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《易经》说：“易……之为道也屡迁，变动不居，周流无虚，上下无常，刚柔相易，不可为典要，惟变所适。”这是
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文人对各种植物有自己的偏爱陶渊明喜爱菊花北宋文豪苏东坡则说过宁可食无肉不可
居无松
居无竹
居无梅
夫易之为书变动不居的居义为
居住
坐
停
当
积蓄
系传说易之为书也不可远为道也屡迁变动不居周流六虚上下无常刚柔相易不可为典要唯变所适这是
相对主义的观点
辩证法的观点
形而上学的观点
二元论的观点
科学精神的核心是求真务实我们的一切实践都需符合规律切合实际规律指引下的世界变动不居我们不能_____
因循守旧
沾沾自喜
妄自菲薄
刚愎自用
真象和假象的区别在于
真象是客观的，假象是主观的
真象是确定的，假象是不确定的
真象是稳定的，假象是变动不居的
真象从正面直接地表现本质，假象从反面歪曲地表现本质
下列选项中不含的通假字的一项
道之斯行，绥之斯来
居则曰：‘不吾知也！’
以吾一日长乎尔，毋吾以也
无欲速，无见小利
补写出下列名句名篇中的空缺部分1纤云弄巧飞星传恨银汉迢迢暗度便胜却人间无数忍顾鹊桥归路秦观鹊桥仙2户
文人对各种植物有自己的偏爱陶渊明喜爱菊花北宋文豪苏东坡则说过宁可食无 肉不可
居无松
居无竹
居无梅
居无菊
世间万物变动不居明者因时而变知者随事而制这说明①运动是绝对的静止是相对的②一切要以时间地点条件为转移
①②
①④
②③
③④
文人对各种植物有自己的偏爱陶渊明喜爱菊花北宋文豪苏东坡则说过宁可食无肉不可
居无松
居无竹
居无梅
居无菊
易传说易之为道也屡迁变动不居周流六虚上下无常刚柔相易不可为典要唯变所适这是
相对主义的观点
辩证法的观点
形而上学的观点
二元论的观点
无流道或热流道模具
易传说易．．．．．．之为道也屡迁变动不居周流无虚上下无常刚柔相易不可为典要惟变所适这是
相对主义的观点
辩证法的观点
形而上学的观点
二元论的观点
世间万物变动不居明者因时而变知者随事而制这说明①世界是绝对运动与相对静止的统一②离开物质谈运动是形而
①②
①④
②③
③④
无流道凝料浇注系统是指的浇注系统
无主流道
无分流道
无浇口
成型后的塑件无流道凝料
论语家语·六本中记载孔子曾说治政有理矣而农为本居国有道矣而嗣为本生财有时矣而力为本置本不固无务农桑亲
①②
①④
①③④
①②③
世间万物变动不居明者因时而变知者随事而制这说明①运动是绝对的静止是相对的②一切要以时间地点条件为转移
①②
①④
②③
③④
在夫易之为书变动不居中居之义为
居住
停止
处理
住所
据列子记载子贡倦于学告仲尼曰愿有所息仲尼日生无所息从哲学角度看下列选项与仲尼观点相近的是①大子乃祈来
①②
①③
②④
③④
用斜线/给下面的短文断句限划9处4分危邦不入乱邦不居天下有道则见无道则隐邦有道贫且贱焉耻也邦无道富且
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Text4OnepertinentquestioninthewakeoftheearthquakenearAcehandthetsunamiitgeneratedishowmuchnoticeofanapproachingwavecanbegiventovulnerablepeoplewithouttheriskofcrying"wolf"toooften.Earthquakesthemselvesareunpredictableandlikelytoremainso.Butdetectingthemwhentheyhappenisaroutinetechnology.Thatwasnottheprobleminthiscasewhichwasobservedbymonitoringstationsallovertheworld.Unfortunatelyfortheforecastersalthoughanypowerfulsubmarineearthquakebringstheriskofadangeroustsunaminotallsuchearthquakesactuallyresultinabigwaveandfalsealarmscostmoneyandbreedcynicism.Ontopofthatmost"tsunamigenic"earthquakeswhicharecausedwhentheprocessesofplatetectonicsforceheavyoceaniccrustalrockbelowlightercontinentalrocktocreateadeeptrenchatthebottomoftheseaoccurinthePacificwhichisalmostsurroundedbysuchtrenches.IntheIndiaOceandeeptrenchesareconfinedtothesoutherncoastofIndonesiaandtsunamisarerare.Sincemostofthecountriesaffectedbythistsunamiarepoorormiddle-incomeatbestandmonitoringcostsmoneythismightsuggestthatafatalisticapproachtothequestionisreasonable.ButAmericanandJapaneseexperiencesuggeststhateffectivemonitoringneednotbethatexpensive.Thesetwocountrieshavenetworksofseabedpressure-detectorsthatcanmonitortsunamisandindicatewhetherandwhereevacuationisnecessary--datatheysharewiththeirPacificneighbours.AsystemofsevendetectorsrunfromHawaiicostabout$18mtodevelopandtheexperiencegaineddoingsomeansasimilarsystemmightnowbehadforaslittleas$2m.SotothesoundofstabledoorsbeingboltedfirmlyshutpoliticiansinSouth-EastAsiaandAustraliaareproposingonefortheIndianOcean.Detectingtsunamisdirectlyratherthanrelyingonearthquakemonitorsisimportantforanotherreasontoo.Notalltsunamisarecausedbyearthquakes.Someoftheworstsuchasa15-metrehighmonsterthatkilledmorethan2000peopleinNewGuineain1998aretheresultofsubmarinelandslidesthoughthesecanthemselvesbetriggeredbyearthquakesaswasthecaseinNewGuinea.IndeedafewyearsagoitwassuggestedthatalandslideinanunstablepartofLaPalmaoneoftheCanaryIslandsmightcauseatsunamithatwoulddevastatetheeastcoastofAmerica.Evenifyouhaveaneffectivedetectionsystemthoughitisuselessifyoucannotevacuateathreatenedarea.Herespeedisoftheessence.Computermodelingcanhelpshowwhichareasarelikelytobesafestbutcommonsenseisoftenthebestguide--runlikethewindawayfromthesea.Evacuationwarningstooshouldbeeasytogiveaslongaspeopleareawake.Radiosareubiquitouseveninmostpoorplaces.Itisjustamatterofhavingsystemsinplacetotelltheradiostationstotellpeopletorun.Theproblemwasthatnoonedid. Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthat
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheCaliforniancoastlinenorthandsouthofSiliconValleyisatrend-settingsortofplace.Increasing]ythehomeinteriorsofthewell-heeledtheretendtowardoneoftwo1.Housesare2light-floodedsparseandvaguelyAsianin3withperhapsaZenfountaininonecorneraYogaareainanother.Ortheyresembleelectroniccontrolroomswithallsortsof4computersroutersantennaescreensandremotecontrols.Occasionallybothelementsare5"She"mayhavethelivingroomandpublicareas6"he"isbanishedwithhistoysupordownthestairs.Currentlythegadgetlovershavepowerfulallies.Manyofthelargestcompaniesintheconsumer-electronicscomputertelecomsandinternetindustrieshavemadeastrategicdecisionto7visionsofa"digitalhome""eHome"or"connectedhome".Doubtingthat8fromcorporatecustomerswillever9totheboomlevelsofthelate1990sMicrosoftIntelSonyVerizonComcastHewlett-PackardAppleandothersseetheconsumer10theirbestchanceforgrowthandwillbethrowingabewildering11ofhome"solutions"at12inthecomingmonthsandyears.Tounderstandwhatthe13ultimatelyhavein14itisbesttovisitthe15homesthatmosthavebuiltontheircampusesorattradeshows.16cosyandoftenintimidatingthesefeatureflatscreensalmosteverywhere17electronicpictureframesinthebedroomfromthelargeTV-substituteinthelivingroom.Every18hasamicrochipandcanbe19totypedintoorclickedonto.Everythingis20toacentralcomputerthroughwirelesslinks. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
Text4OnepertinentquestioninthewakeoftheearthquakenearAcehandthetsunamiitgeneratedishowmuchnoticeofanapproachingwavecanbegiventovulnerablepeoplewithouttheriskofcrying"wolf"toooften.Earthquakesthemselvesareunpredictableandlikelytoremainso.Butdetectingthemwhentheyhappenisaroutinetechnology.Thatwasnottheprobleminthiscasewhichwasobservedbymonitoringstationsallovertheworld.Unfortunatelyfortheforecastersalthoughanypowerfulsubmarineearthquakebringstheriskofadangeroustsunaminotallsuchearthquakesactuallyresultinabigwaveandfalsealarmscostmoneyandbreedcynicism.Ontopofthatmost"tsunamigenic"earthquakeswhicharecausedwhentheprocessesofplatetectonicsforceheavyoceaniccrustalrockbelowlightercontinentalrocktocreateadeeptrenchatthebottomoftheseaoccurinthePacificwhichisalmostsurroundedbysuchtrenches.IntheIndiaOceandeeptrenchesareconfinedtothesoutherncoastofIndonesiaandtsunamisarerare.Sincemostofthecountriesaffectedbythistsunamiarepoorormiddle-incomeatbestandmonitoringcostsmoneythismightsuggestthatafatalisticapproachtothequestionisreasonable.ButAmericanandJapaneseexperiencesuggeststhateffectivemonitoringneednotbethatexpensive.Thesetwocountrieshavenetworksofseabedpressure-detectorsthatcanmonitortsunamisandindicatewhetherandwhereevacuationisnecessary--datatheysharewiththeirPacificneighbours.AsystemofsevendetectorsrunfromHawaiicostabout$18mtodevelopandtheexperiencegaineddoingsomeansasimilarsystemmightnowbehadforaslittleas$2m.SotothesoundofstabledoorsbeingboltedfirmlyshutpoliticiansinSouth-EastAsiaandAustraliaareproposingonefortheIndianOcean.Detectingtsunamisdirectlyratherthanrelyingonearthquakemonitorsisimportantforanotherreasontoo.Notalltsunamisarecausedbyearthquakes.Someoftheworstsuchasa15-metrehighmonsterthatkilledmorethan2000peopleinNewGuineain1998aretheresultofsubmarinelandslidesthoughthesecanthemselvesbetriggeredbyearthquakesaswasthecaseinNewGuinea.IndeedafewyearsagoitwassuggestedthatalandslideinanunstablepartofLaPalmaoneoftheCanaryIslandsmightcauseatsunamithatwoulddevastatetheeastcoastofAmerica.Evenifyouhaveaneffectivedetectionsystemthoughitisuselessifyoucannotevacuateathreatenedarea.Herespeedisoftheessence.Computermodelingcanhelpshowwhichareasarelikelytobesafestbutcommonsenseisoftenthebestguide--runlikethewindawayfromthesea.Evacuationwarningstooshouldbeeasytogiveaslongaspeopleareawake.Radiosareubiquitouseveninmostpoorplaces.Itisjustamatterofhavingsystemsinplacetotelltheradiostationstotellpeopletorun.Theproblemwasthatnoonedid. NewGuineaismentionedinthetextsoastobetraythefactthat
PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutbeingabetterfriendfollowedbyalistofimportantways.ChoosethebestwayfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedsubheading41-45.Thereisoneextrawaywhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsBackwhenwewerekidsthehoursspentwithfriendsweretoonumeroustocount.Thereweremarathontelephoneconversationsall-nightstudyingandgigglingsessions.Evenafterboyfriendsenteredthepictureourbestfriendsremainedirreplaceable.Andtimewasthemeansbywhichwenurturedthosefriendships.Nowasadultwomenweneverseemtohaveenoughtimeforanything.Husbandskidscareersandavocations--allrequireattention;toooftenmakingtimeforourfriendscomeslastonthelistofpriorities.Andyetironicallyweneedourfriendsasmuchaseverinadulthood.Afriendshipnetworkisabsolutelycrucialforourwell-beingasadults.Wehavetodothehardworkofbuildingandsustainingthenetwork.Herearesomeimportantwaysforaccomplishingthis.Letgoofyourlesscentralfriendships.Manyofourfriendshipswerenevermeanttolastalifetime.It’snaturalthatsomefriendshipshavetimelimits.Furthermorenoweveryonehasabusysocialcalendarsopullbackfromsomepeoplethatyoudon’treallywanttodrawclosetoandgivethemostpromisingfriendshipafairchancetogrow.41Bewillingto"dropeverything"whenyou’retrulyneeded.Youmaygetacallfromafriendwhoisreallydepressedoveracertainproblemwhenyouarejustsittingdowntoenjoyaromanticdinnerwithyourhusband.Thisisjustoneofthoseinstanceswhenafriend’sneedsmatteredmore.42Takeadvantageofthemails.Nearlyallofushavepalslivingfaraway--friendswemissverymuch.Giventhelimitedtimeavailableforvisitsandthehighpriceofphonecallswritingisafinewaytokeepintouch--andmakesbothsenderandreceiverfeelgood.43Riskexpressingnegativefeelings.Whentimetogetheristoughtocomebyit’snaturaltowantthemoodduringthattimetobeupbeat.Andmanypeoplefearthatotherswillthinklessofyouifyouexpressthenegativefeelingslikeangerandhurt:44Don’tmakeyourfriends’problemsyourown.Sharingyourfriend’sgriefisthewayyoushowdeepfriendship.Neverunderestimatethevalueofloyalty.Loyaltyhasalwaysbeenratedasoneofthemostdesiredqualitiesinfriends.Trueloyaltycanbeafairlysubtlething.Somepeoplefeelitmeansthatnomatterwhatyourfriendwillalwaystakeyouside.Butrealloyaltyisbeingacceptingthepersonnotnecessarilyofcertainactionsyourfriendmighttake.45Givethegiftoftimeasoftenastimeallows.Timeiswhatwedon’thavenearlyenoughof--andyetarmedwithalittleingenuitywecanmakeittogiveittoourfriends.Thelastbutnottheleastthingtokeepafriendshipaliveistosaytoyourfriends"Imissyouandloveyou."Sayingthatattheendofaphoneconversationoravisitorwritingitonabirthdaycardcansustainyourfriendshipforthetimesyouaren’ttogether. [A]Buttakingonyourfriend’spaindoesn’tmakethatpaingoaway.There’sabigdifferencebetweenempathyorrecognizingafriend’spainandoveridentificationwhichmakesthesuffererfeelevenweaker--"ImustbeinworsepainthanIeventhoughtbecausethepersonI’mconfidinginissufferingsomuch!"Remembertroubledpeoplejustneedtheirfriendstostaygroundedintheirownfeelings. [B]Rememberhonestyisthekeytokeepingafriendshipreal.Sharingyourpainwillactuallydeepenafriendship. [C]Besidesletterscarolsandpostcardshavethevirtueofbeingtangible--friendscankeepthemandrereadthemforyearstocome. [D]Thetrickisrememberingthatalittleisbetterthannoneandthatyoucandotwothingsatonce.Forinstanceifyoubothgoforaweeklyaerobicsgoonthesameday.Ifyoubothwanttogoonvocationschedulethesamedestination. [E]Carefullisteningclearwritingclosereadingplainspeakingandaccuratedescription-willbeinvaluable.Intomorrow’sfast-pacedbusinessenvironmenttherewillbepreciouslittletimetocorrectanymisunderstandings.Communicationsbreakdownmaywellbecomeafatalcorporatedisease. [F]Sometimesbecauseofourunbreakablecommitmentsorothercircumstanceswesimplycan’tgiveaneedyfriendthetimewe’dlike.Ifyoucan’tbethereatthatgivenmomentsaysomethinglike"IwishIcouldbewithyou--Icanhearthatyou’reinpain.MayIcallyoutomorrow"Besureyourfriendknowsshe’scaredabout. 41
Text2ThoseEuropeanswhoaretemptedinthelightofthedismalscenesinNewOrleansthisfortnighttodowngradetheAmericanchallengeshouldmeditateononeworld:universities.FiveyearsagoinLisbonEuropeanofficialsproclaimedtheirintentiontobecometheworld’spremier"knowledgeeconomy"by2010.Thethinkingbehindthisgranddeclarationmadesenseofasort:Europe’sonlychanceofpreservingitslivingstandardsliesinworkingsmarterthanitscompetitorsratherthanharderorcheaper.ButEurope’sfailinghigher-educationsystemposesalethalthreattothisambition.Europecreatedthemodernuniversity.ScholarsweregatheringinParisandBolognabeforeAmericawasonthemap.OxfordandCambridgeinventedtheresidentialuniversity:theideaofacommunityofscholarslivingtogethertopursuehigherlearning.Germanycreatedtheresearchuniversity.AcenturyagoEuropeanuniversitieswereamagnetforscholarsandamodelforacademicadministratorstheworldover.ButasoursurveyofhighereducationexplainssincethesecondworldwarEuropehasprogressivelysurrendereditsleadinhighereducationtotheUnitedStates.Americaboasts17oftheworld’stop20universities.Americanuniversitiescurrentlyemploy70%oftheworld’sNobelprize-winners30%oftheworld’soutputofarticlesonscienceandengineeringand44%ofthemostfrequentlycitedarticles.NowonderdevelopingcountriesnowlooktoAmericaratherthanEuropeforamodelforhighereducation.WhyhaveEuropeanuniversitiesdeclinedsoprecipitouslyinrecentdecadesAndwhatcanbedonetorestorethemtotheirformerglory.’Theanswertothefirstquestionliesintheroleofthestate.Americanuniversitiesgettheirfundingfromavarietyofdifferentsourcesnotjustgovernmentbutalsophilanthropistsbusinessesandofcoursethestudentsthemselves.Europeanonesarelargelystate-funded.TheconstraintsonstatefundingmeanthatEuropeangovernmentsforceuniversitiesto"process"moreandmorestudentswithoutgivingthemthenecessarycash--andrespondtotheuniversities’complaintsbytryingtomicromanagethem.Inevitablyqualityhaseroded.YetastheAmericanmodelshowspeoplearepreparedtopayforgoodhighereducationbecausetheyknowtheywillbenefitfromit:that’swhyAmericaspendstwiceasmuchofitsGDPonhighereducationasEuropedoes.Theanswertothesecondquestionistosetuniversitiesfreefromthestate.Freeuniversitiestoruntheirinternalaffairs:howcanFrenchuniversitiesforexamplecompetefortalentwiththeirAmericanrivalswhenprofessorsarecivilservantsAndfreethemtochargefeesfortheirservices--includingmostimportantlystudentfees. Independencefromthestateistheprerequisitefor
Text2ThoseEuropeanswhoaretemptedinthelightofthedismalscenesinNewOrleansthisfortnighttodowngradetheAmericanchallengeshouldmeditateononeworld:universities.FiveyearsagoinLisbonEuropeanofficialsproclaimedtheirintentiontobecometheworld’spremier"knowledgeeconomy"by2010.Thethinkingbehindthisgranddeclarationmadesenseofasort:Europe’sonlychanceofpreservingitslivingstandardsliesinworkingsmarterthanitscompetitorsratherthanharderorcheaper.ButEurope’sfailinghigher-educationsystemposesalethalthreattothisambition.Europecreatedthemodernuniversity.ScholarsweregatheringinParisandBolognabeforeAmericawasonthemap.OxfordandCambridgeinventedtheresidentialuniversity:theideaofacommunityofscholarslivingtogethertopursuehigherlearning.Germanycreatedtheresearchuniversity.AcenturyagoEuropeanuniversitieswereamagnetforscholarsandamodelforacademicadministratorstheworldover.ButasoursurveyofhighereducationexplainssincethesecondworldwarEuropehasprogressivelysurrendereditsleadinhighereducationtotheUnitedStates.Americaboasts17oftheworld’stop20universities.Americanuniversitiescurrentlyemploy70%oftheworld’sNobelprize-winners30%oftheworld’soutputofarticlesonscienceandengineeringand44%ofthemostfrequentlycitedarticles.NowonderdevelopingcountriesnowlooktoAmericaratherthanEuropeforamodelforhighereducation.WhyhaveEuropeanuniversitiesdeclinedsoprecipitouslyinrecentdecadesAndwhatcanbedonetorestorethemtotheirformerglory.’Theanswertothefirstquestionliesintheroleofthestate.Americanuniversitiesgettheirfundingfromavarietyofdifferentsourcesnotjustgovernmentbutalsophilanthropistsbusinessesandofcoursethestudentsthemselves.Europeanonesarelargelystate-funded.TheconstraintsonstatefundingmeanthatEuropeangovernmentsforceuniversitiesto"process"moreandmorestudentswithoutgivingthemthenecessarycash--andrespondtotheuniversities’complaintsbytryingtomicromanagethem.Inevitablyqualityhaseroded.YetastheAmericanmodelshowspeoplearepreparedtopayforgoodhighereducationbecausetheyknowtheywillbenefitfromit:that’swhyAmericaspendstwiceasmuchofitsGDPonhighereducationasEuropedoes.Theanswertothesecondquestionistosetuniversitiesfreefromthestate.Freeuniversitiestoruntheirinternalaffairs:howcanFrenchuniversitiesforexamplecompetefortalentwiththeirAmericanrivalswhenprofessorsarecivilservantsAndfreethemtochargefeesfortheirservices--includingmostimportantlystudentfees. Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheCaliforniancoastlinenorthandsouthofSiliconValleyisatrend-settingsortofplace.Increasing]ythehomeinteriorsofthewell-heeledtheretendtowardoneoftwo1.Housesare2light-floodedsparseandvaguelyAsianin3withperhapsaZenfountaininonecorneraYogaareainanother.Ortheyresembleelectroniccontrolroomswithallsortsof4computersroutersantennaescreensandremotecontrols.Occasionallybothelementsare5"She"mayhavethelivingroomandpublicareas6"he"isbanishedwithhistoysupordownthestairs.Currentlythegadgetlovershavepowerfulallies.Manyofthelargestcompaniesintheconsumer-electronicscomputertelecomsandinternetindustrieshavemadeastrategicdecisionto7visionsofa"digitalhome""eHome"or"connectedhome".Doubtingthat8fromcorporatecustomerswillever9totheboomlevelsofthelate1990sMicrosoftIntelSonyVerizonComcastHewlett-PackardAppleandothersseetheconsumer10theirbestchanceforgrowthandwillbethrowingabewildering11ofhome"solutions"at12inthecomingmonthsandyears.Tounderstandwhatthe13ultimatelyhavein14itisbesttovisitthe15homesthatmosthavebuiltontheircampusesorattradeshows.16cosyandoftenintimidatingthesefeatureflatscreensalmosteverywhere17electronicpictureframesinthebedroomfromthelargeTV-substituteinthelivingroom.Every18hasamicrochipandcanbe19totypedintoorclickedonto.Everythingis20toacentralcomputerthroughwirelesslinks. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.3
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheCaliforniancoastlinenorthandsouthofSiliconValleyisatrend-settingsortofplace.Increasing]ythehomeinteriorsofthewell-heeledtheretendtowardoneoftwo1.Housesare2light-floodedsparseandvaguelyAsianin3withperhapsaZenfountaininonecorneraYogaareainanother.Ortheyresembleelectroniccontrolroomswithallsortsof4computersroutersantennaescreensandremotecontrols.Occasionallybothelementsare5"She"mayhavethelivingroomandpublicareas6"he"isbanishedwithhistoysupordownthestairs.Currentlythegadgetlovershavepowerfulallies.Manyofthelargestcompaniesintheconsumer-electronicscomputertelecomsandinternetindustrieshavemadeastrategicdecisionto7visionsofa"digitalhome""eHome"or"connectedhome".Doubtingthat8fromcorporatecustomerswillever9totheboomlevelsofthelate1990sMicrosoftIntelSonyVerizonComcastHewlett-PackardAppleandothersseetheconsumer10theirbestchanceforgrowthandwillbethrowingabewildering11ofhome"solutions"at12inthecomingmonthsandyears.Tounderstandwhatthe13ultimatelyhavein14itisbesttovisitthe15homesthatmosthavebuiltontheircampusesorattradeshows.16cosyandoftenintimidatingthesefeatureflatscreensalmosteverywhere17electronicpictureframesinthebedroomfromthelargeTV-substituteinthelivingroom.Every18hasamicrochipandcanbe19totypedintoorclickedonto.Everythingis20toacentralcomputerthroughwirelesslinks. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheCaliforniancoastlinenorthandsouthofSiliconValleyisatrend-settingsortofplace.Increasing]ythehomeinteriorsofthewell-heeledtheretendtowardoneoftwo1.Housesare2light-floodedsparseandvaguelyAsianin3withperhapsaZenfountaininonecorneraYogaareainanother.Ortheyresembleelectroniccontrolroomswithallsortsof4computersroutersantennaescreensandremotecontrols.Occasionallybothelementsare5"She"mayhavethelivingroomandpublicareas6"he"isbanishedwithhistoysupordownthestairs.Currentlythegadgetlovershavepowerfulallies.Manyofthelargestcompaniesintheconsumer-electronicscomputertelecomsandinternetindustrieshavemadeastrategicdecisionto7visionsofa"digitalhome""eHome"or"connectedhome".Doubtingthat8fromcorporatecustomerswillever9totheboomlevelsofthelate1990sMicrosoftIntelSonyVerizonComcastHewlett-PackardAppleandothersseetheconsumer10theirbestchanceforgrowthandwillbethrowingabewildering11ofhome"solutions"at12inthecomingmonthsandyears.Tounderstandwhatthe13ultimatelyhavein14itisbesttovisitthe15homesthatmosthavebuiltontheircampusesorattradeshows.16cosyandoftenintimidatingthesefeatureflatscreensalmosteverywhere17electronicpictureframesinthebedroomfromthelargeTV-substituteinthelivingroom.Every18hasamicrochipandcanbe19totypedintoorclickedonto.Everythingis20toacentralcomputerthroughwirelesslinks. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.9
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheCaliforniancoastlinenorthandsouthofSiliconValleyisatrend-settingsortofplace.Increasing]ythehomeinteriorsofthewell-heeledtheretendtowardoneoftwo1.Housesare2light-floodedsparseandvaguelyAsianin3withperhapsaZenfountaininonecorneraYogaareainanother.Ortheyresembleelectroniccontrolroomswithallsortsof4computersroutersantennaescreensandremotecontrols.Occasionallybothelementsare5"She"mayhavethelivingroomandpublicareas6"he"isbanishedwithhistoysupordownthestairs.Currentlythegadgetlovershavepowerfulallies.Manyofthelargestcompaniesintheconsumer-electronicscomputertelecomsandinternetindustrieshavemadeastrategicdecisionto7visionsofa"digitalhome""eHome"or"connectedhome".Doubtingthat8fromcorporatecustomerswillever9totheboomlevelsofthelate1990sMicrosoftIntelSonyVerizonComcastHewlett-PackardAppleandothersseetheconsumer10theirbestchanceforgrowthandwillbethrowingabewildering11ofhome"solutions"at12inthecomingmonthsandyears.Tounderstandwhatthe13ultimatelyhavein14itisbesttovisitthe15homesthatmosthavebuiltontheircampusesorattradeshows.16cosyandoftenintimidatingthesefeatureflatscreensalmosteverywhere17electronicpictureframesinthebedroomfromthelargeTV-substituteinthelivingroom.Every18hasamicrochipandcanbe19totypedintoorclickedonto.Everythingis20toacentralcomputerthroughwirelesslinks. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
Text3"Whenacustomerentersmystoreforgetme.Heisking"decreedJohnWanamakerwhoin1876turnedanabandonedrailwaydepotinPhiladelphiaintooneoftheworld’sfirstdepartmentstores.Thisrevolutionaryconceptchangedthefaceofretailingandledtothedevelopmentofadvertisingandmarketingasweknowittoday.Butcompellingasthatsloganwasintruththeshopperwascheatedofthecrown.Althoughmanufacturingefficiencyboostedthevarietyofgoodsandloweredpricesadvertisingprovidedmostinformationaboutproducts.Throughmuchofthepastcenturyadsspoketoacaptiveaudienceconfinedtojustafewradioortelevisionchannelsoralimitednumberofpublications.Nowmediachoicehasexplodedtooandconsumersselectwhattheywantfromafargreatervarietyofsources--especiallywithafewclicksofacomputermouse.Thankstotheinternettheconsumerisfinallyseizingpower.Asoursurveyinthisissueshowsconsumerpowerhasprofoundimplicationsforcompaniesbecauseitischangingthewaytheworldshops.Manyfirmsalreadyclaimtobe"customer-driven"or"consumer-centric".Nowtheirclaimswillbetestedasneverbefore.Tradingonshoppers’ignorancewillnolongerbepossible:peoplewillknow--andsoontellotherseventhosewithouttheinternet--thatpricesinthenexttownarecheaperorthatcertaingoodsareinferior.Theinternetisworkingwondersinraisingstandards.Goodandhonestfirmsshouldbenefitmost.Butitisalsointensifyingcompetition.Todaywindowshoppingtakesplaceonline.Peoplecancompareproductspricesandreputations.Theycanreadwhatcompaniessayaboutproductsinfargreaterdetailbutalsohowthattallieswiththeopinionsofothersand--mostimportantlyofall--discoverwhatpreviousbuyershavetosay.Newsgroupsandwebsitesconstantlyreviewproductsandservices.Thisischangingthenatureofconsumerdecision.Untilrecentlyconsumersusuallylearnedaboutaproductandmadetheirchoiceatthesametime.Peoplewouldoftenvisitadepartmentstoreordealershiptoseekadvicefromasalesmanlookathisrecommendationsandthenbuy.Nowformanyeachofthesestepsisseparate.ForinstanceFordisfindingthateightoutoftenofitscustomershavealreadyusedtheinternettodecidewhatcartheywanttobuy--andwhattheyarewillingtopay--evenbeforetheyarriveatashowroom. Theshiftinthenatureofconsumerdecisionisrevealedinthefactthat
公法是以民法和商法为中心的
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheCaliforniancoastlinenorthandsouthofSiliconValleyisatrend-settingsortofplace.Increasing]ythehomeinteriorsofthewell-heeledtheretendtowardoneoftwo1.Housesare2light-floodedsparseandvaguelyAsianin3withperhapsaZenfountaininonecorneraYogaareainanother.Ortheyresembleelectroniccontrolroomswithallsortsof4computersroutersantennaescreensandremotecontrols.Occasionallybothelementsare5"She"mayhavethelivingroomandpublicareas6"he"isbanishedwithhistoysupordownthestairs.Currentlythegadgetlovershavepowerfulallies.Manyofthelargestcompaniesintheconsumer-electronicscomputertelecomsandinternetindustrieshavemadeastrategicdecisionto7visionsofa"digitalhome""eHome"or"connectedhome".Doubtingthat8fromcorporatecustomerswillever9totheboomlevelsofthelate1990sMicrosoftIntelSonyVerizonComcastHewlett-PackardAppleandothersseetheconsumer10theirbestchanceforgrowthandwillbethrowingabewildering11ofhome"solutions"at12inthecomingmonthsandyears.Tounderstandwhatthe13ultimatelyhavein14itisbesttovisitthe15homesthatmosthavebuiltontheircampusesorattradeshows.16cosyandoftenintimidatingthesefeatureflatscreensalmosteverywhere17electronicpictureframesinthebedroomfromthelargeTV-substituteinthelivingroom.Every18hasamicrochipandcanbe19totypedintoorclickedonto.Everythingis20toacentralcomputerthroughwirelesslinks. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10pointsInthespanof18monthsIsaacNewtoninventedcalculusconstructedatheoryofopticsexplainedhowgravityworksanddiscoveredhislawsofmotion.Asaresult1665andtheearlymonthsof1666aretermedhisannusmirabilis.46Itwasasustainedsprintofintellectualachievementthatnoonethoughtcouldeverbeequaled.Butinaspanofafewyearsjustbefore1900itallbegantounravel.Onephenomenonafteranotherwasdiscoveredwhichcouldnotbeexplainedbythelawsofclassicalphysics.47ThetheoriesofNewtonandofJamesClerkMaxwellwhofollowedhiminthemid19thcenturybycraftingamorecomprehensiveaccountofelectromagnetismwereintrouble.Thenin1905ayoungpatentclerknamedAlbertEinsteinfoundthewayforward.Infiveremarkablepapersheshowedthatatomsarerealitwasstillcontroversialatthetimepresentedhisspecialtheoryofrelativityandputquantumtheoryonitsfeet.ItwasadifferentachievementfromNewton’syearbutEinstein’sannusmirabiliswasnolessremarkable.HedidnotlikeNewtonhavetoinvententirelynewformsofmathematics.Howeverhehadtorevisenotionsofspaceandtimefundamentally.48AndunlikeNewtonwhodidnotpublishhisresultsfornearly20yearssoobsessedwashewithsecrecyandworkingoutthedetailsEinsteinreleasedhispapersoneafteranotherasafusilladeofideas.ForEinsteinitwasjustabeginning--hewouldgoontocreatethegeneraltheoryofrelativityandtopioneerquantummechanics.WhileNewtoncameupwithonesystemforexplainingtheworldEinsteinthuscameupwithtwo.Unfortunatelyhisdiscoveries--relativityandquantumtheory--contradictoneanother.Bothcannotbetrueeverywherealthoughbothareremarkablyaccurateintheirrespectivedomainsoftheverylargeandtheverysmall.Einsteinwouldspendthelastyearsofhislifeattemptingtoreconcilethetwotheoriesandfailing.49ButthennooneelsehassucceededinfixingtheproblemseitherandEinsteinwasperhapstheonewhosawthemmostclearly.WhenEinsteinwasawardedaNobelprizein1921itwasforthefirstofhispapersof1905whichprovedtheexistenceofphotons--particlesoflight.50UpuntilthatpapercompletedonMarch17thandpublishedinAnnalenderPhysikasweretheother1905paperslighthadbeensupposedtobeawavesincethisexplainstheinterferencepatternscreatedwhenitpassesthroughagrating.Einsteinhoweverbeganfromadifferentpremisebyconsideringtheso-called"black-bodyexperiment". ButthennooneelsehassucceededinfixingtheproblemseitherandEinsteinwasperhapstheonewhosawthemmostclearly
Text3"Whenacustomerentersmystoreforgetme.Heisking"decreedJohnWanamakerwhoin1876turnedanabandonedrailwaydepotinPhiladelphiaintooneoftheworld’sfirstdepartmentstores.Thisrevolutionaryconceptchangedthefaceofretailingandledtothedevelopmentofadvertisingandmarketingasweknowittoday.Butcompellingasthatsloganwasintruththeshopperwascheatedofthecrown.Althoughmanufacturingefficiencyboostedthevarietyofgoodsandloweredpricesadvertisingprovidedmostinformationaboutproducts.Throughmuchofthepastcenturyadsspoketoacaptiveaudienceconfinedtojustafewradioortelevisionchannelsoralimitednumberofpublications.Nowmediachoicehasexplodedtooandconsumersselectwhattheywantfromafargreatervarietyofsources--especiallywithafewclicksofacomputermouse.Thankstotheinternettheconsumerisfinallyseizingpower.Asoursurveyinthisissueshowsconsumerpowerhasprofoundimplicationsforcompaniesbecauseitischangingthewaytheworldshops.Manyfirmsalreadyclaimtobe"customer-driven"or"consumer-centric".Nowtheirclaimswillbetestedasneverbefore.Tradingonshoppers’ignorancewillnolongerbepossible:peoplewillknow--andsoontellotherseventhosewithouttheinternet--thatpricesinthenexttownarecheaperorthatcertaingoodsareinferior.Theinternetisworkingwondersinraisingstandards.Goodandhonestfirmsshouldbenefitmost.Butitisalsointensifyingcompetition.Todaywindowshoppingtakesplaceonline.Peoplecancompareproductspricesandreputations.Theycanreadwhatcompaniessayaboutproductsinfargreaterdetailbutalsohowthattallieswiththeopinionsofothersand--mostimportantlyofall--discoverwhatpreviousbuyershavetosay.Newsgroupsandwebsitesconstantlyreviewproductsandservices.Thisischangingthenatureofconsumerdecision.Untilrecentlyconsumersusuallylearnedaboutaproductandmadetheirchoiceatthesametime.Peoplewouldoftenvisitadepartmentstoreordealershiptoseekadvicefromasalesmanlookathisrecommendationsandthenbuy.Nowformanyeachofthesestepsisseparate.ForinstanceFordisfindingthateightoutoftenofitscustomershavealreadyusedtheinternettodecidewhatcartheywanttobuy--andwhattheyarewillingtopay--evenbeforetheyarriveatashowroom. Whatisthetextmainlyabout
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheCaliforniancoastlinenorthandsouthofSiliconValleyisatrend-settingsortofplace.Increasing]ythehomeinteriorsofthewell-heeledtheretendtowardoneoftwo1.Housesare2light-floodedsparseandvaguelyAsianin3withperhapsaZenfountaininonecorneraYogaareainanother.Ortheyresembleelectroniccontrolroomswithallsortsof4computersroutersantennaescreensandremotecontrols.Occasionallybothelementsare5"She"mayhavethelivingroomandpublicareas6"he"isbanishedwithhistoysupordownthestairs.Currentlythegadgetlovershavepowerfulallies.Manyofthelargestcompaniesintheconsumer-electronicscomputertelecomsandinternetindustrieshavemadeastrategicdecisionto7visionsofa"digitalhome""eHome"or"connectedhome".Doubtingthat8fromcorporatecustomerswillever9totheboomlevelsofthelate1990sMicrosoftIntelSonyVerizonComcastHewlett-PackardAppleandothersseetheconsumer10theirbestchanceforgrowthandwillbethrowingabewildering11ofhome"solutions"at12inthecomingmonthsandyears.Tounderstandwhatthe13ultimatelyhavein14itisbesttovisitthe15homesthatmosthavebuiltontheircampusesorattradeshows.16cosyandoftenintimidatingthesefeatureflatscreensalmosteverywhere17electronicpictureframesinthebedroomfromthelargeTV-substituteinthelivingroom.Every18hasamicrochipandcanbe19totypedintoorclickedonto.Everythingis20toacentralcomputerthroughwirelesslinks. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.5
在我国诉讼程序法包括
划分部门法的标准是什么
PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutbeingabetterfriendfollowedbyalistofimportantways.ChoosethebestwayfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedsubheading41-45.Thereisoneextrawaywhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsBackwhenwewerekidsthehoursspentwithfriendsweretoonumeroustocount.Thereweremarathontelephoneconversationsall-nightstudyingandgigglingsessions.Evenafterboyfriendsenteredthepictureourbestfriendsremainedirreplaceable.Andtimewasthemeansbywhichwenurturedthosefriendships.Nowasadultwomenweneverseemtohaveenoughtimeforanything.Husbandskidscareersandavocations--allrequireattention;toooftenmakingtimeforourfriendscomeslastonthelistofpriorities.Andyetironicallyweneedourfriendsasmuchaseverinadulthood.Afriendshipnetworkisabsolutelycrucialforourwell-beingasadults.Wehavetodothehardworkofbuildingandsustainingthenetwork.Herearesomeimportantwaysforaccomplishingthis.Letgoofyourlesscentralfriendships.Manyofourfriendshipswerenevermeanttolastalifetime.It’snaturalthatsomefriendshipshavetimelimits.Furthermorenoweveryonehasabusysocialcalendarsopullbackfromsomepeoplethatyoudon’treallywanttodrawclosetoandgivethemostpromisingfriendshipafairchancetogrow.41Bewillingto"dropeverything"whenyou’retrulyneeded.Youmaygetacallfromafriendwhoisreallydepressedoveracertainproblemwhenyouarejustsittingdowntoenjoyaromanticdinnerwithyourhusband.Thisisjustoneofthoseinstanceswhenafriend’sneedsmatteredmore.42Takeadvantageofthemails.Nearlyallofushavepalslivingfaraway--friendswemissverymuch.Giventhelimitedtimeavailableforvisitsandthehighpriceofphonecallswritingisafinewaytokeepintouch--andmakesbothsenderandreceiverfeelgood.43Riskexpressingnegativefeelings.Whentimetogetheristoughtocomebyit’snaturaltowantthemoodduringthattimetobeupbeat.Andmanypeoplefearthatotherswillthinklessofyouifyouexpressthenegativefeelingslikeangerandhurt:44Don’tmakeyourfriends’problemsyourown.Sharingyourfriend’sgriefisthewayyoushowdeepfriendship.Neverunderestimatethevalueofloyalty.Loyaltyhasalwaysbeenratedasoneofthemostdesiredqualitiesinfriends.Trueloyaltycanbeafairlysubtlething.Somepeoplefeelitmeansthatnomatterwhatyourfriendwillalwaystakeyouside.Butrealloyaltyisbeingacceptingthepersonnotnecessarilyofcertainactionsyourfriendmighttake.45Givethegiftoftimeasoftenastimeallows.Timeiswhatwedon’thavenearlyenoughof--andyetarmedwithalittleingenuitywecanmakeittogiveittoourfriends.Thelastbutnottheleastthingtokeepafriendshipaliveistosaytoyourfriends"Imissyouandloveyou."Sayingthatattheendofaphoneconversationoravisitorwritingitonabirthdaycardcansustainyourfriendshipforthetimesyouaren’ttogether. [A]Buttakingonyourfriend’spaindoesn’tmakethatpaingoaway.There’sabigdifferencebetweenempathyorrecognizingafriend’spainandoveridentificationwhichmakesthesuffererfeelevenweaker--"ImustbeinworsepainthanIeventhoughtbecausethepersonI’mconfidinginissufferingsomuch!"Remembertroubledpeoplejustneedtheirfriendstostaygroundedintheirownfeelings. [B]Rememberhonestyisthekeytokeepingafriendshipreal.Sharingyourpainwillactuallydeepenafriendship. [C]Besidesletterscarolsandpostcardshavethevirtueofbeingtangible--friendscankeepthemandrereadthemforyearstocome. [D]Thetrickisrememberingthatalittleisbetterthannoneandthatyoucandotwothingsatonce.Forinstanceifyoubothgoforaweeklyaerobicsgoonthesameday.Ifyoubothwanttogoonvocationschedulethesamedestination. [E]Carefullisteningclearwritingclosereadingplainspeakingandaccuratedescription-willbeinvaluable.Intomorrow’sfast-pacedbusinessenvironmenttherewillbepreciouslittletimetocorrectanymisunderstandings.Communicationsbreakdownmaywellbecomeafatalcorporatedisease. [F]Sometimesbecauseofourunbreakablecommitmentsorothercircumstanceswesimplycan’tgiveaneedyfriendthetimewe’dlike.Ifyoucan’tbethereatthatgivenmomentsaysomethinglike"IwishIcouldbewithyou--Icanhearthatyou’reinpain.MayIcallyoutomorrow"Besureyourfriendknowsshe’scaredabout. 45
法律的调整对象是我国法律部门划分的主要标准
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheCaliforniancoastlinenorthandsouthofSiliconValleyisatrend-settingsortofplace.Increasing]ythehomeinteriorsofthewell-heeledtheretendtowardoneoftwo1.Housesare2light-floodedsparseandvaguelyAsianin3withperhapsaZenfountaininonecorneraYogaareainanother.Ortheyresembleelectroniccontrolroomswithallsortsof4computersroutersantennaescreensandremotecontrols.Occasionallybothelementsare5"She"mayhavethelivingroomandpublicareas6"he"isbanishedwithhistoysupordownthestairs.Currentlythegadgetlovershavepowerfulallies.Manyofthelargestcompaniesintheconsumer-electronicscomputertelecomsandinternetindustrieshavemadeastrategicdecisionto7visionsofa"digitalhome""eHome"or"connectedhome".Doubtingthat8fromcorporatecustomerswillever9totheboomlevelsofthelate1990sMicrosoftIntelSonyVerizonComcastHewlett-PackardAppleandothersseetheconsumer10theirbestchanceforgrowthandwillbethrowingabewildering11ofhome"solutions"at12inthecomingmonthsandyears.Tounderstandwhatthe13ultimatelyhavein14itisbesttovisitthe15homesthatmosthavebuiltontheircampusesorattradeshows.16cosyandoftenintimidatingthesefeatureflatscreensalmosteverywhere17electronicpictureframesinthebedroomfromthelargeTV-substituteinthelivingroom.Every18hasamicrochipandcanbe19totypedintoorclickedonto.Everythingis20toacentralcomputerthroughwirelesslinks. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
下列选项中属于诉讼法部门的有
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheCaliforniancoastlinenorthandsouthofSiliconValleyisatrend-settingsortofplace.Increasing]ythehomeinteriorsofthewell-heeledtheretendtowardoneoftwo1.Housesare2light-floodedsparseandvaguelyAsianin3withperhapsaZenfountaininonecorneraYogaareainanother.Ortheyresembleelectroniccontrolroomswithallsortsof4computersroutersantennaescreensandremotecontrols.Occasionallybothelementsare5"She"mayhavethelivingroomandpublicareas6"he"isbanishedwithhistoysupordownthestairs.Currentlythegadgetlovershavepowerfulallies.Manyofthelargestcompaniesintheconsumer-electronicscomputertelecomsandinternetindustrieshavemadeastrategicdecisionto7visionsofa"digitalhome""eHome"or"connectedhome".Doubtingthat8fromcorporatecustomerswillever9totheboomlevelsofthelate1990sMicrosoftIntelSonyVerizonComcastHewlett-PackardAppleandothersseetheconsumer10theirbestchanceforgrowthandwillbethrowingabewildering11ofhome"solutions"at12inthecomingmonthsandyears.Tounderstandwhatthe13ultimatelyhavein14itisbesttovisitthe15homesthatmosthavebuiltontheircampusesorattradeshows.16cosyandoftenintimidatingthesefeatureflatscreensalmosteverywhere17electronicpictureframesinthebedroomfromthelargeTV-substituteinthelivingroom.Every18hasamicrochipandcanbe19totypedintoorclickedonto.Everythingis20toacentralcomputerthroughwirelesslinks. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.1
PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutbeingabetterfriendfollowedbyalistofimportantways.ChoosethebestwayfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedsubheading41-45.Thereisoneextrawaywhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsBackwhenwewerekidsthehoursspentwithfriendsweretoonumeroustocount.Thereweremarathontelephoneconversationsall-nightstudyingandgigglingsessions.Evenafterboyfriendsenteredthepictureourbestfriendsremainedirreplaceable.Andtimewasthemeansbywhichwenurturedthosefriendships.Nowasadultwomenweneverseemtohaveenoughtimeforanything.Husbandskidscareersandavocations--allrequireattention;toooftenmakingtimeforourfriendscomeslastonthelistofpriorities.Andyetironicallyweneedourfriendsasmuchaseverinadulthood.Afriendshipnetworkisabsolutelycrucialforourwell-beingasadults.Wehavetodothehardworkofbuildingandsustainingthenetwork.Herearesomeimportantwaysforaccomplishingthis.Letgoofyourlesscentralfriendships.Manyofourfriendshipswerenevermeanttolastalifetime.It’snaturalthatsomefriendshipshavetimelimits.Furthermorenoweveryonehasabusysocialcalendarsopullbackfromsomepeoplethatyoudon’treallywanttodrawclosetoandgivethemostpromisingfriendshipafairchancetogrow.41Bewillingto"dropeverything"whenyou’retrulyneeded.Youmaygetacallfromafriendwhoisreallydepressedoveracertainproblemwhenyouarejustsittingdowntoenjoyaromanticdinnerwithyourhusband.Thisisjustoneofthoseinstanceswhenafriend’sneedsmatteredmore.42Takeadvantageofthemails.Nearlyallofushavepalslivingfaraway--friendswemissverymuch.Giventhelimitedtimeavailableforvisitsandthehighpriceofphonecallswritingisafinewaytokeepintouch--andmakesbothsenderandreceiverfeelgood.43Riskexpressingnegativefeelings.Whentimetogetheristoughtocomebyit’snaturaltowantthemoodduringthattimetobeupbeat.Andmanypeoplefearthatotherswillthinklessofyouifyouexpressthenegativefeelingslikeangerandhurt:44Don’tmakeyourfriends’problemsyourown.Sharingyourfriend’sgriefisthewayyoushowdeepfriendship.Neverunderestimatethevalueofloyalty.Loyaltyhasalwaysbeenratedasoneofthemostdesiredqualitiesinfriends.Trueloyaltycanbeafairlysubtlething.Somepeoplefeelitmeansthatnomatterwhatyourfriendwillalwaystakeyouside.Butrealloyaltyisbeingacceptingthepersonnotnecessarilyofcertainactionsyourfriendmighttake.45Givethegiftoftimeasoftenastimeallows.Timeiswhatwedon’thavenearlyenoughof--andyetarmedwithalittleingenuitywecanmakeittogiveittoourfriends.Thelastbutnottheleastthingtokeepafriendshipaliveistosaytoyourfriends"Imissyouandloveyou."Sayingthatattheendofaphoneconversationoravisitorwritingitonabirthdaycardcansustainyourfriendshipforthetimesyouaren’ttogether. [A]Buttakingonyourfriend’spaindoesn’tmakethatpaingoaway.There’sabigdifferencebetweenempathyorrecognizingafriend’spainandoveridentificationwhichmakesthesuffererfeelevenweaker--"ImustbeinworsepainthanIeventhoughtbecausethepersonI’mconfidinginissufferingsomuch!"Remembertroubledpeoplejustneedtheirfriendstostaygroundedintheirownfeelings. [B]Rememberhonestyisthekeytokeepingafriendshipreal.Sharingyourpainwillactuallydeepenafriendship. [C]Besidesletterscarolsandpostcardshavethevirtueofbeingtangible--friendscankeepthemandrereadthemforyearstocome. [D]Thetrickisrememberingthatalittleisbetterthannoneandthatyoucandotwothingsatonce.Forinstanceifyoubothgoforaweeklyaerobicsgoonthesameday.Ifyoubothwanttogoonvocationschedulethesamedestination. [E]Carefullisteningclearwritingclosereadingplainspeakingandaccuratedescription-willbeinvaluable.Intomorrow’sfast-pacedbusinessenvironmenttherewillbepreciouslittletimetocorrectanymisunderstandings.Communicationsbreakdownmaywellbecomeafatalcorporatedisease. [F]Sometimesbecauseofourunbreakablecommitmentsorothercircumstanceswesimplycan’tgiveaneedyfriendthetimewe’dlike.Ifyoucan’tbethereatthatgivenmomentsaysomethinglike"IwishIcouldbewithyou--Icanhearthatyou’reinpain.MayIcallyoutomorrow"Besureyourfriendknowsshe’scaredabout. 43
Text3"Whenacustomerentersmystoreforgetme.Heisking"decreedJohnWanamakerwhoin1876turnedanabandonedrailwaydepotinPhiladelphiaintooneoftheworld’sfirstdepartmentstores.Thisrevolutionaryconceptchangedthefaceofretailingandledtothedevelopmentofadvertisingandmarketingasweknowittoday.Butcompellingasthatsloganwasintruththeshopperwascheatedofthecrown.Althoughmanufacturingefficiencyboostedthevarietyofgoodsandloweredpricesadvertisingprovidedmostinformationaboutproducts.Throughmuchofthepastcenturyadsspoketoacaptiveaudienceconfinedtojustafewradioortelevisionchannelsoralimitednumberofpublications.Nowmediachoicehasexplodedtooandconsumersselectwhattheywantfromafargreatervarietyofsources--especiallywithafewclicksofacomputermouse.Thankstotheinternettheconsumerisfinallyseizingpower.Asoursurveyinthisissueshowsconsumerpowerhasprofoundimplicationsforcompaniesbecauseitischangingthewaytheworldshops.Manyfirmsalreadyclaimtobe"customer-driven"or"consumer-centric".Nowtheirclaimswillbetestedasneverbefore.Tradingonshoppers’ignorancewillnolongerbepossible:peoplewillknow--andsoontellotherseventhosewithouttheinternet--thatpricesinthenexttownarecheaperorthatcertaingoodsareinferior.Theinternetisworkingwondersinraisingstandards.Goodandhonestfirmsshouldbenefitmost.Butitisalsointensifyingcompetition.Todaywindowshoppingtakesplaceonline.Peoplecancompareproductspricesandreputations.Theycanreadwhatcompaniessayaboutproductsinfargreaterdetailbutalsohowthattallieswiththeopinionsofothersand--mostimportantlyofall--discoverwhatpreviousbuyershavetosay.Newsgroupsandwebsitesconstantlyreviewproductsandservices.Thisischangingthenatureofconsumerdecision.Untilrecentlyconsumersusuallylearnedaboutaproductandmadetheirchoiceatthesametime.Peoplewouldoftenvisitadepartmentstoreordealershiptoseekadvicefromasalesmanlookathisrecommendationsandthenbuy.Nowformanyeachofthesestepsisseparate.ForinstanceFordisfindingthateightoutoftenofitscustomershavealreadyusedtheinternettodecidewhatcartheywanttobuy--andwhattheyarewillingtopay--evenbeforetheyarriveatashowroom. Itisimpliedinthethirdparagraphthat
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40pointsText1KofiAnnanthesecretary-generaloftheUnitedNationssaidhewantednextweek’ssummitof170-plusheadsofstateandgovernmentinNewYorktobeanother"SanFranciscomoment"--achancetorecapturethespiritofrenewalandoptimismthataccompaniedthebirthoftheUnitedNationsinCalifornia60yearsago.Heisnotlikelytogethisway.AftermorethanayearofinvestigationPaulVolckeraformerheadofAmerica’sFederalReservechosethisofallweekstopublishhisreportonwhatwentwrongwiththeUN’soil-for-foodprogrammeinIraq.Itdoesnotmakeprettyreading.TheprogrammeachieveditsbasicaimwhichwastoallowanIraqundersanctionstosellsomeoilsothatsomeofthebasicfoodandmedicalneedsofitspeoplecouldstillbemet.ButMrVolcker’steamconfirmsthattheprogrammewasriddledwithwasteinefficiencyandcorruptionincludingamongUNstaffatheadquartersaswellasinthefield.AsaresultSaddamHussein’sregimesucceededinsqueezingatotalillicitincomeofsome$10billionfromtheschemeabout$8billionfromsmugglingandtherestfromsurchargesandkickbacks.EversincetheSecurityCouncilfailedtoendorsethewaragainstIraqMrAnnan’scriticshavebeencallingforhimtoresignorbesackedforhispartintheoil-for-foodprogramme.Theyhavehadtwoarguments.Oneisthatheishimselfguiltyofmalfeasance.Theotheristhatevenifheisn’thewasthemanatthetopandshouldthereforetaketheblameforascandalthatunfoldedonhiswatch.OnbothcountsacasecanbemadethattheVolckerreportoffershimanescape.OnthefirstcountMrVolckerhasfoundnoevidenceatallthatthesecretary-generalhimselfdidanythingcorrupteventhoughseveralpeopleclosetohimplainlydid.OnthesecondthereportdoesnotsaywhetherMrAnnanshouldgoforhavingpresidedoversuchchaosandvenality.Itdoessaythatcorruptiondownthelinereflectedtheabsenceof"astrongorganizationalethic"thatshouldhavepermeatedtheleadership.ButitalsoarguesthatMrAnnanwasnotresponsibleforeverythingthatwentwrong.ThoughnominallytheUN’sadministrativebossneitherhenorhispredecessorswerechosenformanagerialskillsorprovidedwiththetools--suchastheabilitytohireandfirewithoutpoliticalinterference--tobeeffectivemanagers.Inthecaseofoil-for-foodtheSecurityCounciltriedtokeepcontrolthroughasanctionscommitteeofnationaldiplomats.HavingneithertheSecurityCouncilnorthesecretariatinclearcommandwasarecipefor"theevasionofresponsibilityatalllevels".IftheUNwereacompanywhosebosshadmadeahashofthingsTheEconomistwouldcallforthetopman’shead.Removingabossisagoodwayforshareholderstoshowthattheywantchange.ButsincetheUNisnotafirmsackingMrAnnanovertheoil-for-foodprogrammewouldsendthewrongsignal:thatitishispersonandnot--astheVolckerreportstresses--thestructureoftheorganizationthatisattherootoftheproblem.AndbecausetheUNisapoliticalorganizationoustingMrAnnanwouldsendapoliticalsignaltoo.ItwouldbereadbymanyUNmembersasapunishmentinflictedontheUNbyAmerica’smorestridentRepublicansasrevengefortheSecurityCouncil’sfailuretosupporttheBritishandAmericaninvasionofIraqin2003. Itcanbeinferredinthelastparagraphthat
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10pointsInthespanof18monthsIsaacNewtoninventedcalculusconstructedatheoryofopticsexplainedhowgravityworksanddiscoveredhislawsofmotion.Asaresult1665andtheearlymonthsof1666aretermedhisannusmirabilis.46Itwasasustainedsprintofintellectualachievementthatnoonethoughtcouldeverbeequaled.Butinaspanofafewyearsjustbefore1900itallbegantounravel.Onephenomenonafteranotherwasdiscoveredwhichcouldnotbeexplainedbythelawsofclassicalphysics.47ThetheoriesofNewtonandofJamesClerkMaxwellwhofollowedhiminthemid19thcenturybycraftingamorecomprehensiveaccountofelectromagnetismwereintrouble.Thenin1905ayoungpatentclerknamedAlbertEinsteinfoundthewayforward.Infiveremarkablepapersheshowedthatatomsarerealitwasstillcontroversialatthetimepresentedhisspecialtheoryofrelativityandputquantumtheoryonitsfeet.ItwasadifferentachievementfromNewton’syearbutEinstein’sannusmirabiliswasnolessremarkable.HedidnotlikeNewtonhavetoinvententirelynewformsofmathematics.Howeverhehadtorevisenotionsofspaceandtimefundamentally.48AndunlikeNewtonwhodidnotpublishhisresultsfornearly20yearssoobsessedwashewithsecrecyandworkingoutthedetailsEinsteinreleasedhispapersoneafteranotherasafusilladeofideas.ForEinsteinitwasjustabeginning--hewouldgoontocreatethegeneraltheoryofrelativityandtopioneerquantummechanics.WhileNewtoncameupwithonesystemforexplainingtheworldEinsteinthuscameupwithtwo.Unfortunatelyhisdiscoveries--relativityandquantumtheory--contradictoneanother.Bothcannotbetrueeverywherealthoughbothareremarkablyaccurateintheirrespectivedomainsoftheverylargeandtheverysmall.Einsteinwouldspendthelastyearsofhislifeattemptingtoreconcilethetwotheoriesandfailing.49ButthennooneelsehassucceededinfixingtheproblemseitherandEinsteinwasperhapstheonewhosawthemmostclearly.WhenEinsteinwasawardedaNobelprizein1921itwasforthefirstofhispapersof1905whichprovedtheexistenceofphotons--particlesoflight.50UpuntilthatpapercompletedonMarch17thandpublishedinAnnalenderPhysikasweretheother1905paperslighthadbeensupposedtobeawavesincethisexplainstheinterferencepatternscreatedwhenitpassesthroughagrating.Einsteinhoweverbeganfromadifferentpremisebyconsideringtheso-called"black-bodyexperiment". ThetheoriesofNewtonandofJamesClerkMaxwellwhofollowedhiminthemid19thcenturybycraftingamorecomprehensiveaccountofelectromagnetismwereintrouble
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheCaliforniancoastlinenorthandsouthofSiliconValleyisatrend-settingsortofplace.Increasing]ythehomeinteriorsofthewell-heeledtheretendtowardoneoftwo1.Housesare2light-floodedsparseandvaguelyAsianin3withperhapsaZenfountaininonecorneraYogaareainanother.Ortheyresembleelectroniccontrolroomswithallsortsof4computersroutersantennaescreensandremotecontrols.Occasionallybothelementsare5"She"mayhavethelivingroomandpublicareas6"he"isbanishedwithhistoysupordownthestairs.Currentlythegadgetlovershavepowerfulallies.Manyofthelargestcompaniesintheconsumer-electronicscomputertelecomsandinternetindustrieshavemadeastrategicdecisionto7visionsofa"digitalhome""eHome"or"connectedhome".Doubtingthat8fromcorporatecustomerswillever9totheboomlevelsofthelate1990sMicrosoftIntelSonyVerizonComcastHewlett-PackardAppleandothersseetheconsumer10theirbestchanceforgrowthandwillbethrowingabewildering11ofhome"solutions"at12inthecomingmonthsandyears.Tounderstandwhatthe13ultimatelyhavein14itisbesttovisitthe15homesthatmosthavebuiltontheircampusesorattradeshows.16cosyandoftenintimidatingthesefeatureflatscreensalmosteverywhere17electronicpictureframesinthebedroomfromthelargeTV-substituteinthelivingroom.Every18hasamicrochipandcanbe19totypedintoorclickedonto.Everythingis20toacentralcomputerthroughwirelesslinks. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40pointsText1KofiAnnanthesecretary-generaloftheUnitedNationssaidhewantednextweek’ssummitof170-plusheadsofstateandgovernmentinNewYorktobeanother"SanFranciscomoment"--achancetorecapturethespiritofrenewalandoptimismthataccompaniedthebirthoftheUnitedNationsinCalifornia60yearsago.Heisnotlikelytogethisway.AftermorethanayearofinvestigationPaulVolckeraformerheadofAmerica’sFederalReservechosethisofallweekstopublishhisreportonwhatwentwrongwiththeUN’soil-for-foodprogrammeinIraq.Itdoesnotmakeprettyreading.TheprogrammeachieveditsbasicaimwhichwastoallowanIraqundersanctionstosellsomeoilsothatsomeofthebasicfoodandmedicalneedsofitspeoplecouldstillbemet.ButMrVolcker’steamconfirmsthattheprogrammewasriddledwithwasteinefficiencyandcorruptionincludingamongUNstaffatheadquartersaswellasinthefield.AsaresultSaddamHussein’sregimesucceededinsqueezingatotalillicitincomeofsome$10billionfromtheschemeabout$8billionfromsmugglingandtherestfromsurchargesandkickbacks.EversincetheSecurityCouncilfailedtoendorsethewaragainstIraqMrAnnan’scriticshavebeencallingforhimtoresignorbesackedforhispartintheoil-for-foodprogramme.Theyhavehadtwoarguments.Oneisthatheishimselfguiltyofmalfeasance.Theotheristhatevenifheisn’thewasthemanatthetopandshouldthereforetaketheblameforascandalthatunfoldedonhiswatch.OnbothcountsacasecanbemadethattheVolckerreportoffershimanescape.OnthefirstcountMrVolckerhasfoundnoevidenceatallthatthesecretary-generalhimselfdidanythingcorrupteventhoughseveralpeopleclosetohimplainlydid.OnthesecondthereportdoesnotsaywhetherMrAnnanshouldgoforhavingpresidedoversuchchaosandvenality.Itdoessaythatcorruptiondownthelinereflectedtheabsenceof"astrongorganizationalethic"thatshouldhavepermeatedtheleadership.ButitalsoarguesthatMrAnnanwasnotresponsibleforeverythingthatwentwrong.ThoughnominallytheUN’sadministrativebossneitherhenorhispredecessorswerechosenformanagerialskillsorprovidedwiththetools--suchastheabilitytohireandfirewithoutpoliticalinterference--tobeeffectivemanagers.Inthecaseofoil-for-foodtheSecurityCounciltriedtokeepcontrolthroughasanctionscommitteeofnationaldiplomats.HavingneithertheSecurityCouncilnorthesecretariatinclearcommandwasarecipefor"theevasionofresponsibilityatalllevels".IftheUNwereacompanywhosebosshadmadeahashofthingsTheEconomistwouldcallforthetopman’shead.Removingabossisagoodwayforshareholderstoshowthattheywantchange.ButsincetheUNisnotafirmsackingMrAnnanovertheoil-for-foodprogrammewouldsendthewrongsignal:thatitishispersonandnot--astheVolckerreportstresses--thestructureoftheorganizationthatisattherootoftheproblem.AndbecausetheUNisapoliticalorganizationoustingMrAnnanwouldsendapoliticalsignaltoo.ItwouldbereadbymanyUNmembersasapunishmentinflictedontheUNbyAmerica’smorestridentRepublicansasrevengefortheSecurityCouncil’sfailuretosupporttheBritishandAmericaninvasionofIraqin2003. Whatistherelationshipofparagraph4and5toparagraph3
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40pointsText1KofiAnnanthesecretary-generaloftheUnitedNationssaidhewantednextweek’ssummitof170-plusheadsofstateandgovernmentinNewYorktobeanother"SanFranciscomoment"--achancetorecapturethespiritofrenewalandoptimismthataccompaniedthebirthoftheUnitedNationsinCalifornia60yearsago.Heisnotlikelytogethisway.AftermorethanayearofinvestigationPaulVolckeraformerheadofAmerica’sFederalReservechosethisofallweekstopublishhisreportonwhatwentwrongwiththeUN’soil-for-foodprogrammeinIraq.Itdoesnotmakeprettyreading.TheprogrammeachieveditsbasicaimwhichwastoallowanIraqundersanctionstosellsomeoilsothatsomeofthebasicfoodandmedicalneedsofitspeoplecouldstillbemet.ButMrVolcker’steamconfirmsthattheprogrammewasriddledwithwasteinefficiencyandcorruptionincludingamongUNstaffatheadquartersaswellasinthefield.AsaresultSaddamHussein’sregimesucceededinsqueezingatotalillicitincomeofsome$10billionfromtheschemeabout$8billionfromsmugglingandtherestfromsurchargesandkickbacks.EversincetheSecurityCouncilfailedtoendorsethewaragainstIraqMrAnnan’scriticshavebeencallingforhimtoresignorbesackedforhispartintheoil-for-foodprogramme.Theyhavehadtwoarguments.Oneisthatheishimselfguiltyofmalfeasance.Theotheristhatevenifheisn’thewasthemanatthetopandshouldthereforetaketheblameforascandalthatunfoldedonhiswatch.OnbothcountsacasecanbemadethattheVolckerreportoffershimanescape.OnthefirstcountMrVolckerhasfoundnoevidenceatallthatthesecretary-generalhimselfdidanythingcorrupteventhoughseveralpeopleclosetohimplainlydid.OnthesecondthereportdoesnotsaywhetherMrAnnanshouldgoforhavingpresidedoversuchchaosandvenality.Itdoessaythatcorruptiondownthelinereflectedtheabsenceof"astrongorganizationalethic"thatshouldhavepermeatedtheleadership.ButitalsoarguesthatMrAnnanwasnotresponsibleforeverythingthatwentwrong.ThoughnominallytheUN’sadministrativebossneitherhenorhispredecessorswerechosenformanagerialskillsorprovidedwiththetools--suchastheabilitytohireandfirewithoutpoliticalinterference--tobeeffectivemanagers.Inthecaseofoil-for-foodtheSecurityCounciltriedtokeepcontrolthroughasanctionscommitteeofnationaldiplomats.HavingneithertheSecurityCouncilnorthesecretariatinclearcommandwasarecipefor"theevasionofresponsibilityatalllevels".IftheUNwereacompanywhosebosshadmadeahashofthingsTheEconomistwouldcallforthetopman’shead.Removingabossisagoodwayforshareholderstoshowthattheywantchange.ButsincetheUNisnotafirmsackingMrAnnanovertheoil-for-foodprogrammewouldsendthewrongsignal:thatitishispersonandnot--astheVolckerreportstresses--thestructureoftheorganizationthatisattherootoftheproblem.AndbecausetheUNisapoliticalorganizationoustingMrAnnanwouldsendapoliticalsignaltoo.ItwouldbereadbymanyUNmembersasapunishmentinflictedontheUNbyAmerica’smorestridentRepublicansasrevengefortheSecurityCouncil’sfailuretosupporttheBritishandAmericaninvasionofIraqin2003. ThewordreadinginLine3Paragraph2denotes
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