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第4篇TryingtoFindaPartnerOneofthemoststrikingfindingsofarecentpollintheUKisthatofthepeopleinterviewedoneintwobelievesthatitisbecomingmoredifficulttomeetsomeonetostartafamilywith.WhyaremanyfindingitincreasinglydifficulttostartandsustainintimaterelationshipsDoesmodernlifereallymakeithardertofallinloveOrarewemakingitharderforourselvesItiscertainlythecasetodaythatcontemporarycouplesbenefitindifferentwaysfromrelationships.Womennolongerrelyuponpartnersforeconomicsecurityorstatus.Amandoesn’texpecthisspousetobeinsolechargeofrunninghishouseholdandraisinghischildren.Butperhapstheknowledgethatwecanliveperfectlywellwithoutapartnershipmeansthatittakesmuchmoretopersuadepeopletoabandontheirindependence.Intheoryfindingapartnershouldbemuchsimplerthesedays.Onlyafewgenerationsagoyourchoiceofsoulmate心上人wasconstrainedbygeographysocialconventionandfamilytradition.Althoughitwasneverexplicitmanymarriageswereessentiallyarranged.Nowthosebarriershavebeenbrokendown.Youcanapproachabuilderorabrainsurgeoninanybarinanycityonanygivenevening.Whentheworldisyouroyster牡蛎yousurelyhaveabetterchanceoffindingapearl.Butitseemsthattheoldconventionshavebeenreplacedbyaneventighterconstraint:thetyrannyofchoice.Theexpectationsofpartnersareinflatedtoanunmanageabledegree:goodlooksimpressivesalarykindtograndmotherandrightsocks.Thereisnoroomforerrorinthefirstimpression.Wethinkthatarelationshipcanbeperfect.Ifitisn’titisdisposable.Weworktoprotectourselvesagainstfutureheartacheanddon’tputinthehardemotionallaborneededtobuildastrongrelationship.Ofcoursethisiscomplicatedbyrealities.Thecostofhousingandchild-rearingcreatespressuretohaveastableincomeandcareerbeforealifepartnership.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaconstraintonone’schoiceofsoulmateintheolddays
BItseemsthatpoliticiansaroundtheworldarethinkingaboutthehealthoftheircountries.WhileinChinaChenZhuhasannouncedhisplansforauniversalhealthserviceandreformacrosshealthservices.GordonBrowntheUKPrimeMinisterhasalsoannouncedheisplanningtomakesomechangesinourhealthservice.ThecruxofMr.Brown’sproposalsisrelatedtogivingtheNHSNationalHealthServiceagreaterfocusonpreventionratherthanjustcuringpatients.Heisplanningtointroduceincreasedscreeningforcommondiseasessuchasheartdiseasestrokesandcancerforexamplebreastcancer.InBritainthereare200000deathsayearfromheartattacksandstrokesmanyofwhichmighthavebeenavoidediftheconditionhadbeenknownabout.Initiallythediagnostic诊断的testswillbeavailableforthosewhoarevulnerableormostlikelytohavethedisease.Oneexampleisaplantoofferallmenover65anultrasoundtesttocheckforproblemswiththemainartery动脉aconditionwhichkills3000menayear.TheoppositionhavecriticizedMr.Brown’sproposalssayingthattheyarejustatrickandclaimingthatthereisnopropertimetableforthechanges.TheyalsosaythatMr.Brownisreducingthemoneyavailableforthetreatmentofcertainconditionswhileputtingmoremoneytowardstestingforthem.TheNHSwasfoundedin1948andispaidforbytaxation.Theideaisthattherichpaymoretowardsthehealthservicethanthepoor.Howeverinrecentyearstherehasbeenagreatincreaseintheuseofprivatehealthcareandit’smuchquicker.TheNHSwaitinglistsforoperationscanbeverylongsomanypeoplewhocanafforditchoosetopayformedicalcarethemselves.Theauthorofthispassageintendstotellus______.
第2篇DoubtfulWaystoReduceandIncreaseYourWeightYouhearthis:Nowonderyouarefat.Allyoueverdoiseat.Youfeelsad:Iskipmybreakfastandsupper.Iruneverymorningandevening.WhatelsecanIdoBasicallyyoucandonothing.Yourgenesnotyourlifehabitsdetermineyourweightandyourbodyconstantlytriestomaintainit.AlbertStunkardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundfromexperimentsthat80percentofthechildrenoftwoobese肥胖的parentsbecomeobeseascomparedwithnomorethan14percentoftheoffspringoftwoparentsofnormalweight.HowcanobesepeoplebecomenormaloreventhinthroughdietingWelldietingcanbeeffectivebutthehealthcostsaretremendous.JulesHirscharesearchphysicianatRockefellerUniversitydidastudyofeightfatpeople.Theyweregivenaliquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday.Aftermorethan10weeksthesubjectslost45kaonaverage.Butafterleavingthehospitaltheyallregainedweight.Theresultsweresurprising:bymetabolic新陈代谢measurementfatpeoplewholostlargeamountsofweightseemedliketheywerestarving.Theyhadpsychiatricproblems.Theydreamedoffoodorbreakingtheirdiet.Theywereanxiousanddepressed;someweresuicidal.Theyhidfoodintheirrooms.Researcherswarnthatitispossiblethatweightreductiondoesn’tresultinnormalweightbutinanabnormalstateresemblingthatofstarvednon-obesepeople.Thinpeoplehoweversufferfromtheopposite.Theyhavetomakeagreatefforttogainweight.EthanSimsoftheUniversityofVermontgotprisonerstovolunteertogainweight.Infourtosixmonthstheyateasmuchastheycould.Theysucceededinincreasingtheirweightby20to25percent.Butmonthsafterthestudyendedtheywerebacktonormalweightandstayedthere.Thisdoesnotmeanthatpeoplearecompletelywithouthopeincontrollingtheirweight.Itmeansthatthosewhotendtobefatwillhavetoconstantlybaffletheirgeneticinheritanceiftheywanttosignificantlylowertheirweight.Thefindingsalsoprovideevidenceforsomethingscientiststhoughtwastrue--eachpersonhasacomfortableweightrange.Therangemightbeasmuchas9kg.Someonemightweigh60-69kgwithouttoomucheffort.Butgoingaboveorbelowthenaturalweightrangeisdifficult.Thebodyresistsbyfeelinghungryorfullandchangingthemetabolismtopushtheweightbacktotherangeitseeks.Whatdeterminesyourweight
EAtacertaintimeinourlivesweconsidereveryplaceasthepossiblesite地点forahouse.IhavethussearchedthecountrywithinadozenmilesofwhereIlive.InimaginationIhaveboughtallthefarmsoneafteranotherandIknewtheirprices.ThenearestthingthatIcametoactualownershipwaswhenIboughttheHollowellplace.Butbeforetheownercompletedthesalewithmehiswifechangedhermindandwishedtokeepitandheofferedmeadditionaldollarstoreturnthefarmtohim.HoweverIlethimkeeptheadditionaldollarsandsoldhimthefarmforjustwhatIhadgivenforit.TherealattractionsoftheHollowellfarmtomewereitspositionbeingabouttwomilesfromthevillagehalfamilefromthenearestneighborbounded相邻ononesidebytheriverandseparatedfromthehighwaybyawidefield.Thepoorconditionofthehouseandfencesshowedthatithadn’tbeenusedforsometime.IrememberedfrommyearliesttripuptheriverthatthehouseusedtobehiddenbehindaforestareaandIwasinahurrytobuyitbeforetheownerfinishedgettingoutsomerockscuttingdowntheappletreesandclearingawaysomeyoungtreeswhichhadgrownupinthefields.Iwantedtobuyitbeforehemadeanymoreofhisimprovements.ButitturnedoutasIhavesaid.Iwasnotreallytroubledbytheloss.IhadalwayshadagardenbutIdon’tthinkIwasreadyforalargefarm.Ibelievethataslongaspossibleitisbettertolivefreeanduncommitted不受约束的.Itmakesbutlittledifferencewhetheryouownafarmornot.Theunderlinedwordsthelossinthelastparagraphreferto______.
GThepolicefiredteargasandarrestedmorethan5000passivelyresistingprotestorsFridayinanattempttobreakupthelargestantinucleardemonstrationeverstagedintheUnitedStates.Morethan135000demonstratorsconfrontedthepoliceontheconstructionsiteofa1000-megawattnuclearpowerplantscheduledtoprovidepowertomostofSouthernNewHampshire.Organizersofthehugedemonstrationsaidthattheprotestwascontinuingdespitethepoliceactions.Moredemonstratorswerearrivingtokeepupthepressureonstateauthoritiestocanceltheproject.Thedemonstratorhadchargedthattheprojectwasunsafeinthedenselypopulatedareawouldcreatethermalpollutioninthebayandhadnoacceptablemeansfordisposingofitsradioactivewasters.Thedemonstrationswouldgoonuntilthejailsandthecourtsweresooverloadedthatthestatejudicialsystemwouldcollapse.GovernorStanforthThumperinsistedthattherewouldbenoreconsiderationofthepowerprojectandnodelayinitsconstructionsetforcompletioninthreeyears.Thisprojectwillbeginontimeandthepeopleofthisstatewillbegintoreceiveitsbenefitsonschedule.Thosewhobreakthelawinmisguidedattemptstosabotagetheprojectwillbedealtwithaccordingtothelawhesaid.Andthepolicecalledinreinforcementsfromalloverthestatetohandlethedisturbances.TheprotestsbeganbeforedawnFridaywhenseveralthousanddemonstratorsbrokethroughthepolicelinesaroundthecordoned-offconstructionsite.TheycarriedplacardsthatreadNoNukesisGoodNukesSunpowerNotNuclearPowerandStopPrivateProfitsfromPublicPeril.Theydefiedpoliceordertomovefromthearea.Teargascanistersfiredbythepolicefailedtodislodgetheprotestorswhohadbeenpreparedwiththeirowngasmasksorfacecloths.Finallythegas-maskedandhelmetedpolicechargedintothecrowdtodragoffthedemonstratorsonebyone.Theprotestorsdidnotresistthepolicebutrefusedtowalkawayundertheirownpower.Thosearrestedwouldbechargedwithunlawfulassemblytrespassinganddisturbingthepeace.Withwhomwerethejailsandcourtsoverloaded
HTreesshouldonlybepruned修剪whenthereisagoodandclearreasonfordoingsoandfortunatelythenumberofsuchreasonsissmall.Pruninginvolvescuttingawayofovergrownandunwantedbranchesandtheinexperiencedgardenercanbeencouragedbythethoughtthatmoredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreestogrowintheirownways.Firstpruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize.Theobjectmaybetogetatreeoftherightheightandatthesametimetohelpthegrowthofsmallsidebrancheswhichwillthickenitsappearanceorgiveitaspecialshape.Secondlypruningmaybedonetomakethetreehealthier.Youmaycutoutdiseasedordeadwoodorbranchesthatarerubbingagainsteachotherandthuscausingwounds.Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingthebranchesthatarelockingupthecentreandsopreventingthefreemovementofair.Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordiseasesbutitisawoundthatwillheal愈合.Oftenthereisaracebetweenthehealingandthediseaseastowhetherthetreewillliveordieorthatthereisaperiodwhenthetreeisatrisk.Itshouldbetheaimofeverygardenertoreducetheriskasfaraspossible.Itisessentialtomaketheareawhichhasbeenprunedsmoothandcleanforhealingwillbesloweddownbyroughness.Youshouldallowthecutsurfacetodryforafewhoursandthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.Pruningisusuallydoneinwinterforthenyoucanseetheshapeofthetreeclearlywithouttheinterference妨碍fromtheleavesanditistooveryunlikelythatthecutsyoumakewillbleed.Ifthisdoeshappenitisofcourseimpossibletopaintthemproperly.Whyisaspecialmaterialpaintedonthetree
第2篇DoubtfulWaystoReduceandIncreaseYourWeightYouhearthis:Nowonderyouarefat.Allyoueverdoiseat.Youfeelsad:Iskipmybreakfastandsupper.Iruneverymorningandevening.WhatelsecanIdoBasicallyyoucandonothing.Yourgenesnotyourlifehabitsdetermineyourweightandyourbodyconstantlytriestomaintainit.AlbertStunkardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundfromexperimentsthat80percentofthechildrenoftwoobese肥胖的parentsbecomeobeseascomparedwithnomorethan14percentoftheoffspringoftwoparentsofnormalweight.HowcanobesepeoplebecomenormaloreventhinthroughdietingWelldietingcanbeeffectivebutthehealthcostsaretremendous.JulesHirscharesearchphysicianatRockefellerUniversitydidastudyofeightfatpeople.Theyweregivenaliquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday.Aftermorethan10weeksthesubjectslost45kaonaverage.Butafterleavingthehospitaltheyallregainedweight.Theresultsweresurprising:bymetabolic新陈代谢measurementfatpeoplewholostlargeamountsofweightseemedliketheywerestarving.Theyhadpsychiatricproblems.Theydreamedoffoodorbreakingtheirdiet.Theywereanxiousanddepressed;someweresuicidal.Theyhidfoodintheirrooms.Researcherswarnthatitispossiblethatweightreductiondoesn’tresultinnormalweightbutinanabnormalstateresemblingthatofstarvednon-obesepeople.Thinpeoplehoweversufferfromtheopposite.Theyhavetomakeagreatefforttogainweight.EthanSimsoftheUniversityofVermontgotprisonerstovolunteertogainweight.Infourtosixmonthstheyateasmuchastheycould.Theysucceededinincreasingtheirweightby20to25percent.Butmonthsafterthestudyendedtheywerebacktonormalweightandstayedthere.Thisdoesnotmeanthatpeoplearecompletelywithouthopeincontrollingtheirweight.Itmeansthatthosewhotendtobefatwillhavetoconstantlybaffletheirgeneticinheritanceiftheywanttosignificantlylowertheirweight.Thefindingsalsoprovideevidenceforsomethingscientiststhoughtwastrue--eachpersonhasacomfortableweightrange.Therangemightbeasmuchas9kg.Someonemightweigh60-69kgwithouttoomucheffort.Butgoingaboveorbelowthenaturalweightrangeisdifficult.Thebodyresistsbyfeelinghungryorfullandchangingthemetabolismtopushtheweightbacktotherangeitseeks.Whatdidscientiststhinkwastrue
FTodaytherearepolicemeneverywherebutin1700Londonhadnopolicemenatall.Afewoldmenusedtoprotectthecitystreetsatnightandtheywerenotpaid.About300yearsagoLondonwasstartingtogetbiggerandmoreandmorepeoplebegantolivethere.Thecitywasverydirtyandmanypeoplewerepoor.Thereweresomanythieveswhostolemoneyinthestreetsthatpeoplestayedintheirhomesasmuchaspossible.In1750HenryFieldingstartedtopayagroupofpeopletostopthieves.TheywerelikepolicemenandwerecalledBowStreetRunnersbecausetheyworkednearBowStreet.Fiftyyearslatertherewere120BowStreetRunnersbutLondonhadbecomeverybigandneededmorepolicemen.Soin1829thefirstMetropolitanorLondonPoliceForcewasstartedwith3000officers.Mostofthemenworkedonfootbutafewrodehorses.Until1920allthepoliceinLondonweremen.TodaytheLondonpolicearequitewellpaidandforthefewpoliceofficerswhostillridehorsesthepayisevenbetterthanfortheothers.In1700themenwhoprotectedthestreetswerepaid______.
第1篇CentersoftheGreatEuropeanCitiesThecentersofthegreatcitiesofEuropearemeetingplacesbytradition.Peoplegathertheretodrinkcoffeeandchatlateintothenight.Amixtureoflocalsandtouristsmakeforanexcitingmetropolitanatmosphere.Squaresplazas广场andarcades拱廊formtheheartofEurope’scities.VeniceinItalyhasthePiazzaSanMarcoabeautifulsquaresurroundedbyshopschurchesrestaurantsandcafes.InBarcelonaSpainLaBosqueriaisalivelymarketwithhundredsofstallssellingallkindsofgoods.London’sCoventGardenisfilledwithfruitandvegetablestallsbydayandmusiciansacrobats杂技演员andartistsbynight.Thegovernmentbuildingsatthecenterofmanycitiesoftenarearchitecturallyimpressive.InLondontheyserveasabeautifulbackdrop背景tothecoffeetablesthatlinethestreetsandthebanksoftheThames.Thesevibrant有活力的heartsaretheproductofcenturiesofevolutionsocialhistorianJoelGarreautoldUSNewsandWorldReportrecently.ThereasonpeoplethinkVeniceissogreattodayisyoudon’tseeallthemistakessaidGarreauThosehaveallbeenremoved.MostEuropeancitieswerelaidoutbeforetheinventionofthecarsobarsrestaurantsandcafeswereneartopeople’shomes.TodaythefocusofmanyEuropeans’lifehasmovedawayfromthecenters.Theyliveinthesuburbsandoutskirtsdrivingtosupermarketstogettheirsupplies.Butonacontinentwherepeopletreasureconventiontherearestillthosewhoholdontotraditionalwayslivingandshoppinglocally.Thesepeopletogetherwithtouristsprovidethecitycenterswiththereasonforexistence.Coffeecultureplaysapartinkeepingthesecitycentersflourishing.ThisisparticularlytrueofPariswhosecitizensarefamousenthusiasticconversationalists.Thisskillisdevelopedovermanyhoursspentchattingoverespressos浓咖啡andcigarettes.Religionalsoplaysaroleindevelopingsociableatmosphere.PeopleinRomanCatholiccountriesusedtovisitthechurchonanalmostdailybasis.Entirecommunitieswouldgatherinthesamebuildingandthenmoveouttothemarketscafesandbarsinthesurroundingstreets.AnenormousexampleofthisrelationshipbetweenchurchandsocietyistheDuomo.ThehugemarblecathedralinFlorenceItalyissurroundedbybakeriesandcoffeeshopsandcatersnotonlytothetouristcrowdsbutalsothelocalcommunity.WhichstatementisNOTtrueofCoventGarden
DThedaysofelderlywomendoingnothingbutcookinghugemealsonholidaysaregone.EntertheRedHatSociety--agroupholdingthebeliefthatoldladiesshouldhavefun.Mygrandmothersdidn’tdoanythingbutkeephouseandserveeverybody.TheywereprogrammedtodothatsaidEmilyCornetteheadofachapterofthe7-year-oldRedHatSociety.Whilemenhavelongspenttheirtimefishingandplayinggolfwomenhavesometimesseemedtobecomeunnoticedastheyage.Butthegenerationnowturning50isthebabyboomers生育高峰期出生的人andthesamepeoplewhorefusedtheirparents’wayofbeingyoungarenowtryinganewwayofgrowingold.Ifyoutakeintoconsiderationfeminism女权主义abitofsparemoneyandbetterhealthformostelderlytheRedHatSocietylooksalmostinevitable必然的.Inthissocietywomenover50wearredhatsandpurple紫色的clotheswhilethewomenunder50wearpinkhatsandlightpurpleclothing.TheorganizationtooktheideafromapoembyJennyJosephthatbegins:WhenIamanoldwomanIshallwearpurple.Witharedhatwhichdoesn’tgosaidEllenCooperwhofoundedtheRedHatSocietyin1998.Whentheladiesstartedtoweartheredhatstheyattractedlotsofattention.ThepointofthisisthatweneedarestfromalwaysdoingsomethingforsomeoneelseCoopersaidWomenfeelsoashamedandsorrywhentheydosomethingforthemselves.Thisiswhychaptersarediscouragedfromraisingmoneyordoinganythinguseful.We’realadies’playgroup.Itcouldn’tbemoresimpleaddedCooper’sassistantJoeHeywood.TheunderlinedwordchapterinParagraph2means______.
EAtacertaintimeinourlivesweconsidereveryplaceasthepossiblesite地点forahouse.IhavethussearchedthecountrywithinadozenmilesofwhereIlive.InimaginationIhaveboughtallthefarmsoneafteranotherandIknewtheirprices.ThenearestthingthatIcametoactualownershipwaswhenIboughttheHollowellplace.Butbeforetheownercompletedthesalewithmehiswifechangedhermindandwishedtokeepitandheofferedmeadditionaldollarstoreturnthefarmtohim.HoweverIlethimkeeptheadditionaldollarsandsoldhimthefarmforjustwhatIhadgivenforit.TherealattractionsoftheHollowellfarmtomewereitspositionbeingabouttwomilesfromthevillagehalfamilefromthenearestneighborbounded相邻ononesidebytheriverandseparatedfromthehighwaybyawidefield.Thepoorconditionofthehouseandfencesshowedthatithadn’tbeenusedforsometime.IrememberedfrommyearliesttripuptheriverthatthehouseusedtobehiddenbehindaforestareaandIwasinahurrytobuyitbeforetheownerfinishedgettingoutsomerockscuttingdowntheappletreesandclearingawaysomeyoungtreeswhichhadgrownupinthefields.Iwantedtobuyitbeforehemadeanymoreofhisimprovements.ButitturnedoutasIhavesaid.Iwasnotreallytroubledbytheloss.IhadalwayshadagardenbutIdon’tthinkIwasreadyforalargefarm.Ibelievethataslongaspossibleitisbettertolivefreeanduncommitted不受约束的.Itmakesbutlittledifferencewhetheryouownafarmornot.WhydidtheauthordecidetobuytheHollowellplace
BItseemsthatpoliticiansaroundtheworldarethinkingaboutthehealthoftheircountries.WhileinChinaChenZhuhasannouncedhisplansforauniversalhealthserviceandreformacrosshealthservices.GordonBrowntheUKPrimeMinisterhasalsoannouncedheisplanningtomakesomechangesinourhealthservice.ThecruxofMr.Brown’sproposalsisrelatedtogivingtheNHSNationalHealthServiceagreaterfocusonpreventionratherthanjustcuringpatients.Heisplanningtointroduceincreasedscreeningforcommondiseasessuchasheartdiseasestrokesandcancerforexamplebreastcancer.InBritainthereare200000deathsayearfromheartattacksandstrokesmanyofwhichmighthavebeenavoidediftheconditionhadbeenknownabout.Initiallythediagnostic诊断的testswillbeavailableforthosewhoarevulnerableormostlikelytohavethedisease.Oneexampleisaplantoofferallmenover65anultrasoundtesttocheckforproblemswiththemainartery动脉aconditionwhichkills3000menayear.TheoppositionhavecriticizedMr.Brown’sproposalssayingthattheyarejustatrickandclaimingthatthereisnopropertimetableforthechanges.TheyalsosaythatMr.Brownisreducingthemoneyavailableforthetreatmentofcertainconditionswhileputtingmoremoneytowardstestingforthem.TheNHSwasfoundedin1948andispaidforbytaxation.Theideaisthattherichpaymoretowardsthehealthservicethanthepoor.Howeverinrecentyearstherehasbeenagreatincreaseintheuseofprivatehealthcareandit’smuchquicker.TheNHSwaitinglistsforoperationscanbeverylongsomanypeoplewhocanafforditchoosetopayformedicalcarethemselves.Whichofthefollowingisthereasonfortheincreasingprivatehealthcare
BItseemsthatpoliticiansaroundtheworldarethinkingaboutthehealthoftheircountries.WhileinChinaChenZhuhasannouncedhisplansforauniversalhealthserviceandreformacrosshealthservices.GordonBrowntheUKPrimeMinisterhasalsoannouncedheisplanningtomakesomechangesinourhealthservice.ThecruxofMr.Brown’sproposalsisrelatedtogivingtheNHSNationalHealthServiceagreaterfocusonpreventionratherthanjustcuringpatients.Heisplanningtointroduceincreasedscreeningforcommondiseasessuchasheartdiseasestrokesandcancerforexamplebreastcancer.InBritainthereare200000deathsayearfromheartattacksandstrokesmanyofwhichmighthavebeenavoidediftheconditionhadbeenknownabout.Initiallythediagnostic诊断的testswillbeavailableforthosewhoarevulnerableormostlikelytohavethedisease.Oneexampleisaplantoofferallmenover65anultrasoundtesttocheckforproblemswiththemainartery动脉aconditionwhichkills3000menayear.TheoppositionhavecriticizedMr.Brown’sproposalssayingthattheyarejustatrickandclaimingthatthereisnopropertimetableforthechanges.TheyalsosaythatMr.Brownisreducingthemoneyavailableforthetreatmentofcertainconditionswhileputtingmoremoneytowardstestingforthem.TheNHSwasfoundedin1948andispaidforbytaxation.Theideaisthattherichpaymoretowardsthehealthservicethanthepoor.Howeverinrecentyearstherehasbeenagreatincreaseintheuseofprivatehealthcareandit’smuchquicker.TheNHSwaitinglistsforoperationscanbeverylongsomanypeoplewhocanafforditchoosetopayformedicalcarethemselves.Theunderlinedwordvulnerableinthefourthparagraphprobablymeans______.
HTreesshouldonlybepruned修剪whenthereisagoodandclearreasonfordoingsoandfortunatelythenumberofsuchreasonsissmall.Pruninginvolvescuttingawayofovergrownandunwantedbranchesandtheinexperiencedgardenercanbeencouragedbythethoughtthatmoredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreestogrowintheirownways.Firstpruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize.Theobjectmaybetogetatreeoftherightheightandatthesametimetohelpthegrowthofsmallsidebrancheswhichwillthickenitsappearanceorgiveitaspecialshape.Secondlypruningmaybedonetomakethetreehealthier.Youmaycutoutdiseasedordeadwoodorbranchesthatarerubbingagainsteachotherandthuscausingwounds.Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingthebranchesthatarelockingupthecentreandsopreventingthefreemovementofair.Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordiseasesbutitisawoundthatwillheal愈合.Oftenthereisaracebetweenthehealingandthediseaseastowhetherthetreewillliveordieorthatthereisaperiodwhenthetreeisatrisk.Itshouldbetheaimofeverygardenertoreducetheriskasfaraspossible.Itisessentialtomaketheareawhichhasbeenprunedsmoothandcleanforhealingwillbesloweddownbyroughness.Youshouldallowthecutsurfacetodryforafewhoursandthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.Pruningisusuallydoneinwinterforthenyoucanseetheshapeofthetreeclearlywithouttheinterference妨碍fromtheleavesanditistooveryunlikelythatthecutsyoumakewillbleed.Ifthisdoeshappenitisofcourseimpossibletopaintthemproperly.Whyshouldpruningbedone
甲公司通过电视发布广告称其有100辆某型号汽车每辆价格15万元广告有效期10天乙公司于该则广告发布后第5天自带汇票去甲公司买车但此时车已全部售完无货可供下列哪一选项是正确的
GThepolicefiredteargasandarrestedmorethan5000passivelyresistingprotestorsFridayinanattempttobreakupthelargestantinucleardemonstrationeverstagedintheUnitedStates.Morethan135000demonstratorsconfrontedthepoliceontheconstructionsiteofa1000-megawattnuclearpowerplantscheduledtoprovidepowertomostofSouthernNewHampshire.Organizersofthehugedemonstrationsaidthattheprotestwascontinuingdespitethepoliceactions.Moredemonstratorswerearrivingtokeepupthepressureonstateauthoritiestocanceltheproject.Thedemonstratorhadchargedthattheprojectwasunsafeinthedenselypopulatedareawouldcreatethermalpollutioninthebayandhadnoacceptablemeansfordisposingofitsradioactivewasters.Thedemonstrationswouldgoonuntilthejailsandthecourtsweresooverloadedthatthestatejudicialsystemwouldcollapse.GovernorStanforthThumperinsistedthattherewouldbenoreconsiderationofthepowerprojectandnodelayinitsconstructionsetforcompletioninthreeyears.Thisprojectwillbeginontimeandthepeopleofthisstatewillbegintoreceiveitsbenefitsonschedule.Thosewhobreakthelawinmisguidedattemptstosabotagetheprojectwillbedealtwithaccordingtothelawhesaid.Andthepolicecalledinreinforcementsfromalloverthestatetohandlethedisturbances.TheprotestsbeganbeforedawnFridaywhenseveralthousanddemonstratorsbrokethroughthepolicelinesaroundthecordoned-offconstructionsite.TheycarriedplacardsthatreadNoNukesisGoodNukesSunpowerNotNuclearPowerandStopPrivateProfitsfromPublicPeril.Theydefiedpoliceordertomovefromthearea.Teargascanistersfiredbythepolicefailedtodislodgetheprotestorswhohadbeenpreparedwiththeirowngasmasksorfacecloths.Finallythegas-maskedandhelmetedpolicechargedintothecrowdtodragoffthedemonstratorsonebyone.Theprotestorsdidnotresistthepolicebutrefusedtowalkawayundertheirownpower.Thosearrestedwouldbechargedwithunlawfulassemblytrespassinganddisturbingthepeace.Whohadgasmasks
第2篇DoubtfulWaystoReduceandIncreaseYourWeightYouhearthis:Nowonderyouarefat.Allyoueverdoiseat.Youfeelsad:Iskipmybreakfastandsupper.Iruneverymorningandevening.WhatelsecanIdoBasicallyyoucandonothing.Yourgenesnotyourlifehabitsdetermineyourweightandyourbodyconstantlytriestomaintainit.AlbertStunkardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundfromexperimentsthat80percentofthechildrenoftwoobese肥胖的parentsbecomeobeseascomparedwithnomorethan14percentoftheoffspringoftwoparentsofnormalweight.HowcanobesepeoplebecomenormaloreventhinthroughdietingWelldietingcanbeeffectivebutthehealthcostsaretremendous.JulesHirscharesearchphysicianatRockefellerUniversitydidastudyofeightfatpeople.Theyweregivenaliquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday.Aftermorethan10weeksthesubjectslost45kaonaverage.Butafterleavingthehospitaltheyallregainedweight.Theresultsweresurprising:bymetabolic新陈代谢measurementfatpeoplewholostlargeamountsofweightseemedliketheywerestarving.Theyhadpsychiatricproblems.Theydreamedoffoodorbreakingtheirdiet.Theywereanxiousanddepressed;someweresuicidal.Theyhidfoodintheirrooms.Researcherswarnthatitispossiblethatweightreductiondoesn’tresultinnormalweightbutinanabnormalstateresemblingthatofstarvednon-obesepeople.Thinpeoplehoweversufferfromtheopposite.Theyhavetomakeagreatefforttogainweight.EthanSimsoftheUniversityofVermontgotprisonerstovolunteertogainweight.Infourtosixmonthstheyateasmuchastheycould.Theysucceededinincreasingtheirweightby20to25percent.Butmonthsafterthestudyendedtheywerebacktonormalweightandstayedthere.Thisdoesnotmeanthatpeoplearecompletelywithouthopeincontrollingtheirweight.Itmeansthatthosewhotendtobefatwillhavetoconstantlybaffletheirgeneticinheritanceiftheywanttosignificantlylowertheirweight.Thefindingsalsoprovideevidenceforsomethingscientiststhoughtwastrue--eachpersonhasacomfortableweightrange.Therangemightbeasmuchas9kg.Someonemightweigh60-69kgwithouttoomucheffort.Butgoingaboveorbelowthenaturalweightrangeisdifficult.Thebodyresistsbyfeelinghungryorfullandchangingthemetabolismtopushtheweightbacktotherangeitseeks.Whathappenedtotheeightfatpeopleaftertheyleftthehospital
第1篇CentersoftheGreatEuropeanCitiesThecentersofthegreatcitiesofEuropearemeetingplacesbytradition.Peoplegathertheretodrinkcoffeeandchatlateintothenight.Amixtureoflocalsandtouristsmakeforanexcitingmetropolitanatmosphere.Squaresplazas广场andarcades拱廊formtheheartofEurope’scities.VeniceinItalyhasthePiazzaSanMarcoabeautifulsquaresurroundedbyshopschurchesrestaurantsandcafes.InBarcelonaSpainLaBosqueriaisalivelymarketwithhundredsofstallssellingallkindsofgoods.London’sCoventGardenisfilledwithfruitandvegetablestallsbydayandmusiciansacrobats杂技演员andartistsbynight.Thegovernmentbuildingsatthecenterofmanycitiesoftenarearchitecturallyimpressive.InLondontheyserveasabeautifulbackdrop背景tothecoffeetablesthatlinethestreetsandthebanksoftheThames.Thesevibrant有活力的heartsaretheproductofcenturiesofevolutionsocialhistorianJoelGarreautoldUSNewsandWorldReportrecently.ThereasonpeoplethinkVeniceissogreattodayisyoudon’tseeallthemistakessaidGarreauThosehaveallbeenremoved.MostEuropeancitieswerelaidoutbeforetheinventionofthecarsobarsrestaurantsandcafeswereneartopeople’shomes.TodaythefocusofmanyEuropeans’lifehasmovedawayfromthecenters.Theyliveinthesuburbsandoutskirtsdrivingtosupermarketstogettheirsupplies.Butonacontinentwherepeopletreasureconventiontherearestillthosewhoholdontotraditionalwayslivingandshoppinglocally.Thesepeopletogetherwithtouristsprovidethecitycenterswiththereasonforexistence.Coffeecultureplaysapartinkeepingthesecitycentersflourishing.ThisisparticularlytrueofPariswhosecitizensarefamousenthusiasticconversationalists.Thisskillisdevelopedovermanyhoursspentchattingoverespressos浓咖啡andcigarettes.Religionalsoplaysaroleindevelopingsociableatmosphere.PeopleinRomanCatholiccountriesusedtovisitthechurchonanalmostdailybasis.Entirecommunitieswouldgatherinthesamebuildingandthenmoveouttothemarketscafesandbarsinthesurroundingstreets.AnenormousexampleofthisrelationshipbetweenchurchandsocietyistheDuomo.ThehugemarblecathedralinFlorenceItalyissurroundedbybakeriesandcoffeeshopsandcatersnotonlytothetouristcrowdsbutalsothelocalcommunity.WhatareParisiansfamousfor
AHowshouldoneinvestasumofmoneyinthesedaysofinflationLeftinabankitwillhardlykeepitsvaluehoweverhightheinterestrateis.OnlyabravemanoraveryrichonedarestobuyandsellontheStockMarket.Todayitseemsthatoneofthebestwaystoprotectyoursavingsandevenincreaseyourwealthistobuybeautifulobjectsfromthepast.HereIamgoingtooffersomeadviceoncollectingantiqueclockswhichIpersonallyconsiderareamongthemostinterestingofantiques.Isometimeswonderwhatabeingfromanotherplanetmightreportbackaboutourwayoflife.TheplanetEarthisruledbyamysteriouscreaturethatsitsorstandsinaroomandmakesastrangetickingsound.Ithasafacewithtwelveblackmarksandtwohands.Mencandonothingwithoutitspermissionanditfastensitsyoungroundpeople’swristssothateverywheremengotheyarestillunderitscontrol.ThiscreatureistherealmasterofEarthandmenareitsslaves.Whetherornotweareslavesoftimetodaydependsonourcultureandpersonalitybutitisbelievedthatmanyyearsagokingskeptspecialslavestotellthetime.Certainmenwereverycleveratmeasuringthetimeofdayaccordingtothebeatingoftheirownhearts.Theyweremadetostandinafixedplaceandeveryhourorsowouldshoutthetime.Soitseemsthatthefirstclockswerehumanbeings.Howevermenquicklyfoundmoreconvenientandreliablewaysoftellingthetime.Theylearnedtousetheshadowscastbythesun.Theymarkedthehoursoncandiesusedsandinhour-glassesandinventedwater-clocks.Indeedanyseriousstudentofantiquesshouldspendasmuchtimeaspossiblevisitingpalacesstatelyhomesandmuseumstoseesomeofthefinestexamplesofclocksfromthepast.Antiqueclockscouldbeveryexpensivebutoneofthejoysofcollectingclocksisthatitisstillpossibletofindquitecheaponesforyourownhome.AfterallifyouaregoingtoberuledbythetimewhynotinvestinairantiqueclockandperhapsmakeafutureprofitTheunderlinedphrasestatelyhomesinParagraph4means______.
DThedaysofelderlywomendoingnothingbutcookinghugemealsonholidaysaregone.EntertheRedHatSociety--agroupholdingthebeliefthatoldladiesshouldhavefun.Mygrandmothersdidn’tdoanythingbutkeephouseandserveeverybody.TheywereprogrammedtodothatsaidEmilyCornetteheadofachapterofthe7-year-oldRedHatSociety.Whilemenhavelongspenttheirtimefishingandplayinggolfwomenhavesometimesseemedtobecomeunnoticedastheyage.Butthegenerationnowturning50isthebabyboomers生育高峰期出生的人andthesamepeoplewhorefusedtheirparents’wayofbeingyoungarenowtryinganewwayofgrowingold.Ifyoutakeintoconsiderationfeminism女权主义abitofsparemoneyandbetterhealthformostelderlytheRedHatSocietylooksalmostinevitable必然的.Inthissocietywomenover50wearredhatsandpurple紫色的clotheswhilethewomenunder50wearpinkhatsandlightpurpleclothing.TheorganizationtooktheideafromapoembyJennyJosephthatbegins:WhenIamanoldwomanIshallwearpurple.Witharedhatwhichdoesn’tgosaidEllenCooperwhofoundedtheRedHatSocietyin1998.Whentheladiesstartedtoweartheredhatstheyattractedlotsofattention.ThepointofthisisthatweneedarestfromalwaysdoingsomethingforsomeoneelseCoopersaidWomenfeelsoashamedandsorrywhentheydosomethingforthemselves.Thisiswhychaptersarediscouragedfromraisingmoneyordoinganythinguseful.We’realadies’playgroup.Itcouldn’tbemoresimpleaddedCooper’sassistantJoeHeywood.ItcouldbeinferredfromthetextthatmembersoftheRedHatSocietyare______.
HTreesshouldonlybepruned修剪whenthereisagoodandclearreasonfordoingsoandfortunatelythenumberofsuchreasonsissmall.Pruninginvolvescuttingawayofovergrownandunwantedbranchesandtheinexperiencedgardenercanbeencouragedbythethoughtthatmoredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreestogrowintheirownways.Firstpruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize.Theobjectmaybetogetatreeoftherightheightandatthesametimetohelpthegrowthofsmallsidebrancheswhichwillthickenitsappearanceorgiveitaspecialshape.Secondlypruningmaybedonetomakethetreehealthier.Youmaycutoutdiseasedordeadwoodorbranchesthatarerubbingagainsteachotherandthuscausingwounds.Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingthebranchesthatarelockingupthecentreandsopreventingthefreemovementofair.Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordiseasesbutitisawoundthatwillheal愈合.Oftenthereisaracebetweenthehealingandthediseaseastowhetherthetreewillliveordieorthatthereisaperiodwhenthetreeisatrisk.Itshouldbetheaimofeverygardenertoreducetheriskasfaraspossible.Itisessentialtomaketheareawhichhasbeenprunedsmoothandcleanforhealingwillbesloweddownbyroughness.Youshouldallowthecutsurfacetodryforafewhoursandthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.Pruningisusuallydoneinwinterforthenyoucanseetheshapeofthetreeclearlywithouttheinterference妨碍fromtheleavesanditistooveryunlikelythatthecutsyoumakewillbleed.Ifthisdoeshappenitisofcourseimpossibletopaintthemproperly.Whatwastheauthor’spurposewhenwritingthispassage
第3篇ShamingPunishmentsLastmonthJamesConnollyajuniorattheUniversityofMassachusettsstoodinfrontofalocalpolicestationwearingatoga长袍aspunishment.HiscrimeHewaschargedwithunderagedrinkingillegalpossessionofalcoholandexcessivenoisewhileholdingaparty.ThisshamingpunishmenthasincreasedintheUSinrecentyearsmostlyimposedbylocaljudgesforlessseriouscrimessuchasdrunkdrivingandtheft.Theybelieveshameisthebestpettycrimedeterrent威慑.ForexampleinTennesseeJudgeJamesMcKenziehasmadeshoplifters商店货物扒手standoutsideWal-MartwithsignsthatreadIamathiefputherebyorderofJudgeMcKenzieAlternativepunishmentslikecommunityserviceandfinesdon’tconveymoralcondemnation谴责ofthecriminal.saidDanKahanaUniversityofChicagoLawSchoolprofessorinanarticlepublishedontheuniversity’swebsite.Theyaren’tshamefulenough.ShamingpunishmentsaresometimescalledScarlet红色的Letterpunishments.ThenamecomesfromUSauthorNathanielHawthorne’s1850novelTheScarletLetter.InthisnovelawomanisforcedtowearascarletAonherclothesaspunishmentforheradultery通奸.HoweverUniversityofIowalawprofessorAndrewHosmaneksaidthereisanimportantdifferencebetweentheshamingpunishmentsofcolonialAmericaandthoseassignedinstateslikeTennessee.Earlysocietiesoftenhadareacceptanceceremonytowelcometheoffenderbackintomainsociety.saysHosmanek.ContemporarypunishmentsinAmericalackthis.Supportersofshamingpunishmentarguethatpublicshamingisagoodwayofexpressingcommunityvalues.Somejudgessayshamedoffendersseldomrepeattheircrimes.Othersaren’tsosure.Thereislittleevidencetosuggestthatshamingpunishmentsaresuccessfulinpreventingpeoplefromcommittingspecificcrimes.Andashamedcriminalmayfaceahardbattletoregaincredibilityinsociety.saidHosmanek.Soashamingpunishmentmayforcetheoffenderintomorecrimestosupporthimself.Expertsalsodebateshamingpunishment’sdamagetohumandignity.Sincethepointistoshameit’sofcoursedegrading侮辱人格的.saidLindaMalonedirectoroftheHumanRightsandNationalSecurityLawProgrammeatWilliamandMaryLawSchool.USlawonlyprohibitspunishmentthatis’cruelandunusual’-not’inhumananddegrading’.It’sverydifficultforathieftoprovethatholdingasigninfrontofWal-Martis’cruelandunusual’./WhichofthefollowingpunishmentsdoesNOTmorallycondemnacriminal
DThedaysofelderlywomendoingnothingbutcookinghugemealsonholidaysaregone.EntertheRedHatSociety--agroupholdingthebeliefthatoldladiesshouldhavefun.Mygrandmothersdidn’tdoanythingbutkeephouseandserveeverybody.TheywereprogrammedtodothatsaidEmilyCornetteheadofachapterofthe7-year-oldRedHatSociety.Whilemenhavelongspenttheirtimefishingandplayinggolfwomenhavesometimesseemedtobecomeunnoticedastheyage.Butthegenerationnowturning50isthebabyboomers生育高峰期出生的人andthesamepeoplewhorefusedtheirparents’wayofbeingyoungarenowtryinganewwayofgrowingold.Ifyoutakeintoconsiderationfeminism女权主义abitofsparemoneyandbetterhealthformostelderlytheRedHatSocietylooksalmostinevitable必然的.Inthissocietywomenover50wearredhatsandpurple紫色的clotheswhilethewomenunder50wearpinkhatsandlightpurpleclothing.TheorganizationtooktheideafromapoembyJennyJosephthatbegins:WhenIamanoldwomanIshallwearpurple.Witharedhatwhichdoesn’tgosaidEllenCooperwhofoundedtheRedHatSocietyin1998.Whentheladiesstartedtoweartheredhatstheyattractedlotsofattention.ThepointofthisisthatweneedarestfromalwaysdoingsomethingforsomeoneelseCoopersaidWomenfeelsoashamedandsorrywhentheydosomethingforthemselves.Thisiswhychaptersarediscouragedfromraisingmoneyordoinganythinguseful.We’realadies’playgroup.Itcouldn’tbemoresimpleaddedCooper’sassistantJoeHeywood.WomenjointheRedHatSocietybecause______.
FTodaytherearepolicemeneverywherebutin1700Londonhadnopolicemenatall.Afewoldmenusedtoprotectthecitystreetsatnightandtheywerenotpaid.About300yearsagoLondonwasstartingtogetbiggerandmoreandmorepeoplebegantolivethere.Thecitywasverydirtyandmanypeoplewerepoor.Thereweresomanythieveswhostolemoneyinthestreetsthatpeoplestayedintheirhomesasmuchaspossible.In1750HenryFieldingstartedtopayagroupofpeopletostopthieves.TheywerelikepolicemenandwerecalledBowStreetRunnersbecausetheyworkednearBowStreet.Fiftyyearslatertherewere120BowStreetRunnersbutLondonhadbecomeverybigandneededmorepolicemen.Soin1829thefirstMetropolitanorLondonPoliceForcewasstartedwith3000officers.Mostofthemenworkedonfootbutafewrodehorses.Until1920allthepoliceinLondonweremen.TodaytheLondonpolicearequitewellpaidandforthefewpoliceofficerswhostillridehorsesthepayisevenbetterthanfortheothers.TodayLondonpoliceofficerswhoridehorsesarepaid______.
FTodaytherearepolicemeneverywherebutin1700Londonhadnopolicemenatall.Afewoldmenusedtoprotectthecitystreetsatnightandtheywerenotpaid.About300yearsagoLondonwasstartingtogetbiggerandmoreandmorepeoplebegantolivethere.Thecitywasverydirtyandmanypeoplewerepoor.Thereweresomanythieveswhostolemoneyinthestreetsthatpeoplestayedintheirhomesasmuchaspossible.In1750HenryFieldingstartedtopayagroupofpeopletostopthieves.TheywerelikepolicemenandwerecalledBowStreetRunnersbecausetheyworkednearBowStreet.Fiftyyearslatertherewere120BowStreetRunnersbutLondonhadbecomeverybigandneededmorepolicemen.Soin1829thefirstMetropolitanorLondonPoliceForcewasstartedwith3000officers.Mostofthemenworkedonfootbutafewrodehorses.Until1920allthepoliceinLondonweremen.TodaytheLondonpolicearequitewellpaidandforthefewpoliceofficerswhostillridehorsesthepayisevenbetterthanfortheothers.Peopledidn’tleavetheirhousesbecause______.
第4篇TryingtoFindaPartnerOneofthemoststrikingfindingsofarecentpollintheUKisthatofthepeopleinterviewedoneintwobelievesthatitisbecomingmoredifficulttomeetsomeonetostartafamilywith.WhyaremanyfindingitincreasinglydifficulttostartandsustainintimaterelationshipsDoesmodernlifereallymakeithardertofallinloveOrarewemakingitharderforourselvesItiscertainlythecasetodaythatcontemporarycouplesbenefitindifferentwaysfromrelationships.Womennolongerrelyuponpartnersforeconomicsecurityorstatus.Amandoesn’texpecthisspousetobeinsolechargeofrunninghishouseholdandraisinghischildren.Butperhapstheknowledgethatwecanliveperfectlywellwithoutapartnershipmeansthatittakesmuchmoretopersuadepeopletoabandontheirindependence.Intheoryfindingapartnershouldbemuchsimplerthesedays.Onlyafewgenerationsagoyourchoiceofsoulmate心上人wasconstrainedbygeographysocialconventionandfamilytradition.Althoughitwasneverexplicitmanymarriageswereessentiallyarranged.Nowthosebarriershavebeenbrokendown.Youcanapproachabuilderorabrainsurgeoninanybarinanycityonanygivenevening.Whentheworldisyouroyster牡蛎yousurelyhaveabetterchanceoffindingapearl.Butitseemsthattheoldconventionshavebeenreplacedbyaneventighterconstraint:thetyrannyofchoice.Theexpectationsofpartnersareinflatedtoanunmanageabledegree:goodlooksimpressivesalarykindtograndmotherandrightsocks.Thereisnoroomforerrorinthefirstimpression.Wethinkthatarelationshipcanbeperfect.Ifitisn’titisdisposable.Weworktoprotectourselvesagainstfutureheartacheanddon’tputinthehardemotionallaborneededtobuildastrongrelationship.Ofcoursethisiscomplicatedbyrealities.Thecostofhousingandchild-rearingcreatespressuretohaveastableincomeandcareerbeforealifepartnership.Whatdoestherecentpollshow
CWithonlyabout1000pandasleftintheworldChinaisdesperatelytryingtoclonetheanimalandsavetheendangeredspecies.That’samovesimilartowhataTexasA&MUniversityresearcherhasbeenundertakingforthepastfiveyearsinaprojectcalledNoah’sArk.Dr.DuaneKraemeraprofessorinTexasA&M’sCollegeofVeterinaryMedicineandapioneerinembryo胚胎transferworkandrelatedproceduressayshesalutestheChineseeffortandIwishthemallthebestsuccesspossible.It’saworthwhileprojectcertainlynotaneasyoneandit’sverymuchlikewhatwe’reattemptinghereatTexasA&M--tosaveanimalsfromextinction.Noah’sArkisaimedatcollectingeggsembryossemen精子andDNAofendangeredanimalsandstoringtheminliquidnitrogen.IfcertainspeciesshouldbecomeextinctKraemersaystherewouldbeenoughofthebasicbuildingblockstoreintroducethespeciesinthefuture.Itisestimatedthatasmanyas2000speciesofmammalsbirdsandreptileswillbecomeextinctoverthenext100years.ThepandanativeonlytoChinaisindangerofbecomingextinctinthenext25years.ThisweekChinesescientistssaidtheygrewanembryobyintroducingcellsfromadeadfemalepandaintotheeggcellsofaJapanesewhiterabbit.Theyarenowtryingtoimplanttheembryointoahostanimal.Theentireprocedurecouldtakefromthreetofiveyearstocomplete.ThenucleartransferofonespeciestoanotherisnoteasyandthelackofavailablepandaeggscouldbeamajorproblemKraemerbelieves.Theywillprobablyhavetodoseveralhundredtransferstoresultinonepregnancy.Ittakesalongtimeandit’sdifficultbutthiscouldbegroundbreakingscienceifitworks.TheyarecertainlynotputtinganylivepandasatrisksoitisworththeeffortaddsKraemerwhoisoneoftheleadersoftheMissyplicityProjectatTexasA&Mthefirsteverattemptatcloningadog.Theyaretryingtodosomethingthat’sneverbeendoneandthisisverysimilartoourworkinNoah’sArk.We’rebothtryingtosaveanimalsthatfaceextinction.Icertainlyapplaudtheireffortandthere’salotwecanlearnfromwhattheyareattemptingtodo.It’saresearchthatisverymuchneeded./WhatcouldbethemajorproblemincloningpandasaccordingtoProfessorKraemer
第4篇TryingtoFindaPartnerOneofthemoststrikingfindingsofarecentpollintheUKisthatofthepeopleinterviewedoneintwobelievesthatitisbecomingmoredifficulttomeetsomeonetostartafamilywith.WhyaremanyfindingitincreasinglydifficulttostartandsustainintimaterelationshipsDoesmodernlifereallymakeithardertofallinloveOrarewemakingitharderforourselvesItiscertainlythecasetodaythatcontemporarycouplesbenefitindifferentwaysfromrelationships.Womennolongerrelyuponpartnersforeconomicsecurityorstatus.Amandoesn’texpecthisspousetobeinsolechargeofrunninghishouseholdandraisinghischildren.Butperhapstheknowledgethatwecanliveperfectlywellwithoutapartnershipmeansthatittakesmuchmoretopersuadepeopletoabandontheirindependence.Intheoryfindingapartnershouldbemuchsimplerthesedays.Onlyafewgenerationsagoyourchoiceofsoulmate心上人wasconstrainedbygeographysocialconventionandfamilytradition.Althoughitwasneverexplicitmanymarriageswereessentiallyarranged.Nowthosebarriershavebeenbrokendown.Youcanapproachabuilderorabrainsurgeoninanybarinanycityonanygivenevening.Whentheworldisyouroyster牡蛎yousurelyhaveabetterchanceoffindingapearl.Butitseemsthattheoldconventionshavebeenreplacedbyaneventighterconstraint:thetyrannyofchoice.Theexpectationsofpartnersareinflatedtoanunmanageabledegree:goodlooksimpressivesalarykindtograndmotherandrightsocks.Thereisnoroomforerrorinthefirstimpression.Wethinkthatarelationshipcanbeperfect.Ifitisn’titisdisposable.Weworktoprotectourselvesagainstfutureheartacheanddon’tputinthehardemotionallaborneededtobuildastrongrelationship.Ofcoursethisiscomplicatedbyrealities.Thecostofhousingandchild-rearingcreatespressuretohaveastableincomeandcareerbeforealifepartnership.Thewordsustainparagraph2couldbebestreplacedby______.
CWithonlyabout1000pandasleftintheworldChinaisdesperatelytryingtoclonetheanimalandsavetheendangeredspecies.That’samovesimilartowhataTexasA&MUniversityresearcherhasbeenundertakingforthepastfiveyearsinaprojectcalledNoah’sArk.Dr.DuaneKraemeraprofessorinTexasA&M’sCollegeofVeterinaryMedicineandapioneerinembryo胚胎transferworkandrelatedproceduressayshesalutestheChineseeffortandIwishthemallthebestsuccesspossible.It’saworthwhileprojectcertainlynotaneasyoneandit’sverymuchlikewhatwe’reattemptinghereatTexasA&M--tosaveanimalsfromextinction.Noah’sArkisaimedatcollectingeggsembryossemen精子andDNAofendangeredanimalsandstoringtheminliquidnitrogen.IfcertainspeciesshouldbecomeextinctKraemersaystherewouldbeenoughofthebasicbuildingblockstoreintroducethespeciesinthefuture.Itisestimatedthatasmanyas2000speciesofmammalsbirdsandreptileswillbecomeextinctoverthenext100years.ThepandanativeonlytoChinaisindangerofbecomingextinctinthenext25years.ThisweekChinesescientistssaidtheygrewanembryobyintroducingcellsfromadeadfemalepandaintotheeggcellsofaJapanesewhiterabbit.Theyarenowtryingtoimplanttheembryointoahostanimal.Theentireprocedurecouldtakefromthreetofiveyearstocomplete.ThenucleartransferofonespeciestoanotherisnoteasyandthelackofavailablepandaeggscouldbeamajorproblemKraemerbelieves.Theywillprobablyhavetodoseveralhundredtransferstoresultinonepregnancy.Ittakesalongtimeandit’sdifficultbutthiscouldbegroundbreakingscienceifitworks.TheyarecertainlynotputtinganylivepandasatrisksoitisworththeeffortaddsKraemerwhoisoneoftheleadersoftheMissyplicityProjectatTexasA&Mthefirsteverattemptatcloningadog.Theyaretryingtodosomethingthat’sneverbeendoneandthisisverysimilartoourworkinNoah’sArk.We’rebothtryingtosaveanimalsthatfaceextinction.Icertainlyapplaudtheireffortandthere’salotwecanlearnfromwhattheyareattemptingtodo.It’saresearchthatisverymuchneeded./HowlongwilltheChinesepandacloningprojecttakeaccordingtothepassage
第3篇ShamingPunishmentsLastmonthJamesConnollyajuniorattheUniversityofMassachusettsstoodinfrontofalocalpolicestationwearingatoga长袍aspunishment.HiscrimeHewaschargedwithunderagedrinkingillegalpossessionofalcoholandexcessivenoisewhileholdingaparty.ThisshamingpunishmenthasincreasedintheUSinrecentyearsmostlyimposedbylocaljudgesforlessseriouscrimessuchasdrunkdrivingandtheft.Theybelieveshameisthebestpettycrimedeterrent威慑.ForexampleinTennesseeJudgeJamesMcKenziehasmadeshoplifters商店货物扒手standoutsideWal-MartwithsignsthatreadIamathiefputherebyorderofJudgeMcKenzieAlternativepunishmentslikecommunityserviceandfinesdon’tconveymoralcondemnation谴责ofthecriminal.saidDanKahanaUniversityofChicagoLawSchoolprofessorinanarticlepublishedontheuniversity’swebsite.Theyaren’tshamefulenough.ShamingpunishmentsaresometimescalledScarlet红色的Letterpunishments.ThenamecomesfromUSauthorNathanielHawthorne’s1850novelTheScarletLetter.InthisnovelawomanisforcedtowearascarletAonherclothesaspunishmentforheradultery通奸.HoweverUniversityofIowalawprofessorAndrewHosmaneksaidthereisanimportantdifferencebetweentheshamingpunishmentsofcolonialAmericaandthoseassignedinstateslikeTennessee.Earlysocietiesoftenhadareacceptanceceremonytowelcometheoffenderbackintomainsociety.saysHosmanek.ContemporarypunishmentsinAmericalackthis.Supportersofshamingpunishmentarguethatpublicshamingisagoodwayofexpressingcommunityvalues.Somejudgessayshamedoffendersseldomrepeattheircrimes.Othersaren’tsosure.Thereislittleevidencetosuggestthatshamingpunishmentsaresuccessfulinpreventingpeoplefromcommittingspecificcrimes.Andashamedcriminalmayfaceahardbattletoregaincredibilityinsociety.saidHosmanek.Soashamingpunishmentmayforcetheoffenderintomorecrimestosupporthimself.Expertsalsodebateshamingpunishment’sdamagetohumandignity.Sincethepointistoshameit’sofcoursedegrading侮辱人格的.saidLindaMalonedirectoroftheHumanRightsandNationalSecurityLawProgrammeatWilliamandMaryLawSchool.USlawonlyprohibitspunishmentthatis’cruelandunusual’-not’inhumananddegrading’.It’sverydifficultforathieftoprovethatholdingasigninfrontofWal-Martis’cruelandunusual’./Thewordsuggest’inParagraph9couldbebestreplacedby______.
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