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transfer heat from the cylinder to the piston scrape oil from the sides of the piston seal the combustion space from the crankcases prevent any piston contact with the cylinder liner
seal the space between the piston and liner transmit heat from the piston to the cylinder liner reduce the amount of combustion gas blow-by all of the above
prevent excessive cylinder liner wear reduce friction losses in the engine seal the space between the piston and the liner limit upward flow of lube oil into the combustion space
seal the space between the piston and the liner reduce the amount of lube oil burned in the combustion chamber transmit heat from the piston to the cylinder liner damp out fluctuations of the piston side thrust
the crankcase explosion lifting of the cylinder safety valve a scavenge fire opening of the manhole
crown and skirt liner and jacket ring and groove jacket and block
provide a reservoir for cylinder lubrication pump oil into the combustion space for cylinder cooling prevent excessive lubricating oil consumption allow hydraulic oil film formation on the cylinder
prevent piston side thrust prevent engine friction losses transmit heat from the piston to the cylinder liner remove oil from the cylinder combustion space
cooling water cooling oil refrigerant lubricate oil
build up the piston crown by metal spraying build up the cylinder head by metal spraying insert shims between the crankpin bearing box and the connecting rod foot install a thinner head gasket
induce carbon formation on cylinder walls improve fuel penetration in the combustion space form a friction reducing film between mating surfaces lubricate the fuel injection
produce a scavenging effect in the combustion space equalize cylinder and exhaust manifold pressures alleviate the difference in valve size between the intake and exhaust flush out condensate that collects after each compression stroke
the cooling water the circulating water the cooler the cooling water space
alternation of side thrust a breakdown of the lube oil film on the cylinder wall worn piston boss piston pin bearings fluctuating gas pressure in the combustion space
injection pressure shape of combustion space turbulence in combustion space all of the above
cylinder covers lubricating space crosshead exhaust manifold
Liner wear is distributed equally between the upper and lower portions of the cylinder Excessive liner wear causes wear between piston ring and groove Excessive, but uniform liner wear will not cause wear between piston ring and groove Liner wear is normally greatest in the middle of the cylinder
graphite packing sealing compound lubricating oil gaskets
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