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简述研究地理教学方法的意义。
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组织方法是形成地理教学方法结构的核心与基础
地理教学方法
贯彻广泛应用地理感性材料这一地理教学原则可以运用多种直观教学方法这些方法中不包括下列哪些
地图教学方法
实物教学方法
实验教学方法
语言直观方法
目前阶段地理教育学的研究对象是
地理教学方法与技巧
地理知识的系统性
地理教学过程
地理教育系统
贯彻广泛应用地理感性材料这一地理教学原则可以运用多种直观教学方法这些方法不包括下列
地图教学方法
实物教学方法
实验教学方法
语言直观方法
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C AmongvariousprogrammesTVtalkshowshavecoveredeveryinchofspaceon daytimetelevision.Andanyonewhowatchesthemregularlyknowsthateachoneis differentinstyle风格.Butnotwoshowsaremoreoppositeincontentwhileatthesame timestandingoutabovetherestthantheJerrySpringerandtheOprahWinfreyshows. JerrySpringercouldeasilybeconsideredthekingofrubbishtalk.Thecontentsonhis showareassurprisingascanbe.Forexampletheshowtakestheever-commontalk showtitlesoflovesexcheatingandhatetoadifferentlevel.ClearlytheJerrySpringer showisaboutthedarksideofsocietyyetpeoplearewillingtoeatupthetroublesofother people‘slives. LikeJerrySpringerOprahWinfreytakesTVtalkshowtoitstopbutOprahgoesinthe oppositedirection.Theshowismainlyabouttheimprovementofsocietyanddifferent qualityoflife.Contentsarefromteachingyourchildrenlessonsmanagingyourworkweek togettingtoknowyourneighbors. ComparedtoOprahtheJerrySpringershowlookslikepoisonouswastebeingpoured intosociety.Jerryendseveryshowwithafinalword.Hemakesasmallspeechaboutthe entireideaoftheshow.Hopefullythisisthepartwheremostpeoplewilllearnsomething veryvaluable. CleanasitistheOprahshowisnotforeveryone.Theshow‘smainviewersare middleclassAmericans.Mostofthesepeoplehavethetimemoneyandabilitytodealwith life‘stougherproblems.JerrySpringerontheotherhandhasmoreofaconnectionwith theyoungadultsofsociety.Theseare18-to-21-year-oldswhosemaintroublesinlife includeloverelationshipsexmoneyanddrug.Theyaretheoneswhoseesomevalue andlessonstobelearnedthroughtheshow‘sexploitation. Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatthetwotalkshows_______.
Thecomputersmadebyourcompanysellbestbutseveralyearsagonoonecould haveimaginedtheroleinthemarketsthatthey________.
InthedaysofSamuelClemensbetterknownasMarkTwainlifeonasteamboatontheMississippiRiverwas41.Oneofthemostexciting42ofthatperiodwasarac43twoofthefastestriverboats. TheNatchezhadsteameduptheriverfromNewOrleanstoSt.Louisinthreedaystwenty-onehoursandfifty-eightminutes.JohnCannon44oftheRobertE.Leefeltsurethathecould45thistimeandchallengedthecaptainoftheNatchez.46hisboatlightCaptainCannon47nopassengers48;hedidnot49theusualgoods.Moreoverhehadcrewswithsuppliesofcoalwaitingonfloatsalongtheriversothattheboatwouldnothavetoputittoshorefor50. TheracebeganonJune301870.BeinglighterthantheNatcheztheLeejumpedintoanearlylead.Forthreedaystheracecontinued51theboatstravellingatfullsteam.Theywere52eachotherthewholetime53shortspaceswhenbendsintheriverhidoneortheotherfromview. ThenonlyafewhoursfromitsgoaltheNatchez54arockandranaground搁浅. TheLeesteamedproudlyintoSt.LouisinexactlythreedayseighteenhoursandthirtyminutesaftershehadleftNewOrleans.Bellrangandpeoplecalled55theboatnamedafterthegeneral56asanarmyengineerhadpreventedtheriverfromchangingitscourseandSt.Louis57becominganinlandtown.TheLee58agoodrecord---onethatbroughthonortoallrivermen.Howeverthegreatdayoftheriversteamerswasdrawingto59.The60wonthepassengerandgoodsbusinessfromtheriverboats. Thereareboatsontherivertoday.ButtheyarenotthewhitebirdsthatattractedyoungSamuelClemens.
1.DriverWanted 1Cleandrivinglicense. 2Mustbeofsmartappearance. 3Agedover25. Applyto:CapesTaxis17PalaceRoadBoston. parking.2.AirHostessesforInternationalFlightsWanted 1Applicantsmustbebetween20and33yearsold. 2Height1.6mto1.75m. 3EducationtoGCSEstandard. 4Twolanguages.Mustbeabletoswim.Applyto:RecruitmentofficeSouthernAirlineHeathrowAirportWest.HR37KK 3.TeacherNeededForprivatelanguageschool.Teachingexperienceunnecessary. Applyto:TheDirectorofStudiesInstantLanguageLtd279CanalStreetBoston. WhatpreventsMaryaged25becominganairhostessforinternationalflights
—Carlgotowashthedishes. —Why_______Jackisdoingnothingoverthere.
InthedaysofSamuelClemensbetterknownasMarkTwainlifeonasteamboatontheMississippiRiverwas41.Oneofthemostexciting42ofthatperiodwasarac43twoofthefastestriverboats. TheNatchezhadsteameduptheriverfromNewOrleanstoSt.Louisinthreedaystwenty-onehoursandfifty-eightminutes.JohnCannon44oftheRobertE.Leefeltsurethathecould45thistimeandchallengedthecaptainoftheNatchez.46hisboatlightCaptainCannon47nopassengers48;hedidnot49theusualgoods.Moreoverhehadcrewswithsuppliesofcoalwaitingonfloatsalongtheriversothattheboatwouldnothavetoputittoshorefor50. TheracebeganonJune301870.BeinglighterthantheNatcheztheLeejumpedintoanearlylead.Forthreedaystheracecontinued51theboatstravellingatfullsteam.Theywere52eachotherthewholetime53shortspaceswhenbendsintheriverhidoneortheotherfromview. ThenonlyafewhoursfromitsgoaltheNatchez54arockandranaground搁浅. TheLeesteamedproudlyintoSt.LouisinexactlythreedayseighteenhoursandthirtyminutesaftershehadleftNewOrleans.Bellrangandpeoplecalled55theboatnamedafterthegeneral56asanarmyengineerhadpreventedtheriverfromchangingitscourseandSt.Louis57becominganinlandtown.TheLee58agoodrecord---onethatbroughthonortoallrivermen.Howeverthegreatdayoftheriversteamerswasdrawingto59.The60wonthepassengerandgoodsbusinessfromtheriverboats. Thereareboatsontherivertoday.ButtheyarenotthewhitebirdsthatattractedyoungSamuelClemens.
InthedaysofSamuelClemensbetterknownasMarkTwainlifeonasteamboatontheMississippiRiverwas41.Oneofthemostexciting42ofthatperiodwasarac43twoofthefastestriverboats. TheNatchezhadsteameduptheriverfromNewOrleanstoSt.Louisinthreedaystwenty-onehoursandfifty-eightminutes.JohnCannon44oftheRobertE.Leefeltsurethathecould45thistimeandchallengedthecaptainoftheNatchez.46hisboatlightCaptainCannon47nopassengers48;hedidnot49theusualgoods.Moreoverhehadcrewswithsuppliesofcoalwaitingonfloatsalongtheriversothattheboatwouldnothavetoputittoshorefor50. TheracebeganonJune301870.BeinglighterthantheNatcheztheLeejumpedintoanearlylead.Forthreedaystheracecontinued51theboatstravellingatfullsteam.Theywere52eachotherthewholetime53shortspaceswhenbendsintheriverhidoneortheotherfromview. ThenonlyafewhoursfromitsgoaltheNatchez54arockandranaground搁浅. TheLeesteamedproudlyintoSt.LouisinexactlythreedayseighteenhoursandthirtyminutesaftershehadleftNewOrleans.Bellrangandpeoplecalled55theboatnamedafterthegeneral56asanarmyengineerhadpreventedtheriverfromchangingitscourseandSt.Louis57becominganinlandtown.TheLee58agoodrecord---onethatbroughthonortoallrivermen.Howeverthegreatdayoftheriversteamerswasdrawingto59.The60wonthepassengerandgoodsbusinessfromtheriverboats. Thereareboatsontherivertoday.ButtheyarenotthewhitebirdsthatattractedyoungSamuelClemens.
B Anewperiodiscoming.Callitwhatyouwill:theserviceindustrytheinformationage theknowledgesociety.Italltranslatestoagreatchangeinthewaywework.Alreadywe’re partlytherethepercentageofpeoplewhoearntheirlivingbymakingthingshasfallen sharplyintheWesternWorld.TodaythemajorityofjobsinAmericaEuropeandJapan twothirdsormoreareinmanyofthesecountriesareintheserviceindustryandthe numberisontherise.Morewomenareintheworkforcethaneverbefore.Therearemore part-timejobs.Morepeopleareself-employed.Butthebreathofthegreatchangecan’tbe measuredbynumbersalonebecauseitalsoisgivingrisetonewwayofthinkingaboutthe natureofworkitself.Long-heldopinionsaboutjobsandcareerstheskillsneededto succeedeventherelationbetweenworkersandemployers—allthesearebeingdoubted. Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead.Noone lookingahead20yearspossiblycouldhaveseenthewaysinwhichasingleinventionthe chip芯片wouldchangeourworldthankstoitsusesinpersonalcomputersandfactory equipment.Tomorrow’sachievementsinbiotechnologyorevensomestillunimagined technologycouldproduceasimilarwaveofgreatchanges.Butonethingiscertain: informationandknowledgewillbecomeevenmoreimportantandthepeoplewhoownit whethertheyworkinfactoriesorserviceswillhavetheadvantageandproducethewealth. Computerknowledgewillbecomeasbasicarequirementastheabilitytoreadandwrite. Theabilitytodealwithproblemsbymakinguseofinformationinsteadofperforming regulartaskswillbevaluedaboveallelse.Ifyoulookahead10yearsinformationservice willbeleadingtheway.Itwillbethewayyoudoyourjob. Informationagemeans_____________.
They_______ontheprogramforalmostoneweekbeforeIjoinedthemandnowwe _______onitasnogoodresultshavecomeoutsofar.
InthedaysofSamuelClemensbetterknownasMarkTwainlifeonasteamboatontheMississippiRiverwas41.Oneofthemostexciting42ofthatperiodwasarac43twoofthefastestriverboats. TheNatchezhadsteameduptheriverfromNewOrleanstoSt.Louisinthreedaystwenty-onehoursandfifty-eightminutes.JohnCannon44oftheRobertE.Leefeltsurethathecould45thistimeandchallengedthecaptainoftheNatchez.46hisboatlightCaptainCannon47nopassengers48;hedidnot49theusualgoods.Moreoverhehadcrewswithsuppliesofcoalwaitingonfloatsalongtheriversothattheboatwouldnothavetoputittoshorefor50. TheracebeganonJune301870.BeinglighterthantheNatcheztheLeejumpedintoanearlylead.Forthreedaystheracecontinued51theboatstravellingatfullsteam.Theywere52eachotherthewholetime53shortspaceswhenbendsintheriverhidoneortheotherfromview. ThenonlyafewhoursfromitsgoaltheNatchez54arockandranaground搁浅. TheLeesteamedproudlyintoSt.LouisinexactlythreedayseighteenhoursandthirtyminutesaftershehadleftNewOrleans.Bellrangandpeoplecalled55theboatnamedafterthegeneral56asanarmyengineerhadpreventedtheriverfromchangingitscourseandSt.Louis57becominganinlandtown.TheLee58agoodrecord---onethatbroughthonortoallrivermen.Howeverthegreatdayoftheriversteamerswasdrawingto59.The60wonthepassengerandgoodsbusinessfromtheriverboats. Thereareboatsontherivertoday.ButtheyarenotthewhitebirdsthatattractedyoungSamuelClemens.
—______thathemanagedtogettheinformation —Ohafriendofhishelpedhim.
Ithink________knowledgeoftheInternetis________mustinourworktoday.
C AmongvariousprogrammesTVtalkshowshavecoveredeveryinchofspaceon daytimetelevision.Andanyonewhowatchesthemregularlyknowsthateachoneis differentinstyle风格.Butnotwoshowsaremoreoppositeincontentwhileatthesame timestandingoutabovetherestthantheJerrySpringerandtheOprahWinfreyshows. JerrySpringercouldeasilybeconsideredthekingofrubbishtalk.Thecontentsonhis showareassurprisingascanbe.Forexampletheshowtakestheever-commontalk showtitlesoflovesexcheatingandhatetoadifferentlevel.ClearlytheJerrySpringer showisaboutthedarksideofsocietyyetpeoplearewillingtoeatupthetroublesofother people‘slives. LikeJerrySpringerOprahWinfreytakesTVtalkshowtoitstopbutOprahgoesinthe oppositedirection.Theshowismainlyabouttheimprovementofsocietyanddifferent qualityoflife.Contentsarefromteachingyourchildrenlessonsmanagingyourworkweek togettingtoknowyourneighbors. ComparedtoOprahtheJerrySpringershowlookslikepoisonouswastebeingpoured intosociety.Jerryendseveryshowwithafinalword.Hemakesasmallspeechaboutthe entireideaoftheshow.Hopefullythisisthepartwheremostpeoplewilllearnsomething veryvaluable. CleanasitistheOprahshowisnotforeveryone.Theshow‘smainviewersare middleclassAmericans.Mostofthesepeoplehavethetimemoneyandabilitytodealwith life‘stougherproblems.JerrySpringerontheotherhandhasmoreofaconnectionwith theyoungadultsofsociety.Theseare18-to-21-year-oldswhosemaintroublesinlife includeloverelationshipsexmoneyanddrug.Theyaretheoneswhoseesomevalue andlessonstobelearnedthroughtheshow‘sexploitation. ThoughthesocialproblemsJerrySpringertalksaboutappearunpleasantpeoplewho watchtheshows_____.
—Accordingtotheweatherreportthetemperaturetomorrowwillriseup_______22 degreescentigrade. —Ohit’squitehot________December.
—Youdon’tlikethisoilpaintingdoyou —______.Ilikeitbetter_____Ilookatit.
InthedaysofSamuelClemensbetterknownasMarkTwainlifeonasteamboatontheMississippiRiverwas41.Oneofthemostexciting42ofthatperiodwasarac43twoofthefastestriverboats. TheNatchezhadsteameduptheriverfromNewOrleanstoSt.Louisinthreedaystwenty-onehoursandfifty-eightminutes.JohnCannon44oftheRobertE.Leefeltsurethathecould45thistimeandchallengedthecaptainoftheNatchez.46hisboatlightCaptainCannon47nopassengers48;hedidnot49theusualgoods.Moreoverhehadcrewswithsuppliesofcoalwaitingonfloatsalongtheriversothattheboatwouldnothavetoputittoshorefor50. TheracebeganonJune301870.BeinglighterthantheNatcheztheLeejumpedintoanearlylead.Forthreedaystheracecontinued51theboatstravellingatfullsteam.Theywere52eachotherthewholetime53shortspaceswhenbendsintheriverhidoneortheotherfromview. ThenonlyafewhoursfromitsgoaltheNatchez54arockandranaground搁浅. TheLeesteamedproudlyintoSt.LouisinexactlythreedayseighteenhoursandthirtyminutesaftershehadleftNewOrleans.Bellrangandpeoplecalled55theboatnamedafterthegeneral56asanarmyengineerhadpreventedtheriverfromchangingitscourseandSt.Louis57becominganinlandtown.TheLee58agoodrecord---onethatbroughthonortoallrivermen.Howeverthegreatdayoftheriversteamerswasdrawingto59.The60wonthepassengerandgoodsbusinessfromtheriverboats. Thereareboatsontherivertoday.ButtheyarenotthewhitebirdsthatattractedyoungSamuelClemens.
Advertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhythey’realwayscominginforcriticism.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhaveaflairforself-promotionandbecausetheyhavesomuchmoneytothrowaround.It’siniquitoustheysaythatthisentirelyunproductiveindustryifwecancallitthatshouldabsorbmillionsofpoundseachyear.Itonlygoestoshowhowmuchprofitthebigcompaniesaremaking.Whydon’ttheystopadvertisingandreducethepriceoftheirgoodsAfterallit’stheconsumerwhopays Thepooroldconsumer!He’dhavetopayagreatdealmoreifadvertisingdidn’tcreatemassmarketsforproducts.Itispreciselybecauseoftheheavyadvertisingthatconsumergoodsaresocheap.Butwegetthewrongideaifwethinktheonlypurposeofadvertisingistosellgoods.Anotherequallyimportantfunctionistoinform.Agreatdealoftheknowledgewehaveabouthouseholdgoodsderiveslargelyfromtheadvertisementsweread.Advertisementsintroduceustonewproductsorremindusoftheexistenceofoneswealreadyknowabout.Supposingyouwantedtobuyawashingmachineitismorethanlikelyyouwouldobtaindetailsregardingperformancepriceetc.fromanadvertisement. Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverreadadvertisementsbutthisclaimmaybe seriouslydoubted.Itishardlypossiblenottoreadadvertisementsthesedays.Andwhatfuntheyoftenaretoo!Justthinkwhatarailwaystationoranewspaperwouldbelikewithoutadvertisements.WouldyouenjoygazingatablankwallorreadingrailwaybyelawswhilewaitingforatrainWouldyouliketoreadonlycloselyprintedcolumnsofnewsinyourdailypaperAcheerfulwittyadvertisementmakessuchadifferencetoadrabwalloranewspaperfullofthedailyrationofcalamities. Wemustnotforgeteitherthatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets. Newspaperscommercialradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaperorcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogrammesisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice! Anotherthingwemustn’tforgetisthesmallads.whichareinvirtuallyevery newspaperandmagazine.Whatatremendouslyusefulservicetheyperformforthecommunity!Justaboutanythingcanbeaccomplishedthroughthesecolumns.Forinstanceyoucanfindajobbuyorsellahouseannounceabirthmarriageordeathinwhatusedtobecalledthe‘hatchmatchanddispatch’columnbutbyfarthemostfascinatingsectionisthepersonaloragonycolumn.Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuchentertainingreadingorofferssuchadeepinsightintohumannature.It’sthebestadvertisementforadvertisingthereis! Theattitudeoftheauthortowardadvertisersis_______.
—Don‘tyouthinkitnecessarythathe_______toMiamibuttoNewYork —Iagreebuttheproblemis________hehasrefusedto.
—Ihaven’tseenyouforages.Haven’tyougraduatedfromcollege —Yes.I_____EnglishforfouryearsinNanjing.
InthedaysofSamuelClemensbetterknownasMarkTwainlifeonasteamboatontheMississippiRiverwas41.Oneofthemostexciting42ofthatperiodwasarac43twoofthefastestriverboats. TheNatchezhadsteameduptheriverfromNewOrleanstoSt.Louisinthreedaystwenty-onehoursandfifty-eightminutes.JohnCannon44oftheRobertE.Leefeltsurethathecould45thistimeandchallengedthecaptainoftheNatchez.46hisboatlightCaptainCannon47nopassengers48;hedidnot49theusualgoods.Moreoverhehadcrewswithsuppliesofcoalwaitingonfloatsalongtheriversothattheboatwouldnothavetoputittoshorefor50. TheracebeganonJune301870.BeinglighterthantheNatcheztheLeejumpedintoanearlylead.Forthreedaystheracecontinued51theboatstravellingatfullsteam.Theywere52eachotherthewholetime53shortspaceswhenbendsintheriverhidoneortheotherfromview. ThenonlyafewhoursfromitsgoaltheNatchez54arockandranaground搁浅. TheLeesteamedproudlyintoSt.LouisinexactlythreedayseighteenhoursandthirtyminutesaftershehadleftNewOrleans.Bellrangandpeoplecalled55theboatnamedafterthegeneral56asanarmyengineerhadpreventedtheriverfromchangingitscourseandSt.Louis57becominganinlandtown.TheLee58agoodrecord---onethatbroughthonortoallrivermen.Howeverthegreatdayoftheriversteamerswasdrawingto59.The60wonthepassengerandgoodsbusinessfromtheriverboats. Thereareboatsontherivertoday.ButtheyarenotthewhitebirdsthatattractedyoungSamuelClemens.
InthedaysofSamuelClemensbetterknownasMarkTwainlifeonasteamboatontheMississippiRiverwas41.Oneofthemostexciting42ofthatperiodwasarac43twoofthefastestriverboats. TheNatchezhadsteameduptheriverfromNewOrleanstoSt.Louisinthreedaystwenty-onehoursandfifty-eightminutes.JohnCannon44oftheRobertE.Leefeltsurethathecould45thistimeandchallengedthecaptainoftheNatchez.46hisboatlightCaptainCannon47nopassengers48;hedidnot49theusualgoods.Moreoverhehadcrewswithsuppliesofcoalwaitingonfloatsalongtheriversothattheboatwouldnothavetoputittoshorefor50. TheracebeganonJune301870.BeinglighterthantheNatcheztheLeejumpedintoanearlylead.Forthreedaystheracecontinued51theboatstravellingatfullsteam.Theywere52eachotherthewholetime53shortspaceswhenbendsintheriverhidoneortheotherfromview. ThenonlyafewhoursfromitsgoaltheNatchez54arockandranaground搁浅. TheLeesteamedproudlyintoSt.LouisinexactlythreedayseighteenhoursandthirtyminutesaftershehadleftNewOrleans.Bellrangandpeoplecalled55theboatnamedafterthegeneral56asanarmyengineerhadpreventedtheriverfromchangingitscourseandSt.Louis57becominganinlandtown.TheLee58agoodrecord---onethatbroughthonortoallrivermen.Howeverthegreatdayoftheriversteamerswasdrawingto59.The60wonthepassengerandgoodsbusinessfromtheriverboats. Thereareboatsontherivertoday.ButtheyarenotthewhitebirdsthatattractedyoungSamuelClemens.
E Policefiredteargasandarrestedmorethan5000passivelyresistingprotestorsFridayinanattempttobreakupthelargestantinucleardemonstrationeverstagedintheUnitedStates.Morethan135000demonstratorsconfrontedpoliceontheconstructionsiteofa1000-megawattnuclearpowerplantscheduledtoprovidepowertomostofsouthernNewHampshire.Organizersofthehugedemonstrationsaidtheprotestwascontinuingdespitethepoliceactions.Moredemonstratorswerearrivingtokeepupthepressureonstateauthoritiestocanceltheproject.Thedemonstratorhadchargedthattheprojectwasunsafeinthedenselypopulatedareawouldcreatethermalpollutioninthebayandhadnoacceptablemeansfordisposingofitsradioactivewasters.Thedemonstrationswouldgoonuntilthejailsandthecourtsweresooverloadedthatthestatejudicialsystemwouldcollapse. GovernorStanforthThumperinsistedthattherewouldbenoreconsiderationofthe powerprojectandnodelayinitsconstructionsetforcompletioninthreeyears.Thisprojectwillbeginontimeandthepeopleofthisstatewillbegintoreceiveitsbenefitsonschedule.Thosewhobreakthelawinmisguidedattemptstosabotagetheprojectwillbedealtwithaccordingtothelawhesaid.Andpolicecalledinreinforcementsfromalloverthestatetohandlethedisturbances. TheprotestsbeganbeforedawnFridaywhenseveralthousanddemonstratorsbrokethroughpolicelinesaroundthecordoned-offconstructionsite.TheycarriedplacardsthatreadNoNukesisGoodNukesSunpowerNotNuclearPowerandStopPrivateProfitsfromPublicPeril.Theydefiedpoliceordertomovefromthearea.Teargascanistersfiredbypolicefailedtodislodgetheprotestorswhohadcomepreparedwiththeirowngasmasksorfacecloths.Finallygas-maskedandhelmetedpolicechargedintothecrowdtodragoffthedemonstratorsonebyone.Theprotestorsdidnotresistpolicebutrefusedtowalkawayundertheirownpower.Thosearrestedwouldbechargedwithunlawfulassemblytrespassinganddisturbingthepeace. Whatwerethedemonstratorsprotestingabout
1.DriverWanted 1Cleandrivinglicense. 2Mustbeofsmartappearance. 3Agedover25. Applyto:CapesTaxis17PalaceRoadBoston. parking.2.AirHostessesforInternationalFlightsWanted 1Applicantsmustbebetween20and33yearsold. 2Height1.6mto1.75m. 3EducationtoGCSEstandard. 4Twolanguages.Mustbeabletoswim.Applyto:RecruitmentofficeSouthernAirlineHeathrowAirportWest.HR37KK 3.TeacherNeededForprivatelanguageschool.Teachingexperienceunnecessary. Applyto:TheDirectorofStudiesInstantLanguageLtd279CanalStreetBoston. WhatpreventsJackanexperiencedtaxidriverworkingforCapesTaxis
Wordcomesthatfreesouvenirswillbegivento_______comesfirst.
B Anewperiodiscoming.Callitwhatyouwill:theserviceindustrytheinformationage theknowledgesociety.Italltranslatestoagreatchangeinthewaywework.Alreadywe’re partlytherethepercentageofpeoplewhoearntheirlivingbymakingthingshasfallen sharplyintheWesternWorld.TodaythemajorityofjobsinAmericaEuropeandJapan twothirdsormoreareinmanyofthesecountriesareintheserviceindustryandthe numberisontherise.Morewomenareintheworkforcethaneverbefore.Therearemore part-timejobs.Morepeopleareself-employed.Butthebreathofthegreatchangecan’tbe measuredbynumbersalonebecauseitalsoisgivingrisetonewwayofthinkingaboutthe natureofworkitself.Long-heldopinionsaboutjobsandcareerstheskillsneededto succeedeventherelationbetweenworkersandemployers—allthesearebeingdoubted. Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead.Noone lookingahead20yearspossiblycouldhaveseenthewaysinwhichasingleinventionthe chip芯片wouldchangeourworldthankstoitsusesinpersonalcomputersandfactory equipment.Tomorrow’sachievementsinbiotechnologyorevensomestillunimagined technologycouldproduceasimilarwaveofgreatchanges.Butonethingiscertain: informationandknowledgewillbecomeevenmoreimportantandthepeoplewhoownit whethertheyworkinfactoriesorserviceswillhavetheadvantageandproducethewealth. Computerknowledgewillbecomeasbasicarequirementastheabilitytoreadandwrite. Theabilitytodealwithproblemsbymakinguseofinformationinsteadofperforming regulartaskswillbevaluedaboveallelse.Ifyoulookahead10yearsinformationservice willbeleadingtheway.Itwillbethewayyoudoyourjob. Thefuturewillprobablybelongtothosewho_________.
InthedaysofSamuelClemensbetterknownasMarkTwainlifeonasteamboatontheMississippiRiverwas41.Oneofthemostexciting42ofthatperiodwasarac43twoofthefastestriverboats. TheNatchezhadsteameduptheriverfromNewOrleanstoSt.Louisinthreedaystwenty-onehoursandfifty-eightminutes.JohnCannon44oftheRobertE.Leefeltsurethathecould45thistimeandchallengedthecaptainoftheNatchez.46hisboatlightCaptainCannon47nopassengers48;hedidnot49theusualgoods.Moreoverhehadcrewswithsuppliesofcoalwaitingonfloatsalongtheriversothattheboatwouldnothavetoputittoshorefor50. TheracebeganonJune301870.BeinglighterthantheNatcheztheLeejumpedintoanearlylead.Forthreedaystheracecontinued51theboatstravellingatfullsteam.Theywere52eachotherthewholetime53shortspaceswhenbendsintheriverhidoneortheotherfromview. ThenonlyafewhoursfromitsgoaltheNatchez54arockandranaground搁浅. TheLeesteamedproudlyintoSt.LouisinexactlythreedayseighteenhoursandthirtyminutesaftershehadleftNewOrleans.Bellrangandpeoplecalled55theboatnamedafterthegeneral56asanarmyengineerhadpreventedtheriverfromchangingitscourseandSt.Louis57becominganinlandtown.TheLee58agoodrecord---onethatbroughthonortoallrivermen.Howeverthegreatdayoftheriversteamerswasdrawingto59.The60wonthepassengerandgoodsbusinessfromtheriverboats. Thereareboatsontherivertoday.ButtheyarenotthewhitebirdsthatattractedyoungSamuelClemens.
InthedaysofSamuelClemensbetterknownasMarkTwainlifeonasteamboatontheMississippiRiverwas41.Oneofthemostexciting42ofthatperiodwasarac43twoofthefastestriverboats. TheNatchezhadsteameduptheriverfromNewOrleanstoSt.Louisinthreedaystwenty-onehoursandfifty-eightminutes.JohnCannon44oftheRobertE.Leefeltsurethathecould45thistimeandchallengedthecaptainoftheNatchez.46hisboatlightCaptainCannon47nopassengers48;hedidnot49theusualgoods.Moreoverhehadcrewswithsuppliesofcoalwaitingonfloatsalongtheriversothattheboatwouldnothavetoputittoshorefor50. TheracebeganonJune301870.BeinglighterthantheNatcheztheLeejumpedintoanearlylead.Forthreedaystheracecontinued51theboatstravellingatfullsteam.Theywere52eachotherthewholetime53shortspaceswhenbendsintheriverhidoneortheotherfromview. ThenonlyafewhoursfromitsgoaltheNatchez54arockandranaground搁浅. TheLeesteamedproudlyintoSt.LouisinexactlythreedayseighteenhoursandthirtyminutesaftershehadleftNewOrleans.Bellrangandpeoplecalled55theboatnamedafterthegeneral56asanarmyengineerhadpreventedtheriverfromchangingitscourseandSt.Louis57becominganinlandtown.TheLee58agoodrecord---onethatbroughthonortoallrivermen.Howeverthegreatdayoftheriversteamerswasdrawingto59.The60wonthepassengerandgoodsbusinessfromtheriverboats. Thereareboatsontherivertoday.ButtheyarenotthewhitebirdsthatattractedyoungSamuelClemens.
—Howdidtheplanstrikeyou —It_____sowecan’tthinktoohighlyofit.
InthedaysofSamuelClemensbetterknownasMarkTwainlifeonasteamboatontheMississippiRiverwas41.Oneofthemostexciting42ofthatperiodwasarac43twoofthefastestriverboats. TheNatchezhadsteameduptheriverfromNewOrleanstoSt.Louisinthreedaystwenty-onehoursandfifty-eightminutes.JohnCannon44oftheRobertE.Leefeltsurethathecould45thistimeandchallengedthecaptainoftheNatchez.46hisboatlightCaptainCannon47nopassengers48;hedidnot49theusualgoods.Moreoverhehadcrewswithsuppliesofcoalwaitingonfloatsalongtheriversothattheboatwouldnothavetoputittoshorefor50. TheracebeganonJune301870.BeinglighterthantheNatcheztheLeejumpedintoanearlylead.Forthreedaystheracecontinued51theboatstravellingatfullsteam.Theywere52eachotherthewholetime53shortspaceswhenbendsintheriverhidoneortheotherfromview. ThenonlyafewhoursfromitsgoaltheNatchez54arockandranaground搁浅. TheLeesteamedproudlyintoSt.LouisinexactlythreedayseighteenhoursandthirtyminutesaftershehadleftNewOrleans.Bellrangandpeoplecalled55theboatnamedafterthegeneral56asanarmyengineerhadpreventedtheriverfromchangingitscourseandSt.Louis57becominganinlandtown.TheLee58agoodrecord---onethatbroughthonortoallrivermen.Howeverthegreatdayoftheriversteamerswasdrawingto59.The60wonthepassengerandgoodsbusinessfromtheriverboats. Thereareboatsontherivertoday.ButtheyarenotthewhitebirdsthatattractedyoungSamuelClemens.
Advertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhythey’realwayscominginforcriticism.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhaveaflairforself-promotionandbecausetheyhavesomuchmoneytothrowaround.It’siniquitoustheysaythatthisentirelyunproductiveindustryifwecancallitthatshouldabsorbmillionsofpoundseachyear.Itonlygoestoshowhowmuchprofitthebigcompaniesaremaking.Whydon’ttheystopadvertisingandreducethepriceoftheirgoodsAfterallit’stheconsumerwhopays Thepooroldconsumer!He’dhavetopayagreatdealmoreifadvertisingdidn’tcreatemassmarketsforproducts.Itispreciselybecauseoftheheavyadvertisingthatconsumergoodsaresocheap.Butwegetthewrongideaifwethinktheonlypurposeofadvertisingistosellgoods.Anotherequallyimportantfunctionistoinform.Agreatdealoftheknowledgewehaveabouthouseholdgoodsderiveslargelyfromtheadvertisementsweread.Advertisementsintroduceustonewproductsorremindusoftheexistenceofoneswealreadyknowabout.Supposingyouwantedtobuyawashingmachineitismorethanlikelyyouwouldobtaindetailsregardingperformancepriceetc.fromanadvertisement. Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverreadadvertisementsbutthisclaimmaybe seriouslydoubted.Itishardlypossiblenottoreadadvertisementsthesedays.Andwhatfuntheyoftenaretoo!Justthinkwhatarailwaystationoranewspaperwouldbelikewithoutadvertisements.WouldyouenjoygazingatablankwallorreadingrailwaybyelawswhilewaitingforatrainWouldyouliketoreadonlycloselyprintedcolumnsofnewsinyourdailypaperAcheerfulwittyadvertisementmakessuchadifferencetoadrabwalloranewspaperfullofthedailyrationofcalamities. Wemustnotforgeteitherthatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets. Newspaperscommercialradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaperorcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogrammesisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice! Anotherthingwemustn’tforgetisthesmallads.whichareinvirtuallyevery newspaperandmagazine.Whatatremendouslyusefulservicetheyperformforthecommunity!Justaboutanythingcanbeaccomplishedthroughthesecolumns.Forinstanceyoucanfindajobbuyorsellahouseannounceabirthmarriageordeathinwhatusedtobecalledthe‘hatchmatchanddispatch’columnbutbyfarthemostfascinatingsectionisthepersonaloragonycolumn.Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuchentertainingreadingorofferssuchadeepinsightintohumannature.It’sthebestadvertisementforadvertisingthereis! WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue
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