首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置：
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
瓦尔拉斯定律意味着（）。
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
国家统考科目《单选题》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
均衡价格论是由提出的
马歇尔
希克斯
亚当·斯密
瓦尔拉
产业关联理论的创始人是
瓦尔拉斯
斯威奇
帕西内蒂
里昂惕夫
瓦尔拉斯的一般均衡论的主要内容是什么
简述瓦尔拉斯一般均衡的三个基本假设.
简述瓦尔拉斯的一般均衡理论主要内容
瓦尔拉斯均衡定律要求超额需求函数本身为零
简述瓦尔拉斯的一般均衡理论
试对瓦尔拉斯一般均衡论的主要内容加以评论
一般均衡分析方法的代表人物是
亚当·斯密
希克斯
马歇尔
瓦尔拉
瓦尔拉斯均衡
列昂惕夫对瓦尔拉斯一般均衡模型做了那几方面的简化
磁路定律和电路定律在形式上的相似意味着二者的物理本质是一样的
瓦尔拉斯的一般均衡模型成功证明了一般均衡的存在性
均衡价格论事由提出的
亚当•斯密
L•瓦尔拉
A•马歇尔
希克斯
数理学派在19世纪70年代的主要代表是
杰文斯、瓦尔拉斯
瓦尔拉斯、威克斯蒂德
杰文斯、威克斯蒂德
威克斯蒂德、维克塞尔
均衡价格论是由提出的
L·瓦尔拉
A·马歇尔
亚当·斯密
希克斯
局部均衡分析方法的代表人物是
希克斯
马歇尔
亚当·斯密
瓦尔拉
磁路定律和电路定律在形式上的相似意味着二者的特理本质是一样的
经济社会通过资源的重新配置使得某些人的境况得到改善而没有使任何人的 境况恶化这种状态称之为
帕累托最优
帕累托增进
瓦尔拉斯均衡
非瓦尔拉斯均衡
热门试题
更多
Itookthemedicine10minutesagobutthebitternessisstill______inmymouth.
Whilethere’sneveragoodagetoget cancerpeopleintheir20sand30scanfeelparticularlyisolated.Theaverage ageofacancerpatientatdiagnosisis67.Childrenwithcanceroftenare treatedatpediatric小儿科的cancercentersbutyoungadultshaveatoughtime findingpeersoftensittingside-by-sideduringtreatmentswithpeoplewho couldbetheirgrandparents.InhernewbookCrazySexyCancer TipswriterKrisCarrlooksatcancerfromtheperspectiveofayoungadultwho confrontsdeathjustasshe’sdiscoveringlife.Ms.Carrwas31whenshewas diagnosedwitharareformofcancerthathadgeneratedtumorsonherliverand lungs.Ms.Carrreactedwiththenormalfeelingsofshockand sadness.Shecalledherparentsandstockeduponorganicfooddeterminedto becomeafull-timehealingaddict.Thenshepickedupthephoneandcalled everyoneinheraddressbookaskingiftheyknewotheryoungwomenwithcancer. Theresultwasherownpersonalcancerposse:arockconcerttourmanagera modelafashionmagazineeditoracartoonistandaMTVcelebritytonamea few.Thisclubofcancerbabesofferedsupportadviceandfashiontipsamong otherthings.Ms.Carrputhercancerexperienceinarecent LearningChanneldocumentaryandshehaswrittenapracticalguideabouthow shecoped.Cancerisn’tfunnybutMs.Carroftenis.Sheswearsshemakesup namesforthepeoplewhotreatherDr.FabulousandDr.Guruandsheeven makessecondopinionssoundfuncancerroadtripsshecallsthem. Sheleavesthemedicaladvicetodoctorsinsteadofferinginsightfuland practicaltipsthatreflecttheworldviewofayoungadult.Irefusedtolet cancerruinmypartyshewrites.Therearejusttoomanycoolthingstodo andplanandlivefor.Ms.Carrstillhascancerbutithas stoppedprogressing.Hercancertipsincludeusingtime-savingmasse-mailsto keepfriendsinformedsewingorbuyingfashionablehospitalgownssoyou’renot stuckwithregulationblueorgrayandplayingGloriaGaynor’sIWillSurvive soloudyourneighborscallthepolice.Ms.Carralsoadvisesaneyebrowwaxand anewoutfitbeforeyontelltheimportantpeopleinyourlifeaboutyour illness.Peopleyoutellaregoingtocautiouslyandnotsocautiouslytryto seethecancersodazzletheminsteadwithyourmiracleshewrites. Whileheradvicemaysoundsuperficialitgetstotheheartofwhatevery cancerpatientwants:thechancetolivelifejustasshealwaysdidandmaybe better.ThephrasecancerposseLine4Para.3probablyrefersto______.
In1999thepriceofoilhovered around＄16abarrel.By2008ithad21the＄100abarrel mark.Thereasonsforthesurge22fromthedramatic growthoftheeconomiesofChinaandIndiatowidespread23 inoil-producingregionsincludingIraqandNigeria’sdeltaregion. Triple-digitoilpriceshave24theeconomicandpolitical mapoftheworld25someoldnotionsofpower.Oil-rich nationsareenjoyinghistoricgainsandopportunities26 majorimporters—includingChinaandIndiahometoathirdoftheworld’s population—27risingeconomicandsocialcosts. Managingthisneworderisfastbecomingacentral28 ofglobalpolitics.Countriesthatneedoilareclawingateachother to29scarcesuppliesandarewillingtodealwithany government30howunpleasanttodoit. Inmanypoornationswithoiltheprofitsarebeinglosttocorruption 31thesecountriesoftheirbesthopefordevelopment.And oilisfuelingenormousinvestmentfundsrunbyforeigngovernments 32someintheWestseeasanewthreat. CountrieslikeRussiaVenezuelaandIranarewellsuppliedwithrising oil33achangereflectedinnewlyaggressiveforeign policies.Butsomeunexpectedcountriesarereapingbenefits34 costsfromhigherprices.ConsiderGermany.35 itimportsvirtuallyallitsoilithasprosperedfromextensivetradewitha boomingRussiaandtheMiddleEast.GermanexportstoRussia36 128percentfrom2001to2006.IntheUnitedStates asalreadyhighgaspricesrose37higherinthespringof 2008theissuecroppedupinthepresidentialcampaignwithSenatorsMcCain andObama38forafederalgastaxholidayduringthepeak summerdrivingmonths.Anddrivinghabitsbeganto39as salesofsmallcarsjumpedandmasstransportsystems40 thecountryreportedasharpincreaseinriders.
为何红绿色盲的患者中男性比女性多而在抗维生素D佝偻病一种显性伴性遗传病的患者中女性比男性多
Whilethere’sneveragoodagetoget cancerpeopleintheir20sand30scanfeelparticularlyisolated.Theaverage ageofacancerpatientatdiagnosisis67.Childrenwithcanceroftenare treatedatpediatric小儿科的cancercentersbutyoungadultshaveatoughtime findingpeersoftensittingside-by-sideduringtreatmentswithpeoplewho couldbetheirgrandparents.InhernewbookCrazySexyCancer TipswriterKrisCarrlooksatcancerfromtheperspectiveofayoungadultwho confrontsdeathjustasshe’sdiscoveringlife.Ms.Carrwas31whenshewas diagnosedwitharareformofcancerthathadgeneratedtumorsonherliverand lungs.Ms.Carrreactedwiththenormalfeelingsofshockand sadness.Shecalledherparentsandstockeduponorganicfooddeterminedto becomeafull-timehealingaddict.Thenshepickedupthephoneandcalled everyoneinheraddressbookaskingiftheyknewotheryoungwomenwithcancer. Theresultwasherownpersonalcancerposse:arockconcerttourmanagera modelafashionmagazineeditoracartoonistandaMTVcelebritytonamea few.Thisclubofcancerbabesofferedsupportadviceandfashiontipsamong otherthings.Ms.Carrputhercancerexperienceinarecent LearningChanneldocumentaryandshehaswrittenapracticalguideabouthow shecoped.Cancerisn’tfunnybutMs.Carroftenis.Sheswearsshemakesup namesforthepeoplewhotreatherDr.FabulousandDr.Guruandsheeven makessecondopinionssoundfuncancerroadtripsshecallsthem. Sheleavesthemedicaladvicetodoctorsinsteadofferinginsightfuland practicaltipsthatreflecttheworldviewofayoungadult.Irefusedtolet cancerruinmypartyshewrites.Therearejusttoomanycoolthingstodo andplanandlivefor.Ms.Carrstillhascancerbutithas stoppedprogressing.Hercancertipsincludeusingtime-savingmasse-mailsto keepfriendsinformedsewingorbuyingfashionablehospitalgownssoyou’renot stuckwithregulationblueorgrayandplayingGloriaGaynor’sIWillSurvive soloudyourneighborscallthepolice.Ms.Carralsoadvisesaneyebrowwaxand anewoutfitbeforeyontelltheimportantpeopleinyourlifeaboutyour illness.Peopleyoutellaregoingtocautiouslyandnotsocautiouslytryto seethecancersodazzletheminsteadwithyourmiracleshewrites. Whileheradvicemaysoundsuperficialitgetstotheheartofwhatevery cancerpatientwants:thechancetolivelifejustasshealwaysdidandmaybe better.FromKrisCarr’scancertipswemayinferthat
WorkingfarawayfromhomeJerryhadto______fromdowntowntohisofficeeveryday.
In1999thepriceofoilhovered around＄16abarrel.By2008ithad21the＄100abarrel mark.Thereasonsforthesurge22fromthedramatic growthoftheeconomiesofChinaandIndiatowidespread23 inoil-producingregionsincludingIraqandNigeria’sdeltaregion. Triple-digitoilpriceshave24theeconomicandpolitical mapoftheworld25someoldnotionsofpower.Oil-rich nationsareenjoyinghistoricgainsandopportunities26 majorimporters—includingChinaandIndiahometoathirdoftheworld’s population—27risingeconomicandsocialcosts. Managingthisneworderisfastbecomingacentral28 ofglobalpolitics.Countriesthatneedoilareclawingateachother to29scarcesuppliesandarewillingtodealwithany government30howunpleasanttodoit. Inmanypoornationswithoiltheprofitsarebeinglosttocorruption 31thesecountriesoftheirbesthopefordevelopment.And oilisfuelingenormousinvestmentfundsrunbyforeigngovernments 32someintheWestseeasanewthreat. CountrieslikeRussiaVenezuelaandIranarewellsuppliedwithrising oil33achangereflectedinnewlyaggressiveforeign policies.Butsomeunexpectedcountriesarereapingbenefits34 costsfromhigherprices.ConsiderGermany.35 itimportsvirtuallyallitsoilithasprosperedfromextensivetradewitha boomingRussiaandtheMiddleEast.GermanexportstoRussia36 128percentfrom2001to2006.IntheUnitedStates asalreadyhighgaspricesrose37higherinthespringof 2008theissuecroppedupinthepresidentialcampaignwithSenatorsMcCain andObama38forafederalgastaxholidayduringthepeak summerdrivingmonths.Anddrivinghabitsbeganto39as salesofsmallcarsjumpedandmasstransportsystems40 thecountryreportedasharpincreaseinriders.
杂交稻是利用哪些遗传学理论和技术培育出来的简述杂交水稻研究和利用的现状
Atfirst______thefamouspaintingdoesn'timpresstheaudienceatall.
HenricIbsenauthoroftheplayA Doll’sHouseinwhichaprettyhelplesshousewifeabandonsherhusbandand childrentoseekamoreseriouslifewouldsurelyhaveapproved.FromJanuary 1st2008allpubliccompaniesinNorwayareobligedtoensurethatatleast 40%oftheirboarddirectorsarewomen.Mostfirmshaveobeyedthelawwhich waspassedin2003.Butabout75outofthe480orsocompaniesitaffectsare stilltoomaleforthegovernment’sliking.Theywillshortlyreceivealetter informingthemthattheyhaveuntiltheendofFebruarytoactorfacethe legalconsequences—whichcouldincludebeingdissolved.Before thelawwasproposedabout7%ofboardmembersinNorwaywerefemaleaccording totheCentreforCorporateDiversity.Thenumberhassincejumpedto36%.That isfarhigherthantheaverageof9%forbigcompaniesacrossEuropeor America’s15%fortheFortune500.Norway’sstockexchangeanditsmainbusiness lobbyopposethelawasdomanybusinessmen.Iamagainstquotasforwomenor menasamatterofprinciplesaysSverreMunckheadofinternational operationsatamediafirm.Boardmembersofpubliccompaniesshouldbechosen solelyonthebasisofmeritandexperiencehesays.Severalfirmshaveeven givenuptheirpublicstatusinordertoescapethenewlaw. Companieshavehadtorecruitabout1000womeninfouryears.Many complainthatithasbeendifficulttofindexperiencedcandidates.Becauseof thissomeofthebestwomenhavecollectedasmanyas25-35directorshipseach andareknowninNorwegianbusinesscirclesasthegoldenskirts.Onereason forthescarcityisthattherearefairlyfewwomeninmanagementinNorwegian companies—theyoccupyaround15%ofseniorpositions.Ithasbeenparticularly hardforfirmsintheoiltechnologyandfinancialindustriestofindwomen withenoughexperience.Somepeopleworrythattheirrelative lackofexperiencemaykeepwomenquietonboardsandthatinturncouldmean thatboardsmightbecomelessabletoholdmanagerstoaccount.Recenthistory inNorwayhoweversuggeststhattherightwomencanmakestrongdirectors. WomenfeelmorecompelledthanmentodotheirhomeworksaysMsReksten SkaugenwhowasvotedNorway’schairmanoftheyearfor2007andwecan affordtoaskthehardquestionsbecausewomenarenotalwaysexpectedtoknow theanswers.Theauthorattributesthephenomenonofgoldenskirtsto______.
In1999thepriceofoilhovered around＄16abarrel.By2008ithad21the＄100abarrel mark.Thereasonsforthesurge22fromthedramatic growthoftheeconomiesofChinaandIndiatowidespread23 inoil-producingregionsincludingIraqandNigeria’sdeltaregion. Triple-digitoilpriceshave24theeconomicandpolitical mapoftheworld25someoldnotionsofpower.Oil-rich nationsareenjoyinghistoricgainsandopportunities26 majorimporters—includingChinaandIndiahometoathirdoftheworld’s population—27risingeconomicandsocialcosts. Managingthisneworderisfastbecomingacentral28 ofglobalpolitics.Countriesthatneedoilareclawingateachother to29scarcesuppliesandarewillingtodealwithany government30howunpleasanttodoit. Inmanypoornationswithoiltheprofitsarebeinglosttocorruption 31thesecountriesoftheirbesthopefordevelopment.And oilisfuelingenormousinvestmentfundsrunbyforeigngovernments 32someintheWestseeasanewthreat. CountrieslikeRussiaVenezuelaandIranarewellsuppliedwithrising oil33achangereflectedinnewlyaggressiveforeign policies.Butsomeunexpectedcountriesarereapingbenefits34 costsfromhigherprices.ConsiderGermany.35 itimportsvirtuallyallitsoilithasprosperedfromextensivetradewitha boomingRussiaandtheMiddleEast.GermanexportstoRussia36 128percentfrom2001to2006.IntheUnitedStates asalreadyhighgaspricesrose37higherinthespringof 2008theissuecroppedupinthepresidentialcampaignwithSenatorsMcCain andObama38forafederalgastaxholidayduringthepeak summerdrivingmonths.Anddrivinghabitsbeganto39as salesofsmallcarsjumpedandmasstransportsystems40 thecountryreportedasharpincreaseinriders.
In1999thepriceofoilhovered around＄16abarrel.By2008ithad21the＄100abarrel mark.Thereasonsforthesurge22fromthedramatic growthoftheeconomiesofChinaandIndiatowidespread23 inoil-producingregionsincludingIraqandNigeria’sdeltaregion. Triple-digitoilpriceshave24theeconomicandpolitical mapoftheworld25someoldnotionsofpower.Oil-rich nationsareenjoyinghistoricgainsandopportunities26 majorimporters—includingChinaandIndiahometoathirdoftheworld’s population—27risingeconomicandsocialcosts. Managingthisneworderisfastbecomingacentral28 ofglobalpolitics.Countriesthatneedoilareclawingateachother to29scarcesuppliesandarewillingtodealwithany government30howunpleasanttodoit. Inmanypoornationswithoiltheprofitsarebeinglosttocorruption 31thesecountriesoftheirbesthopefordevelopment.And oilisfuelingenormousinvestmentfundsrunbyforeigngovernments 32someintheWestseeasanewthreat. CountrieslikeRussiaVenezuelaandIranarewellsuppliedwithrising oil33achangereflectedinnewlyaggressiveforeign policies.Butsomeunexpectedcountriesarereapingbenefits34 costsfromhigherprices.ConsiderGermany.35 itimportsvirtuallyallitsoilithasprosperedfromextensivetradewitha boomingRussiaandtheMiddleEast.GermanexportstoRussia36 128percentfrom2001to2006.IntheUnitedStates asalreadyhighgaspricesrose37higherinthespringof 2008theissuecroppedupinthepresidentialcampaignwithSenatorsMcCain andObama38forafederalgastaxholidayduringthepeak summerdrivingmonths.Anddrivinghabitsbeganto39as salesofsmallcarsjumpedandmasstransportsystems40 thecountryreportedasharpincreaseinriders.
In1999thepriceofoilhovered around＄16abarrel.By2008ithad21the＄100abarrel mark.Thereasonsforthesurge22fromthedramatic growthoftheeconomiesofChinaandIndiatowidespread23 inoil-producingregionsincludingIraqandNigeria’sdeltaregion. Triple-digitoilpriceshave24theeconomicandpolitical mapoftheworld25someoldnotionsofpower.Oil-rich nationsareenjoyinghistoricgainsandopportunities26 majorimporters—includingChinaandIndiahometoathirdoftheworld’s population—27risingeconomicandsocialcosts. Managingthisneworderisfastbecomingacentral28 ofglobalpolitics.Countriesthatneedoilareclawingateachother to29scarcesuppliesandarewillingtodealwithany government30howunpleasanttodoit. Inmanypoornationswithoiltheprofitsarebeinglosttocorruption 31thesecountriesoftheirbesthopefordevelopment.And oilisfuelingenormousinvestmentfundsrunbyforeigngovernments 32someintheWestseeasanewthreat. CountrieslikeRussiaVenezuelaandIranarewellsuppliedwithrising oil33achangereflectedinnewlyaggressiveforeign policies.Butsomeunexpectedcountriesarereapingbenefits34 costsfromhigherprices.ConsiderGermany.35 itimportsvirtuallyallitsoilithasprosperedfromextensivetradewitha boomingRussiaandtheMiddleEast.GermanexportstoRussia36 128percentfrom2001to2006.IntheUnitedStates asalreadyhighgaspricesrose37higherinthespringof 2008theissuecroppedupinthepresidentialcampaignwithSenatorsMcCain andObama38forafederalgastaxholidayduringthepeak summerdrivingmonths.Anddrivinghabitsbeganto39as salesofsmallcarsjumpedandmasstransportsystems40 thecountryreportedasharpincreaseinriders.
Jenniferhasneverreally______herson'sdeath.It'sveryhardtoacceptthefactthatshe'llneverhaveachild.
Whilethere’sneveragoodagetoget cancerpeopleintheir20sand30scanfeelparticularlyisolated.Theaverage ageofacancerpatientatdiagnosisis67.Childrenwithcanceroftenare treatedatpediatric小儿科的cancercentersbutyoungadultshaveatoughtime findingpeersoftensittingside-by-sideduringtreatmentswithpeoplewho couldbetheirgrandparents.InhernewbookCrazySexyCancer TipswriterKrisCarrlooksatcancerfromtheperspectiveofayoungadultwho confrontsdeathjustasshe’sdiscoveringlife.Ms.Carrwas31whenshewas diagnosedwitharareformofcancerthathadgeneratedtumorsonherliverand lungs.Ms.Carrreactedwiththenormalfeelingsofshockand sadness.Shecalledherparentsandstockeduponorganicfooddeterminedto becomeafull-timehealingaddict.Thenshepickedupthephoneandcalled everyoneinheraddressbookaskingiftheyknewotheryoungwomenwithcancer. Theresultwasherownpersonalcancerposse:arockconcerttourmanagera modelafashionmagazineeditoracartoonistandaMTVcelebritytonamea few.Thisclubofcancerbabesofferedsupportadviceandfashiontipsamong otherthings.Ms.Carrputhercancerexperienceinarecent LearningChanneldocumentaryandshehaswrittenapracticalguideabouthow shecoped.Cancerisn’tfunnybutMs.Carroftenis.Sheswearsshemakesup namesforthepeoplewhotreatherDr.FabulousandDr.Guruandsheeven makessecondopinionssoundfuncancerroadtripsshecallsthem. Sheleavesthemedicaladvicetodoctorsinsteadofferinginsightfuland practicaltipsthatreflecttheworldviewofayoungadult.Irefusedtolet cancerruinmypartyshewrites.Therearejusttoomanycoolthingstodo andplanandlivefor.Ms.Carrstillhascancerbutithas stoppedprogressing.Hercancertipsincludeusingtime-savingmasse-mailsto keepfriendsinformedsewingorbuyingfashionablehospitalgownssoyou’renot stuckwithregulationblueorgrayandplayingGloriaGaynor’sIWillSurvive soloudyourneighborscallthepolice.Ms.Carralsoadvisesaneyebrowwaxand anewoutfitbeforeyontelltheimportantpeopleinyourlifeaboutyour illness.Peopleyoutellaregoingtocautiouslyandnotsocautiouslytryto seethecancersodazzletheminsteadwithyourmiracleshewrites. Whileheradvicemaysoundsuperficialitgetstotheheartofwhatevery cancerpatientwants:thechancetolivelifejustasshealwaysdidandmaybe better.Whichofthefollowinggroupsismorevulnerabletocancer
Theeldestson______allthefamilymemberstodiscusshowtocelebratethe50thweddinganniversaryoftheirparents.
In1999thepriceofoilhovered around＄16abarrel.By2008ithad21the＄100abarrel mark.Thereasonsforthesurge22fromthedramatic growthoftheeconomiesofChinaandIndiatowidespread23 inoil-producingregionsincludingIraqandNigeria’sdeltaregion. Triple-digitoilpriceshave24theeconomicandpolitical mapoftheworld25someoldnotionsofpower.Oil-rich nationsareenjoyinghistoricgainsandopportunities26 majorimporters—includingChinaandIndiahometoathirdoftheworld’s population—27risingeconomicandsocialcosts. Managingthisneworderisfastbecomingacentral28 ofglobalpolitics.Countriesthatneedoilareclawingateachother to29scarcesuppliesandarewillingtodealwithany government30howunpleasanttodoit. Inmanypoornationswithoiltheprofitsarebeinglosttocorruption 31thesecountriesoftheirbesthopefordevelopment.And oilisfuelingenormousinvestmentfundsrunbyforeigngovernments 32someintheWestseeasanewthreat. CountrieslikeRussiaVenezuelaandIranarewellsuppliedwithrising oil33achangereflectedinnewlyaggressiveforeign policies.Butsomeunexpectedcountriesarereapingbenefits34 costsfromhigherprices.ConsiderGermany.35 itimportsvirtuallyallitsoilithasprosperedfromextensivetradewitha boomingRussiaandtheMiddleEast.GermanexportstoRussia36 128percentfrom2001to2006.IntheUnitedStates asalreadyhighgaspricesrose37higherinthespringof 2008theissuecroppedupinthepresidentialcampaignwithSenatorsMcCain andObama38forafederalgastaxholidayduringthepeak summerdrivingmonths.Anddrivinghabitsbeganto39as salesofsmallcarsjumpedandmasstransportsystems40 thecountryreportedasharpincreaseinriders.
Asanoutstandingscholarhehasbecome______totheresearchteam.
In1999thepriceofoilhovered around＄16abarrel.By2008ithad21the＄100abarrel mark.Thereasonsforthesurge22fromthedramatic growthoftheeconomiesofChinaandIndiatowidespread23 inoil-producingregionsincludingIraqandNigeria’sdeltaregion. Triple-digitoilpriceshave24theeconomicandpolitical mapoftheworld25someoldnotionsofpower.Oil-rich nationsareenjoyinghistoricgainsandopportunities26 majorimporters—includingChinaandIndiahometoathirdoftheworld’s population—27risingeconomicandsocialcosts. Managingthisneworderisfastbecomingacentral28 ofglobalpolitics.Countriesthatneedoilareclawingateachother to29scarcesuppliesandarewillingtodealwithany government30howunpleasanttodoit. Inmanypoornationswithoiltheprofitsarebeinglosttocorruption 31thesecountriesoftheirbesthopefordevelopment.And oilisfuelingenormousinvestmentfundsrunbyforeigngovernments 32someintheWestseeasanewthreat. CountrieslikeRussiaVenezuelaandIranarewellsuppliedwithrising oil33achangereflectedinnewlyaggressiveforeign policies.Butsomeunexpectedcountriesarereapingbenefits34 costsfromhigherprices.ConsiderGermany.35 itimportsvirtuallyallitsoilithasprosperedfromextensivetradewitha boomingRussiaandtheMiddleEast.GermanexportstoRussia36 128percentfrom2001to2006.IntheUnitedStates asalreadyhighgaspricesrose37higherinthespringof 2008theissuecroppedupinthepresidentialcampaignwithSenatorsMcCain andObama38forafederalgastaxholidayduringthepeak summerdrivingmonths.Anddrivinghabitsbeganto39as salesofsmallcarsjumpedandmasstransportsystems40 thecountryreportedasharpincreaseinriders.
Shouldaleaderstrivetobelovedor fearedThisquestionfamouslyposedbyMachiavelliliesattheheartof JosephNye’snewbook.Mr.NyeaformerdeanoftheKennedySchoolof GovernmentatHarvardandone-timechairmanofAmerica’sNationalIntelligence Councilisbestknownforpromotingtheideaofsoftpowerbasedon persuasionandinfluenceasacounterpointtohardpowerbasedoncoercion 强迫andforce.Havinganalyzedtheuseofsoftandhardpower inpoliticsanddiplomacyinhispreviousbooksMr.Nyehasnowturnedhis attentiontotherelationshipbetweenpowerandleadershipinboththe politicalandbusinessspheres.Machiavellihenotesconcludedthatoneought tobebothfearedandlovedbutasitisdifficultforthetwotogotogether itismuchsafertobefearedthanloved.Inshorthardpowerispreferableto softpower.Butmodernleadershiptheoristshavecometotheopposite conclusion.Thecontextofleadershipischangingtheyobserve andthehistoricalemphasisonhardpowerisbecomingoutdated.Inmodern companiesanddemocraciespowerisincreasinglydiffusedandtraditional hierarchies等级制arebeingunderminedmakingsoftpowerevermoreimportant. ButthatdoesnotmeancoercionshouldnowtakeabackseattopersuasionMr. Nyeargues.Insteadheadvocatesasynthesisofthesetwoviews.Theconclusion ofThePowerstoLeadhissurveyofthetheoryofleadershipisthata combinationofhardandsoftpowerwhichhecallssmartpoweristhebest approach.Thedominanttheoreticalmodelofleadershipatthe momentisapparentlythetransformationalleadershippattern.Anyone allergic反感tomanagementtermwillalreadyberunningfortheexitbutMr. Nyehasperformedavaluableserviceinroundingupandsummarizingthevarious academicstudiesandtheoriesofleadershipintoasingleslimvolume.He examinesdifferentapproachestoleadershipthemoralityofleadershipandhow thewidercontextcandeterminetheeffectivenessofaparticularleader.There areplentyofanecdotesandexamplesbothhistoricalandcontemporary politicalandcorporate.Alasleadershipisaslipperysubject andashedepictsvarioustheoriesevenMr.Nyeneverquitenailsthejellyto thewall.Heisathismostinterestingwhendiscussingthemoralaspectsof leadership—inparticularthequestionofwhetheritissometimesnecessaryfor goodleaderstolie—andheprovidesahelpful12-pointsummaryofhis conclusions.Arecurringthemeisthatascircumstanceschangedifferentsorts ofleadersarerequired;aleaderwhothrivesinoneenvironmentmaystrugglein anotherandviceversa.Ultimatelythatisjustafancywayofsayingthat leadershipoffersnoeasyanswers.WhichofthefollowingmakessoftpowermoreimportanttodayaccordingtoMr.Nye
In1999thepriceofoilhovered around＄16abarrel.By2008ithad21the＄100abarrel mark.Thereasonsforthesurge22fromthedramatic growthoftheeconomiesofChinaandIndiatowidespread23 inoil-producingregionsincludingIraqandNigeria’sdeltaregion. Triple-digitoilpriceshave24theeconomicandpolitical mapoftheworld25someoldnotionsofpower.Oil-rich nationsareenjoyinghistoricgainsandopportunities26 majorimporters—includingChinaandIndiahometoathirdoftheworld’s population—27risingeconomicandsocialcosts. Managingthisneworderisfastbecomingacentral28 ofglobalpolitics.Countriesthatneedoilareclawingateachother to29scarcesuppliesandarewillingtodealwithany government30howunpleasanttodoit. Inmanypoornationswithoiltheprofitsarebeinglosttocorruption 31thesecountriesoftheirbesthopefordevelopment.And oilisfuelingenormousinvestmentfundsrunbyforeigngovernments 32someintheWestseeasanewthreat. CountrieslikeRussiaVenezuelaandIranarewellsuppliedwithrising oil33achangereflectedinnewlyaggressiveforeign policies.Butsomeunexpectedcountriesarereapingbenefits34 costsfromhigherprices.ConsiderGermany.35 itimportsvirtuallyallitsoilithasprosperedfromextensivetradewitha boomingRussiaandtheMiddleEast.GermanexportstoRussia36 128percentfrom2001to2006.IntheUnitedStates asalreadyhighgaspricesrose37higherinthespringof 2008theissuecroppedupinthepresidentialcampaignwithSenatorsMcCain andObama38forafederalgastaxholidayduringthepeak summerdrivingmonths.Anddrivinghabitsbeganto39as salesofsmallcarsjumpedandmasstransportsystems40 thecountryreportedasharpincreaseinriders.
HenricIbsenauthoroftheplayA Doll’sHouseinwhichaprettyhelplesshousewifeabandonsherhusbandand childrentoseekamoreseriouslifewouldsurelyhaveapproved.FromJanuary 1st2008allpubliccompaniesinNorwayareobligedtoensurethatatleast 40%oftheirboarddirectorsarewomen.Mostfirmshaveobeyedthelawwhich waspassedin2003.Butabout75outofthe480orsocompaniesitaffectsare stilltoomaleforthegovernment’sliking.Theywillshortlyreceivealetter informingthemthattheyhaveuntiltheendofFebruarytoactorfacethe legalconsequences—whichcouldincludebeingdissolved.Before thelawwasproposedabout7%ofboardmembersinNorwaywerefemaleaccording totheCentreforCorporateDiversity.Thenumberhassincejumpedto36%.That isfarhigherthantheaverageof9%forbigcompaniesacrossEuropeor America’s15%fortheFortune500.Norway’sstockexchangeanditsmainbusiness lobbyopposethelawasdomanybusinessmen.Iamagainstquotasforwomenor menasamatterofprinciplesaysSverreMunckheadofinternational operationsatamediafirm.Boardmembersofpubliccompaniesshouldbechosen solelyonthebasisofmeritandexperiencehesays.Severalfirmshaveeven givenuptheirpublicstatusinordertoescapethenewlaw. Companieshavehadtorecruitabout1000womeninfouryears.Many complainthatithasbeendifficulttofindexperiencedcandidates.Becauseof thissomeofthebestwomenhavecollectedasmanyas25-35directorshipseach andareknowninNorwegianbusinesscirclesasthegoldenskirts.Onereason forthescarcityisthattherearefairlyfewwomeninmanagementinNorwegian companies—theyoccupyaround15%ofseniorpositions.Ithasbeenparticularly hardforfirmsintheoiltechnologyandfinancialindustriestofindwomen withenoughexperience.Somepeopleworrythattheirrelative lackofexperiencemaykeepwomenquietonboardsandthatinturncouldmean thatboardsmightbecomelessabletoholdmanagerstoaccount.Recenthistory inNorwayhoweversuggeststhattherightwomencanmakestrongdirectors. WomenfeelmorecompelledthanmentodotheirhomeworksaysMsReksten SkaugenwhowasvotedNorway’schairmanoftheyearfor2007andwecan affordtoaskthehardquestionsbecausewomenarenotalwaysexpectedtoknow theanswers.Apubliccompanythatfailstoobeythenewlawcouldbeforcedto______.
Itisunimaginableforsomeoneinsuchahigh______inthegovernmenttobehavesobadlyinpublic.
In1999thepriceofoilhovered around＄16abarrel.By2008ithad21the＄100abarrel mark.Thereasonsforthesurge22fromthedramatic growthoftheeconomiesofChinaandIndiatowidespread23 inoil-producingregionsincludingIraqandNigeria’sdeltaregion. Triple-digitoilpriceshave24theeconomicandpolitical mapoftheworld25someoldnotionsofpower.Oil-rich nationsareenjoyinghistoricgainsandopportunities26 majorimporters—includingChinaandIndiahometoathirdoftheworld’s population—27risingeconomicandsocialcosts. Managingthisneworderisfastbecomingacentral28 ofglobalpolitics.Countriesthatneedoilareclawingateachother to29scarcesuppliesandarewillingtodealwithany government30howunpleasanttodoit. Inmanypoornationswithoiltheprofitsarebeinglosttocorruption 31thesecountriesoftheirbesthopefordevelopment.And oilisfuelingenormousinvestmentfundsrunbyforeigngovernments 32someintheWestseeasanewthreat. CountrieslikeRussiaVenezuelaandIranarewellsuppliedwithrising oil33achangereflectedinnewlyaggressiveforeign policies.Butsomeunexpectedcountriesarereapingbenefits34 costsfromhigherprices.ConsiderGermany.35 itimportsvirtuallyallitsoilithasprosperedfromextensivetradewitha boomingRussiaandtheMiddleEast.GermanexportstoRussia36 128percentfrom2001to2006.IntheUnitedStates asalreadyhighgaspricesrose37higherinthespringof 2008theissuecroppedupinthepresidentialcampaignwithSenatorsMcCain andObama38forafederalgastaxholidayduringthepeak summerdrivingmonths.Anddrivinghabitsbeganto39as salesofsmallcarsjumpedandmasstransportsystems40 thecountryreportedasharpincreaseinriders.
Johnwasveryupsetbecausehewas______bythepolicewithbreakingthelaw.
In1999thepriceofoilhovered around＄16abarrel.By2008ithad21the＄100abarrel mark.Thereasonsforthesurge22fromthedramatic growthoftheeconomiesofChinaandIndiatowidespread23 inoil-producingregionsincludingIraqandNigeria’sdeltaregion. Triple-digitoilpriceshave24theeconomicandpolitical mapoftheworld25someoldnotionsofpower.Oil-rich nationsareenjoyinghistoricgainsandopportunities26 majorimporters—includingChinaandIndiahometoathirdoftheworld’s population—27risingeconomicandsocialcosts. Managingthisneworderisfastbecomingacentral28 ofglobalpolitics.Countriesthatneedoilareclawingateachother to29scarcesuppliesandarewillingtodealwithany government30howunpleasanttodoit. Inmanypoornationswithoiltheprofitsarebeinglosttocorruption 31thesecountriesoftheirbesthopefordevelopment.And oilisfuelingenormousinvestmentfundsrunbyforeigngovernments 32someintheWestseeasanewthreat. CountrieslikeRussiaVenezuelaandIranarewellsuppliedwithrising oil33achangereflectedinnewlyaggressiveforeign policies.Butsomeunexpectedcountriesarereapingbenefits34 costsfromhigherprices.ConsiderGermany.35 itimportsvirtuallyallitsoilithasprosperedfromextensivetradewitha boomingRussiaandtheMiddleEast.GermanexportstoRussia36 128percentfrom2001to2006.IntheUnitedStates asalreadyhighgaspricesrose37higherinthespringof 2008theissuecroppedupinthepresidentialcampaignwithSenatorsMcCain andObama38forafederalgastaxholidayduringthepeak summerdrivingmonths.Anddrivinghabitsbeganto39as salesofsmallcarsjumpedandmasstransportsystems40 thecountryreportedasharpincreaseinriders.
Shouldaleaderstrivetobelovedor fearedThisquestionfamouslyposedbyMachiavelliliesattheheartof JosephNye’snewbook.Mr.NyeaformerdeanoftheKennedySchoolof GovernmentatHarvardandone-timechairmanofAmerica’sNationalIntelligence Councilisbestknownforpromotingtheideaofsoftpowerbasedon persuasionandinfluenceasacounterpointtohardpowerbasedoncoercion 强迫andforce.Havinganalyzedtheuseofsoftandhardpower inpoliticsanddiplomacyinhispreviousbooksMr.Nyehasnowturnedhis attentiontotherelationshipbetweenpowerandleadershipinboththe politicalandbusinessspheres.Machiavellihenotesconcludedthatoneought tobebothfearedandlovedbutasitisdifficultforthetwotogotogether itismuchsafertobefearedthanloved.Inshorthardpowerispreferableto softpower.Butmodernleadershiptheoristshavecometotheopposite conclusion.Thecontextofleadershipischangingtheyobserve andthehistoricalemphasisonhardpowerisbecomingoutdated.Inmodern companiesanddemocraciespowerisincreasinglydiffusedandtraditional hierarchies等级制arebeingunderminedmakingsoftpowerevermoreimportant. ButthatdoesnotmeancoercionshouldnowtakeabackseattopersuasionMr. Nyeargues.Insteadheadvocatesasynthesisofthesetwoviews.Theconclusion ofThePowerstoLeadhissurveyofthetheoryofleadershipisthata combinationofhardandsoftpowerwhichhecallssmartpoweristhebest approach.Thedominanttheoreticalmodelofleadershipatthe momentisapparentlythetransformationalleadershippattern.Anyone allergic反感tomanagementtermwillalreadyberunningfortheexitbutMr. Nyehasperformedavaluableserviceinroundingupandsummarizingthevarious academicstudiesandtheoriesofleadershipintoasingleslimvolume.He examinesdifferentapproachestoleadershipthemoralityofleadershipandhow thewidercontextcandeterminetheeffectivenessofaparticularleader.There areplentyofanecdotesandexamplesbothhistoricalandcontemporary politicalandcorporate.Alasleadershipisaslipperysubject andashedepictsvarioustheoriesevenMr.Nyeneverquitenailsthejellyto thewall.Heisathismostinterestingwhendiscussingthemoralaspectsof leadership—inparticularthequestionofwhetheritissometimesnecessaryfor goodleaderstolie—andheprovidesahelpful12-pointsummaryofhis conclusions.Arecurringthemeisthatascircumstanceschangedifferentsorts ofleadersarerequired;aleaderwhothrivesinoneenvironmentmaystrugglein anotherandviceversa.Ultimatelythatisjustafancywayofsayingthat leadershipoffersnoeasyanswers.Mr.Nye’sbookisparticularlyvaluableinthatit______.
Mymotherisalightsleeper______toanysoundevenaslowasthehummingofamosquito
Whenapsychologistdoesageneralexperimentaboutthehumanmindheselectspeople______andasksthemquestions.
用基因型Aabb的玉米植株的花粉给基因型为aaBb的玉米植株授粉根据胚乳的基因型将籽粒分类预期将形成哪些类型的籽粒它们的比例如何
热门题库
更多
高考生物
高考政治
高考历史
国家统考科目
香港法概论
反间谍法
__学
合同法
证据学
民事诉讼法学
民法学
刑法学
消费者权益保护法
法理学
竞争法
国际公法
湘公网安备 43130202000226号