurveysinyourmarket area.Onceyouhaveobtainedandanalyzedthisinformationit willbecomethefoundationofyourbusinessplan.Researchinformationis importantbecauseitsupportsthebasicassumptionsinyourfinancial projection--yourreasonforgoingintobusiness.45.______ Tobesuccessfulasmallbusinessownermustknowthemarket.Market researchissimplyanorderlyobjectivewayoflearningaboutpeople--the peoplewhowillbuyfromyou.
Text4 Increasinglyhistoriansareblaming diseasesimportedfromtheOldWorldforthegreatdisparitybetweenthenative populationofAmericain1492--newestimatesofwhichjumpashighas100 millionorapproximatelyone-sixthofthehumanraceatthattime--andthefew millionfull-bloodedNativeAmericansaliveattheendofthenineteenth century.Thereisnodoubtthatchronicdiseasewasanimportantfactorinthe sharpdeclineanditishighlyprobablethatthegreatestkillerwasepidemic diseaseespeciallyasmanifestedinvirgin-soilepidemics. Virgin-soilepidemicsarethoseinwhichthepopulationsatriskhavehad nopreviouscontactwiththediseasesthatstrikethemandaretherefore immunologicallyalmostdefenseless.Thatvirgin-soilepidemicswereimportantin Americanhistoryisstronglyindicatedbyevidencethatanumberofdangerous maladies--smallpoxmeaslesmalariayellowfeverandundoubtedlyseveral more--wereunknowninthepre-ColumbianNewWorld.Theeffectsoftheirsudden introductionaredemonstratedintheearlychroniclesofAmericawhichcontain reportsofhorribleepidemicsandsteeppopulationdeclinesconfirmedinmany casesbyquantitativeanalyzesofSpanishtributerecordsandothersources.The evidenceprovidedbythedocumentsofBritishandFrenchcoloniesisnotas definitivebecausetheconquerorsofthoseareasdidnotestablishpermanent settlementsandbegantokeepcontinuousrecordsuntiltheseventeenthcentury bywhichtimetheworstepidemicshadprobablyalreadytakenplace.Furthermore theBritishtendedtodrivethenativepopulationsawayratherthantoenslave themastheSpaniardsdid;sothattheepidemicsofBritishAmericaoccurred beyondtherangeofcolonists’directobservation.Evensothe survivingrecordsofNorthAmericadocontainreferencestodeadlyepidemics amongthenativepopulation.In1616--1619anepidemicpossiblyofpneumonic plaguesweptcoastalNewEnglandkillingasmanyasnineoutoften.During the1630’ssmallpoxthediseasemostfataltotheNativeAmericanpeople eliminatedhalfthepopulationoftheHuronandIroquoisconfederations.Inthe 1820’sfeverruinedthepeopleoftheColumbiaRiverareakillingeightoutof tenofthem.Unfortunatelythedocumentationoftheseandother epidemicsisslightandfrequentlyunreliableanditisnecessarytosupplement whatlittlewedeknowwithevidencefromrecentepidemicsamongNative Americans.Forexamplein1952anoutbreakofmeaslesamongtheNativeAmerican inhabitantsofUngavaBayQuebecaffected99percentofthepopulationand killed7percenteventhoughsomehadthebenefitofmodernmedicine.Cases suchasthisdemonstratethatevendiseasesthatarenotnormallyfatalcanhave destroyingconsequenceswhentheystrikeanimmunologicallydefenseless community.Notes:disparity差距virgin-soil处女地malady疾病 chronicle编年史tribute贡品pneumonicplague肺鼠疫confederation同盟smallpox 天花measles麻疹Theauthormentionsthe1952measlesoutbreakmostprobablyinorderto
WhichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainpointofParagraph1______
Intraditionallyfemalejobsattractiveness______
TheauthorgivesmanyexamplestocriticizeAmericansfortheir______
OnemethodofpreventingoralleviatingdepressionNotmentionedbytheauthoristheuseof______
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