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气虚证与气陷证的鉴别点在于有无
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脾气虚证与胃气虚证最有意义的鉴别要点是
是否面色萎黄
是否大便稀溏
有无少气懒言
是否舌淡脉弱
有无神疲肢倦
脾虚气陷证与脾阳虚证的鉴别依据有
有腹胀腹痛
有无食少便溏
是否形寒肢冷
有无脘腹重坠
气虚证和气陷证的鉴别要点在于有无
神疲乏力
内脏下垂
自汗
少气懒言
头晕目眩
气虚类证不包括的是
气陷证
气结证
气不固证
气虚证
气脱证
聚证与积证之鉴别要点在于
胀痛有无固定部位
结块是否固定不移
有无脘胁不适
有无腹痛
气虚证与气陷证的鉴别点在于有无
神疲乏力
头晕目眩
少气懒言
内脏下垂
鉴别脾气虚证与胃气虚证的主要依据是
是否面色萎黄
有无少气懒言
是否大便稀溏
有无神疲倦怠
是否舌淡脉弱
胃气虚证与脾气虚证的鉴别最有意义的症状是
有无少气懒言
是否大便稀溏
是否面色萎黄
有无神疲肢倦
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甲的父亲在一次车祸中丧生甲依法继承了其父的遗产引起遗产继承这一法律关系发生的法律事实是
新时期传统民间文学的特征发生了哪些变化
Text2Sincethedawnofhumaningenuitypeoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerousboringburdensomeorjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics-thescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefictiontheyhavebeguntocomeclose.Asaresultthemodemworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmof’robotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobot-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanicstherearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracy-fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutilitytheywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves-goalsthatposearealchallenge."Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror"saysDaveLaverymanagerofaroboticsprogramatNASA"Wecan’tyetgivearobotenoughcommonsensetoreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld."Indeedthequestfortreeartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2010researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.Whattheyfoundinattemptingtomodelthoughtisthatthehumanbrain’sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented-andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated-thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevantinstantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan’tapproachthatkindofabilityandneuroscientistsstilldon’tknowquitehowwedoit. Besidesreducinghumanlabor'robotscanalso
Text4TheSupremeCourt’sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplicationsforhowmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering.Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicidetheCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof"doubleeffect"acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects-agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen-ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect.Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphinetocontrolterminallyillpatients’paineventhoughincreasingdosageswilleventuallykillthepatient.NancyDublerdirectorofMontefioreMedicalCentercontendsthattheprinciplewillshielddoctorswho"untilnowhaveveryverystronglyinsistedthattheycouldnotgivepatientssufficientmediationlocontroltheirpainifthatmighthastendeath."GeorgeAnnaschairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversitymaintainsthataslongasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurposethedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath."It’slikesurgery"hesays."Wedon’tcallthosedeathshomicidesbecausethedoctorsdidn’tintendtokilltheirpatientsalthoughtheyriskedtheirdeath.Ifyou’reaphysicianyoucanriskyourpatient’ssuicideaslongasyoudon’tintendtheirsuicide."Onanotherlevelmanyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethattheassisted-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofpatientsforwhommodernmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying.JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourt’srulingonphysician-assistedsuicidetheNationalAcademyofScienceNASreleasedatwo-volumereportApproachingDeath:ImprovingCareattheEndofLife.Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseof"ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying"asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.TheprofessionistakingstepstorequireyoungdoctorstotraininhospitalstotestknowledgeofaggressivepainmanagementtherapiestodevelopaMedicarebillingcodeforhospital-basedcareandtodevelopnewstandardsforassessingandtreatingpainattheendoflife.Annassayslawyerscanplayakeyroleininsistingthatthesewell-meaningmedicalinitiativestranslateintobettercare."Largenumbersofphysiciansseemunconcernedwiththepaintheirpatientsareneedlesslyandpredictablysuffering"totheextentthatitconstitutes"systematicpatientabuse."Hesaysmedicallicensingboards"mustmakeitclear..thatpainfuldeathsarepresumptivelyonesthatareincompetentlymanagedandshouldresultinlicensesuspension." WhichofthefollowingbestdefinesthewordaggressiveLine2Pargraph7
写出下列作品所属民族创世纪梅葛密罗陀开天辟地
Text3CouldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturnSinceOPECagreedtosupply-cutsinMarchthepriceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost$26abarrelupfromlessthan$10lastDecember.Thisnear-triplingofoilpricescallsupseat9’memoriesofthe1973oilshockwhenpricesquadrupledand1979-1980whentheyalsoalmosttripled.Bothpreviousshocksresultedindouble-digitinflationandglobaleconomicdecline.SowherearetheheadlineswarningofgloomanddoomthistimeTheoilpricewasgivenanotherpushupthisweekwhenIraqsuspendedoilexports.Strengtheningeconomicgrowthatthesametimeaswintergripsthenorthernhemispherecouldpushthepricehigherstillintheshortterm.Yettherearegoodreasonstoexpecttheeconomicconsequencesnowtobelessseverethaninthe1970s.Inmostcountriesthecostofcrudeoilnowaccountsforasmallershareofthepriceofpetrolthanitdidinthe1970s.InEuropetaxesaccountforuptofour-fifthsoftheretailpricesoevenquitebigchangesinthepriceofcrudehaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthaninthepast.Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywereandsolesssensitivetoswingsintheoilprice.Energyconservationashifttootherfuelsandadeclineintheimportanceofheavyenergy-intensiveindustrieshavereducedoilconsumption.Softwareconsultancyandmobiletelephonesusefarlessoilthansteelorcarproduction.ForeachdollarofGDPinconstantpricesricheconomiesnowusenearly50%lessoilthanin1973.TheOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomicOutlookthatitoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyearcomparedwith$13in1998thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbyonly0.25-0.5%ofGDP.Thatislessthanone-quarteroftheincomelossin1974or1980.Ontheotherhandoil-importingemergingeconomies-towhichheavyindustryhasshifted-havebecomemoreenergy-intensiveandsocouldbemoreseriouslysqueezed.Onemorereasonnottolosesleepovertheriseinoilpricesisthatunliketherisesinthe1970sithasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneralcommodity-priceinflationandglobalexcessdemand.Asizableportionoftheworldisonlyjustemergingfromeconomicdecline.TheEconomist’scommoditypriceindexisbroadlyunchangingfromayearago.In1973commoditypricesjumpedby70%andin1979byalmost30%. Fromthetextwecanseethatthewriterseems
PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEETⅡ.Almostallourmajorproblemsinvolvehumanbehaviorandtheycannotbesolvedbyphysicalandbiologicaltechnologyalone.Whatisneededisatechnologyofbehaviorbutwehavebeenslowtodevelopthesciencefromwhichsuchatechnologymightbedrawn.61Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmindfeelingstraitsofcharacterhumannatureandsoon.Physicsandbiologyoncefollowedsimilarpracticesandadvancedonlywhentheydiscardedthem.62Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.Theenvironmentisobviouslyimportantbutitsrolehasremainedobscure.Itdoesnotpushorpullitselectsandthisfunctionisdifficulttodiscoverandanalyze.63Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulatedonlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsagoandtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehavioroftheindividualisonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.Astheinteractionbetweenorganismandenvironmenthascometobeunderstoodhowevereffectsonceassignedtostatesofmindfeelingsandtraitsarebeginningtobetracedtoaccessibleconditionsandatechnologyofbehaviormaythereforebecomeavailable.Itwillnotsolveourproblemshoweveruntilitreplacestraditionalprescientificviewsandthesearestronglyentrenched.Freedomanddignityillustratethedifficulty.64Theyarethepossessionsoftheautonomousself-governingmanoftraditionaltheoryandtheyareessentialtopracticesinwhichapersonisheldresponsibleforhisconductandgivencreditforhisachievements.Ascientificanalysisshiftsboththeresponsibilityandtheachievementtotheenvironment.Italsoraisesquestionsconcerning"values."Whowilluseatechnologyandtowhatends65Untiltheseissuesareresolvedatechnologyofbehaviorwillcontinuetoberejected.andwithitpossiblytheonlywaytosolveourproblems. Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulatedonlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsagoandtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehavioroftheindividualisonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied
Text3CouldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturnSinceOPECagreedtosupply-cutsinMarchthepriceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost$26abarrelupfromlessthan$10lastDecember.Thisnear-triplingofoilpricescallsupseat9’memoriesofthe1973oilshockwhenpricesquadrupledand1979-1980whentheyalsoalmosttripled.Bothpreviousshocksresultedindouble-digitinflationandglobaleconomicdecline.SowherearetheheadlineswarningofgloomanddoomthistimeTheoilpricewasgivenanotherpushupthisweekwhenIraqsuspendedoilexports.Strengtheningeconomicgrowthatthesametimeaswintergripsthenorthernhemispherecouldpushthepricehigherstillintheshortterm.Yettherearegoodreasonstoexpecttheeconomicconsequencesnowtobelessseverethaninthe1970s.Inmostcountriesthecostofcrudeoilnowaccountsforasmallershareofthepriceofpetrolthanitdidinthe1970s.InEuropetaxesaccountforuptofour-fifthsoftheretailpricesoevenquitebigchangesinthepriceofcrudehaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthaninthepast.Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywereandsolesssensitivetoswingsintheoilprice.Energyconservationashifttootherfuelsandadeclineintheimportanceofheavyenergy-intensiveindustrieshavereducedoilconsumption.Softwareconsultancyandmobiletelephonesusefarlessoilthansteelorcarproduction.ForeachdollarofGDPinconstantpricesricheconomiesnowusenearly50%lessoilthanin1973.TheOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomicOutlookthatitoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyearcomparedwith$13in1998thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbyonly0.25-0.5%ofGDP.Thatislessthanone-quarteroftheincomelossin1974or1980.Ontheotherhandoil-importingemergingeconomies-towhichheavyindustryhasshifted-havebecomemoreenergy-intensiveandsocouldbemoreseriouslysqueezed.Onemorereasonnottolosesleepovertheriseinoilpricesisthatunliketherisesinthe1970sithasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneralcommodity-priceinflationandglobalexcessdemand.Asizableportionoftheworldisonlyjustemergingfromeconomicdecline.TheEconomist’scommoditypriceindexisbroadlyunchangingfromayearago.In1973commoditypricesjumpedby70%andin1979byalmost30%. Themainreasonforthelatestriseofoilpriceis
太阳神话学派的代表人物是流传学派的代表人物是
仙话
SectionⅢReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyouranswerson4NSWERSHEETI.Text1Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmileyoumustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressingtheproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagersyoumayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretariesyoumaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.HereisanexamplewhichIheardatanurses’conventionof’astorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodationsbeautifulgardenssunnyweatherandsoon.Everyoneisverypeacefulpoliteandfriendlyuntilwaitinginalineforlunchthenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoatwhorashestotheheadofthelinegrabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself."Whoisthat"thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter."Ohthat’sGod"camethereply"butsometimeshethinkshe’sadoctor."Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressingyouwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoall-ofyouandit’llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman’snotoriousbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustn’tattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman~YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorousyoumustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.Oftenit’sthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmilesospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.Lookforthehumor.Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected.Atwistonafamiliarquote"Ifatfirstyoudon’tsucceedgiveup"oraplayonwordsoronasituation.Searchforexaggerationandunderstatements.Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturnaboutandinjectwithhumor. Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices
罗马法复兴时期出现的以研究和恢复罗马法为核心的法学流派是
维护和保障立法活动合法性的法的制定原则是
阅读以下两则指纹螺铲歌谈谈你对民间文学变异性的认识指纹螺铲歌二则一螺精指为人机灵二螺饱言不愁吃喝三螺没米咬言穷得没饭吃四螺吃生水芋头生水芋头价贱五螺唔死六螺愁指这两种人都一生坎坷七螺七个仓仓指谷仓八螺八眼塘塘指鱼塘九螺足足上山装谷以上三句言生活富裕十螺齐齐上山装泥指此人一生劳碌却一无所获一螺穷二螺富二螺开档铺四螺担水磨豆腐五螺平平过六螺摁老婆七螺谷满仓八螺看牛上山岗九螺九头鸟十螺十粪箕有钱无人知
SectionⅠListeningComprehensionSectionⅡUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEETⅠ.Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappened21Aswasdiscussedbeforeitwasnot22the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic23followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthe24oftheperiodical.Itwasduringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolution25upbeginningwithtransporttherailwayandleading26throughthetelegraphthetelephoneradioandmotionpictures27the20th-centuryworldofthemotorcarandtheairplane]Noteveryoneseesthatprocessin28.Itisimportanttodoso.Itisgenerallyrecognized29thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury30bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960sradicallychangedtheprocess31itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately32.Astimewentbycomputersbecamesmallerandmorepowerfulandtheybecame"personal"tooaswellas33withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorage34increasing.Theywerethoughtoflikepeople35generationswiththedistancebetweengenerationsmuch36.Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterm"informationsociety"begantobewidelyusedtodescribethe37withinwhichwenowlive.Thecommunicationsrevolutionhas38bothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplaceandtimebuttherehavebeen39viewaboutitseconomicpoliticalsocialandculturalimplications."Benefits"havebeenweighed40"harmful"outcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.35
PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEETⅡ.Almostallourmajorproblemsinvolvehumanbehaviorandtheycannotbesolvedbyphysicalandbiologicaltechnologyalone.Whatisneededisatechnologyofbehaviorbutwehavebeenslowtodevelopthesciencefromwhichsuchatechnologymightbedrawn.61Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmindfeelingstraitsofcharacterhumannatureandsoon.Physicsandbiologyoncefollowedsimilarpracticesandadvancedonlywhentheydiscardedthem.62Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.Theenvironmentisobviouslyimportantbutitsrolehasremainedobscure.Itdoesnotpushorpullitselectsandthisfunctionisdifficulttodiscoverandanalyze.63Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulatedonlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsagoandtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehavioroftheindividualisonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.Astheinteractionbetweenorganismandenvironmenthascometobeunderstoodhowevereffectsonceassignedtostatesofmindfeelingsandtraitsarebeginningtobetracedtoaccessibleconditionsandatechnologyofbehaviormaythereforebecomeavailable.Itwillnotsolveourproblemshoweveruntilitreplacestraditionalprescientificviewsandthesearestronglyentrenched.Freedomanddignityillustratethedifficulty.64Theyarethepossessionsoftheautonomousself-governingmanoftraditionaltheoryandtheyareessentialtopracticesinwhichapersonisheldresponsibleforhisconductandgivencreditforhisachievements.Ascientificanalysisshiftsboththeresponsibilityandtheachievementtotheenvironment.Italsoraisesquestionsconcerning"values."Whowilluseatechnologyandtowhatends65Untiltheseissuesareresolvedatechnologyofbehaviorwillcontinuetoberejected.andwithitpossiblytheonlywaytosolveourproblems. Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmindfeelingstraitsofcharacterhumannatureandsoon.
SectionⅢReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyouranswerson4NSWERSHEETI.Text1Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmileyoumustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressingtheproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagersyoumayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretariesyoumaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.HereisanexamplewhichIheardatanurses’conventionof’astorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodationsbeautifulgardenssunnyweatherandsoon.Everyoneisverypeacefulpoliteandfriendlyuntilwaitinginalineforlunchthenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoatwhorashestotheheadofthelinegrabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself."Whoisthat"thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter."Ohthat’sGod"camethereply"butsometimeshethinkshe’sadoctor."Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressingyouwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoall-ofyouandit’llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman’snotoriousbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustn’tattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman~YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorousyoumustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.Oftenit’sthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmilesospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.Lookforthehumor.Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected.Atwistonafamiliarquote"Ifatfirstyoudon’tsucceedgiveup"oraplayonwordsoronasituation.Searchforexaggerationandunderstatements.Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturnaboutandinjectwithhumor. Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe
现代社会不仅需要法律这种社会规范而且还需要道德习俗等其他社会规范这表明
AT分类法将故事分为.
SectionⅢReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyouranswerson4NSWERSHEETI.Text1Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmileyoumustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressingtheproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagersyoumayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretariesyoumaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.HereisanexamplewhichIheardatanurses’conventionof’astorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodationsbeautifulgardenssunnyweatherandsoon.Everyoneisverypeacefulpoliteandfriendlyuntilwaitinginalineforlunchthenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoatwhorashestotheheadofthelinegrabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself."Whoisthat"thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter."Ohthat’sGod"camethereply"butsometimeshethinkshe’sadoctor."Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressingyouwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoall-ofyouandit’llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman’snotoriousbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustn’tattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman~YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorousyoumustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.Oftenit’sthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmilesospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.Lookforthehumor.Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected.Atwistonafamiliarquote"Ifatfirstyoudon’tsucceedgiveup"oraplayonwordsoronasituation.Searchforexaggerationandunderstatements.Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturnaboutandinjectwithhumor. Tomakeyourhumorworkyoushould
人文神话
历史地理学派的主要观点是什么
Text3CouldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturnSinceOPECagreedtosupply-cutsinMarchthepriceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost$26abarrelupfromlessthan$10lastDecember.Thisnear-triplingofoilpricescallsupseat9’memoriesofthe1973oilshockwhenpricesquadrupledand1979-1980whentheyalsoalmosttripled.Bothpreviousshocksresultedindouble-digitinflationandglobaleconomicdecline.SowherearetheheadlineswarningofgloomanddoomthistimeTheoilpricewasgivenanotherpushupthisweekwhenIraqsuspendedoilexports.Strengtheningeconomicgrowthatthesametimeaswintergripsthenorthernhemispherecouldpushthepricehigherstillintheshortterm.Yettherearegoodreasonstoexpecttheeconomicconsequencesnowtobelessseverethaninthe1970s.Inmostcountriesthecostofcrudeoilnowaccountsforasmallershareofthepriceofpetrolthanitdidinthe1970s.InEuropetaxesaccountforuptofour-fifthsoftheretailpricesoevenquitebigchangesinthepriceofcrudehaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthaninthepast.Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywereandsolesssensitivetoswingsintheoilprice.Energyconservationashifttootherfuelsandadeclineintheimportanceofheavyenergy-intensiveindustrieshavereducedoilconsumption.Softwareconsultancyandmobiletelephonesusefarlessoilthansteelorcarproduction.ForeachdollarofGDPinconstantpricesricheconomiesnowusenearly50%lessoilthanin1973.TheOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomicOutlookthatitoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyearcomparedwith$13in1998thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbyonly0.25-0.5%ofGDP.Thatislessthanone-quarteroftheincomelossin1974or1980.Ontheotherhandoil-importingemergingeconomies-towhichheavyindustryhasshifted-havebecomemoreenergy-intensiveandsocouldbemoreseriouslysqueezed.Onemorereasonnottolosesleepovertheriseinoilpricesisthatunliketherisesinthe1970sithasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneralcommodity-priceinflationandglobalexcessdemand.Asizableportionoftheworldisonlyjustemergingfromeconomicdecline.TheEconomist’scommoditypriceindexisbroadlyunchangingfromayearago.In1973commoditypricesjumpedby70%andin1979byalmost30%. TheestimatesinEconomicOutlookshowthatinrichCountries
Text4TheSupremeCourt’sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplicationsforhowmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering.Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicidetheCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof"doubleeffect"acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects-agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen-ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect.Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphinetocontrolterminallyillpatients’paineventhoughincreasingdosageswilleventuallykillthepatient.NancyDublerdirectorofMontefioreMedicalCentercontendsthattheprinciplewillshielddoctorswho"untilnowhaveveryverystronglyinsistedthattheycouldnotgivepatientssufficientmediationlocontroltheirpainifthatmighthastendeath."GeorgeAnnaschairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversitymaintainsthataslongasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurposethedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath."It’slikesurgery"hesays."Wedon’tcallthosedeathshomicidesbecausethedoctorsdidn’tintendtokilltheirpatientsalthoughtheyriskedtheirdeath.Ifyou’reaphysicianyoucanriskyourpatient’ssuicideaslongasyoudon’tintendtheirsuicide."Onanotherlevelmanyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethattheassisted-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofpatientsforwhommodernmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying.JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourt’srulingonphysician-assistedsuicidetheNationalAcademyofScienceNASreleasedatwo-volumereportApproachingDeath:ImprovingCareattheEndofLife.Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseof"ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying"asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.TheprofessionistakingstepstorequireyoungdoctorstotraininhospitalstotestknowledgeofaggressivepainmanagementtherapiestodevelopaMedicarebillingcodeforhospital-basedcareandtodevelopnewstandardsforassessingandtreatingpainattheendoflife.Annassayslawyerscanplayakeyroleininsistingthatthesewell-meaningmedicalinitiativestranslateintobettercare."Largenumbersofphysiciansseemunconcernedwiththepaintheirpatientsareneedlesslyandpredictablysuffering"totheextentthatitconstitutes"systematicpatientabuse."Hesaysmedicallicensingboards"mustmakeitclear..thatpainfuldeathsarepresumptivelyonesthatareincompetentlymanagedandshouldresultinlicensesuspension." Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext
SectionⅠListeningComprehensionSectionⅡUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEETⅠ.Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappened21Aswasdiscussedbeforeitwasnot22the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic23followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthe24oftheperiodical.Itwasduringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolution25upbeginningwithtransporttherailwayandleading26throughthetelegraphthetelephoneradioandmotionpictures27the20th-centuryworldofthemotorcarandtheairplane]Noteveryoneseesthatprocessin28.Itisimportanttodoso.Itisgenerallyrecognized29thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury30bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960sradicallychangedtheprocess31itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately32.Astimewentbycomputersbecamesmallerandmorepowerfulandtheybecame"personal"tooaswellas33withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorage34increasing.Theywerethoughtoflikepeople35generationswiththedistancebetweengenerationsmuch36.Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterm"informationsociety"begantobewidelyusedtodescribethe37withinwhichwenowlive.Thecommunicationsrevolutionhas38bothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplaceandtimebuttherehavebeen39viewaboutitseconomicpoliticalsocialandculturalimplications."Benefits"havebeenweighed40"harmful"outcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.37
日本学者柳田国男提出用以研究民间故事中反复出现的那些情节认为距离文化发达的城市越远方言和民俗也就保存得越多
记载我国神话的古籍主要有和
PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEETⅡ.Almostallourmajorproblemsinvolvehumanbehaviorandtheycannotbesolvedbyphysicalandbiologicaltechnologyalone.Whatisneededisatechnologyofbehaviorbutwehavebeenslowtodevelopthesciencefromwhichsuchatechnologymightbedrawn.61Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmindfeelingstraitsofcharacterhumannatureandsoon.Physicsandbiologyoncefollowedsimilarpracticesandadvancedonlywhentheydiscardedthem.62Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.Theenvironmentisobviouslyimportantbutitsrolehasremainedobscure.Itdoesnotpushorpullitselectsandthisfunctionisdifficulttodiscoverandanalyze.63Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulatedonlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsagoandtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehavioroftheindividualisonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.Astheinteractionbetweenorganismandenvironmenthascometobeunderstoodhowevereffectsonceassignedtostatesofmindfeelingsandtraitsarebeginningtobetracedtoaccessibleconditionsandatechnologyofbehaviormaythereforebecomeavailable.Itwillnotsolveourproblemshoweveruntilitreplacestraditionalprescientificviewsandthesearestronglyentrenched.Freedomanddignityillustratethedifficulty.64Theyarethepossessionsoftheautonomousself-governingmanoftraditionaltheoryandtheyareessentialtopracticesinwhichapersonisheldresponsibleforhisconductandgivencreditforhisachievements.Ascientificanalysisshiftsboththeresponsibilityandtheachievementtotheenvironment.Italsoraisesquestionsconcerning"values."Whowilluseatechnologyandtowhatends65Untiltheseissuesareresolvedatechnologyofbehaviorwillcontinuetoberejected.andwithitpossiblytheonlywaytosolveourproblems. Untiltheseissuesareresolvedatechnologyofbehaviorwillcontinuetoberejected.andwithitpossiblytheonlywaytosolveourproblems.
Text2Sincethedawnofhumaningenuitypeoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerousboringburdensomeorjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics-thescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefictiontheyhavebeguntocomeclose.Asaresultthemodemworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmof’robotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobot-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanicstherearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracy-fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutilitytheywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves-goalsthatposearealchallenge."Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror"saysDaveLaverymanagerofaroboticsprogramatNASA"Wecan’tyetgivearobotenoughcommonsensetoreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld."Indeedthequestfortreeartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2010researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.Whattheyfoundinattemptingtomodelthoughtisthatthehumanbrain’sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented-andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated-thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevantinstantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan’tapproachthatkindofabilityandneuroscientistsstilldon’tknowquitehowwedoit. ThewordgizmosLine1Paragraph2mostprobablymeans
SectionⅠListeningComprehensionSectionⅡUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEETⅠ.Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappened21Aswasdiscussedbeforeitwasnot22the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic23followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthe24oftheperiodical.Itwasduringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolution25upbeginningwithtransporttherailwayandleading26throughthetelegraphthetelephoneradioandmotionpictures27the20th-centuryworldofthemotorcarandtheairplane]Noteveryoneseesthatprocessin28.Itisimportanttodoso.Itisgenerallyrecognized29thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury30bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960sradicallychangedtheprocess31itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately32.Astimewentbycomputersbecamesmallerandmorepowerfulandtheybecame"personal"tooaswellas33withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorage34increasing.Theywerethoughtoflikepeople35generationswiththedistancebetweengenerationsmuch36.Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterm"informationsociety"begantobewidelyusedtodescribethe37withinwhichwenowlive.Thecommunicationsrevolutionhas38bothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplaceandtimebuttherehavebeen39viewaboutitseconomicpoliticalsocialandculturalimplications."Benefits"havebeenweighed40"harmful"outcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.39
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