首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置：
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
下列除哪一项外，均是紫金锭的治证( )
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
国家统考科目《单选题》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
对针眼未成脓者局部治疗外治应:
及早切开,使其早愈
施以挤压,令其消退
局部湿热敷以助消散
针挑患部, 挤出黏液或血水
挑开患部皮肤,用紫金锭磨汁频涂
紫金锭的功效除能消肿止痛外还能
和中消食
祛暑利湿
补气生津
芳香化湿
辟瘟解毒
紫金锭的药物组成中含有
山慈姑
红芽大戟
麝香
文蛤
朱砂
不属于紫金锭主治病证的是
中暑
脘腹胀痛
痄腮
咳嗽
痢疾
紫金锭的主治证不包括
痄腮
喉风
丹毒
胸痹
中暑时疫
对针眼未成脓者局部治疗外治应
及早切开，使其早愈
施以压挤，令其消退
局部湿热敷以助消散
针挑患部，挤出黏液或血液
挑开皮肤，用紫金锭磨汁频涂
主治夏伤暑湿宿食停滞证的是
十滴水
六一散
六合定中丸
清暑益气丸
紫金锭（散）
紫金锭的功用是
镇痉安神
开窍化痰
辟秽解毒
消肿止痛
火疳的外治首选:
涩化丹
鱼腥草眼药水
紫金锭
化铁丹眼药水
鸡蛋黄油膏
下列除哪一项外均是紫金锭证
痄腮
丹毒
喉风
胸痹
患者突然昏倒牙关紧闭不省人事苔白脉迟治宜选用
至宝丹
紫雪丹
苏合香丸
紫金锭
以下关于蝼蛄疖的治法说法正确的是
用千捶膏盖贴
用紫金锭水调外敷
掺太乙膏盖贴
宜做十字形剪开
用三黄洗剂外搽
主治感受暑湿所致的暑湿证的是
十滴水
六一散
六合定中丸
清暑益气丸
紫金锭（散）
某女30岁1周来发热身倦口渴泄泻小便黄少证属暑湿证治当清暑利湿宜选用的中成药是
紫金锭
清暑益气丸
十滴水
参苏丸
六一散
外敷可治疗疔疮疖肿虫咬损伤无名肿毒以及痄腮丹毒喉风等证的方剂为
安宫牛黄丸
紫雪
至宝丹
行军散
紫金锭
紫金锭的功用是
镇痉安神
开窍化痰，
避秽解毒
消肿止痛
下列属于含雄黄的中成药的是
牛黄解毒丸
六神丸
喉症丸
紫金锭
追风丸
感受暑湿所致的暑湿证的是
六一散
紫金锭
六合定中丸
十滴水
清暑益气丸
紫金锭的主治
患者脘腹胀闷疼痛呕吐泄泻治宜选用
至宝丹
紫雪丹
苏合香丸
紫金锭
热门试题
更多
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsAscientistwhodoesresearchineconomicpsychologyandwhowantstopredictthewayinwhichconsumerswillspendtheirmoneymuststudyconsumerbehavior.Hemustobtain1bothonresourcesofconsumersandonthemotivesthat2toencourageordiscouragemoneyspending.Ifan3wereaskedwhichofthreegroupsborrowmost--peoplewithrisingincomes4incomesordecliningincomes--hewould5answer:thosewithdecliningincomes.Actuallyintheyears1997-2000theanswerwas:peoplewithrisingincomes.Peoplewithdecliningincomeswerenextandpeoplewithstableincomesborrowedthe6.Thisshowsusthattradition-al7aboutearningandspendingarenotalways8Anothertraditionalassumptionisthatifpeoplewhohavemoneyexpectpricestogouptheywill9tobuy.Iftheyexpectpricestogodowntheywillpostponebuying.10researchsurveyshaveshownthatthisisnotalways11Theexpectationsofpriceincreasesmaynotstimulatebuying.One12attitudewasex-pressedbythewifeofamechanicinaninterviewatatimeofrisingprices.Herfamilyhadbeenplanningtobuyanewcarbuttheypostponedthispurchase.13theriseinpricesthathasal-readytakenplacemayberesentedandbuyer’sresistancemaybeevoked.The14mentionedabovewascarriedoutinAmerica.Investigations15atthesametimeinGreatBritainhoweveryieldedresultsthatweremore16traditionalassumptionsaboutsavingandspendingpatterns.Theconditionmostcontributivetospending17tobepricestability.Ifpriceshavebeenstableandpeopleconsiderthattheyare18theyarelikelytobuy.Thusitappearsthatthecommon19policyofmaintainingstablepricesisbasedonacorrectunderstandingof20psychology. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsAscientistwhodoesresearchineconomicpsychologyandwhowantstopredictthewayinwhichconsumerswillspendtheirmoneymuststudyconsumerbehavior.Hemustobtain1bothonresourcesofconsumersandonthemotivesthat2toencourageordiscouragemoneyspending.Ifan3wereaskedwhichofthreegroupsborrowmost--peoplewithrisingincomes4incomesordecliningincomes--hewould5answer:thosewithdecliningincomes.Actuallyintheyears1997-2000theanswerwas:peoplewithrisingincomes.Peoplewithdecliningincomeswerenextandpeoplewithstableincomesborrowedthe6.Thisshowsusthattradition-al7aboutearningandspendingarenotalways8Anothertraditionalassumptionisthatifpeoplewhohavemoneyexpectpricestogouptheywill9tobuy.Iftheyexpectpricestogodowntheywillpostponebuying.10researchsurveyshaveshownthatthisisnotalways11Theexpectationsofpriceincreasesmaynotstimulatebuying.One12attitudewasex-pressedbythewifeofamechanicinaninterviewatatimeofrisingprices.Herfamilyhadbeenplanningtobuyanewcarbuttheypostponedthispurchase.13theriseinpricesthathasal-readytakenplacemayberesentedandbuyer’sresistancemaybeevoked.The14mentionedabovewascarriedoutinAmerica.Investigations15atthesametimeinGreatBritainhoweveryieldedresultsthatweremore16traditionalassumptionsaboutsavingandspendingpatterns.Theconditionmostcontributivetospending17tobepricestability.Ifpriceshavebeenstableandpeopleconsiderthattheyare18theyarelikelytobuy.Thusitappearsthatthecommon19policyofmaintainingstablepricesisbasedonacorrectunderstandingof20psychology. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.5
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsAscientistwhodoesresearchineconomicpsychologyandwhowantstopredictthewayinwhichconsumerswillspendtheirmoneymuststudyconsumerbehavior.Hemustobtain1bothonresourcesofconsumersandonthemotivesthat2toencourageordiscouragemoneyspending.Ifan3wereaskedwhichofthreegroupsborrowmost--peoplewithrisingincomes4incomesordecliningincomes--hewould5answer:thosewithdecliningincomes.Actuallyintheyears1997-2000theanswerwas:peoplewithrisingincomes.Peoplewithdecliningincomeswerenextandpeoplewithstableincomesborrowedthe6.Thisshowsusthattradition-al7aboutearningandspendingarenotalways8Anothertraditionalassumptionisthatifpeoplewhohavemoneyexpectpricestogouptheywill9tobuy.Iftheyexpectpricestogodowntheywillpostponebuying.10researchsurveyshaveshownthatthisisnotalways11Theexpectationsofpriceincreasesmaynotstimulatebuying.One12attitudewasex-pressedbythewifeofamechanicinaninterviewatatimeofrisingprices.Herfamilyhadbeenplanningtobuyanewcarbuttheypostponedthispurchase.13theriseinpricesthathasal-readytakenplacemayberesentedandbuyer’sresistancemaybeevoked.The14mentionedabovewascarriedoutinAmerica.Investigations15atthesametimeinGreatBritainhoweveryieldedresultsthatweremore16traditionalassumptionsaboutsavingandspendingpatterns.Theconditionmostcontributivetospending17tobepricestability.Ifpriceshavebeenstableandpeopleconsiderthattheyare18theyarelikelytobuy.Thusitappearsthatthecommon19policyofmaintainingstablepricesisbasedonacorrectunderstandingof20psychology. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
Vitaminsareorganiccompoundsnecessaryinsmallamountsinthedietforthenormalgrowthandmaintenanceoflifeofanimalsincludingman. Theydonotprovideenergy________dotheyconstructorbuildanypartofthebody.Theyareneededfor________foodsintoenergyandbodymaintenance.Therearethirteenormoreofthemandif________ismissingadeficiencydiseasebecomes________. Vitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelements―usuallycarbonhydrogenoxygenand______nitrogen.Theyaredifferent______theirelementsarearrangeddifferentlyandeachvitamin______oneormorespecificfunctionsinthebody. ________enoughvitaminsisessentialtolifealthoughthebodyhasnonutritionalusefor________vitamins.Manypeople________believeinbeingonthesafesideandthustakeextravitamins.Howeverawell-balanceddietwillusuallymeetallthebody’’svitaminneeds.
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsAscientistwhodoesresearchineconomicpsychologyandwhowantstopredictthewayinwhichconsumerswillspendtheirmoneymuststudyconsumerbehavior.Hemustobtain1bothonresourcesofconsumersandonthemotivesthat2toencourageordiscouragemoneyspending.Ifan3wereaskedwhichofthreegroupsborrowmost--peoplewithrisingincomes4incomesordecliningincomes--hewould5answer:thosewithdecliningincomes.Actuallyintheyears1997-2000theanswerwas:peoplewithrisingincomes.Peoplewithdecliningincomeswerenextandpeoplewithstableincomesborrowedthe6.Thisshowsusthattradition-al7aboutearningandspendingarenotalways8Anothertraditionalassumptionisthatifpeoplewhohavemoneyexpectpricestogouptheywill9tobuy.Iftheyexpectpricestogodowntheywillpostponebuying.10researchsurveyshaveshownthatthisisnotalways11Theexpectationsofpriceincreasesmaynotstimulatebuying.One12attitudewasex-pressedbythewifeofamechanicinaninterviewatatimeofrisingprices.Herfamilyhadbeenplanningtobuyanewcarbuttheypostponedthispurchase.13theriseinpricesthathasal-readytakenplacemayberesentedandbuyer’sresistancemaybeevoked.The14mentionedabovewascarriedoutinAmerica.Investigations15atthesametimeinGreatBritainhoweveryieldedresultsthatweremore16traditionalassumptionsaboutsavingandspendingpatterns.Theconditionmostcontributivetospending17tobepricestability.Ifpriceshavebeenstableandpeopleconsiderthattheyare18theyarelikelytobuy.Thusitappearsthatthecommon19policyofmaintainingstablepricesisbasedonacorrectunderstandingof20psychology. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.9
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsAscientistwhodoesresearchineconomicpsychologyandwhowantstopredictthewayinwhichconsumerswillspendtheirmoneymuststudyconsumerbehavior.Hemustobtain1bothonresourcesofconsumersandonthemotivesthat2toencourageordiscouragemoneyspending.Ifan3wereaskedwhichofthreegroupsborrowmost--peoplewithrisingincomes4incomesordecliningincomes--hewould5answer:thosewithdecliningincomes.Actuallyintheyears1997-2000theanswerwas:peoplewithrisingincomes.Peoplewithdecliningincomeswerenextandpeoplewithstableincomesborrowedthe6.Thisshowsusthattradition-al7aboutearningandspendingarenotalways8Anothertraditionalassumptionisthatifpeoplewhohavemoneyexpectpricestogouptheywill9tobuy.Iftheyexpectpricestogodowntheywillpostponebuying.10researchsurveyshaveshownthatthisisnotalways11Theexpectationsofpriceincreasesmaynotstimulatebuying.One12attitudewasex-pressedbythewifeofamechanicinaninterviewatatimeofrisingprices.Herfamilyhadbeenplanningtobuyanewcarbuttheypostponedthispurchase.13theriseinpricesthathasal-readytakenplacemayberesentedandbuyer’sresistancemaybeevoked.The14mentionedabovewascarriedoutinAmerica.Investigations15atthesametimeinGreatBritainhoweveryieldedresultsthatweremore16traditionalassumptionsaboutsavingandspendingpatterns.Theconditionmostcontributivetospending17tobepricestability.Ifpriceshavebeenstableandpeopleconsiderthattheyare18theyarelikelytobuy.Thusitappearsthatthecommon19policyofmaintainingstablepricesisbasedonacorrectunderstandingof20psychology. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40PointsText1Overthelastdecadedemandforthemostcommoncosmeticsurgeryprocedureslikebreastenlargementandnosejobshasincreasedbymorethan400percent.AccordingtoDr.DuiDaviesofthePlasticSurgeryPartnershipinHammersmiththemajorityofcosmeticsurgerypatientsarenotchasingphysicalperfection.Rathertheyaredriventofantasticlengthstoimprovetheirappearancebyadesiretolooknormal."Whatwealllongforistolooknormalandbeingnormaliswhatisprescribedbytheadvertisingmediaandotherexternalpressures.Theygiveusperceptionofwhatisphysicallyacceptableandwefeelwemustlooklikethat."InAmericathedebateisnolongeraboutwhethersurgeryisnormal;ratheritcentersonwhatagepeopleshouldbebeforegoingundertheknife.NewYorksurgeonDr.GerardImberrecommends"maintenance"workforpeopleintheirthirties."Theideathatwaitinguntiloneneedsaheroictransformationissilly"hesays."Bythenyou’vewasted20greatyearsofyourlifeandal-lowedthingstogetoutofhand."Dr.Imberredrawsthelineatoperatingonpeoplewhoareunder18however"Itseemsthatsomeonewedon’tconsideroldenoughtoorderadrinkshouldn’tbeconsideringplasticsurgery.IntheUKcosmeticsurgeryhaslongbeenseenastheexclusivedomainoftheveryrichandfamous.Buttheproportionalcostoftreatmenthasfallensubstantiallybringingallbutthemostadvancedlasertechnologywithinthereachofmostpeople.Dr.Daviewhoclaimsto"eaterfortheaverageperson"agrees.Hesays:"Itreatafewoftherichandfamousandanawfullotofsecretaries.Ofcourse￡3000foranoperationisalotofmoney.Butitisalsoaninvestmentforlifewhichcostsabouthalfthepriceofagoodfamilyholiday."Dr.Daviessuspectsthattheincreasingsophisticationofthefatinjectingandremovaltechniquesthatallowpatientstobetreatedwithalocalanestheticinanafternoonhasalsohelpedpromotethepopularityofcosmeticsurgery.Yetasonewomanwhorecentlypaid￡2500foranoperationtoremovecellulitefromherthighsadmittedtheslopetobecomingacosmeticsurgeryveteranisadeceptivelygentleone."Ihadmylegsdonebecausethey’dbeenbuggingmeforyears.Butgoingintotheclinicstimulatedmyappetite.NowIdon’tthinkthere’sanyoperationthatIwouldruleouthavingifIcouldaffordit." IntheUSpeopleargueabout
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsAscientistwhodoesresearchineconomicpsychologyandwhowantstopredictthewayinwhichconsumerswillspendtheirmoneymuststudyconsumerbehavior.Hemustobtain1bothonresourcesofconsumersandonthemotivesthat2toencourageordiscouragemoneyspending.Ifan3wereaskedwhichofthreegroupsborrowmost--peoplewithrisingincomes4incomesordecliningincomes--hewould5answer:thosewithdecliningincomes.Actuallyintheyears1997-2000theanswerwas:peoplewithrisingincomes.Peoplewithdecliningincomeswerenextandpeoplewithstableincomesborrowedthe6.Thisshowsusthattradition-al7aboutearningandspendingarenotalways8Anothertraditionalassumptionisthatifpeoplewhohavemoneyexpectpricestogouptheywill9tobuy.Iftheyexpectpricestogodowntheywillpostponebuying.10researchsurveyshaveshownthatthisisnotalways11Theexpectationsofpriceincreasesmaynotstimulatebuying.One12attitudewasex-pressedbythewifeofamechanicinaninterviewatatimeofrisingprices.Herfamilyhadbeenplanningtobuyanewcarbuttheypostponedthispurchase.13theriseinpricesthathasal-readytakenplacemayberesentedandbuyer’sresistancemaybeevoked.The14mentionedabovewascarriedoutinAmerica.Investigations15atthesametimeinGreatBritainhoweveryieldedresultsthatweremore16traditionalassumptionsaboutsavingandspendingpatterns.Theconditionmostcontributivetospending17tobepricestability.Ifpriceshavebeenstableandpeopleconsiderthattheyare18theyarelikelytobuy.Thusitappearsthatthecommon19policyofmaintainingstablepricesisbasedonacorrectunderstandingof20psychology. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
YouarepreparingfortakingtheentrancetestforMAineconomics.WritealettertothedeanoftheEconomicsSchoolofafamousuniversitytoenquireabout: 1thesubjectstobetested 2thenumberofstudentsforenrollmentand 3anyguidingortrainingcourses. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyournameattheendoftheletter.UseLiMinginstead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.10points
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40PointsText1Overthelastdecadedemandforthemostcommoncosmeticsurgeryprocedureslikebreastenlargementandnosejobshasincreasedbymorethan400percent.AccordingtoDr.DuiDaviesofthePlasticSurgeryPartnershipinHammersmiththemajorityofcosmeticsurgerypatientsarenotchasingphysicalperfection.Rathertheyaredriventofantasticlengthstoimprovetheirappearancebyadesiretolooknormal."Whatwealllongforistolooknormalandbeingnormaliswhatisprescribedbytheadvertisingmediaandotherexternalpressures.Theygiveusperceptionofwhatisphysicallyacceptableandwefeelwemustlooklikethat."InAmericathedebateisnolongeraboutwhethersurgeryisnormal;ratheritcentersonwhatagepeopleshouldbebeforegoingundertheknife.NewYorksurgeonDr.GerardImberrecommends"maintenance"workforpeopleintheirthirties."Theideathatwaitinguntiloneneedsaheroictransformationissilly"hesays."Bythenyou’vewasted20greatyearsofyourlifeandal-lowedthingstogetoutofhand."Dr.Imberredrawsthelineatoperatingonpeoplewhoareunder18however"Itseemsthatsomeonewedon’tconsideroldenoughtoorderadrinkshouldn’tbeconsideringplasticsurgery.IntheUKcosmeticsurgeryhaslongbeenseenastheexclusivedomainoftheveryrichandfamous.Buttheproportionalcostoftreatmenthasfallensubstantiallybringingallbutthemostadvancedlasertechnologywithinthereachofmostpeople.Dr.Daviewhoclaimsto"eaterfortheaverageperson"agrees.Hesays:"Itreatafewoftherichandfamousandanawfullotofsecretaries.Ofcourse￡3000foranoperationisalotofmoney.Butitisalsoaninvestmentforlifewhichcostsabouthalfthepriceofagoodfamilyholiday."Dr.Daviessuspectsthattheincreasingsophisticationofthefatinjectingandremovaltechniquesthatallowpatientstobetreatedwithalocalanestheticinanafternoonhasalsohelpedpromotethepopularityofcosmeticsurgery.Yetasonewomanwhorecentlypaid￡2500foranoperationtoremovecellulitefromherthighsadmittedtheslopetobecomingacosmeticsurgeryveteranisadeceptivelygentleone."Ihadmylegsdonebecausethey’dbeenbuggingmeforyears.Butgoingintotheclinicstimulatedmyappetite.NowIdon’tthinkthere’sanyoperationthatIwouldruleouthavingifIcouldaffordit." Itseemsthatthewomanmentionedinthelastparagraph
IsitpossiblethattheideaswehavetodayaboutownershipandpropertyrightshavebeensouniversalinthehumanmindthatitistrulyasiftheyhadsprungfromthemindofGodBynomeans.Theideaofowningandpropertyemergedinthemistsofunrecordedhistory.TheancientJewsforonehadaverydifferentoutlookonpropertyandownershipviewingitassomethingmuchmoretemporaryandtentativethanwedo. TheideaswehaveinAmericaabouttheprivateownershipofproductivepropertyasanaturalanduniversalrightofmankindperhapsofdivineoriginarebynomeansuniversalandmustbeviewedasaninventionofmanratherthanadecreeorderofGod.Ofcoursewearecompletelytrainedtoaccepttheideaofownershipoftheearthanditsproductsrawandtransformed.Itseemsnotatallstrange;infactitisquitedifficulttoimagineasocietywithoutsucharrangements.Ifsomeonesomeindividualdidn’’townthatplotoflandthathousethatfactorythatmachinethattowerofwheathowwouldwefunctionWhatwouldtherulesbeWhomwouldwebuyfromandhowwouldwesell Itisimportanttoacknowledgeasignificantdifferencebetweenachievingownershipsimplybytakingorclaimingpropertyandowningwhatwetendtocallthefruitoflabor.IfIaloneortogetherwithmyfamilyworkonthelandandraisecropsorifImakesomethingusefuloutofnaturalmaterialitseemsreasonableandfairtoclaimthatthecropsortheobjectsbelongtomeormyfamilyaremypropertyatleastinthesensethatIhavefirstclaimonthem.Hardlyanyonewoulddisputethat.Infactsomeoftheearlyradicalworkingmen’’smovementsmadeanownershipclaimonthoseverygrounds.AsindustrialorganizationbecamemorecomplexhoweversuchissuesbecamevastlymoreintricateItmustbeclearthatinmodernsocietythesocialheritageofknowledgeandtechnologyandthesocialorganizationofmanufactureandexchangeaccountforfarmoreoftheproductivityofindustryandthevalueofwhatisproducedthancanbeaccountedforbythelaborofanynumberofindividuals.HardlyanypersoncannowpointandsayThat--thatrightthere--isthefruitofmylabor.Wecansayasasocietyasanation--asaworldreally--thatwhatisproducedisthefruitofourlabortheproductofthewholesocietyasacollectivity. Wehavetorecognizethattherightofprivateindividualownershipofpropertyisman-madeandconstantlydependentontheextenttowhichthosewithoutpropertybelievethattheownercanmakehisclaimstick. Welearnbyinferencethatprivatepropertymay
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsAscientistwhodoesresearchineconomicpsychologyandwhowantstopredictthewayinwhichconsumerswillspendtheirmoneymuststudyconsumerbehavior.Hemustobtain1bothonresourcesofconsumersandonthemotivesthat2toencourageordiscouragemoneyspending.Ifan3wereaskedwhichofthreegroupsborrowmost--peoplewithrisingincomes4incomesordecliningincomes--hewould5answer:thosewithdecliningincomes.Actuallyintheyears1997-2000theanswerwas:peoplewithrisingincomes.Peoplewithdecliningincomeswerenextandpeoplewithstableincomesborrowedthe6.Thisshowsusthattradition-al7aboutearningandspendingarenotalways8Anothertraditionalassumptionisthatifpeoplewhohavemoneyexpectpricestogouptheywill9tobuy.Iftheyexpectpricestogodowntheywillpostponebuying.10researchsurveyshaveshownthatthisisnotalways11Theexpectationsofpriceincreasesmaynotstimulatebuying.One12attitudewasex-pressedbythewifeofamechanicinaninterviewatatimeofrisingprices.Herfamilyhadbeenplanningtobuyanewcarbuttheypostponedthispurchase.13theriseinpricesthathasal-readytakenplacemayberesentedandbuyer’sresistancemaybeevoked.The14mentionedabovewascarriedoutinAmerica.Investigations15atthesametimeinGreatBritainhoweveryieldedresultsthatweremore16traditionalassumptionsaboutsavingandspendingpatterns.Theconditionmostcontributivetospending17tobepricestability.Ifpriceshavebeenstableandpeopleconsiderthattheyare18theyarelikelytobuy.Thusitappearsthatthecommon19policyofmaintainingstablepricesisbasedonacorrectunderstandingof20psychology. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
Theessentialweaknessoftheoldandtraditionaleducationwasnotjustthatitemphasizedthenecessityforprovisionofdefinitesubject-matterandactivities.Thesethingsarenecessitiesforanythingthatcanrightlybecallededucation.Theweaknessandevilwasthattheimaginationofeducatorsdidnotgobeyondprovisionofafixedandrigidenvironmentofsubject-matteronedrawnmoreoverfromsourcesaltogethertooremotefromtheexperiencesofthepupil.Whatisneededintheneweducationismoreattentionnotlesstosubject-matterandtoprogressintechnique.ButwhenIsaymoreIdonotmeanmoreinquantityofthesameoldkind.Imeananimaginativevisionwhichseesthatnoprescribedandready-madeschemecanpossiblydeterminetheexactsubject-matterthatwillbestpromotetheeducativegrowthofeveryindividualyoungperson;thateverynewindividualsetsanewproblem;thathecallsforatleastasomewhatdifferentemphasisinsubject-matterpresented.Thereisnothingmoreblindlystupidthantheconventionwhichsupposesthatthematteractuallycontainedintextbooksofarithmetichistorygeographyetc.isjustwhatwillfurthertheeducationaldevelopmentofallchildren. Butwithdrawalfromthehardandfastandnarrowcontentsoftheoldcurriculumisonlythenegativesideofthematter.Ifwedonotgofarinthepositivedirectionofprovidingabodyofsubject-mattermuchrichermorevariedandflexibleandalsointruthmoredefinitejudgedintermsoftheexperienceofthosebeingeducatedthantraditionaleducationsuppliedweshalltendtoleaveaneducationalvacuuminwhichanythingmayhappen.Completeisolationisimpossibleinnature.Theyoungliveinsomeenvironmentwhetherweintenditornotandthisenvironmentisconstantlyinteractingwithwhatchildrenandyouthbringtoit.andtheresultistheshapingoftheirinterestsmindsandcharacter―eithereducativelyormis-educatively.Iftheprofessededucatorgivesuphisresponsibilityforjudgingandselectingthekindofenvironmentthathisbestunderstandingleadshimtothinkwillbecontributivetogrowththentheyoungareleftatthemercyofalltheunorganizedandcasualforcesofthemodernsocialenvironmentthatinevitablyplayuponthemaslongastheylive.Intheeducativeenvironmenttheknowledgejudgmentandexperienceoftheteacherisagreaternotasmallerfactorthanitisinthetraditionalschool.Thedifferenceisthattheteacheroperatesnotasajudgesetonhighandmarkedbyarbitraryauthoritybutasafriendlyco-partnerandguideinacommonenterprise. Intheauthor’’sviewthebasicfaultofoldeducationconsistsin
Toavoidthevariousfoolishopinionstowhichmankindisliablenosuperhumangeniusisrequired.Afewsimpleruleswillkeepyounotfromallerrorsbutfromsillyerrors. Ifthematterisonethatcanbesettledbyobservationmaketheobservationyourself.AristotlecouldhaveavoidedthemistakeofthinkingthatwomenhavefewerteeththanmenbythesimpledeviceofaskingMrs.Aristotletokeephermouthopenwhilehecounted.Hedidnotdosobecausehethoughtheknew.Thinkingthatyouknowwheninfactyoudon’’tisafatalmistaketowhichweareallliable. Manymattershoweverarelesseasilybroughttothetestofexperience.Iflikemostofmankindyouhavestrongconvictionsonmanysuchmatterstherearewaysinwhichyoucanmakeyourselfawareofyourownprejudice.Ifanopinioncontrarytoyourownmakesyouangrythatisasignthatyousubconsciouslyareawareofhavingnogoodreasonforthinkingasyoudo.IfsomeonemaintainsthattwoandtwoarefiveorthatIcelandisontheequatoryoufeelpityratherthanangerunlessyouknowsolittleofarithmeticorgeographythathisopinionshakesyourowncontraryconviction.Themostsavagecontroversiesarethoseaboutmattersastowhichthereisnogoodevidenceeitherway.Sowheneveryoufindyourselfgettingangryaboutadifferenceofopinionbeonyourguard;youwillprobablyfindonexaminationthatyourbeliefisgoingbeyondwhattheevidencejustifies. Forthosewhohaveenoughpsychologicalimaginationitisagoodplantoimagineanargumentwithapersonhavingadifferentopinion.Thishasoneadvantageandonlyoneascomparedwithactualconversationwithopponents;thisoneadvantageisthatthemethodisnotsubjecttothesamelimitationsoftimeandspace.MahatmaGandhi圣雄甘地considereditunfortunatetohaverailwaysandsteamboatsandmachinery;hewouldhavelikedtoundothewholeoftheindustrialrevolution.YoumayneverhaveanopportunityofactuallymeetinganyonewhoholdsthisopinionbecauseinWesterncountriesmostpeopletaketheadvantageofmoderntechnologyforgranted.ButifyouwanttomakesurethatyouarerightinagreeingwiththeprevailingopinionyouwillfinditagoodplantotesttheargumentsthatoccurtoyoubyconsideringwhatGandhimighthavesaidinrefutationofthem.Ihavesometimesbeenledactuallytochangemymindasaresultofthiskindofimaginarydialogue.FurthermoreIhavefrequentlyfoundmyselfgrowingmoreagreeablethroughrealizingthepossiblereasonablenessofahypotheticalopponent. Accordingtothetextitistruethat
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsAscientistwhodoesresearchineconomicpsychologyandwhowantstopredictthewayinwhichconsumerswillspendtheirmoneymuststudyconsumerbehavior.Hemustobtain1bothonresourcesofconsumersandonthemotivesthat2toencourageordiscouragemoneyspending.Ifan3wereaskedwhichofthreegroupsborrowmost--peoplewithrisingincomes4incomesordecliningincomes--hewould5answer:thosewithdecliningincomes.Actuallyintheyears1997-2000theanswerwas:peoplewithrisingincomes.Peoplewithdecliningincomeswerenextandpeoplewithstableincomesborrowedthe6.Thisshowsusthattradition-al7aboutearningandspendingarenotalways8Anothertraditionalassumptionisthatifpeoplewhohavemoneyexpectpricestogouptheywill9tobuy.Iftheyexpectpricestogodowntheywillpostponebuying.10researchsurveyshaveshownthatthisisnotalways11Theexpectationsofpriceincreasesmaynotstimulatebuying.One12attitudewasex-pressedbythewifeofamechanicinaninterviewatatimeofrisingprices.Herfamilyhadbeenplanningtobuyanewcarbuttheypostponedthispurchase.13theriseinpricesthathasal-readytakenplacemayberesentedandbuyer’sresistancemaybeevoked.The14mentionedabovewascarriedoutinAmerica.Investigations15atthesametimeinGreatBritainhoweveryieldedresultsthatweremore16traditionalassumptionsaboutsavingandspendingpatterns.Theconditionmostcontributivetospending17tobepricestability.Ifpriceshavebeenstableandpeopleconsiderthattheyare18theyarelikelytobuy.Thusitappearsthatthecommon19policyofmaintainingstablepricesisbasedonacorrectunderstandingof20psychology. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.3
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsAscientistwhodoesresearchineconomicpsychologyandwhowantstopredictthewayinwhichconsumerswillspendtheirmoneymuststudyconsumerbehavior.Hemustobtain1bothonresourcesofconsumersandonthemotivesthat2toencourageordiscouragemoneyspending.Ifan3wereaskedwhichofthreegroupsborrowmost--peoplewithrisingincomes4incomesordecliningincomes--hewould5answer:thosewithdecliningincomes.Actuallyintheyears1997-2000theanswerwas:peoplewithrisingincomes.Peoplewithdecliningincomeswerenextandpeoplewithstableincomesborrowedthe6.Thisshowsusthattradition-al7aboutearningandspendingarenotalways8Anothertraditionalassumptionisthatifpeoplewhohavemoneyexpectpricestogouptheywill9tobuy.Iftheyexpectpricestogodowntheywillpostponebuying.10researchsurveyshaveshownthatthisisnotalways11Theexpectationsofpriceincreasesmaynotstimulatebuying.One12attitudewasex-pressedbythewifeofamechanicinaninterviewatatimeofrisingprices.Herfamilyhadbeenplanningtobuyanewcarbuttheypostponedthispurchase.13theriseinpricesthathasal-readytakenplacemayberesentedandbuyer’sresistancemaybeevoked.The14mentionedabovewascarriedoutinAmerica.Investigations15atthesametimeinGreatBritainhoweveryieldedresultsthatweremore16traditionalassumptionsaboutsavingandspendingpatterns.Theconditionmostcontributivetospending17tobepricestability.Ifpriceshavebeenstableandpeopleconsiderthattheyare18theyarelikelytobuy.Thusitappearsthatthecommon19policyofmaintainingstablepricesisbasedonacorrectunderstandingof20psychology. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.1
Atthestartofthe20thcenturyimmigrantlaborandinnovationhelpedturntheU.S.intoapowerfulmanufacturingnation.Todayforeign-bornengineersjamthecorridorsofSiliconValleyhelpingAmerica’’sinformation-technologyboom.Andasthe21stcenturydawnsyetanotherwaveofimmigrantswillonceagainhelptransformtheeconomy. 46DuringthenextdecadeexceptingachangeingovernmentpolicynearlyamillionimmigrantsareexpectedtoarriveintheU.S.everyyearmostofwhombothlegalandillegalwillcontinuetocomefromLatinAmericaandSoutheastAsiabuteveryforeignlandwillberepresented. Asdomesticbirthratesstagnateonlyforeign-bornworkerwillkeepthelaborpoolgrowing.By2006infactimmigrantswillaccountforhalfofallnewU.S.workers;overthenext30yearstheirsharewillriseto60%. 47EvenatcurrentlevelsofimmigrationaccordingtotheLaborDept.thenumberofpeopleavailabletoworkwillincreasebyamere0.8%peryearbetween1996and2006-halftherateofthepreviousdecade.WithoutimmigrantsaccordingtoanewstudytheU.S.workforcewouldactuallybegintoshrinkby2015. 48It’’snotallaboutsheernumbersofcourse:ToliftproductivityandspurgrowthimmigrantsmustprovidecreativityentrepreneurialenergyorsimpleinitiativethatAmericacouldn’’tfindotherwise.IfallyoudidwasbringinpeoplewhoareexactlythesameasthosewehaveheretherewouldbenoeconomicbenefitsaysRandCorp.economistJamesP.SmithYou’’djusthavemorepeople. Justascrucialthearrayofeducationandskillsimmigrantsbringcouldfitneatlywiththesupplyofjobsoverthenextdecade.AccordingtoLindaLevineattheCongressionalResearchService60%ofthejobscreatedthrough2005willrequiresomepost-secondaryeducation.Butsheaddslow-skilljobswillstillrepresentabouthalfoftotalemployment.49Yetimmigrantsalsoare50%morelikelythanAmericanstohaveagraduatedegreeandanunbelievable23%ofU.S.residentsholdingPhDsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-bornaccordingtotheNationalScienceFoundation. Indeedforeign-bornworkershaveshownanextraordinaryabilitytoassimilateandflourish.Certainlysomelessskilledworkerswillremainatthebottomeconomicrungalltheirlives.50Yetotherswillcatchupquicklyandwithinadecadeoftheirarrivalthewell-educatedwillgofrommakingbarelyhalfthatofnative-bornAmericansincomparableworktonearly90%accordingtoarecentstudy. Thatofcoursewillraiseimmigrants’’livingstandards.Moreimportantitwillhelpdriveinnovationandentrepreneurshipkeyenginesofthe21stCenturyEconomy.
Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.ThinkofGallileo’s17th-centurytrialforhisrebellingbeliefbeforetheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliamBlake’’sharshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton.Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanitieshasifanythingdeepenedinthiscentury. Untilrecentlythescientificcommunitywassopowerfulthatitcouldaffordtoignoreitscriticsbutnolonger.AsfundingforsciencehasdeclinedscientistshaveattackedantiscienceinseveralbooksnotablyHigherSuperstitionbyPaulR.GrossabiologistattheUniversityofVirginiaandNormanLevittamathematicianatRutgersUniversity;andTheDemon-HauntedWorldbyCarlSaganofCornellUniversity. DefendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchasTheFlightfromScienceandReasonheldinNewYorkCityin1995andScienceintheAgeofMisinformationwhichassembledlastJunenearBuffalo. Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologistsphilosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedscience’’sobjectivity.Saganismoreconcernedwiththosewhobelieveinghostscreationismandotherphenomenathatcontradictthescientificworldview. Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheantisciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswellfromauthoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpoxvirustoRepublicanswhoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch. FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomberwhosemanifestopublishedin1995scornsscienceandlongsforreturntoapretechnologicalUtopia.ButsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareantiscienceasanessayinUSNews&WorldReportlastMayseemedtosuggest. Theenvironmentalistsinevitablyrespondtosuchcritics.ThetrueenemiesofsciencearguesPaulEhrtichofStanfordUniversityapioneerofenvironmentalstudiesarethosewhoquestiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarmingthedepletionoftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth. Indeedsomeobserversfearthattheantiscienceepithetisindangerofbecomingmeaningless.Theterm’’antiscience’’canlumptogethertoomanyquitedifferentthingsnotesHarvardUniversityphilosopherGeraldHoltoninhis1993workScienceandAnti-Science.Theyhaveincommononlyonethingthattheytendtoannoyorthreatenthosewhoregardthemselvesasmoreenlightened. ThewordschismLine3Paragraph1inthecontextprobablymeans____________.
Theessentialweaknessoftheoldandtraditionaleducationwasnotjustthatitemphasizedthenecessityforprovisionofdefinitesubject-matterandactivities.Thesethingsarenecessitiesforanythingthatcanrightlybecallededucation.Theweaknessandevilwasthattheimaginationofeducatorsdidnotgobeyondprovisionofafixedandrigidenvironmentofsubject-matteronedrawnmoreoverfromsourcesaltogethertooremotefromtheexperiencesofthepupil.Whatisneededintheneweducationismoreattentionnotlesstosubject-matterandtoprogressintechnique.ButwhenIsaymoreIdonotmeanmoreinquantityofthesameoldkind.Imeananimaginativevisionwhichseesthatnoprescribedandready-madeschemecanpossiblydeterminetheexactsubject-matterthatwillbestpromotetheeducativegrowthofeveryindividualyoungperson;thateverynewindividualsetsanewproblem;thathecallsforatleastasomewhatdifferentemphasisinsubject-matterpresented.Thereisnothingmoreblindlystupidthantheconventionwhichsupposesthatthematteractuallycontainedintextbooksofarithmetichistorygeographyetc.isjustwhatwillfurthertheeducationaldevelopmentofallchildren. Butwithdrawalfromthehardandfastandnarrowcontentsoftheoldcurriculumisonlythenegativesideofthematter.Ifwedonotgofarinthepositivedirectionofprovidingabodyofsubject-mattermuchrichermorevariedandflexibleandalsointruthmoredefinitejudgedintermsoftheexperienceofthosebeingeducatedthantraditionaleducationsuppliedweshalltendtoleaveaneducationalvacuuminwhichanythingmayhappen.Completeisolationisimpossibleinnature.Theyoungliveinsomeenvironmentwhetherweintenditornotandthisenvironmentisconstantlyinteractingwithwhatchildrenandyouthbringtoit.andtheresultistheshapingoftheirinterestsmindsandcharacter―eithereducativelyormis-educatively.Iftheprofessededucatorgivesuphisresponsibilityforjudgingandselectingthekindofenvironmentthathisbestunderstandingleadshimtothinkwillbecontributivetogrowththentheyoungareleftatthemercyofalltheunorganizedandcasualforcesofthemodernsocialenvironmentthatinevitablyplayuponthemaslongastheylive.Intheeducativeenvironmenttheknowledgejudgmentandexperienceoftheteacherisagreaternotasmallerfactorthanitisinthetraditionalschool.Thedifferenceisthattheteacheroperatesnotasajudgesetonhighandmarkedbyarbitraryauthoritybutasafriendlyco-partnerandguideinacommonenterprise. Therewillbetheriskofforminganeducationalblankif
Vitaminsareorganiccompoundsnecessaryinsmallamountsinthedietforthenormalgrowthandmaintenanceoflifeofanimalsincludingman. Theydonotprovideenergy________dotheyconstructorbuildanypartofthebody.Theyareneededfor________foodsintoenergyandbodymaintenance.Therearethirteenormoreofthemandif________ismissingadeficiencydiseasebecomes________. Vitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelements―usuallycarbonhydrogenoxygenand______nitrogen.Theyaredifferent______theirelementsarearrangeddifferentlyandeachvitamin______oneormorespecificfunctionsinthebody. ________enoughvitaminsisessentialtolifealthoughthebodyhasnonutritionalusefor________vitamins.Manypeople________believeinbeingonthesafesideandthustakeextravitamins.Howeverawell-balanceddietwillusuallymeetallthebody’’svitaminneeds.
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsAscientistwhodoesresearchineconomicpsychologyandwhowantstopredictthewayinwhichconsumerswillspendtheirmoneymuststudyconsumerbehavior.Hemustobtain1bothonresourcesofconsumersandonthemotivesthat2toencourageordiscouragemoneyspending.Ifan3wereaskedwhichofthreegroupsborrowmost--peoplewithrisingincomes4incomesordecliningincomes--hewould5answer:thosewithdecliningincomes.Actuallyintheyears1997-2000theanswerwas:peoplewithrisingincomes.Peoplewithdecliningincomeswerenextandpeoplewithstableincomesborrowedthe6.Thisshowsusthattradition-al7aboutearningandspendingarenotalways8Anothertraditionalassumptionisthatifpeoplewhohavemoneyexpectpricestogouptheywill9tobuy.Iftheyexpectpricestogodowntheywillpostponebuying.10researchsurveyshaveshownthatthisisnotalways11Theexpectationsofpriceincreasesmaynotstimulatebuying.One12attitudewasex-pressedbythewifeofamechanicinaninterviewatatimeofrisingprices.Herfamilyhadbeenplanningtobuyanewcarbuttheypostponedthispurchase.13theriseinpricesthathasal-readytakenplacemayberesentedandbuyer’sresistancemaybeevoked.The14mentionedabovewascarriedoutinAmerica.Investigations15atthesametimeinGreatBritainhoweveryieldedresultsthatweremore16traditionalassumptionsaboutsavingandspendingpatterns.Theconditionmostcontributivetospending17tobepricestability.Ifpriceshavebeenstableandpeopleconsiderthattheyare18theyarelikelytobuy.Thusitappearsthatthecommon19policyofmaintainingstablepricesisbasedonacorrectunderstandingof20psychology. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
1Interpretthefollowingpictures. 2Predictthetendencyoftobaccoconsumptionandgiveyourreasons.
Atthestartofthe20thcenturyimmigrantlaborandinnovationhelpedturntheU.S.intoapowerfulmanufacturingnation.Todayforeign-bornengineersjamthecorridorsofSiliconValleyhelpingAmerica’’sinformation-technologyboom.Andasthe21stcenturydawnsyetanotherwaveofimmigrantswillonceagainhelptransformtheeconomy. 46DuringthenextdecadeexceptingachangeingovernmentpolicynearlyamillionimmigrantsareexpectedtoarriveintheU.S.everyyearmostofwhombothlegalandillegalwillcontinuetocomefromLatinAmericaandSoutheastAsiabuteveryforeignlandwillberepresented. Asdomesticbirthratesstagnateonlyforeign-bornworkerwillkeepthelaborpoolgrowing.By2006infactimmigrantswillaccountforhalfofallnewU.S.workers;overthenext30yearstheirsharewillriseto60%. 47EvenatcurrentlevelsofimmigrationaccordingtotheLaborDept.thenumberofpeopleavailabletoworkwillincreasebyamere0.8%peryearbetween1996and2006-halftherateofthepreviousdecade.WithoutimmigrantsaccordingtoanewstudytheU.S.workforcewouldactuallybegintoshrinkby2015. 48It’’snotallaboutsheernumbersofcourse:ToliftproductivityandspurgrowthimmigrantsmustprovidecreativityentrepreneurialenergyorsimpleinitiativethatAmericacouldn’’tfindotherwise.IfallyoudidwasbringinpeoplewhoareexactlythesameasthosewehaveheretherewouldbenoeconomicbenefitsaysRandCorp.economistJamesP.SmithYou’’djusthavemorepeople. Justascrucialthearrayofeducationandskillsimmigrantsbringcouldfitneatlywiththesupplyofjobsoverthenextdecade.AccordingtoLindaLevineattheCongressionalResearchService60%ofthejobscreatedthrough2005willrequiresomepost-secondaryeducation.Butsheaddslow-skilljobswillstillrepresentabouthalfoftotalemployment.49Yetimmigrantsalsoare50%morelikelythanAmericanstohaveagraduatedegreeandanunbelievable23%ofU.S.residentsholdingPhDsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-bornaccordingtotheNationalScienceFoundation. Indeedforeign-bornworkershaveshownanextraordinaryabilitytoassimilateandflourish.Certainlysomelessskilledworkerswillremainatthebottomeconomicrungalltheirlives.50Yetotherswillcatchupquicklyandwithinadecadeoftheirarrivalthewell-educatedwillgofrommakingbarelyhalfthatofnative-bornAmericansincomparableworktonearly90%accordingtoarecentstudy. Thatofcoursewillraiseimmigrants’’livingstandards.Moreimportantitwillhelpdriveinnovationandentrepreneurshipkeyenginesofthe21stCenturyEconomy.
Vitaminsareorganiccompoundsnecessaryinsmallamountsinthedietforthenormalgrowthandmaintenanceoflifeofanimalsincludingman. Theydonotprovideenergy________dotheyconstructorbuildanypartofthebody.Theyareneededfor________foodsintoenergyandbodymaintenance.Therearethirteenormoreofthemandif________ismissingadeficiencydiseasebecomes________. Vitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelements―usuallycarbonhydrogenoxygenand______nitrogen.Theyaredifferent______theirelementsarearrangeddifferentlyandeachvitamin______oneormorespecificfunctionsinthebody. ________enoughvitaminsisessentialtolifealthoughthebodyhasnonutritionalusefor________vitamins.Manypeople________believeinbeingonthesafesideandthustakeextravitamins.Howeverawell-balanceddietwillusuallymeetallthebody’’svitaminneeds.
Toavoidthevariousfoolishopinionstowhichmankindisliablenosuperhumangeniusisrequired.Afewsimpleruleswillkeepyounotfromallerrorsbutfromsillyerrors. Ifthematterisonethatcanbesettledbyobservationmaketheobservationyourself.AristotlecouldhaveavoidedthemistakeofthinkingthatwomenhavefewerteeththanmenbythesimpledeviceofaskingMrs.Aristotletokeephermouthopenwhilehecounted.Hedidnotdosobecausehethoughtheknew.Thinkingthatyouknowwheninfactyoudon’’tisafatalmistaketowhichweareallliable. Manymattershoweverarelesseasilybroughttothetestofexperience.Iflikemostofmankindyouhavestrongconvictionsonmanysuchmatterstherearewaysinwhichyoucanmakeyourselfawareofyourownprejudice.Ifanopinioncontrarytoyourownmakesyouangrythatisasignthatyousubconsciouslyareawareofhavingnogoodreasonforthinkingasyoudo.IfsomeonemaintainsthattwoandtwoarefiveorthatIcelandisontheequatoryoufeelpityratherthanangerunlessyouknowsolittleofarithmeticorgeographythathisopinionshakesyourowncontraryconviction.Themostsavagecontroversiesarethoseaboutmattersastowhichthereisnogoodevidenceeitherway.Sowheneveryoufindyourselfgettingangryaboutadifferenceofopinionbeonyourguard;youwillprobablyfindonexaminationthatyourbeliefisgoingbeyondwhattheevidencejustifies. Forthosewhohaveenoughpsychologicalimaginationitisagoodplantoimagineanargumentwithapersonhavingadifferentopinion.Thishasoneadvantageandonlyoneascomparedwithactualconversationwithopponents;thisoneadvantageisthatthemethodisnotsubjecttothesamelimitationsoftimeandspace.MahatmaGandhi圣雄甘地considereditunfortunatetohaverailwaysandsteamboatsandmachinery;hewouldhavelikedtoundothewholeoftheindustrialrevolution.YoumayneverhaveanopportunityofactuallymeetinganyonewhoholdsthisopinionbecauseinWesterncountriesmostpeopletaketheadvantageofmoderntechnologyforgranted.ButifyouwanttomakesurethatyouarerightinagreeingwiththeprevailingopinionyouwillfinditagoodplantotesttheargumentsthatoccurtoyoubyconsideringwhatGandhimighthavesaidinrefutationofthem.Ihavesometimesbeenledactuallytochangemymindasaresultofthiskindofimaginarydialogue.FurthermoreIhavefrequentlyfoundmyselfgrowingmoreagreeablethroughrealizingthepossiblereasonablenessofahypotheticalopponent. TheexampleofAristotleisusedtoindicatethat
Theessentialweaknessoftheoldandtraditionaleducationwasnotjustthatitemphasizedthenecessityforprovisionofdefinitesubject-matterandactivities.Thesethingsarenecessitiesforanythingthatcanrightlybecallededucation.Theweaknessandevilwasthattheimaginationofeducatorsdidnotgobeyondprovisionofafixedandrigidenvironmentofsubject-matteronedrawnmoreoverfromsourcesaltogethertooremotefromtheexperiencesofthepupil.Whatisneededintheneweducationismoreattentionnotlesstosubject-matterandtoprogressintechnique.ButwhenIsaymoreIdonotmeanmoreinquantityofthesameoldkind.Imeananimaginativevisionwhichseesthatnoprescribedandready-madeschemecanpossiblydeterminetheexactsubject-matterthatwillbestpromotetheeducativegrowthofeveryindividualyoungperson;thateverynewindividualsetsanewproblem;thathecallsforatleastasomewhatdifferentemphasisinsubject-matterpresented.Thereisnothingmoreblindlystupidthantheconventionwhichsupposesthatthematteractuallycontainedintextbooksofarithmetichistorygeographyetc.isjustwhatwillfurthertheeducationaldevelopmentofallchildren. Butwithdrawalfromthehardandfastandnarrowcontentsoftheoldcurriculumisonlythenegativesideofthematter.Ifwedonotgofarinthepositivedirectionofprovidingabodyofsubject-mattermuchrichermorevariedandflexibleandalsointruthmoredefinitejudgedintermsoftheexperienceofthosebeingeducatedthantraditionaleducationsuppliedweshalltendtoleaveaneducationalvacuuminwhichanythingmayhappen.Completeisolationisimpossibleinnature.Theyoungliveinsomeenvironmentwhetherweintenditornotandthisenvironmentisconstantlyinteractingwithwhatchildrenandyouthbringtoit.andtheresultistheshapingoftheirinterestsmindsandcharacter―eithereducativelyormis-educatively.Iftheprofessededucatorgivesuphisresponsibilityforjudgingandselectingthekindofenvironmentthathisbestunderstandingleadshimtothinkwillbecontributivetogrowththentheyoungareleftatthemercyofalltheunorganizedandcasualforcesofthemodernsocialenvironmentthatinevitablyplayuponthemaslongastheylive.Intheeducativeenvironmenttheknowledgejudgmentandexperienceoftheteacherisagreaternotasmallerfactorthanitisinthetraditionalschool.Thedifferenceisthattheteacheroperatesnotasajudgesetonhighandmarkedbyarbitraryauthoritybutasafriendlyco-partnerandguideinacommonenterprise. Pupilsmaybewellguardedagainstiiisocialinfluencesaslongas
Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.ThinkofGallileo’s17th-centurytrialforhisrebellingbeliefbeforetheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliamBlake’’sharshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton.Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanitieshasifanythingdeepenedinthiscentury. Untilrecentlythescientificcommunitywassopowerfulthatitcouldaffordtoignoreitscriticsbutnolonger.AsfundingforsciencehasdeclinedscientistshaveattackedantiscienceinseveralbooksnotablyHigherSuperstitionbyPaulR.GrossabiologistattheUniversityofVirginiaandNormanLevittamathematicianatRutgersUniversity;andTheDemon-HauntedWorldbyCarlSaganofCornellUniversity. DefendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchasTheFlightfromScienceandReasonheldinNewYorkCityin1995andScienceintheAgeofMisinformationwhichassembledlastJunenearBuffalo. Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologistsphilosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedscience’’sobjectivity.Saganismoreconcernedwiththosewhobelieveinghostscreationismandotherphenomenathatcontradictthescientificworldview. Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheantisciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswellfromauthoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpoxvirustoRepublicanswhoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch. FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomberwhosemanifestopublishedin1995scornsscienceandlongsforreturntoapretechnologicalUtopia.ButsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareantiscienceasanessayinUSNews&WorldReportlastMayseemedtosuggest. Theenvironmentalistsinevitablyrespondtosuchcritics.ThetrueenemiesofsciencearguesPaulEhrtichofStanfordUniversityapioneerofenvironmentalstudiesarethosewhoquestiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarmingthedepletionoftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth. Indeedsomeobserversfearthattheantiscienceepithetisindangerofbecomingmeaningless.Theterm’’antiscience’’canlumptogethertoomanyquitedifferentthingsnotesHarvardUniversityphilosopherGeraldHoltoninhis1993workScienceandAnti-Science.Theyhaveincommononlyonethingthattheytendtoannoyorthreatenthosewhoregardthemselvesasmoreenlightened. Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage____________.
Vitaminsareorganiccompoundsnecessaryinsmallamountsinthedietforthenormalgrowthandmaintenanceoflifeofanimalsincludingman. Theydonotprovideenergy________dotheyconstructorbuildanypartofthebody.Theyareneededfor________foodsintoenergyandbodymaintenance.Therearethirteenormoreofthemandif________ismissingadeficiencydiseasebecomes________. Vitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelements―usuallycarbonhydrogenoxygenand______nitrogen.Theyaredifferent______theirelementsarearrangeddifferentlyandeachvitamin______oneormorespecificfunctionsinthebody. ________enoughvitaminsisessentialtolifealthoughthebodyhasnonutritionalusefor________vitamins.Manypeople________believeinbeingonthesafesideandthustakeextravitamins.Howeverawell-balanceddietwillusuallymeetallthebody’’svitaminneeds.
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40PointsText1Overthelastdecadedemandforthemostcommoncosmeticsurgeryprocedureslikebreastenlargementandnosejobshasincreasedbymorethan400percent.AccordingtoDr.DuiDaviesofthePlasticSurgeryPartnershipinHammersmiththemajorityofcosmeticsurgerypatientsarenotchasingphysicalperfection.Rathertheyaredriventofantasticlengthstoimprovetheirappearancebyadesiretolooknormal."Whatwealllongforistolooknormalandbeingnormaliswhatisprescribedbytheadvertisingmediaandotherexternalpressures.Theygiveusperceptionofwhatisphysicallyacceptableandwefeelwemustlooklikethat."InAmericathedebateisnolongeraboutwhethersurgeryisnormal;ratheritcentersonwhatagepeopleshouldbebeforegoingundertheknife.NewYorksurgeonDr.GerardImberrecommends"maintenance"workforpeopleintheirthirties."Theideathatwaitinguntiloneneedsaheroictransformationissilly"hesays."Bythenyou’vewasted20greatyearsofyourlifeandal-lowedthingstogetoutofhand."Dr.Imberredrawsthelineatoperatingonpeoplewhoareunder18however"Itseemsthatsomeonewedon’tconsideroldenoughtoorderadrinkshouldn’tbeconsideringplasticsurgery.IntheUKcosmeticsurgeryhaslongbeenseenastheexclusivedomainoftheveryrichandfamous.Buttheproportionalcostoftreatmenthasfallensubstantiallybringingallbutthemostadvancedlasertechnologywithinthereachofmostpeople.Dr.Daviewhoclaimsto"eaterfortheaverageperson"agrees.Hesays:"Itreatafewoftherichandfamousandanawfullotofsecretaries.Ofcourse￡3000foranoperationisalotofmoney.Butitisalsoaninvestmentforlifewhichcostsabouthalfthepriceofagoodfamilyholiday."Dr.Daviessuspectsthattheincreasingsophisticationofthefatinjectingandremovaltechniquesthatallowpatientstobetreatedwithalocalanestheticinanafternoonhasalsohelpedpromotethepopularityofcosmeticsurgery.Yetasonewomanwhorecentlypaid￡2500foranoperationtoremovecellulitefromherthighsadmittedtheslopetobecomingacosmeticsurgeryveteranisadeceptivelygentleone."Ihadmylegsdonebecausethey’dbeenbuggingmeforyears.Butgoingintotheclinicstimulatedmyappetite.NowIdon’tthinkthere’sanyoperationthatIwouldruleouthavingifIcouldaffordit." AccordingtoDr.GerardImberrepeopleshouldhavecosmeticsurgery
IsitpossiblethattheideaswehavetodayaboutownershipandpropertyrightshavebeensouniversalinthehumanmindthatitistrulyasiftheyhadsprungfromthemindofGodBynomeans.Theideaofowningandpropertyemergedinthemistsofunrecordedhistory.TheancientJewsforonehadaverydifferentoutlookonpropertyandownershipviewingitassomethingmuchmoretemporaryandtentativethanwedo. TheideaswehaveinAmericaabouttheprivateownershipofproductivepropertyasanaturalanduniversalrightofmankindperhapsofdivineoriginarebynomeansuniversalandmustbeviewedasaninventionofmanratherthanadecreeorderofGod.Ofcoursewearecompletelytrainedtoaccepttheideaofownershipoftheearthanditsproductsrawandtransformed.Itseemsnotatallstrange;infactitisquitedifficulttoimagineasocietywithoutsucharrangements.Ifsomeonesomeindividualdidn’’townthatplotoflandthathousethatfactorythatmachinethattowerofwheathowwouldwefunctionWhatwouldtherulesbeWhomwouldwebuyfromandhowwouldwesell Itisimportanttoacknowledgeasignificantdifferencebetweenachievingownershipsimplybytakingorclaimingpropertyandowningwhatwetendtocallthefruitoflabor.IfIaloneortogetherwithmyfamilyworkonthelandandraisecropsorifImakesomethingusefuloutofnaturalmaterialitseemsreasonableandfairtoclaimthatthecropsortheobjectsbelongtomeormyfamilyaremypropertyatleastinthesensethatIhavefirstclaimonthem.Hardlyanyonewoulddisputethat.Infactsomeoftheearlyradicalworkingmen’’smovementsmadeanownershipclaimonthoseverygrounds.AsindustrialorganizationbecamemorecomplexhoweversuchissuesbecamevastlymoreintricateItmustbeclearthatinmodernsocietythesocialheritageofknowledgeandtechnologyandthesocialorganizationofmanufactureandexchangeaccountforfarmoreoftheproductivityofindustryandthevalueofwhatisproducedthancanbeaccountedforbythelaborofanynumberofindividuals.HardlyanypersoncannowpointandsayThat--thatrightthere--isthefruitofmylabor.Wecansayasasocietyasanation--asaworldreally--thatwhatisproducedisthefruitofourlabortheproductofthewholesocietyasacollectivity. Wehavetorecognizethattherightofprivateindividualownershipofpropertyisman-madeandconstantlydependentontheextenttowhichthosewithoutpropertybelievethattheownercanmakehisclaimstick. Theauthordeemsprivateownershiptobe
热门题库
更多
高考生物
高考政治
高考历史
国家统考科目
香港法概论
反间谍法
__学
合同法
证据学
民事诉讼法学
民法学
刑法学
消费者权益保护法
法理学
竞争法
国际公法
湘公网安备 43130202000226号