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Everybody hates rats. But in the earthquake capitals of the world – Japan, Los Angeles, Turkey – ra...
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高中英语《黑龙江省鹤岗一中11-12学年高一上学期期末考试(英语)》真题及答案
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Everybodyhatesrats.Butratsmaysoonbeman’snewgoodfri
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PresentorFuture?Americansarefuture-minded.Theyreallyliveinthefuture.Thepresentisjustawaystation.ThisenthusiasmforthefutureisreallynotsharedevenbyallEuropeancountries.TheFrenchareknowntobepresent-mindedwhiletheBritishareoftencalledpast-minded.ForJapaneseZenfollowerstimeislikeapoolofwater.Thingsjusthappen.Thereisnopastpresentorfuture.Egyptiansarewellknownfortheirpastmindedness.Ididnotgrowupwithatelephone.SotheYellowPagesweresomethingbrandnewformewhenIfirstarrivedintheU..S...Istillhadthehabitofgoingtoastoreonlytofindoutthatitdidn'thavewhatIneeded.MywifeusedtoaskDidn'tyoucallbeforegoingthere?Theconceptofcallingaheadoftimerequiresplanningandafuturemindwhilemyupbringingwasinapresent-mindedculture.Onethingmynuclearfamilyenjoyswhenmymomvisitsishercooking.SonormallyIaskmymomacoupleofdaysinadvancewhatthingssheneedsfortheupcomingmeals.Sheisalwayssurethatshehaseverything.Thetruthisthatmanytimesinthemiddleofcookingshewillaskforitemswedon'thave.Thatshowsapresentmind.Youdealwithitwhenyougetthereinsteadofdoingadvancedplanning.Listeningtoweatherforecastsandthenlivingyourlifeaccordinglyisasignofafuturemind.NormallywhenIgettoworkandseeeveryonewalkingaroundwiththeirumbrellasIfigurethatitwillraintoday.Herepeoplearetrainedfromtheirchildhoodtofigureoutatleastthatday'sexpectedweatherbeforeleavingthehouse.Iamnormallymissingmyumbrellabecauseitwasnotrainingandtheskydidnothavedarkclouds.Heremypresentmindgetsmeweteverytime.MainstreamAmericanshaveputinsidethemselvestheclocktoadegreewhichisbeyondthecomprehensionofmanyculturesacrosstheglobe.SotheannoyancemanyAmericansfacewhenworkingwithpeoplefromotherculturesisunderstandable.Intoday'sdialoguebuildingthebridgetothe21stcenturymayturnouttobeeasierthanbuildingbridgeswithothercultureswhichmayappeartobesoforeign.Howevertheyarevitalpartnersforourinterdependentlifeonthisplanet.60.Theauthorwasmostlikelybornin____.A.AmericaB.FranceC.BritainD.Egypt61.Whichistrueabouttheauthor?A.Hewasmorefuture-mindedthanhismother.B.HereceivedmostofhiseducationinJapan.C.Helearnedtochecktheweatherbeforegoingout.D.Hedislikedcallingthestorebeforegoingshopping.62.What'sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Americansvaluetimemorethananyotherculture.B.Americansshouldbeunderstoodbyothercultures.C.Communicationbetweenculturesiseasierthanbefore.D.Harmonyshouldbeachieveddespiteculturaldifferences.
HighSpeedBookScannerSimplyturningpagesofabookquicklymaynotseemlikethebestwaytoscanit.A.JapaneseresearchgroupatTokyoUniversityhascreatednewsoftwarethatallowshundredsofpagestobescannedwithinminutes.ScanningtextisnormallyaboringprocesswitheachpagehavingtobeinsertedintoascannerbuttheteamledbyProfessorMasatoshiIshikawausesahighspeedcamerathattakes500picturesasecondtoscanpagesastheyareturnedbyworkers.NormalscannerscanonlyscantheinformationthatisactuallybeforethemonthepagE.Thishighspeedbookscannerusesacamerathatcapturespagesat1000fpsastheyareturneD.A.systembuiltinallowsittoautomaticallycorrectanychangestothetextduetothepagebendingaswellaslightdifferencesduetoshadows.IttakesashotoftheshapethenitcalculatestheshapeandusesthosecalculationstofilmthescanningIshikawasaidexplainingthesystemusedtoreconstructtheoriginalpagE.Thecurrentsystemisabletoscananaverage250-pagebookinalittleover60secondsusingbasiccomputerhardwarE.Whileitnowrequiresextratimetoprocessthescannedimages影像theresearchershopetoeventuallymakethetechnologybothfasterandmuchsmaller.Inthemoredistantfutureonceitbecomespossibletoputallofthisprocessingononechip芯片andthenputthatinaniPadoriPodonecouldscanjustusingthatchip.AtthatpointitbecomespossibletoscansomethingquicklytosaveforlaterreadingIshikawasaiD.BeingabletoscanbookswithaniPhonemaybefurtheroffbutIshikawasaysthatacommercialversionofthelarge-scalecomputerbasedscanningsystemcouldbeavailableintwoorthreeyears.Whilethetechnologyhasthepotentialtotakepaperbooksintothedigitalageitremainstobehowpublisherswillreacttopeoplescanningtheirbookswhilejustturningpagesquickly.63.Accordingtothepassagetheadvantageofthenewscanningsoftwareisthat______.A.thereisnoneedtoscaneverypageB.itcanworkmuchmoreeffectivelyC.nomanpowerisneededinoperatingthescannerD.itcanmakethescanningprocessmoreinteresting64.AccordingtoIshikawathescannerworksby_____.A.changingtheshapeoftheimagesB.reducingthesizeoftheimagesC.reconstructingtheoriginalpageD.scanningseveralpagesatthesametime65.WhatisIshikawa’sattitudetowardsthedevelopmentofthescanningsystem?A.OptimistiC.B.Uncertain.C.Disapproving.D.Cautious.66.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemean?A.Peoplewillgetanybooktheylikemoreeasily.B.PublisherswillrefusetocommentonthenewsoftwarE.C.PublisherswillprobablynotwelcomethenewsoftwarE.D.Peoplewon’tneedtobuybooksanymorewithaniPhonE.
CoralPolgeisapersonwhohasprovidedcomforttothousands.ShehasaremarkabletalentwhichmayprovethesurvivalofthehumanspiritafterdeathforCoralisamediumwhodrawstheportraitsofspiritswhocontacther.CoralwhoseparentswerespiritualistswasbroughtupinHarrowNorthLondonwheresheattendedalocalspiritualistchurch.Shestudiedartatthelocalcollegewhereshespecializedintextiledesign.Eventhoughatthetimeshewasn’tverygoodatdrawingportraitsshemetamediumwhotoldhershewouldbeapsychic通灵的artist.Shedoesn’tactuallyseethedeadnorareherhandscontrolledbythespirits;insteadshe‘feels’themcomingthrough.Earlyinhercareershedrewtheportraitsof‘spiritguides’fromwhomshehadreceivedhelp.TheseportraitsofguideswhoincludedRedIndiansnunsandmonkswereremarkableyetcouldhavebeenattributedtotheworkingofastrongimagination.ShealsodrewportraitsbyholdingontolettersthathadbeenwrittenbypeoplewhohadsincedieD.Coralsays‘Iknowexactlywhattodrawwithoutthinkingaboutit.It’sinvoluntarylikebreathingorwalking.’NotonlyareherportraitsagoodlikenessbutshesketcheshersubjectsinclothestheywouldhaveworninlifE.CoralhasdisplayedhertalentatpublicmeetingsaroundtheworlD.AtonegatheringtherewasawomanwhosegrandfatherhadjustdieD.HernamewasPhyllisTimms.CoralmadeasketchofamanwhohadalongmoustacheandPhyllisrecognizedthemanashergrandfather.Howevershewasreluctanttoacknowledgetheportraitwithoutextraproof.Coralthensaidthatthecolourgreenwasalinkwiththemanwhomshehaddrawn.MrsTimmswhosemaidennamehadbeenGreenunderstoodthesignificanceofthecommentandclaimedtheportrait.TherearesomepeopleforwhomthisisevidenceofsurvivalfrombeyondthegravE.Otherswhohavetheirreservationsmayputitdowntoanextraordinarykindofextrasensoryperception超感知觉.WhateverthereasonitremainsagiftimpossibletoexplainawayandweshouldtrytokeepanopenminD.55.Coraldrawstheportraitofspiritsinorderto_________.A.provetheexistenceofthehumanspirit.B.helpthosepeoplewhomissthedeaD.C.showoffherspecialtalent.D.inspirepeoplewhobelieveinghosts.56.AccordingtothepassageCoralcandrawthespiritsmostprobablybecause________.A.shecouldseethespirits.B.shelearneditfromcollegE.C.shehadastrongimagination.D.shewasgiftedtofeelthespirits.57.IntheexampleofPhyllisTimms_________________.A.CoralfailedtodrawtheportraitofthedeaD.B.Phylliseventuallyadmittedtheportraitwasrightabouthergrandfather.C.CoralknewgreenwasanamE.D.Phyllisdidn’tproveCoral’stalent.58.Whatwecaninferfromthelastparagraphisthat______________________.A.peopleshouldbelieveinthespirits.B.sciencecanexplainwhathappenedtoCoral.C.peoplecanlearnsupernaturalpowers.D.somemysteriesonhumanbeingshaven’tbeensolvedyet.
DearParentsoftheClassof2015.OnbehalfoftheUniversitywewouldliketoinviteyoutoattendFreshmanParentsWeekendwhichwilltakeplaceFriday-SundayOct.14-162011.FreshmanParentsWeekendisdesignedtointroduceyoutosomeofthemostimportantaspectsofundergraduatelifeatPrinceton.Paneldiscussionslecturesandpresentationswillprovideyouwithopportunitiestohearfromandaskquestionsofadministrators管理者staffandcllegestudentswhoarefamiliarwiththeacademiccampuslifeandresidential住校experiencesofourneweststudents.OpenhousestourspresentationsandculturalandathleticeventswillallowyoutoexperiencemanyoftheactivitiesPrincetonstudentsvalueandenjoy.Justasimportantastheformalprogramistheopportunityforyoursonsanddaughterstosharetheirexcitementabouttheirlivesastheyspendtimewithyouintroduceyoutotheirfriendsandshowyouaroundthecampus.PleaseusetheonlineregistrationformtoletusknowwhetheryouwillbeabletocometoPrincetonforFreshmanParentsWeekenD.IfyouprefertoprinttheformtofilloutpleasesubmitthecompletedformnolaterthanWednesdayOct.5.ShouldyouhavequestionsorwantfurtherinformationpleasecontactLucyWeiseattheOfficeofConferenceandEventServicesat609258-1741oremaillweise@princeton.edu.Wedohopeyouwillbeabletojoinusandwelookforwardtomeetingyou.SincerelyValerieSmithDeanoftheCollegeCynthiaCherreyVicePresidentforCampusLife44.Wherecanyoupossiblyreadthistext?A.Inanewspaper.B.OnawebpagE.C.Inatextbook.D.InamagazinE.45.Thepurposeofthewriteristo.A.tellhowtousetheonlineregistrationfromB.announceaweekendeventforfreshmenandaformalinhibitionC.introducesomeusefulinformationaboutthelifeatPrincetonD.invitefreshmen’sparentstoattendFreshmanParentsWeekend46.Afterfillingouttheprintedformwhatshouldtheparentsdo?A.PresentitontimE.B.ContactLucyWeiseC.Writealettertotheirchildren.D.Obeytherulesoftheactivities.47.TheactivitiesinFreshmanParentsWeekendcan’tbelearnedthrough.A.contactingLucyWeiseat609258-1741B.readingParagraph4andParagraph6C.readingParagraph2andParagraph3D.emailinglweise@princeton.cdu
Memoryistheabilitytokeeptrackofthingsthathavehappenedinthepast.Memoryreallyislearning.OneneedsmemorytorideabicyclE.A.dogneedstorememberifitistocomewhencalleD.Memoryissaidtobestoredinthebrainasamemorytrace记忆痕.Whatmakesupthistraceisnotknown.Somescientistsbelievethatcertainchemicalsubstancesmaycarrycertainmemories.Forexampleonesubstancewhengiventoratscausesthemtofearthedark.Otherresearchintomemoryhastodowithhowthebrainworks.Psychologistsusethreemeanstofindouthowapersonremembers.Forexamplegiveapersonagrocerylist.Letthepersonmemorizethelistthenputitaway.Themostnaturalwaytofindouthowmuchapersonremembersofthegrocerylististoaskwhatheorsheremembers.Thisiscalledthemethodofrecall.Anothermethodiscalledrecognition.Givethepersonanothergrocerylist.Askhimorhertochooseitemsonthefirstlistfromtheitemsthatareononlythesecondlist.Oftenapersonwillbeabletorecognizethingsthatheorshecannotrecall.A.thirdmethodoffindinghowmuchapersonremembersiscalledrelearning.Herethepersonisaskedtoreadoverthefirstlist.ThepersonwillprobablylearnthelistthesecondtimefasterthanhedidthefirsttimE.ThedifferenceinthetimeittakestorelearnthelististhoughtofasameasureofhowmuchapersonhasremembereD.Onewayofrememberingsomethingistorepeatitmanytimes.Interestisveryimportant.Boringlistsoffactsaremuchmoredifficulttorememberthansomethingthatweunderstandandareinterestedin.Motivationorwantingtodosomethingisalsoimportant.MotivationislinkedwithrewarD.ForexampleahungryanimalquicklylearnshowtodosomethingifthatactiongetstheanimalfooD.Inhumanswantingtolearnisoftenmotivation.Thepraiseofateacherortheknowledgethatanansweriscorrectisrewarding.49.Wecanlearnfromthe2ndparagraphthat___________.A.badmemoriesmaycauseratstofearthedarkB.itishardtotellwhatamemorytraceconsistsofC.chemicalsubstancescarrycertainmemoriesD.memoryisstoredinthebrainasasubstance50.Thewaytopickouttheitemsonthefirstlistfromthesecondisknownas________.A.recognitionB.recallC.memorizationD.relearning51.Whatisconsideredasameasureofhowmuchonehasremembered?A.Thelengthofthelist.B.Thetypeoflistitems.C.Thetimedifferenceofrelearning.D.Thetimedifferenceofbrainworking.52.A.goodwaytotrainananimaltodosomethingquicklyisto________.A.maketheactioneasyB.praiseitinwordsC.rewarditwithfoodD.weakenitsmotivation
Australianshavebeenwarnedtheyfacealife-and-deathdecisionovertheirwater—drinkrecycledsewage污水ordiE.Withthedrought干旱continuingthecountryissettobeforcedtousepurified净化的wastewaterfordrinkingeventhoughthereisgreatoppositiontothemeasurE.Queenslandhasbecomethefirststatetointroducethepolicyafterawarningfromitspremier.IthinkintheendbecauseofthedroughtallofAustraliaisgoingtoendupdrinkingrecycledpurifiedwatersaidPeterBeattiE.ThesearedifficultdecisionsbutyoueitherdrinkwateroryoudiE.There’snochoicE.It’sliquidgolD.It’samatteroflifeanddeath.BeattiesaidAustralia’ssecondlargeststatewouldbecomethefirsttouserecycledwaterfordrinking.WaterisrecycledinBritainandpartsofnorthernEuropealongwiththeUSandIsrael.ButAustralianshaveneverlikedtheideA.TotrytochangethewayAustraliansthinkPrimeMinisterJohnHowardandEnvironmentMinisterMalcolmTurnbullhaveadheredtoQueensland’smovE.IamverystronglyforrecyclingandMr.BeattieisrightandIagreewithhimcompletelyHowardsaiD.AustraliancitiesallnowfacingwatershortagesbecauseoftheworstdroughtonrecordmuststarttouserecycledwateraddedTurnbull.Allofourbigcitieshavetowidentherangeofwatersourcestoincludesourceswhicharenotdependentonrainfall.72.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Nobodydisagreestotheideaofdrinkingrecycledpurifiedwater.B.Australia’ssecondlargeststatehasbecomethefirststatetointroducethepolicy.C.NoothercountriesbutAustraliadecidestodrinkrecycledwater.D.ThedroughtistheworstoneinthedroughtsrecordedinAustralianhistory.73.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Australianshaveneverlikeddrinkingpurifiedwastewater.B.AustraliansshoulddevelopmorewatersourcestolivethroughthehardtimE.C.Australianscan’tdependuponrainwaterwhichisnotsuitablefordrinking.D.AustraliangovernmenthasnoabilitytosolvetheproblemofwatershortagE.74.TheunderlinedphraseadheredtoinParagraph9probablymeans_______.A.dislikedB.goneagainstC.supportedD.doubted75.ItcanbeinferredfromwhatPeterBeattiesaidthat_______.A.hegivesorderstodrinkpurifiedwastewaterB.itispainfulforhimtoseehispeopledrinkrecycledsewageC.ifthedecisionismadepeoplewon’tsurvivethedroughtD.it’suptoyoutomakealife-and-deathdecision
ResearchledbyUKandAustralianscientistssheds发出newlightontherolethatourancestorsplayedintheextinctionofAustralia'sprehistoricanimals.ThenewstudyprovidesthefirstevidencethatTasmania'sgiantprehistoricanimalswerestilllivingontheislandwhenhumansfirstarriveD.ThefindingssuggestthatthemassextinctionofTasmania'slargeprehistoricanimalswastheresultofhumanhuntingandnotclimatechangeaspreviouslybelieveD.ScientistshavelongarguedoverthereasonsbehindtheworldwidemassextinctionthattookplacetowardstheendofthelasticeagE.Themainculpritsaregenerallythoughttobeclimatechangeorsomeformofhumanimpact.PeopleonlyarrivedinTasmaniaaround43000yearsagowhentheislandbecametemporarilyconnectedbyalandbridgetomainlandAustraliA.NoneofTasmania'sgiantanimalsknownasmegafaunawereknowntohavesurviveduntilthistimE.Thisappearedtoclearhumansofanyinvolvementinthedisappearanceoftheisland'slargemegafaunA.ThisnewinternationalstudyreportsthediscoveryofgiantkangaroossurvivinginTasmaniauntilpeoplearrivedplacinghumansbackonthelistoflikelyculpritsfortheextinctionofthemegafaunA.UsingthelatesttechniquestheteamwereabletodeterminetheageofthefossilizedremainsofthemegafaunamoreaccuratelythaneverbeforE.Theresultsshowedthatsomeoftheseanimalssurviveduntilatleast41000yearsago一muchlaterthanpreviouslythoughtandupto2000yearsafterthefirsthumansettlersarriveD.AsclimateinTasmaniawasnotchangingdramaticallyatthistimetheresearchersarguethatthisisevidenceofthesespeciesbeingdriventoextinctionthroughover-huntingbyhumans.58.TheunderlinedwordculpritsinParagraph3probablymeans______.A.resultsB.signalsC.theoriesD.reasons59.Thethirdparagraphmainlytellsus________.A.theconclusionofpreviousstudiesB.whenandhowhumansarrivedinTasmaniaC.thedisappearanceofTasmania'sgiantanimalsD.thereasonsfortheworldwidemassextinction60.ItcanbeinferredfromtheresultsofthenewstudythatafterhumansarrivedinTasmania_________.A.theykilledalotofgiantanimalsB.giantanimalsbegantodisappearC.theybuiltabridgetothemainlandD.climatebegantochangedramatically61.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe________.A.GiantprehistoricanimalsfoundinTasmaniaB.ClimatechangeandhumanactivitiesC.Humansinvolvedinprehistoricanimals’extinctionD.Rolesofclimatechangeandhumanactivities
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Theymaybejustpassingyourofficecomputerbagslung悬挂overoneshoulder.Ortheymaybesittinginacaroutsideitcausallytappingawayatalaptop.Theylooklikeinnocentpassers-by.Infacttheyarestealingyourcorporatesecrets.Drive-byhackingisthetrendytermgiventothepracticeofbreakingintowirelesscomputernetworksfromoutsidethebuildingsthathousethem.A.recentstudyintheUKsponsoredbyRSADataSecurityfoundthattwo-thirdsoforganizationswithwirelessnetworkswereriskingtheirdatainthisway.Securityexpertspatrolled巡逻severalstreetsintheCityofLondonseekingevidenceofwirelessnetworksinoperation.Of124thattheyidentified83weresendingdatawithoutencrypting加密them.Suchdatacouldreadilybepickedupbyapasser-byarmedonlywithaportablecomputerawirelessmodemandafewpiecesofsoftwarethatcanbefreelydownloadedfromtheInternet.Thedatacouldincludesensitivecompanydocumentscontainingvaluableinformation.Ortheycouldbee-mailidentitiesandpasswordsthatcouldbeusedbyhackerstologintocorporatenetworksasiftheywerelegalusers.MostcompaniesusingwirelessnetworkingtechnologydonottakeeventhesimplestofmeasurestoprotecttheirdatA.Nearlyallwirelessnetworktechnologycomeswithsomebasicsecurityfeaturesthatneedonlytobeactivated激活inordertogiveaminimumlevelofsecurityforexamplebyencryptingthedatabeingpassedoverthenetwork.RaymonKruckbusinessdevelopmentmanageratCheckPointSoftwareasecuritytechnologyspecialistbelievesthiscouldbepartlyapsychologicalproblem.Peopleseethesolidwallsoftheirbuildingassafeguardsandforgetthatwirelessnetworkscanextendupto200metersbeyondphysicalwalls.Companieswithoutanysecurityatallontheirwirelessnetworksmakeitridiculouslyeasyforhackerstobreakin.SwitchingonthesecuritythatcomeswiththenetworktechnologyshouldbeautomatiC.ThenthereareotherbasicstepsacompanycantakesaysMr.Krucksuchaschangingthepasswordsonthenetworkfromthedefault默认setting.CompaniescanalsoinstallfirewallswhichformabarrierbetweentheinternalnetworkandthepublicInternet.Theyshouldalsochecktheircomputerrecordsregularlytospotanyabnormalactivitywhichmightbetraythepresenceofahacker.41.AccordingtothestudysponsoredbyRSADataSecuritytwothirdsofthesubjects_______.A.hadmostoftheircompanydatastolenB.dependedonwirelesscomputernetworksC.wereexposedtodrive-byhackingD.wereunawareoftheriskofwirelesshacking42.WhichofthefollowingisNOTconsideredinthestudy?A.Thenumberofcomputerhackingincidents.B.ThenumberofwirelesscomputernetworksidentifieD.C.ThewayinwhichdataaresentandreceiveD.D.Thewayinwhichdataarehackedandstolen.43.Mostwirelessnetworktechnologyhas_________.A.dataencryptionprogramB.passwordsecurityprogramsC.illegal-userdetectionD.firewall44.RaymondKruckmostprobablyagreesthatwirelessnetworksecurityinvolves________.A.wirelesssignaladministrationB.changesinuser’sawarenessC.users’psychologicalhealthD.strongerphysicalwalls45.Thepassageislostlikelytobeseenina__________A.bookreviewB.sciencefictionC.textbookD.computermagazine
Thoughinadigitalagecollegestudentsnowadaysarestillholdingfasttotraditionalbooks.AccordingtotheNationalAssociationofCollegeStoresdigitalbooksmakeupjustunder3%oftextbooksalesalthoughtheassociationexpectsthatsharetogrowto10%to15%by2012asmoretitlesaremadeavailablease-books.Howeverthree-quartersofthestudentswhogrewuplearningfromprintbookssaythattheyareunwillingtogiveuptheabilitytoturnoverquicklybetweenchapterswriteintheedgesandhighlightpassages.Thenewtechnologyhasproducedvariousoptionsforstudents.CollegeBooksellerswhichoperates636campusbookstoresnationwideisnowmarketingitsnewsoftwareapplicationwhichallowsstudentstoreade-textbooksonPCs.Thecompanyintroducedthefreeapplicationlastsummerinhopesofattractingmorestudentstobuyitselectronictextbooks.Nowthebiggestbarrierisgettingthemtotryitsaidthecompany’svicepresident.Butnoteverytextbookisavailableindigitalorrentalformat.Generallyane-textbookischeaperthanausedbookthoughmoreexpensivethanarental.Theexpenseofcollegetextbookshasbecomeagreatconcernandteachersfromover40collegesnationwideareencouragedtoassigntextsthatarelessexpensiveortoofferthemfreeonlinE.Asthebuy-backpricedropsgreatlyandquicklysomeprofessorssuggestthatthebookstoresshouldnothavethelastsayandthereshouldbesomethingforstudentstodecidebythemselves.72.Collegestudentsprefertraditionalbooksmainlybecausethey______.A.wanttokeeptheabilityofreadingprinthooksB.havethehabitofturningoverquicklybetweenpagesC.finditinterestingtokeepnotesintheedgesofbooksD.feelmorerelaxedtoreadprintmaterials73.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothe2ndparagraph?______.A.CollegeBooksellersoperatesmorethan600bookstoresincampusB.ThefreeapplicationwasintroducedtoincreasesalesofelectronictextbooksC.CampusstudentsnowfancyatryofthefreesoftwareapplicationD.Thecompany'smanagementstillhastodomoretosellthee-books74.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat______.A.second-handbooksarecheaperthanrentalbooksB.allthetextbookshaveboththedigitalandrentalformatsC.thepricetotallydeterminesthestudent'sselectionofbooksD.thepriceofbuy-backbooksaredeterminedbybookstores75.Thebesttitleforthetextwouldbe______.A.AddictiontoTraditionalBooksB.PrintBooksinaDigitalWorldC.MoreTextsinDigitalFormatD.BookPriceDropsSharplyandQuickly
IUCNtheInternationalUnionforConservationofNatureIUCNWORLDCONSERVATIONCONGRESS大会6~15September2012JejuKorea•ForumAddressingtheworld'smostpressingsustainabledevelopmentchallengestheForumoffersauniqueplatformfordebatesworkshopsdialoguesroundtablediscussionstrainingcoursesmusicandexhibitions.EventsareorganizedbytheIUCNSecretariatIUCNMembersCommissionsandpartnersandthehostcountry.TheCallforContributionsinvitesyoutoproposeeventstobeconsideredfortheForumpartofCongresswhichisopentoallfrom7to11September2012.•SimplestepsonhowtosubmitaproposalfortheForum1Clickhere:CallforContributions:proposeaneventfortheForum.2GobelowSigninandcreateyouraccount.3Edityourproposal:Checkagainalltheinformationyouprovideandmakechangesifyouwantto.ClickonSavedraft.4Inviteco-organizers:Getpeopletojoinyouinorganizingtheeventbyinvitingthemviae-mail.5ClickonSubmitProposal.Basicallyyouhavetheopportunitytoteachhostadiscussiongivetrainingorjustshowyourwork.WorkshopsTEACH•120minutessessionnumberofpeopletobeconfirmed.•Theideaistopromoteunderstandingonaspecificissuewhileengagingparticipantstosharetheirknowledgeandknow-how.KnowledgeCafeDISCUSS•120minutessessionsuitablefor12peopleatthemost.•Theseaimtosharecollectiveknowledgeexploreareasofcommoninterestandgainadeeperunderstandingofasubjectandtheissuesinvolved.ConservationCampusTRAIN•Halfdayorfulldaymodules模式forupto30people.•It'saninteractive互动的trainingsessionwhereparticipantsdevelopnewskillsandknowledgetransferonrelevantconservationtopics.•Thistypeofeventprovidesmorein-depthexplorationoftopicsaimedatbuildingthecapacityofparticipants.PostersSHOW•Yourpostersaremeanttodisplayconservationworkandachievementsinaneasyanddirectway.•Ownerswillhavetimetopresenttheirposterduringlunchbreaksapproximately10minutes.60.TheCallforContributionsisintendedto________.A.appealtothepublictoprotecttheenvironmentB.invitemorepeopletoparticipateinworkshopsC.collectproposalsfortheForumofIUCNCongressD.introducethe2012IUCNWorldConservationCongress61.ThefollowingstatementsabouttheForumaretrueEXCEPTthat_______.A.itwilllast2hourswithmorethan30participantsB.ConservationCampuslastsabouthalfadayorawholedayC.thenumberofpeopleshouldn'tbemorethanadozeninaKnowledgeCafeD.aposterownerwillhaveabout10minutestopresenthisworkatlunchbreaks62.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat_______.A.theForumwilllastfrom6to15September2012B.thehostcountryistheonlyorganizeroftheForumC.areasofcommoninterestwillbeexploredinWorkshopsD.certainproceduresarerequiredforyourproposalstobeconsidered
AnewargumenthasbeenputforwardastowhetherpenguinsaredisturbedbythepresenceoftouristsinAntarcticA.PreviousresearchbyscientistsfromKeilUniversityinGermanymonitoredAdeliepenguinsandnotedthatthebirds’heartratesincreaseddramaticallyatthesightofahumanasfaras30metersaway.Butnewresearchusinganartificialeggwhichisequippedtomeasureheartratesdisputesthis.ScientistsfromtheScottPolarResearchInstituteatCambridgesaythataslowmovinghumanwhodoesnotapproachthenesttoocloselyisnotviewedasathreatbypenguins.Theearlierfindingshavebeenusedtopartlyexplainthe20percentdropinpopulationsofcertaintypesofpenguinsneartouristsites.HowevertouroperatorshavecontinuedtoinsistthattheiractivitiesdonotadverselyaffectwildlifeinAntarcticasayingtheyencouragenon-disruptivebehaviorintouristsandthatthedeclineinpenguinnumbersiscausedbyotherfactors.AmandaNimonoftheScottPolarResearchInstitutespentthreesouthernhemispheresummersatCuvervilleIslandinAntarcticastudyingpenguinbehaviortowardshumans.AnestingpenguinwillreactverydifferentlytoapersonrapidlyandcloselyapproachingthenestsaysNimon.Firsttheyexhibitlargeandprolongedheartratechangesandthentheyoftenfleethenestleavingitopenforpredators掠夺者toflyinandremoveeggsorchicks.Theartificialeggspeciallyfortheprojectmonitoredboththeparentwhohadbeen‘disturbed’whentheeggwasplacedinthenestandtheotherparentastheybothtookitinturnstoguardthenest.HoweverBorisCulikwhomonitoredtheAdeliepenguinsbelievesthatNimon’sfindingsdonotinvalidatehisownresearch.Hepointsoutthatspeciesbehavedifferently----andNimon’sworkwaswithGentoopenguins.NimonandhercolleaguesbelievethatCulik’sresearchwasmethodologicallyflawedbecausethemonitoringofpenguins’responsesneededcapturingandrestrainingthebirdsandfittingthemwithbeart-ratetransmitters.ThereforearguesNimonitwouldnotbesurprisingiftheybecamestressedonseeingahumansubsequently.67.Accordingtothepassagewhatoverallmessageispresented?A.Nofirmconclusionsaredrawn.B.NeitherCulik’snorNimon’sfindingsareofmuchvaluE.C.Penguinreductionisclosedrelatedtotouristbehavior.D.Touristsarenotresponsibleforthefallinpenguinnumbers.68.WhichONEargumentofthefollowingisstatedinthepassage?A.Penguinsarehardertoresearchwhentheyhaveyoung.B.TouroperatorsshouldencouragetouriststoavoidAntarcticA.C.Notallpenguinsbehaveinthesameway.D.Penguinsneedbetterprotectionfromtourists.69.Whatdoyounoticeabouttheviewspresentedinthepassage?A.Theyaregroundless.B.Theyarefactual.C.TheyaredescriptivE.D.Theyareconflicting.70.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordfinallineprobablymean?A.Lateron.B.Calmly.C.Separately.D.InthesameplacE.
SomewonderfullycreativeusesofX-rayshavebeenintheworldofart.Butthemostimpressiveoneistouncoverwhathasbeencoveredup.DetailsunfoldedbyanX-rayofapaintingcan'tbeseenanyotherway.Forexampleinthepastpaintingswereoftenrepairedifsmallpiecesofpaintfelloffthecanvas帆布.Theserepairscannotbeseenjustbylookingatthepainting.IttakesanX-raytodiscoverwheretherepairshavebeenmade.AnX-rayofapaintingisoneofthebestwaystotellifitwascreatedbyafamouspainterorifitisaforgery.IfthereisaquestionastowhetheranoldmasterhaspaintedacertainpaintingornotX-raysaremadeandcomparedtothoseofpaintingsthatareknowntobeoriginal.Ifthebrushstrokes笔迹forexampleareshowntobetotallydifferentthaninotherworkdonebyacertainartistthenthepaintingisprovedtobeafakecopy.SincemodernpaintsareusuallymadefromdifferentmaterialsthanpaintsofhundredsofyearsagotheimagetheyleaveonanX-rayfilmlooksdifferent.ThisisanotherwayX-rayscanbeusedtospotaforgery.Amodemartistwilltrytomakeaforgerylookhundredsofyearsoldbypaintingdirtyvamishonitorbyusingartificialmeanstogetthevarnishtolookcracked.TothenakedeyetheforgerymaylookoldbutwhenacarefulstudyoftheX-rayimageismadethedeceptionisobvious.Itwascommonmanyyearsagoforanartisttofinishapaintingdecideitwasn'tanygoodandpaintacompletelydifferentpictureontopofit.Orartistswouldpaintoverothers'work—itwastheirversionofrecycling.TakinganX-rayistheonlywaytofindoutifthereisapictureunderneaththepictureyouseewithyoureyes.Sometimesmuseumswillbemoreinterestedinthepaintingbeneaththantheoneontopandwillrestoretheolderonebyhavingthetoplayerpainstakinglyremoved.63.Whatisthemainpurposeofthearticle?A.Toprovideinformationtopolicewhoarelookingforstolenart.B.Topersuadeartdealerstocheckforfakecopiesbeforesellingart.C.Toexplainhowmoderntechnologycanbeappliedinuniqueways.D.Tohelpartistsrestoredamagedartworktoitsoriginalappearance.64.Accordingtothepassage.X-raysareusedto______.A.makerepairsonpaintingsinthepastB.identifytheauthenticityofanartworkC.changethematerialsofaforgeryD.removetherecyclablepaints65.InParagraph3theworddeceptionprobablymeans______.A.comparisonB.drawbackC.trickeryD.judgement66.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.X-rayDetectivesB.CreativeUsesofTechnologyC.ForgeryStudiesD.X-rayPaintingTechniques
PollutionisanenvironmentalconcernforpeopleallovertheworlD.A.studysuggeststhatpollutantsinthewaterairandsoilleadtomorethan40percentofthepremature未成年的deathsintheworld’spopulation.Themajorityofthesedeathsoccurinthedevelopingcountries.Waterinmanythirdworldcountriesispollutedwithchemicals.TheWorldHealthOrganizationWHOsaysthat1.1billionpeoplehavelittleornoaccesstocleanwater.Mostdevelopingcountriescannotaffordwatertreatmentfacilities.Approximately80%ofinfectiousdiseasesintheworldarecausedbycontaminatedwater.AirpollutionisagrowingproblemthroughouttheworlD.Indoorairpollutionisoneoftheleadingcausesoflungcancer.Familiesindevelopingcountriesuseopenstovesforcookingandheatingtheirhomes.Thesehomesdonothaveproperventilation通风.Thesmokewhichisfullofchemicalsgetstrappedinsidewherefamilieseatandsleep.Outdoorairpollutionalsocausesdiseasesandillnessespeciallyinindustrialcities.Somedevelopingcountriesrelyheavilyoncoalwhichisconsideredthedirtiestsourceofenergy.Inthosecountrieslessthan5%ofcitypeoplebreathecleanaironanaverageday.Acidrainresultsmainlyfromthecoalpoweredfactories.Outdoorairpollutionisalsoaconcerninmanywealthycountries.ThosewholiveandworkinurbancenterssuchasLosAngelesorTorontoexperiencemanywarmdaysbeneathalayerofsmog.AsmorepeoplemoveurbancentersprematuredeathscausedbypollutionareexpectedtoincreaseworldwidE.72.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Someknowledgeaboutwaterandairpollution.B.Thedifferencesbetweenwaterandairpollution.C.Pollution---anenvironmentalconcern.D.Thedifferencesbetweenindoorandoutdoorairpollution.73.TheunderlinedwordcontaminatedinParA.2probablymeans__________.A.usedB.saltyC.pollutedD.clean74.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.CoalistheleastcleannaturalresourcE.B.Thesmokefromthestovesmayleadtolungcancer.C.PrematuredeathsareincreasingintheworlD.D.Outdoorairpollutiononlyoccursindevelopingcountries.75.Whatwillbemostprobablydiscussedinthefollowingparagraph?A.SolutionsofpollutionB.Soilpollution.C.Effectsofpollution.D.Noisepollution.
AtalkingkitchenteachesstudentshowtocookFrenchandspeakFrench.ResearchersatNewCastleUniversityintheUnitedKingdomhavedevelopedtheFrenchDigitalKitchen.ProfessorsPaulSeedhouseandPatrickOlivierledtheproject.ProfessorSeedhousetoldusthatitworkslikeasatellitenavigation导航systeminacar.Thekitchenequipmentandtoolsusemotionsensor动作传感器technology.ThesensorshelpacomputerguidethestudentsthroughinstructionsinFrench.Thesystemcantellwhetheryou'vedonewhatyouwereaskedtodoornot.ForexamplethesystemtellsyoutotakesomebutterandcutitwithaknifE.There'sasensoronthepackagecontainingthebuttersoitcantellwherethebutter'sbeingmoveD.Thesensorintheknifenotonlyknowsthattheknifeismovingbutitalsoknowswhatmotiontheknifeismaking.Soitcanknowwhethertheknifeiscuttingornot.Anditdoesn'tgoontothenextstepoftheprogramunlessyou'vedonewhatitsensesyou'vedonE.StudentscanaskthecomputertorepeattheinstructionsortranslatethemintoEnglish.Therearevocabularylessonsbeforeandafterthecooking.ProfessorSeedhousesaystheFrenchDigitalKitchenturnstheprocessoflearninglanguageintoareal-lifeexperiencE.Hereyou'retakingitoutoftheclassroomandyou'reactuallyusingthelanguagetoproducesomethingwhichyoucaneatattheendofit.It'sveryenjoyablE.Thesystemcouldbeavailableforsalebytheendof2012.Addingthetechnologytoanewkitchencouldaddabouttentotwentypercenttothebuildingcosts.TheresearchershavealsobeengivenmoneytodevelopprogramsinsixotherlanguagesincludingEnglishItalianandSpanish.68.ThetalkingkitchendevelopedbyNewCastleUniversityismainlyaimedat.A.helpingstudentswholoveFrenchfoodsB.helpinghouseownerspreparetheirmealsC.helpinglearnerswhostudyFrenchasaforeignlanguageD.helpinghousewiveswhowanttolearncookingFrenchfoods69.Thethirdparagraphmainlytellus.A.whatthesystemisB.howthesystemworksC.whatamotionsensorisD.howthesystemwasinvented70.WhatdoestheunderlinedworditinPara5referto?A.FrenchfooD.B.FrenchlanguagE.C.Theprocessofcookingandlearning.D.Theprocessoflisteningandtranslating.71.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?.A.LearnWhileEating.B.A.TalkingKitchen.C.A.NewTrendofKitchen.D.KitchensBecomeClassrooms.
ABritishscientistarrivesinaworldinhabitedbygentleselflesspeoplecalledEloi.Thescientistbelievesthathehasdiscoveredtheperfectsociety.ThenallofasuddentheMorlocksappearevilape-likemanwholiveinmachine-filledcavesemergingatnighttoeattheEloi.ThescientistrealizesthatthisistheEarthofthefuture–thesemonstersarewhathumanbeingswillbecomE.BritishwriterH.G.WellspublishedTheTimeMachinein1895.AsWesternscientistsinthe20thcenturychallengednaturallawsandflewintospacepeoplebegantowonderaboutthefourthdimension四维空间-time–andtimetravelbecameahottopicintheWest.ThetopWesterntimetraveldestinationbecamethefuture-andnotjustasanexcuseforerazyspecialeffectsinmovies.TimetravelstoriesfromtheUSandEuropeoftencontainwarningsabouttechnologyorsocietygoingoutofcontrol.Somestoriescontainfigureswhosejobistostopthelawsoftimefrombeingbroken.IntheBritishTVseriesDoctorwhoTheDoctordoesnettlewithaliens外星人androbotsthatlooklikedustbinsthathavebrokenintothewrongtimE.Inotherstimeisflexible变通Inthebugelysuccessfulchildren’sbookThief!ByBritishauthorMalorieBlackmanagirlisthrownintothefuturetodiscoverthathertownhasbecometotallydependentoncomputers–computerscontrolledbyaneviltyrant.Luckilythegirlisabletoreturntothepresentandstopthisfuturefromhappending.ButnoteveryfuturecanbechangeD.Inthe1968moviePlanetoftheApesaworldisrunbymonkeyswhoperformexperimentsonhumans.ThefinalseinewhentheherocomesacrosstheStatueofLibertyonthebeachhasgonedowninmoviehistory.Westerntimetravelstoniestgobackandforth.Yettheyalwaysaskustolookatourownworldourowntime-andourselves.39.Eloi’speacefullifeisbrokenby.A.aBritishscientistB.theMorlocksC.amachineD.humanbeings40.AccordingtothepassageBritishmaynothavewritten.A.TheTimeMachineB.DoctorwhoC.ThiefD.PlanetoftheApes41.Whatdotheauthorsofthewesterntravelstoriesworryabout?A.FilmdevelopmentmaycometoanenD.B.TheearthwillbedamageD.C.Thehumancan’tcontroltechnology.D.Travellingiscertainlyindanger.42.Thepassageismainlyabout.A.goingthroughtimeB.introducingfamousstoriesC.worryingaboutfutureD.advertisingspacetravel
Rooftopscoveredwithplants—calledgreenroofs—couldhelpfightglobalwarmingscientistsnowsuggest.GreenroofsaregrowingmorepopularincitieswiththenumberofgreenroofsincreasingintheUnitedStates.InGermanywidelyconsideredtheleaderingreenroofingsome12percentofallflatroofsaregreenwiththeGermangreenroofindustrygrowing10to15percentannually.Theseroofscanreduceheatingandairconditioningcostswitharoughly10percentreductioninnaturalgasusageanda2percentdropinelectricityuseforatypicalbuilding.Moreovergreenroofslasttwotothreetimeslongerthanstandardroofs.Theyalsostorestormwaterwhichcouldotherwiseexacerbate加剧flooding.Theycanalsobringinbirdsandbutterflieshelpimprovebiodiversity多样性RowesaiD.Inadditiontotakinginpollutionandnoisetheplantsingreenroofsnaturallyabsorbcarbondioxidetheleadinggreenhousegasbehindglobalwarming.Howevernobodyhadmeasuredthepotentialeffectofgreenroofsoncarbondioxidelevelsuntilnow.ScientistsatMichiganStateUniversityfoundthatreplacingtraditionalroofingmaterialswithgreenroofsinanurbanareathesizeofDetroitwithapopulationofaboutonemillionwouldtakeinmorethan55000tonsofcarbon.Thatisroughlysimilartogettingridofayear’sworthofcarbondioxidesentoutby10000mid-sizedSUVsandtrucks.ThechallengesgreenroofsnowfaceintheUnitedStatesaresomethingaboutpolicyandcosts.Thegovernmentshouldnotnecessarilymandate强制执行thembutitcanprovidesupportforthemjustastheydoinGermanyandelsewhereRowetoldLiveSciencE.Andgreenroofsaremoreexpensivebutonlyinitially.Overtimethey’recheaperonceyouconsidertheirbenefitsenergy-wisE.Ittakesabout11to14yearstobreakeven不赢不亏.53.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Greenroofscantakeintheleadinggreenhousegasbehindglobalwarming.B.Itiseasierforgreenroofstobreakthanstandardroofs.C.A.buildingwithagreenrooftakeslessenergytobeheateD.D.Greenroofsareofhigherbuildingcost.54.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat___.A.RoweisnotoptimisticaboutthefutureofgreenroofsB.GermanyhasmadeitaruletobuildgreenroofsC.TheUnitedStatesiswidelyconsideredtheleaderingreenroofingD.Greenroofscanprovidehabitatsforbirdsandbutterflies55.Theunderlinedwordinthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto____.A.attimesB.atfirstC.atpresentD.atlast56.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitle?A.StandardRoofsandGreenRoofsB.GreenRoofsAreGrowingMorePopularC.GreenRoofsHelpControlGlobalWarmingD.AdvantagesofGreenRoofs
Untilrecentlythescienceofthefuturewassupposedtobeelectronicsandartificialintelligence.Todayitseemsmoreandmorelikelythatmenextgreatbreakthroughsintechnologywillbebroughtthroughacombinationofthosetwoscienceswithorganicchemistryandgeneticengineering.Thiscombinationisthescienceofbiotechnology.Organicchemistryenablesustoproducemarveloussynthetic合成的materials.Howeveritisstilldifficulttomanufactureanythingthathasthecapacityofwooltoconserveheatandalsotoabsorbmoisture.Nothingmatwehavebeenabletoproducesofarcomesanywherenearthecombinationofstrengthlightnessandflexibilitythatwefindinthebodiesofordinaryinsects.Neverthelessscientistsinthelaboratoryhavealreadysucceededingrowingamaterialthathasmanyofthecharacteristicsofhumanskin.Thenextstepmaywellbebiotechheartsandeyeswhichcanreplacediseasedorgansinhumanbeings.Thesewillnotberejectedbythebodyasisthecasewithorgansfromhumans.Theapplicationofbiotechnologytoenergyproductionseemsevenmorepromising.In1996thefamoussciencefictionwriterArthurC.Claricemanyofwhosepreviouspredictionshavecometruesaidthatwemaysoonbeabletodevelopremarkablycheapandrenewablesourcesofenergy.Someofthesepowersourceswillbebiological.Clarkeandothershavewarnedusrepeatedlythatsoonerorlaterwewillhavetogiveupourdependenceonnon-renewablepowersources.Coaloilandgasareindeedconvenient.Howeverusingthemalsomeanscreatingdangerouslyhighlevelsofpollution.Itwillbeimpossibletomeetthegrowingdemandforenergywithoutincreasingmatpollutiontocatastrophiclevelsunlesswedeveloppowersourcesthatarebothcheaperandcleaner.Itisattemptingtothinkthatbiotechnologyorsomeotherscienceofthefuturecansolveourproblems.Beforewesurrenderto屈服于mattemptationweshouldremembernuclearpower.OnlyafewgenerationsagoitseemedtopromiselimitlesscheapandsafeenergytodaythosepromiseslieburiedinaconcretegraveinaplacecalledChernobylinmeUkraine.Biotechnologyisunlikelyhowevertobreakitspromisesinquitethesameorsuchadangerousway.50.Accordingtothepassagethescienceofthefutureislikelytobe_____.A.electronicsB.biotechnologyC.geneticengineeringD.nucleartechnology51.Organicchemistryhelpstoproducematerialsmatare_____.A.asgoodaswoolB.asgoodasaninsect'sbodyC.notasgoodasnaturalmaterialsD.betterthannaturalmaterial52.Accordingtothepassageitmaysoonbepossible_____.A.tomakesomethingasgoodashumanskinB.toproducedrugswithoutsideeffectsC.totransplanthumanorgansD.tomakeartificialheartsandeyes53.In1996.ArthurC.Clarkepredictedthat_____.A.biologicalpowersourceswouldbeputintousesoonB.oilgasandcoalcouldberepeatedlyusedinthefutureC.dependenceonnon-renewablepowersourceswouldbereducedsoonD.theChemobyldisasterwouldhappenintwoyears54.Whatdoweleamfromthelastparagraph?A.Biotechnologycansolveallourfutureenergyproblems.B.Biologicalpowerischeaperthannuclearpower.C.Biologicalpowermaynotbeasdangerousasnuclearpower.D.Biologicalpowerwillkeepallitspromises.
Thesedaysweareallconditionedtoacceptnewnesswhateveritcosts.VerysoonthereisnodoubtthatApple'stablet平板电脑willseemasavitaltoolofmodernlivingtousassewingmachinedidtoourgrandparents.Atleastitwilluntilsomeoneproducesanevensmarterthinnerandmoreessentialtabletwhichifrecenthistoryisanyguidewillbeinapproximatelysixmonths'timE.TurnyourbackforamomentandyoufindthateveryelectroniciteminyourpossessionisasoldasatombstonE.Whyshouldyoucareifpeoplelaughjustbecauseyouuseanoldmobilephone?Buttrygettingthethingrepairedwhenitgoeswrong.It'slikewalkingintoapubandaskingforanorangejuicE.Youwillbemadetofeellikesomesortoftime-travelerfromthe1970s.Whynotbuyanewone?youwillgetaskeD.Andsothemountainofelectricalrubbishgrows.AnaverageBritishpersonwasbelievedtogetridofquiteanumberofelectronicgoodsinalifetimE.Theyweighedthreetonsstood7feethighandincludedfivefridgessixmicrowavessevenPCssixTVs12kettles35mobilephonesandsoon.EventhenthecalculationseemedtobeconservativE.Only35mobilesinalifetime?ThehugenumberofelectronicitemsnowregularlythrownawaybyBritishfamiliesisclearlyonebigproblem.Butthishasotherconsequences.Itcontributesgreatlytotheuneasyfeelingthatmodemtechnologyisgoingbyfasterthanwecankeepup.BythetimeI'velearnthowtouseatoolit'salreadybrokenorlost.I'velostcountofthenumberofTVremote-controlsthatI'veboughtmislaidandreplacedwithoutworkingoutwhatmostofthebuttonsdiD.Andthetechnologychangessounbelievablyfast.ItwaslessthanyearsagothatIspottedanenergeticbusinessmanfriendpullingwhatseemedtobeeitheralargecontainerorasmallnuclearbombonwheelsthrougharailwaystation.IaskeD.Whathaveyougotinthere?Yourmoneyoryourwife?NeitherherepliedwiththesatisfiedlookofamanwhoknewhewaskeepingpacewiththelatesttechnologynomatterhowridiculoushelookeD.Thisiswhateveryonewillhavesoon—evenyou.It'scalledamobiletelephonE.Idon'tfeelsorryforthepaceofchangE.OnthecontraryI'mamazedbythosehigh-techdesignerswhocansomehowfitacameramusic-playercomputerandphoneintoaplasticboxnobiggerthanapacketofcigarettE.Ifthosegeniusescouldalsofindawaytokeeptheundergroundtrainsrunningonthefirstsnowydayofwintertheywouldbemakingrealprogressforhumanbeings.WhatIdoregrethoweveristhatsomanyhouseholditemsfallbehindsosoon.Myparentsboughtawoodenwirelessradioin1947theyeartheyweremarrieD.In1973theyearIwenttouniversityitwasstillworking.Itsatinthekitchenlikeanoldfriend—whichinawayitwas.Itcertainlyspoketousmorethanwespoketoeachotheronsomemornings.Whenmymumreplaceditwithanew-styleradiothatcouldalsoplaycassette-tapesIfeltarealsenseofloss.Suchistheover-excitedchangeof21st-centurytechnologythatthere'snotimetosatisfyouremotionalneeds.EvenifApple'snewproductsturnouttobethemostsignificanttabletsIverymuchdoubtiftheywillresistthistrenD.66.Whenyoutrygettinganoldmobilephonerepaired____.A.youaretravellingthroughtimeB.youarethoughttobeoutofdateC.youwillfindeverythingwrongD.youhavegottobuyanewone67.Throwingawaysomuchelectronicrubbishmakesthewriterfeelquite_____.A.lostandupsetB.unbelievablyfastC.brokenorlostD.regularlywasteful68.Theexampleofthebusinessmanimpliesthat____.A.thebusinessmanmasteredthelatesttechnologyB.mobilephonesusedtobequitebigjustyearsagoC.thebusinessmanwasaveryridiculouspersonD.thewriterfailedtofollowmoderntechnology69.Thepassageisorganizedinthepatternof____.A.timeandeventsB.comparisonandcontrastC.causeandeffectD.examplesandanalysis70.Whichofthefollowingisconveyedinthepassage?A.ThefastpaceofchangebringsusnogooD.B.Wehavetokeepupwithnewtechnology.C.Householditemsshouldbeupgradedquickly.D.Weshouldholdonfornewtechnologytolast.
Foryearstherehasbeenabias偏见againstscienceamongclinicalpsychologists临床心理学家.Inatwo-yearanalysistobepublishedinNovemberinPerspectivesonPsychologicalSciencepsychologistsledbyTimothyB.BakeroftheUniversityofWisconsinchargethatmanyclinicalpsychologistsfailtoprovidethetreatmentsforwhichthereisthestrongestevidenceofeffectivenessandgivemoreweighttotheirpersonalexperiencesthantosciencE.AsaresultpatientshavenoguaranteethattheirtreatmentwillbeinformedbysciencE.WalterMischelofColumbiaUniversityisevencruelerinhisjudgment.ThedisconnectbetweenwhatclinicalpsychologistsdoandwhatsciencehasdiscoveredisanextremeembarrassmenthetoldmeandthereisawideninggapbetweenclinicalpracticeandsciencE.Thewideningreflectsthegreatprogressthatpsychologicalresearchhasmadeinidentifying确认themosteffectivetreatments.Thankstostrictclinicaltrialswenowknowthatteachingpatientstothinkabouttheirthoughtsinnewhealthierwaysandtoactonthosenewwaysofthinkingareeffectiveagainstdepressionpanicdisorderandotherproblemswithmultipletrialsshowingthatthesetreatments—thetoolsofpsychology—bringmorelastingbenefitsthandrugs.Youwouldn’tknowthisifyousoughthelpfromatypicalclinicalpsychologist.Althoughmanytreatmentsareeffectiverelativelyfewpsychologistslearnorpracticethem.Whyintheworldnot?ForonethingsaysBakerclinicalpsychologistsareverydoubtfulabouttheroleofscienceandlacksolidsciencetraining.Alsoonethirdofpatientsgetbetternomatterwhattreatmentifanytheyhaveandpsychologistsrememberthesesuccessesbelievingwronglythattheyaretheresultofthetreatment.Whenfacedwithevidencethattreatmentstheyofferarenotsupportedbyscienceclinicalpsychologistsarguethattheyknowbetterthansomestudywhatworks.A.2008studyof591psychologistsinprivatepracticefoundthattheyrelymoreontheirownandcolleagues’experiencethanonsciencewhendecidinghowtotreatapatient.Iftheykeeponthispathasinsurancecompaniesdemandevidence-basedmedicinewarnsMischelpsychologywilldiscredititself.57.Manyclinicalpsychologistsfailtoprovidethemosteffectivetreatmentsbecause________.A.theyareunfamiliarwiththeirpatientsB.theybelieveinscienceandevidenceC.theydependontheircolleagues’helpD.theyrelyontheirpersonalexperiences58.Thewideninggapbetweenclinicalpracticeandscienceisdueto_______.A.thecrueljudgmentbyWalterMischelKs*5uB.thefactthatmostpatientsgetbetterafterbeingtreatedC.thegreatprogressthathasbeenmadeinpsychologicalresearchD.thefactthatpatientsprefertotakedrugsratherthanhaveothertreatments59.Howdoclinicalpsychologistsrespondwhenchargedthattheirtreatmentsarenotsupportedbyscience?Ks*5uA.TheyfeelembarrasseD.B.Theytrytodefendthemselves.C.TheyaredisappointeD.D.Theydoubttheirtreatments.60.InMischel’sopinionpsychologywill____.A.destroyitsownreputationifnoimprovementismadeB.developfasterwiththesupportofinsurancecompaniesC.worktogetherwithinsurancecompaniestoprovidebettertreatmentD.becomemorereliableifinsurancecompanieswon’tdemandevidence-basedmedicine
Therearetwomethodsbywhichhydrogen氢canbeusedtopowercars.Thefirstwayistousehydrogentodrivetheengineinmuchthesamewayasmanycarsusegas.ThesecondmethodistousethereactionofhydrogenwithoxygeninabatterymakingthecarakindofelectriconE.Thedreamofproducinghydrogeninthecarwhiledrivingalongbyelectrolyzing电解waterisalongwayoffsowearestillattheperiodofbatteriesandfillingthetankwithhydrogengas.Thisisthedifficultyforpotentialcarusersandproducers.ThereareonlysixteenhydrogenfillingstationsinLosAngelesandnonein99%ofothercitiesworldwidE.Indeedsomeofthebignameautomobileproducershavepulledoutoftheracetoputthefirstpracticalhydrogencaronthestreets.FordandGMhaveannouncedthattheyarepullingoutinAmericaandsohasRenaultinFrancE.HowevertheJapanesecompaniesarepressingon.InfactHondaintroduceditsfirsthydrogenfuelcellcarin1999.TheyarenowproducingsecondgenerationhydrogencarknownastheFCXClarity.Guesswheretheyareavailableforsale?Inonlyonecitybecauseofitsfillingstations.Hondathinksthattheycouldgointofull-scaleproductionoftheFCXClarityby2020iftheworldispreparedforthembythen.Thentherearehydrogen-poweredbusesinseveralEuropeancitiesincludingAmsterdamBarcelonaHamburgLondonLuxembourgandMadriD.LotusthemakersofLondontaxishaveannouncedthattheyproposetomanufacturehydrogen-poweredtaxisintimefortheLondonOlympics.Sothehydrogenvehicleisoutthereandthenumberswillbegrowingfairlysoon.ThebusesgobacktotheirbusstationwhereanelectrolyzingmachinechangeswaterintofuelforthemtofilluponandthesamewillbethecaseformanyofLondon’staxis.Unfortunatelygettingfuelisnottheonlydifficultyfortheaveragemotoristanumberofthesevehiclescostabout$300000each.67.Accordingtothetexthydrogen-poweredbuses________.A.caneasilybefilledupwithgas.B.arelikelytosellwellinthefuturE.C.aremainlyusedintheUnitedStatesD.won’tbeusedintheLondonOlympics68.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordtheminparagraph5referto?A.JapanesecompaniesB.HydrogenbusesC.TheFCXClarityD.Fillingstations69.Wherearehydrogencarscurrentlyavailableforsale?A.InBarcelonaB.InHamburgC.InLondonD.InLosAngeles70.Wecanlearnfromthetextthat________.A.therearesixtyhydrogenfillingstationsallovertheworldB.hydrogenvehiclesfueledbywaterwillbeveryexpensiveC.Hondawillmass-producetheFCXClarityby2012D.Hondaproduceditsfirsthydrogencarin1989
Therearetwomethodsbywhichhydrogen氢canbeusedtopowercars.Thefirstwayistousehydrogentodrivetheengineinmuchthesamewayasmanycarsusegas.ThesecondmethodistousethereactionofhydrogenwithoxygeninabatterymakingthecarakindofelectriconE.Thedreamofproducinghydrogeninthecarwhiledrivingalongbyelectrolyzing电解waterisalongwayoffsowearestillattheperiodofbatteriesandfillingthetankwithhydrogengas.Thisisthedifficultyforpotentialcarusersandproducers.ThereareonlysixteenhydrogenfillingstationsinLosAngelesandnonein99%ofothercitiesworldwidE.Indeedsomeofthebignameautomobileproducershavepulledoutoftheracetoputthefirstpracticalhydrogencaronthestreets.FordandGMhaveannouncedthattheyarepullingoutinAmericaandsohasRenaultinFrancE.HowevertheJapanesecompaniesarepressingon.InfactHondaintroduceditsfirsthydrogenfuelcellcarin1999.TheyarenowproducingsecondgenerationhydrogencarknownastheFCXClarity.Guesswheretheyareavailableforsale?Inonlyonecitybecauseofitsfillingstations.Hondathinksthattheycouldgointofull-scaleproductionoftheFCXClarityby2020iftheworldispreparedforthembythen.Thentherearehydrogen-poweredbusesinseveralEuropeancitiesincludingAmsterdamBarcelonaHamburgLondonLuxembourgandMadriD.LotusthemakersofLondontaxishaveannouncedthattheyproposetomanufacturehydrogen-poweredtaxisintimefortheLondonOlympics.Sothehydrogenvehicleisoutthereandthenumberswillbegrowingfairlysoon.ThebusesgobacktotheirbusstationwhereanelectrolyzingmachinechangeswaterintofuelforthemtofilluponandthesamewillbethecaseformanyofLondon’staxis.Unfortunatelygettingfuelisnottheonlydifficultyfortheaveragemotoristanumberofthesevehiclescostabout$300000each.67.Accordingtothetexthydrogen-poweredbuses________.A.caneasilybefilledupwithgas.B.arelikelytosellwellinthefuturE.C.aremainlyusedintheUnitedStatesD.won’tbeusedintheLondonOlympics68.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordtheminparagraph5referto?A.JapanesecompaniesB.HydrogenbusesC.TheFCXClarityD.Fillingstations69.Wherearehydrogencarscurrentlyavailableforsale?A.InBarcelonaB.InHamburgC.InLondonD.InLosAngeles70.Wecanlearnfromthetextthat________.A.therearesixtyhydrogenfillingstationsallovertheworldB.hydrogenvehiclesfueledbywaterwillbeveryexpensiveC.Hondawillmass-producetheFCXClarityby2012D.Hondaproduceditsfirsthydrogencarin1989
AstudybySt..LouisUniversityhasfoundthatalovabledognamedSparkyandaroboticdogAIBOwereaboutequallyeffectiveatreducingthelonelinessofnursinghomeresidents.Thestudyconfirmedpreviousfindingsthatdogshaveagoodeffectonnursinghomeresidents.Dr.AndrewSmithledtheStanfordUniversityteamthatbuiltahome-assistancerobot.IfhumanscanfeelanemotionaltiewithrobotssomedaytheycouldbenotjustourassistantsbutalsoourcompanionshesaiD.TotestwhetherresidentsrespondedbettertoSparkyatraineddogortheSony-maderoboticdogresearchersdivided38nursinghomeresidentsintothreegroupsatthreelong-termcarecentersinSt.Louis.Onegrouphadweekly30-minuteone-on-onevisitswithSparky;anothergrouphadsimilarvisitswithAIBO;acontrolgrouphadnocontactwitheitherdog.Thegroups’respectivelevelsoflonelinessweretestedbyhavingthemansweranumberofquestionsatthebeginningandneartheendofthevisits.AftertwomonthsbothgroupsthathadcontactwiththedogswerelesslonelyandmoreattacheD.MostoftheelderlyregardedSparkya9-year-olddogasanaudiencefortheirlifestoriessaidinvestigatorMarianBanks.HelistenedattentivelywaggedhistailandallowedthemtopethimsaidBankswhoadoptedandtrainedSparkyafterfindinghiminastreetbehindherhomesevenyearsago.ThosewhoweretogetherwithAIBOtookalittlelongertowarmtotheroboticcreaturE.Overtimehowevertheygrewcomfortablewithhimandpettedandtalkedtohim.Hewouldrespondbywagginghistailvocalizingandblinkinghislights..AIBOischarmingonceyoustarttointeractwithhimsaidthestudy’sauthorDr.WilliamBanksHe’sanattractivesortofguy.Hegivesafeelingofbeingpersonalnotjustarobot.63.Beforethenewstudyitwasknownthat____.A.robotswereeffectiveatreducingpeople’slonelinessB.robotscouldbuildcloseconnectionwithhumansC.dogscouldhelpgetridofoldpeople’slonelinessD.dogsandrobotswereequallyeffectiveatreducingloneliness64.Thosewhohadcontactwiththeroboticdogfoundthat___.A.theydidn’tfeelcomfortablewithitB.itwashardforthemtointeractwithitC.theyweren’tcomfortablewithitatfirstD.therobot’svocalizingandblinkingconfusedthem65.Thefindingsoftheresearcherstellusthat___.A.robotsarebetteratcaringforoldpeoplethannursesB.robotscantosomedegreereplacedogsascompanionsforoldpeopleC.it’seasyforpeopletobecomeclosewithrobotsD.everyhomewillhavearobotassistantoneday66.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.RobotsServePeopleBetterThanThoughtB.NoMoreLonelyOldAgewithEmotionalRobotsC.AdvancedTechnologyUsedtoCheeruptheElderlyD.RobotsandDogsCanEquallyCheeruptheElderly
Thedayafternewsbrokeofapossiblerevolutioninphysics——particles粒子movingfasterthanlight?ascientistleadingtheEuropeanexperimentthatmadethediscoverycalmlyexplainedittoastanding-room-onlycrowdatCERN.ThephysicistDarioAuteriodidnottrytoexplainwhattheresultsmightmeanforthelawsofphysicsletalonethebroaderworld.AfteranhouroftechnicaltalkhesimplysaidThereforewepresenttoyoutodaythisdifferencethisunusualness.Butwhatunusualnessitmaybe.From2009through2011themassiveOPERAdetector探测器buriedinamountaininGranSassoItalyrecordedsubatomicparticlescalledneutrinos中微子arrivingfasterthanlightcanmoveinanemptyspace.TheneutrinosgeneratedatCERNarehardlydetectablyearly.Ifconfirmedthefindingwouldthrowmorethanacenturyofphysicsintodisorder.Ifit'scorrectit'sphenomenal.saidRobPlunkettascientistatFermilabtheDepartmentofEnergyphysicslaboratoryinIllinois.We'dbelookingatawholenewsetofrulesforhowtheuniverseworks.ThoseruleswouldbendorpossiblybreakAlbertEinstein'sspecialtheoryofrelativitypublishedin1905.Basicalatthetimethetheorytiedtogetherspaceandtimematterandenergyandsetahardlimitforthespeedoflightlatermeasuredtobeabout186000milespersecond.Noexperimentin106yearshadbrokenthatspeedlimit.PhysicistsexpectstrictstudytofollowwhichOPERAandCERNscientistswelcomed.FermilaboperatesasimilarexperimentcalledMINOSthatshootsneutrinosfromIllinoistoanundergrounddetectorinMinnesota.In2007MINOSdiscoveredajustdetectableamountoffasterthan-lightneutrinosbutthepermissibledifferenceoferrorwastoobigtomentionPlunkettsaid.Fermilabscientistswillreanalyzetheirdatawhichwilltakesixtoeightmonths.In2013theMINOSdetectornowofflinewillrestartafteranupgrade.Itcouldthenofferconfirmationoftheresults.72.WhyaretheEuropeanscientistsnotsureabouttheresultsoftheexperiment?A.Becausetheyaresounexpected.B.Becausethescientistsdonotbelievethem.C.Becausethescientistsarecarefulandcalm.D.Becausetheyareagainstthepresentlawofphysics.73.Theunderlinedwordphenomenalinthefourthparagraphhastheclosestmeaningto.A.amazingB.attractiveC.embarrassingD.sensitive74.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe_____.A.Arethelawsofphysicsindisorder?B.Particlesfasterthanlight;Revolutionormistake?C.Fasterthanlightmeasurement:rightorwrong?D.IsEinstein'stheorystillrighttoday?75.Whatmaybediscussedintheparagraphstofollow?A.Differentopinionsabouttheexperiment.B.HowAlbertEinstein'stheorydeveloped.C.Thenewrulesforhowtheuniverseworks.D.HowFermilabscientistswillreanalyzetheirdata.
Afarmplantedlevelsorfloorsiscalledavertical垂直的farm.A.skyscrapertypebuildingcanhouseaverticalfarm.Sincethegardenisbuiltupwardsratherthanoutwardsitrequiresmuchlessspacethanaconventionalfarm.Theworldisquicklyrunningoutofroomforconventionalfarming.Verticalfarmscouldbeakeytothissituation.An18storyverticalfarmcouldfeedasmanyas50000peopleallinanareawhichisthesizeoftheaveragecityblock.Verticalfarmsinthecitycouldcutdownontransportationcostsaswell.Thinkabouttheamountoffuelittakestotransportfoodfromfarmlandtocity.Theresourcessavedwouldbesurprising.BesidessavingtraveltimefoodwouldbedeliveredinfresherconditionandwithlessdamagE.Thereisagrowingconcernabouttheuseofpesticides杀虫剂inagriculturetoday.Buttheverticalfarmwouldbeagreenhousetypeenvironmentavoidingtheneedforalargenumberofpesticides.Verticalfarmscanbebuiltinacontainedspacethereforetheyareanexcellentsolutionforlivingwellinanenvironmentfardifferentfromourown.Hydroponics水耕法couldbeabigpartofverticalgardening.ThiswouldreducetheamountofsoilneededtogrowfooD.Ofcoursenotallfooddoeswellwiththistypeofplantingbuttherearemanycropsthatactuallyseemtodobetter.Insomeclimatesalackofsunlightcreatesashortgrowingseason.ThesolarpoweroptionmaynotworkaswellherE.Theadditionofgrowlightswouldmakeitpossibletogrowcropsinverticalgardensintheseareas.InotherwordswecouldgrowcropsinareaswherewenevercouldbeforE.VerticalfarmsmayjustbeaconceptfornowbuttheyareaconceptthatwillsolvemanyofourproblemsinthefuturE.68.Accordingtothepassageaverticalfarm________.A.ismainlybuiltoutwardsB.isdependentonsolarpowerC.isplantedonlevelsupwardsD.isonlyanenvironmentalfriendlyfarm69.Comparedtotheconventionalfarmtheverticalfarmcan________.A.dependfarlessonsunlightB.greatlyincreasetheuseofsoilC.helptoprotectthelimitedgardensD.reducetheuseofharmfulpesticides70.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatverticalfarms________.A.havebeenputintouseB.onlyusehydroponicstogrowfoodC.needlessroomthanconventionalfarmsD.mayincreasethetransportationcosts71.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.VerticalfarmsforourfutureB.WaystodealwithfutureproblemsC.VerticalfarmsandgreenskyscrapersD.MakingFullUseofOurLimitedLand
Mostepisodes经历ofabsent-mindedness--forgettingwhereyouleftsomethingorwonderingwhyyoujustenteredaroom--arecausedbyasimplelackofattentionsaysSchacter.Youaresupposedtoremembersomethingbutyouhaven'tencoded编号itdeeply.EncodingSchacterexplainsisaspecialwayofpayingattentiontoaneventthathasamajorimpactonrecallingitlater.Failuretoencodeproperlycancreateannoyingsituations.Ifyouputyourmobilephoneinapocketforexampleanddon'tpayattentiontowhatyoudidbecauseyouareinvolvedinaconversationyou'llprobablyforgetthatthephoneisinthejacketnowhanginginyourwardrobe衣柜.Yourmemoryitselfisn'tfailingyousaysSchacter.Ratheryoudidn'tgiveyourmemorysystemtheinformationitneedeD.Lackofinterestcanalsoleadtoabsent-mindedness.Amanwhocanrecitesportsstatisticsfrom30yearsagosaysZelinskimaynotremembertodropaletterinthemailbox.Womenhaveslightlybettermemoriesthanmenpossiblybecausetheypaymoreattentiontotheirenvironmentandmemoryreliesonjustthat.Visualcluescanhelppreventabsent-mindednesssaysSchacter.Butbesurethecue暗示isclearandavailablehewarns.Ifyouwanttoremembertotakemedicinewithlunchputthepillbottleonthekitchentable--don'tleaveitinthemedicineboxandwriteyourselfanotethatyoukeepinapocket.Anothercommonepisodeofabsent-mindedness:walkingintoaroomandwonderingwhyyouaretherE.MostlikelyyouwerethinkingaboutsomethingelsE.EveryonedoesthisfromtimetotimesaysZelinski.Thebestthingtodoistoreturntowhereyouwerebeforeenteringtheroomandyou'lllikelyremember.57.Whatisabsent-mindednessmainlycausedby?A.Lackofinterest.B.LackofattentionC.Walkingintoaroom.D.Visualclues.58.Whichofthefollowingisanabsent-mindedsymptom?A.WalkingintoaroomtofindwhereyouarE.B.LeavingtheclueinthemedicinebottlE.C.Forgettingtodropaletterintothemailbox.D.Recitingsportsstatistics30yearsago.59.Whatcanhelppreventabsent-mindedness?A.TryingtoremembersomethingasmuchaspossiblE.B.ReturningtowhereyouwerE.C.EncodingsomethingdeeplyinyourminD.D.Showingmoreinterestinsomething.60.Accordingtothetwoexpertswhatcanhelppeopletoremembersomething?A.Cues.B.Bottles.C.Environment.D.Statistics.
Haveyoueverintendedtobefullyabsorbedinyourworkbutfoundyourselfdistracted走神bye-mailtheInternetandotherthingsthroughouttheday?AccordingtothesurveymadebyafamousuniversityintheUSAmostpeoplehavetheexperiencE.PeopleoftenlosetheirconcentrationwhentheyareboredofcoursebutalsowhentheyareengagedinchallengingtaskssaysPeterBergmantheheadofthesurvey.Theysometimeshaveafeelingtoescapefromwhat'sdifficultorboringsotheyjumpouthesays.Thepartofthebraindevotedtoattentionisconnectedtothebrain’semotionalcenter.Anystrongemotion---quarrelswithcolleaguesproblemsathome---caninterruptourattention.Studiesoverthelastdecadehaveshownthattoomuchworktodoatatimecaneasilyleadtodistraction.RefocusingishardformanypeoplE.RobertEpsteinsuggeststhefollowingStopandlistentosomesoftmusicforafewminutes.FindagoodfriendorateacherandsayoutyourmatteronyourminD.Goforashortwalkortakeadeepbreathwhereyoubreatheindeeplycounttofiveslowlyholditandbreatheoutveryslowly.Thiscanblowoutallthetensionandtheunwantedinyourmindtorestoreyourfocus.Takemorecontrolbystructuringyourtimeandbecomingmoreawareofyourbehaviors.SettingthephonealarmtogooffeveryhourismywayofcreatingawarenessMr.Bregmansays.Youhavetoinformyourselfthatyou'velostfocusinordertodosomethingaboutit.Startingthedaywithato-dolistisalsoimportantsuchaswhentoeatwhentogotothegymortakeawalk.Butifit'soverlyambitiousyouwillputyourselfinastateofanxietywhichmakesithardforthebraintoconcentratE.Choosingthreeorfourthingsasyourpriority优先forthedayallowsyourbraintosettledownandfocushesays.71.AccordingtothepassagewhichisNOTthereasonwhysomepeoplecanbedistractedfromtheirwork?A.Theydon'twanttobedevotedtotheirwork.B.TheyaredisturbedbytheInternetandotherthings.C.Theycan'tfindinterestintheirwork.D.Theyfeeltheirworkistoohardforthem.72.Whichincidentmightnotinterruptyourattention?A.Youwerescoldedbyyourteacher.B.YouhadwordswithyourgoodfrienD.C.Youwenttoschoolatsixasusual.D.Yourmotherandfatherhadaquarrel.73.AccordingtoRobertEpsteinhowcanwerefocusonwhatweshoulddo?A.ListentorockmusicforsometimE.B.Turntoyourgoodfriendsorteachersforhelp.C.RunaroundtheplaygroundforsometimE.D.TakeabreathfromtimetotimE.74.What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordrestoreinthepassage?A.recoverB.reformC.releaseD.react75.Whydoesthewritersetthephonealarmtogooffeveryhour?A.Toblowoutallthetension.B.Tobecomemoreawareofhisbehaviors.C.Tomakeato-dolist.D.Toremindhimwhentoeatwhentogotothegymortakeawalk.
LikemanyothersmallboysIwasfascinatedbycarsespeciallybecausemyoldestbrotherwasabitofacarguyandsubscribedtocoolmagazineslikeCarandDriverandMotorTrenD.EverysooftenoneofthosemagazineswouldrunanarticleontheCaroftheFuture.Theyfeaturedunconventionalthingslikesmallnuclearreactorsaspowersources.Yetfranklymycardoesn’tdoanythingthatmybrother’sStudebakerdidn’tdo.ItgoesitstopsitburnsgasolinE.IstillhavetosteeritanditstillrunsintothingsifIdon’tsteeritcarefully.Butguesswhat?Allofthesethingsarelikelytochangeinthenot-so-distantfuturE.ItmaynotburngasolineImaynothavetosteeritanditmaybealotbetteratnotrunningintothings.Airbags安全气囊aren'tthebe-allandend-allinsafety.Infactconsideringtherecentnewsaboutpeopleoccasionallybeingkilledbytheirairbagsinlow-speedcollisionstheyobviouslystillneedsomedevelopment.Buttheyaren'tgoingawayandinfactyoucanexpecttoseecarsappearingwithadditionalside-impactairbagssomethingsomeEuropeancarmanufacturersalreadyoffer.Betterthansystemstominimizeinjuryintheeventofanaccidenthoweveraresystemsthatminimizethelikelihoodofanaccidenthappening.Futurecarsmaybeabletoremovemanyofthemajorcausesofaccidentsincludingdrunk-drivingandtailgating与前车距离过近.Carscouldbeequippedwithsensorsthatcandetectalcoholinadriver'ssystemandpreventthecarfrombeingstartedforexamplE.Asearlyasnextyearyou'llbeabletobuycarswithradar-equippedcontrolsystems.Iftheradardeterminesyou'reclosingtooquicklywiththecarinfrontitwilleaseuponthethrottle油门.Willcarseventuallybeabletodrivethemselves?There'snoreasontothinkitwon'tbetechnicallypossibleandMercedesisworkingonasystemthatcanbrakeaccelerateandsteeravehicledownahighwayonitsown.Nobodyreallyexpectspeopletogiveupallcontroltotheircarsbutsuchsystemscouldbeusedasfailsafe自动防止故障systemstokeepcarsontheroadandbringthemsafelytoastopevenifthedriversuddenlybecamedisableD.71.Whywastheauthorfascinatedbycars?A.Becausehereadunconventionalthingsaboutcarsinhisbrother'smagazines.B.Becauseothersmallboyslikedtoownacaroftheirowntoo.C.Becausehisoldestbrotherlovedtotakehimtoplacesinhiscar.D.Becausehesubscribedtocoolcarmagazines.72.Bysayingmycardoesn'tdoanythingthatmybrother'sStudebakerdidn’tdotheauthormeansthat_____.A.mycarisfarbetterthanmybrother'sB.mycarisnotasgoodasmybrother'sC.muchimprovementhasbeenmadeinthedesignofcarsrecentlyD.notmuchhaschangedintheperformanceofcarssofar73.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofairbags?A.Theyaregoingtodisappeargradually.B.Theyareinneedoffurtherimprovement.C.Theykillpeopleinsteadofprotectingtheminlow-speedcollisions.D.TheyareastandardfeatureofEuropeancars.74.Accordingtotheauthorwhatwillfuturecarsdoifthesensorsdetectalcoholinthedriver'ssystem?A.TheywillgiveawarninginadvancE.B.Theywillbrakeautomatically.C.Theywillnotstart.D.TheywilleaseuponthethrottlE.75.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Carswillbeabletodrivethemselves.B.PeoplewillgiveupallcontroltotheircarsC.Nocarswilleverbreakdownontheroads.D.Carswillallbeequippedwithfailsafesystems.
Pollutantscomingfromautomobileoperationhavebeguntocausemanyenvironmentalproblems.Ithasbeencalculatedforexamplethat70%ofthecarbonmonoxide45%ofthenitrogenoxidesand34%ofthehydrocarbon碳氢化合物pollutionintheUnitedStatescanbetraceddirectlytoautomobileexhausts废气.Inadditionrubbermotoroilandothermaterialsaccumulateonroadwaysandarewashedintostreamswitheffectsnearlyasseriousasthoseofuntreatedwastewater.InanefforttoimprovethesituationtheU.S.governmenthasmaderegulationsontheuseoftheconstituents成分ofautomobileexhaustgasthatareknowntocauseairpollution.Theseconstituentsfallroughlyintothreetypes:hydrocarbonsthatpassthroughtheengineunburned;carbonmonoxidealsoaproductofincompleteburning;andnitrogenoxideswhichareformedwhennitrogenandoxygenareincontactathightemperatures.Besidestheirownpoisonouscharacterhydrocarbonsandnitrogenoxidesreactinthepresenceofsunlighttoformharmfulsmog.Carbonmonoxideandhydrocarbonsarerathereasilycontrolledbytheuseofhigherburningtemperaturesinengines.Unfortunatelytheconditionsthatproduceminimumemissionofhydrocarbonstendtoraiseemissionofnitrogenoxides.Inawaythisdifficultyissolvedbyaddingrecycledexhaustgastothefuelmixturethusavoidingtheoversupplyofoxygenthatfavorsformationofnitrogenoxides.Californiawhichhasthemoststrictair-pollutionlawsintheUnitedStatesrequiresfurtherspecialcompoundingofgastocontrolemissionsandseveralstateshaveorderedthatalcoholbemixedwithgasasthiswillreduceemissionsofthecarbonmonoxideby35percentandthehydrocarbonsby15percent.67.TheauthorusesfiguresinParagraph1________.A.toshowtheconsequenceofautomobileexhaustsB.tohighlighttheimportanceofenvironmentprotectionC.toreflecttherapidgrowthofautomobileuseD.tocriticizethelowqualityofcars68.Howarenitrogenoxidesformedaccordingtothetext?A.Nitrogenandoxygenareputtogetheringreatheat.B.Carbonmonoxideandoxygenaremixedtogether.C.HydrocarbonspassthroughtheenginE.D.Nitrogenisburnedincompletely.69.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothetext?A.Hydrocarbonshavenopoisonouscharacterthemselves.B.Smogwillformwhenhydrocarbonsmeetnitrogenoxidesinthesunlight.C.CarbonmonoxidecanbecontrolledintheenginE.D.Theconditionsthatdeceaseemissionofhydrocarbonswillincreaseemissionofnitrogenoxides.70.Accordingtothetextalcoholisaddedtogasinorderto______.A.increaseawarenessofenvironmentprotectionB.controlairpollutionC.increasethefuelefficiencyD.replacegasgradually
Whenwetalkaboutboomerangs回飞棒weusuallymeanthecurveddevices弯曲的设备thatreturntoyouwhenyouthrowthembutthereareactuallytwodifferentkindsofboomerangs:thereturningtypeandthenon-returningtypE.Mostreturningboomerangsmeasure30to60cmacross.Non-returningboomerangsareusuallyheavierandlonger;typically1meterormoreacrossusuallyusedashuntingweapons.Expertsbelievetheinventionofboomerangswasmostlyamatteroftrialanderror.Firstlet’sconsiderhowaprimitivehuntermighthavecomeupwithanon-returningboomerang.InnaturethereareplentyofsticksthatarebentinacurvelikeaboomerangandpeopleprobablythrewthesortsofsticksallthetimE.Becauseofthestabilizingmotionofthetwobranchesofthestickthissortofstickwouldhavestayedintheairlongerandwouldhavebeeneasiertosendinthedesireddirection.Primitivehumansnoticedthisandsotheystartedspecificallyseekingoutbentsticks.Thentheystartedselectingthebestcurvedsticksthinnerlongeronesworkbetterandweresoonmakingsomechangessotheywereespeciallysuitedfortakingdownbirdsandanimals.Expertsaren’treallysurewhenandwherepeoplefirstdevelopedreturningboomerangsbuttheAboriginesofAustraliaaregenerallycreditedwiththeinvention.TheAboriginesusednon-returningboomerangswhichtheycalledkylieswidelyinhuntingandthetheoryisthatatsomepointoneormoreAboriginesusedakyliewiththeparticularshapeofaboomerangandnoticedthatittraveledinacurvE.Thatmighthavebeenapureaccident.Theamazingflightpatternofthenewdiscoverydidn’treallyhelpoutmuchinhunting—itactuallymadeithardertoaimaccurately—butitwasofcoursereallycool.EvidentlytheAboriginesperfectedtheboomerangdesignandthrowingtechniqueforthesimplepleasureofit.Howevertheboomerangdidhavesomelimiteduseinhunting.TheAborigineswouldsetupnetsintreesandthenthrowtheboomerangintotheairwhilemakingahawk鹰call.Thiswouldscarebirdssotheywouldflydownintothenets.51.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytellus?A.Howprimitivemeninventedreturningboomerangs.B.Hownon-returningboomerangswereinventeD.C.HowtheAboriginesofAustraliauseboomerangs.D.Howtothrowandcatchreturningboomerangs.52.Welearnfromthepassagethatreturningboomerangs_________.A.weredevelopedfromnon-returningboomerangsB.wereinventedearlierthannon-returningboomerangsC.aregenerallycalledkyliesbytheAboriginesD.areheavierandlongerthannon-returningboomerangs53.Fromthefourthparagraphwecaninfernon-returningboomerangsaremoresuitableforhuntingbecause_________.A.theylookmorefrighteningB.theycanmoveinacircleC.theyareeasiertoaimD.theyarelightertocarry54.AccordingtothepassageitismostprobablethatAborigines_________.A.firstusedbentstickstofrightenanimalsB.neverusedreturningboomerangsinhuntingC.likedtoplaywiththekylieforpleasureD.aretheinventorofreturningboomerangs
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