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阅渎材料： 材料一：在大国力量的天平上，有两个因素使日耳曼帝国能产生更直接，更具有现实意义的影响。第一，德国远不像日本那样是从地缘政治孤立状态中冒出来的，而是干脆在古老的欧洲国家体制的中心产生的。...
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阅渎材料 材料一在大国力量的天平上有两个因素使日耳曼帝国能产生更直接更具有现实意义的影响第一德国远
东欧剧变苏联解体两极格局崩溃欧盟成立俄罗斯走出低谷‘东方巨龙’腾飞不结盟运动组织不断壮大材料突出反映
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在人类历史上大国的兴衰消长始终是世界舞台上最受人瞩目的大戏给人类留下了丰富的经验和教训同时启迪着今天
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阅渎材料 材料一在大国力量的天平上有两个因素使日耳曼帝国能产生更直接更具有现实意义的影响第一德国远
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①③
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材料一所谓多极化并不是说世界上每个国家都能成为一极能成为多极化中一极的国家一般具有下列条件一是具有较
世界政治格局是指国际政治舞台上的各种力量从自身利益出发相互联系相互作用在一定时期内所形成的一种结构状
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EventheSaudis--orratherthesmallnumberofmenwhoactuallyruletheirtroubledcountry--aregivinggroundinthestruggleforwomen’srights.Forsuretherecommendations1thisweektoCrownPrinceAbdullahattheendofan2roundof"nationaldialogue"concentratingontheroleofwomenwerefairlytame.inthereformers-versus-reactionaries3testofwhetherwomenshouldbeallowedtodrivecarsatpresenttheycannotdosointhekingdomnorcantheytravelunaccompaniedbywhatever4ofmotionthekingwasmerelyaskedto"5abodytostudyapublic-transportsystemforwomentofacilitatemobility".6mentionofcourseoftherighttovote--butthenthathasbeen7tomentoothoughlocalelectionsonanapparentlyuniversalfranchisearesupposedtobeheldinOctober.Insumitisatortoise’sprogress.Buttheveryfactofthedebatehappeningatallis8--andhopeful. ItisnotjustinSaudiArabiathatmorerightsforwomenarebeingdemanded9acrossthewholeoftheArabandMuslimworld.ThepushyAmericanshavemadewomen’srightspartoftheirappealforgreaterdemocracyin10theynowofficiallycallthe"broaderMiddleEast"toincludenon-ArabMuslimcountriessuchasIranTurkeyandevenAfghanistan.ManyArabshavecautionedtheAmericansagainstseekingto11theirownvaluesonsocietieswithsuchdifferenttraditionsand12.ManyleadingMuslimshave13theculturallyimperiousAmericansofseekingto14Islam.The15formoredemocracyintheMuslimworldissuedbyleadersoftheeightbiggestindustrialcountrieswaswatereddownforfearofgiving16.YetdespitetheArabs’pricklinesstheAmericanshavehelpedpepupadebatethatisnowbubblingfiercelyintheArabworldeven17manyArableadersnoneofwhomisdirectlyelectedbythepeopleareunderstandably18ofreformsthatcouldleadtotheirowntoppling.Neverbeforehavewomen’srightsintheArabworldbeenso19debated.That20iscausetorejoice. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.5
EventheSaudis--orratherthesmallnumberofmenwhoactuallyruletheirtroubledcountry--aregivinggroundinthestruggleforwomen’srights.Forsuretherecommendations1thisweektoCrownPrinceAbdullahattheendofan2roundof"nationaldialogue"concentratingontheroleofwomenwerefairlytame.inthereformers-versus-reactionaries3testofwhetherwomenshouldbeallowedtodrivecarsatpresenttheycannotdosointhekingdomnorcantheytravelunaccompaniedbywhatever4ofmotionthekingwasmerelyaskedto"5abodytostudyapublic-transportsystemforwomentofacilitatemobility".6mentionofcourseoftherighttovote--butthenthathasbeen7tomentoothoughlocalelectionsonanapparentlyuniversalfranchisearesupposedtobeheldinOctober.Insumitisatortoise’sprogress.Buttheveryfactofthedebatehappeningatallis8--andhopeful. ItisnotjustinSaudiArabiathatmorerightsforwomenarebeingdemanded9acrossthewholeoftheArabandMuslimworld.ThepushyAmericanshavemadewomen’srightspartoftheirappealforgreaterdemocracyin10theynowofficiallycallthe"broaderMiddleEast"toincludenon-ArabMuslimcountriessuchasIranTurkeyandevenAfghanistan.ManyArabshavecautionedtheAmericansagainstseekingto11theirownvaluesonsocietieswithsuchdifferenttraditionsand12.ManyleadingMuslimshave13theculturallyimperiousAmericansofseekingto14Islam.The15formoredemocracyintheMuslimworldissuedbyleadersoftheeightbiggestindustrialcountrieswaswatereddownforfearofgiving16.YetdespitetheArabs’pricklinesstheAmericanshavehelpedpepupadebatethatisnowbubblingfiercelyintheArabworldeven17manyArableadersnoneofwhomisdirectlyelectedbythepeopleareunderstandably18ofreformsthatcouldleadtotheirowntoppling.Neverbeforehavewomen’srightsintheArabworldbeenso19debated.That20iscausetorejoice. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
EventheSaudis--orratherthesmallnumberofmenwhoactuallyruletheirtroubledcountry--aregivinggroundinthestruggleforwomen’srights.Forsuretherecommendations1thisweektoCrownPrinceAbdullahattheendofan2roundof"nationaldialogue"concentratingontheroleofwomenwerefairlytame.inthereformers-versus-reactionaries3testofwhetherwomenshouldbeallowedtodrivecarsatpresenttheycannotdosointhekingdomnorcantheytravelunaccompaniedbywhatever4ofmotionthekingwasmerelyaskedto"5abodytostudyapublic-transportsystemforwomentofacilitatemobility".6mentionofcourseoftherighttovote--butthenthathasbeen7tomentoothoughlocalelectionsonanapparentlyuniversalfranchisearesupposedtobeheldinOctober.Insumitisatortoise’sprogress.Buttheveryfactofthedebatehappeningatallis8--andhopeful. ItisnotjustinSaudiArabiathatmorerightsforwomenarebeingdemanded9acrossthewholeoftheArabandMuslimworld.ThepushyAmericanshavemadewomen’srightspartoftheirappealforgreaterdemocracyin10theynowofficiallycallthe"broaderMiddleEast"toincludenon-ArabMuslimcountriessuchasIranTurkeyandevenAfghanistan.ManyArabshavecautionedtheAmericansagainstseekingto11theirownvaluesonsocietieswithsuchdifferenttraditionsand12.ManyleadingMuslimshave13theculturallyimperiousAmericansofseekingto14Islam.The15formoredemocracyintheMuslimworldissuedbyleadersoftheeightbiggestindustrialcountrieswaswatereddownforfearofgiving16.YetdespitetheArabs’pricklinesstheAmericanshavehelpedpepupadebatethatisnowbubblingfiercelyintheArabworldeven17manyArableadersnoneofwhomisdirectlyelectedbythepeopleareunderstandably18ofreformsthatcouldleadtotheirowntoppling.Neverbeforehavewomen’srightsintheArabworldbeenso19debated.That20iscausetorejoice. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
Theworldisundergoingtremendouschanges.Theriseofglobalizationbothaneconomicandculturaltrendthathassweptthroughouttheworldhasforgednewgroundasweenterthe21stcentury.ButaretheeffectsofglobalizationalwayspositiveSomesayno. MichaelTenetheadoftheInternationalInstituteforForeignRelationsinAtlantaisworriedaboutcurrentresentmentthroughouttheworldtowardtheriseofglobalization."Eversincethe1980sandtheeconomiccollapseoftheAsianTigersinthelate1990stherehasbeenare-evaluationoftheroleofglobalizationasaforceforgood"hesaid."Incomesinmanycountrieshavedeclinedandthegapbetweenthemostrichandthemostpoorhasbeenaggravated.WithoutfurtherinterventionbygovernmentswecouldseeatragedyexpressedinanincreasedlevelofpovertythroughouttheLatinAmericaandAsia." YetGeorgeFrankaninfluentialeconomistwhoworksonWallStreetseesnosuchdanger."Economicliberalizationincreasedtransparencyandmarket-basedreformshavepositiveeffectinthelongrunevenifmarketmechanismscanproduceshort-termdestabilizationproblems"hesaid."WhatismostimportantisthatbarrierstotradecontinuetofallsothatactivecompetitionforConsumergoodsreducespricesandinturnraisestheaveragelevelofincome." Othersfeelthatglobalization’sculturalimpactmaybemoreimportantthanitseconomicimplications.JaniceYaweeanativeofAfricafeelsstronglythatglobalizationisunderminingherlocalcultureandlanguage."Mostoftheworld’sdialectswillbecomeextinctunderglobalization.We’repavingtheworldwithMcDonald’sandEnglishslang.Ittearsmeupinside"shesaid. Governmentsofdifferentcountrieshavehadmixedresponsestothewaveofglobalization.TheUnitedStatesisgenerallyseenasanactiveproponentofgreaterfreetradeanditcertainlyhasenormousculturalinfluencebyvirtueofitsnearmonopolyonworldwideentertainment.ButothercountriesmostnotablyinEuropeanddevelopingnationshavesoughttoreducetheimpactthatglobalizationhasontheirdomesticaffairs. "WhenIwasaboywehadverylittletospeakof"saysoneSingaporeanresident."Nowourcountryhasdevelopedintoaboominghubforinternationalfinance."Othershoweverarenotsooptimistic."Globalizationisanevilforcethatmustbehalted"aunionofficialatacarplantinDetroitrecentlycommented"It’ssuckingawayjobsandkillingthespiritofourcountry."401words Notes:slang俚语tearup撕碎挖开proponent支持者拥护者hub轮毂suckaway减少 TheviewsofMichaelTenetandGeorgeFrankonglobalizationare
46A"scientific"viewoflanguagewasdominantamongphilosophersandlinguistswhoaffectedtodevelopascientificanalysisofhumanthoughtandbehaviorintheearlypartofthiscentury.Undertheforceofthisviewitwasperhapsinevitablethattheartofrhetoricshouldpassfromthestatusofbeingregardedasofquestionableworthbecausealthoughitmightbebothasourceofpleasureandameanstourgepeopletorightactionitmightalsobeameanstodistorttruthandasourceofmisguidedactiontothestatusofbeingwhollycondemned.47Ifpeopleareregardedonlyasmachinesguidedbylogicastheywerebythese"scientific"thinkersrhetoricislikelytobeheldinlowregard:forthemostobvioustruthaboutrhetoricisthatitspeakstothewholeperson.Itpresentsitsargumentsfirsttothepersonasarationalbeingbecausepersuasivediscourseifhonestlyconceivedalwayshasabasisinreasoning.Logicalargumentistheplotasitwereofanyspeechoressaythatisrespectfullyintendedtopersuadepeople.48Yetitisacharacterizingfeatureofrhetoricthatgoesbeyondthisandappealstothepartsofournaturethatareinvolvedinfeelingdesiringactingandsuffering.Itrecallsrelevantinstancesoftheemotionalreactionsofpeopletocircumstances--realorfictional--thataresimilartoourowncircumstances.49Suchisthepurposeofbothhistoricalaccountsandfablesinpersuasivediscourse:theyindicateliterallyorsymbolicallyhowpeoplemayreactemotionallywithhopeorfeartoparticularcircumstances.Aspeechattemptingtopersuadepeoplecanachievelittleunlessittakesintoaccounttheaspectoftheirbeingrelatedtosuchhopesandfears. Rhetoricthenisaddressedtohumanbeingslivingatparticulartimesandinparticularplaces.Fromthepointofviewofrhetoricwearenotmerelylogicalthinkingmachinescreaturesabstractedfromtimeandspace.Thestudyofrhetoricshouldthereforebeconsideredthemosthumanisticofthehumanitiessincerhetoricisnotdirectedonlytoourrationalselves.Ittakesintoaccountwhatthe"scientific"viewleavesout.Ifitisweaknesstoharborfeelingsthenrhetoricmaybethoughtofasdealinginweakness.50Butthosewhorejecttheideaofrhetoricbecausetheybelieveitdealsinliesandwhoatthesametimehopetomovepeopletoactionmusteitherbeliarsthemselvesorbeverynaive.Purelogichasneverbeenamotivatingforceunlessithasbeensubordinatedtohumanpurposesfeelingsanddesiresandtherebyceasedtobepurelogic.447words Notes:rhetoric修辞学discourse论文讲演语篇asitwere可以说是姑且这么说 Suchisthepurposeofbothhistoricalaccountsandfablesinpersuasivediscourse:theyindicateliterallyorsymbolicallyhowpeoplemayreactemotionallywithhopeorfeartoparticularcircumstances.
46A"scientific"viewoflanguagewasdominantamongphilosophersandlinguistswhoaffectedtodevelopascientificanalysisofhumanthoughtandbehaviorintheearlypartofthiscentury.Undertheforceofthisviewitwasperhapsinevitablethattheartofrhetoricshouldpassfromthestatusofbeingregardedasofquestionableworthbecausealthoughitmightbebothasourceofpleasureandameanstourgepeopletorightactionitmightalsobeameanstodistorttruthandasourceofmisguidedactiontothestatusofbeingwhollycondemned.47Ifpeopleareregardedonlyasmachinesguidedbylogicastheywerebythese"scientific"thinkersrhetoricislikelytobeheldinlowregard:forthemostobvioustruthaboutrhetoricisthatitspeakstothewholeperson.Itpresentsitsargumentsfirsttothepersonasarationalbeingbecausepersuasivediscourseifhonestlyconceivedalwayshasabasisinreasoning.Logicalargumentistheplotasitwereofanyspeechoressaythatisrespectfullyintendedtopersuadepeople.48Yetitisacharacterizingfeatureofrhetoricthatgoesbeyondthisandappealstothepartsofournaturethatareinvolvedinfeelingdesiringactingandsuffering.Itrecallsrelevantinstancesoftheemotionalreactionsofpeopletocircumstances--realorfictional--thataresimilartoourowncircumstances.49Suchisthepurposeofbothhistoricalaccountsandfablesinpersuasivediscourse:theyindicateliterallyorsymbolicallyhowpeoplemayreactemotionallywithhopeorfeartoparticularcircumstances.Aspeechattemptingtopersuadepeoplecanachievelittleunlessittakesintoaccounttheaspectoftheirbeingrelatedtosuchhopesandfears. Rhetoricthenisaddressedtohumanbeingslivingatparticulartimesandinparticularplaces.Fromthepointofviewofrhetoricwearenotmerelylogicalthinkingmachinescreaturesabstractedfromtimeandspace.Thestudyofrhetoricshouldthereforebeconsideredthemosthumanisticofthehumanitiessincerhetoricisnotdirectedonlytoourrationalselves.Ittakesintoaccountwhatthe"scientific"viewleavesout.Ifitisweaknesstoharborfeelingsthenrhetoricmaybethoughtofasdealinginweakness.50Butthosewhorejecttheideaofrhetoricbecausetheybelieveitdealsinliesandwhoatthesametimehopetomovepeopletoactionmusteitherbeliarsthemselvesorbeverynaive.Purelogichasneverbeenamotivatingforceunlessithasbeensubordinatedtohumanpurposesfeelingsanddesiresandtherebyceasedtobepurelogic.447words Notes:rhetoric修辞学discourse论文讲演语篇asitwere可以说是姑且这么说 Ifpeopleareregardedonlyasmachinesguidedbylogicastheywerebythesescientificthinkersrhetoricislikelytobeheldinlowregard:forthemostobvioustruthaboutrhetoricisthatitspeakstothewholeperson.
EventheSaudis--orratherthesmallnumberofmenwhoactuallyruletheirtroubledcountry--aregivinggroundinthestruggleforwomen’srights.Forsuretherecommendations1thisweektoCrownPrinceAbdullahattheendofan2roundof"nationaldialogue"concentratingontheroleofwomenwerefairlytame.inthereformers-versus-reactionaries3testofwhetherwomenshouldbeallowedtodrivecarsatpresenttheycannotdosointhekingdomnorcantheytravelunaccompaniedbywhatever4ofmotionthekingwasmerelyaskedto"5abodytostudyapublic-transportsystemforwomentofacilitatemobility".6mentionofcourseoftherighttovote--butthenthathasbeen7tomentoothoughlocalelectionsonanapparentlyuniversalfranchisearesupposedtobeheldinOctober.Insumitisatortoise’sprogress.Buttheveryfactofthedebatehappeningatallis8--andhopeful. ItisnotjustinSaudiArabiathatmorerightsforwomenarebeingdemanded9acrossthewholeoftheArabandMuslimworld.ThepushyAmericanshavemadewomen’srightspartoftheirappealforgreaterdemocracyin10theynowofficiallycallthe"broaderMiddleEast"toincludenon-ArabMuslimcountriessuchasIranTurkeyandevenAfghanistan.ManyArabshavecautionedtheAmericansagainstseekingto11theirownvaluesonsocietieswithsuchdifferenttraditionsand12.ManyleadingMuslimshave13theculturallyimperiousAmericansofseekingto14Islam.The15formoredemocracyintheMuslimworldissuedbyleadersoftheeightbiggestindustrialcountrieswaswatereddownforfearofgiving16.YetdespitetheArabs’pricklinesstheAmericanshavehelpedpepupadebatethatisnowbubblingfiercelyintheArabworldeven17manyArableadersnoneofwhomisdirectlyelectedbythepeopleareunderstandably18ofreformsthatcouldleadtotheirowntoppling.Neverbeforehavewomen’srightsintheArabworldbeenso19debated.That20iscausetorejoice. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
[A]Amachinehasbeendevelopedthatpulpspaperandthenprocessesitintopackaginge.g.egg-boxesandcartons.Thiscouldbeeasilyadaptedforlocalauthoritiesuse.Itwouldmeanthatpeoplewouldhavetoseparatetheirrefuseintopaperandnon-paperwithadifferentdustbinforeach.Paperisinfactprobablythematerialthatcanbemosteasilyrecycled;andnowwithmassiveincreasesinpaperpricesthetimehascomeatwhichcollectionbylocalauthoritiescouldbeprofitable. [B]Recyclingofthiskindisalreadyhappeningwithmilkbottleswhicharereturnedtothedairieswashedoutandrefilled.Butbothglassandpaperarebeingthreatenedbythegrowinguseofplastic.MoreandmoredairiesareexperimentingwithplasticbottlesandithasbeenestimatedthatifallthemilkbottlesnecessaryweremadeofplasticthenBritishdairieswouldbeproducingtheequivalentofenoughplastictubingtoencircletheeartheveryfiveorsixdays! [C]Thepackageitselfisofnointeresttotheshopperwhousuallythrowsitawayimmediately.UselesswrappingaccountsformuchoftherefuseputoutbytheaverageLondonhouseholdeachweek.SowhyisitdoneSomeofitlikethecellophaneonmeatisnecessarybutmostoftherestissimplycompetitiveselling.Thisisabsurd.Packagingisusingupscarceenergyandresourcesandmessinguptheenvironment. [D]Thetroublewithplasticisthatitdoesnotrot.Someenvironmentalistsarguethattheonlysolutiontotheproblemofevergrowingmoundsofplasticcontainersistodoawaywithplasticaltogetherintheshopsasuggestionunacceptabletomanymanufacturerswhosaythereisnoalternativetotheirhandyplasticpacks. [E]Littleresearchhoweverisbeingcarriedoutonthecostsofalternativetypesofpackaging.Justhowpossibleisitforinstanceforlocalauthoritiestosalvagepaperpulpitandrecycleitasegg-boxesWoulditbecheapertoplantanotherforestPaperisthematerialmostusedforpackaging--20millionpaperbagsareapparentlyusedinGreatBritaineachday--butverylittleissalvaged. [F]Itisevidentthatmoreresearchisneededintotherecoveryandre-useofvariousmaterialsandintothecostofcollectingandrecyclingcontainersasopposedtoproducingnewones.Unnecessarypackagingintendedtobeusedjustonceandmakingthingslookbettersothatmorepeoplewillbuythemisclearlybecomingincreasinglyabsurd.Butitisnotsomuchaquestionofdoingawaywithpackagingasusingitsensibly.Whatisneedednowisamoresophisticatedapproachtousingscarceresourcesforwhatisafterallarelativelyunimportantfunction. [G]Togetachocolateoutofaboxrequiresaconsiderableamountofunpackingtheboxhastobetakenoutofthepaperbaginwhichitarrived;thecellophanewrapperhastobetornoffthelidopenedandthepaperremoved;thechocolateitselfthenhastobeunwrappedfromitsownpieceofpaper.Butthisinsaneamountofwrappingisnotconfinedtoluxuries.Itisnowbecomingincreasinglydifficulttobuyanythingthatisnotdoneupincellophanepolytheneorpaper.539words Notes:cellophane包装用的玻璃纸doup打包装饰polythene聚乙烯refusen.废料废物messup型脏弄乱salvage回收利用pulp使……成为浆状carton纸板盒encircle环绕mound小丘小堆doawaywith处理掉asopposedto与……对照notsomuch...as与其……倒不如…… Order: 43
Theworldisundergoingtremendouschanges.Theriseofglobalizationbothaneconomicandculturaltrendthathassweptthroughouttheworldhasforgednewgroundasweenterthe21stcentury.ButaretheeffectsofglobalizationalwayspositiveSomesayno. MichaelTenetheadoftheInternationalInstituteforForeignRelationsinAtlantaisworriedaboutcurrentresentmentthroughouttheworldtowardtheriseofglobalization."Eversincethe1980sandtheeconomiccollapseoftheAsianTigersinthelate1990stherehasbeenare-evaluationoftheroleofglobalizationasaforceforgood"hesaid."Incomesinmanycountrieshavedeclinedandthegapbetweenthemostrichandthemostpoorhasbeenaggravated.WithoutfurtherinterventionbygovernmentswecouldseeatragedyexpressedinanincreasedlevelofpovertythroughouttheLatinAmericaandAsia." YetGeorgeFrankaninfluentialeconomistwhoworksonWallStreetseesnosuchdanger."Economicliberalizationincreasedtransparencyandmarket-basedreformshavepositiveeffectinthelongrunevenifmarketmechanismscanproduceshort-termdestabilizationproblems"hesaid."WhatismostimportantisthatbarrierstotradecontinuetofallsothatactivecompetitionforConsumergoodsreducespricesandinturnraisestheaveragelevelofincome." Othersfeelthatglobalization’sculturalimpactmaybemoreimportantthanitseconomicimplications.JaniceYaweeanativeofAfricafeelsstronglythatglobalizationisunderminingherlocalcultureandlanguage."Mostoftheworld’sdialectswillbecomeextinctunderglobalization.We’repavingtheworldwithMcDonald’sandEnglishslang.Ittearsmeupinside"shesaid. Governmentsofdifferentcountrieshavehadmixedresponsestothewaveofglobalization.TheUnitedStatesisgenerallyseenasanactiveproponentofgreaterfreetradeanditcertainlyhasenormousculturalinfluencebyvirtueofitsnearmonopolyonworldwideentertainment.ButothercountriesmostnotablyinEuropeanddevelopingnationshavesoughttoreducetheimpactthatglobalizationhasontheirdomesticaffairs. "WhenIwasaboywehadverylittletospeakof"saysoneSingaporeanresident."Nowourcountryhasdevelopedintoaboominghubforinternationalfinance."Othershoweverarenotsooptimistic."Globalizationisanevilforcethatmustbehalted"aunionofficialatacarplantinDetroitrecentlycommented"It’ssuckingawayjobsandkillingthespiritofourcountry."401words Notes:slang俚语tearup撕碎挖开proponent支持者拥护者hub轮毂suckaway减少 Accordingtoparagraph5theresponsesofdifferentcountriestoglobalizationmaybelookedonas
[A]Amachinehasbeendevelopedthatpulpspaperandthenprocessesitintopackaginge.g.egg-boxesandcartons.Thiscouldbeeasilyadaptedforlocalauthoritiesuse.Itwouldmeanthatpeoplewouldhavetoseparatetheirrefuseintopaperandnon-paperwithadifferentdustbinforeach.Paperisinfactprobablythematerialthatcanbemosteasilyrecycled;andnowwithmassiveincreasesinpaperpricesthetimehascomeatwhichcollectionbylocalauthoritiescouldbeprofitable. [B]Recyclingofthiskindisalreadyhappeningwithmilkbottleswhicharereturnedtothedairieswashedoutandrefilled.Butbothglassandpaperarebeingthreatenedbythegrowinguseofplastic.MoreandmoredairiesareexperimentingwithplasticbottlesandithasbeenestimatedthatifallthemilkbottlesnecessaryweremadeofplasticthenBritishdairieswouldbeproducingtheequivalentofenoughplastictubingtoencircletheeartheveryfiveorsixdays! [C]Thepackageitselfisofnointeresttotheshopperwhousuallythrowsitawayimmediately.UselesswrappingaccountsformuchoftherefuseputoutbytheaverageLondonhouseholdeachweek.SowhyisitdoneSomeofitlikethecellophaneonmeatisnecessarybutmostoftherestissimplycompetitiveselling.Thisisabsurd.Packagingisusingupscarceenergyandresourcesandmessinguptheenvironment. [D]Thetroublewithplasticisthatitdoesnotrot.Someenvironmentalistsarguethattheonlysolutiontotheproblemofevergrowingmoundsofplasticcontainersistodoawaywithplasticaltogetherintheshopsasuggestionunacceptabletomanymanufacturerswhosaythereisnoalternativetotheirhandyplasticpacks. [E]Littleresearchhoweverisbeingcarriedoutonthecostsofalternativetypesofpackaging.Justhowpossibleisitforinstanceforlocalauthoritiestosalvagepaperpulpitandrecycleitasegg-boxesWoulditbecheapertoplantanotherforestPaperisthematerialmostusedforpackaging--20millionpaperbagsareapparentlyusedinGreatBritaineachday--butverylittleissalvaged. [F]Itisevidentthatmoreresearchisneededintotherecoveryandre-useofvariousmaterialsandintothecostofcollectingandrecyclingcontainersasopposedtoproducingnewones.Unnecessarypackagingintendedtobeusedjustonceandmakingthingslookbettersothatmorepeoplewillbuythemisclearlybecomingincreasinglyabsurd.Butitisnotsomuchaquestionofdoingawaywithpackagingasusingitsensibly.Whatisneedednowisamoresophisticatedapproachtousingscarceresourcesforwhatisafterallarelativelyunimportantfunction. [G]Togetachocolateoutofaboxrequiresaconsiderableamountofunpackingtheboxhastobetakenoutofthepaperbaginwhichitarrived;thecellophanewrapperhastobetornoffthelidopenedandthepaperremoved;thechocolateitselfthenhastobeunwrappedfromitsownpieceofpaper.Butthisinsaneamountofwrappingisnotconfinedtoluxuries.Itisnowbecomingincreasinglydifficulttobuyanythingthatisnotdoneupincellophanepolytheneorpaper.539words Notes:cellophane包装用的玻璃纸doup打包装饰polythene聚乙烯refusen.废料废物messup型脏弄乱salvage回收利用pulp使……成为浆状carton纸板盒encircle环绕mound小丘小堆doawaywith处理掉asopposedto与……对照notsomuch...as与其……倒不如…… Order: 45
Directions: YouwanttorecommendMr.CollinstoProfessorSmithtofindapositionfortheformer.Writealetterbasedonthefollowingoutline: 1PersonalinformationaboutMr.Collinscurriculumvitaepersonalityjobcapabilitiesetc. 2Yoursincerehope. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.
EventheSaudis--orratherthesmallnumberofmenwhoactuallyruletheirtroubledcountry--aregivinggroundinthestruggleforwomen’srights.Forsuretherecommendations1thisweektoCrownPrinceAbdullahattheendofan2roundof"nationaldialogue"concentratingontheroleofwomenwerefairlytame.inthereformers-versus-reactionaries3testofwhetherwomenshouldbeallowedtodrivecarsatpresenttheycannotdosointhekingdomnorcantheytravelunaccompaniedbywhatever4ofmotionthekingwasmerelyaskedto"5abodytostudyapublic-transportsystemforwomentofacilitatemobility".6mentionofcourseoftherighttovote--butthenthathasbeen7tomentoothoughlocalelectionsonanapparentlyuniversalfranchisearesupposedtobeheldinOctober.Insumitisatortoise’sprogress.Buttheveryfactofthedebatehappeningatallis8--andhopeful. ItisnotjustinSaudiArabiathatmorerightsforwomenarebeingdemanded9acrossthewholeoftheArabandMuslimworld.ThepushyAmericanshavemadewomen’srightspartoftheirappealforgreaterdemocracyin10theynowofficiallycallthe"broaderMiddleEast"toincludenon-ArabMuslimcountriessuchasIranTurkeyandevenAfghanistan.ManyArabshavecautionedtheAmericansagainstseekingto11theirownvaluesonsocietieswithsuchdifferenttraditionsand12.ManyleadingMuslimshave13theculturallyimperiousAmericansofseekingto14Islam.The15formoredemocracyintheMuslimworldissuedbyleadersoftheeightbiggestindustrialcountrieswaswatereddownforfearofgiving16.YetdespitetheArabs’pricklinesstheAmericanshavehelpedpepupadebatethatisnowbubblingfiercelyintheArabworldeven17manyArableadersnoneofwhomisdirectlyelectedbythepeopleareunderstandably18ofreformsthatcouldleadtotheirowntoppling.Neverbeforehavewomen’srightsintheArabworldbeenso19debated.That20iscausetorejoice. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.3
[A]Amachinehasbeendevelopedthatpulpspaperandthenprocessesitintopackaginge.g.egg-boxesandcartons.Thiscouldbeeasilyadaptedforlocalauthoritiesuse.Itwouldmeanthatpeoplewouldhavetoseparatetheirrefuseintopaperandnon-paperwithadifferentdustbinforeach.Paperisinfactprobablythematerialthatcanbemosteasilyrecycled;andnowwithmassiveincreasesinpaperpricesthetimehascomeatwhichcollectionbylocalauthoritiescouldbeprofitable. [B]Recyclingofthiskindisalreadyhappeningwithmilkbottleswhicharereturnedtothedairieswashedoutandrefilled.Butbothglassandpaperarebeingthreatenedbythegrowinguseofplastic.MoreandmoredairiesareexperimentingwithplasticbottlesandithasbeenestimatedthatifallthemilkbottlesnecessaryweremadeofplasticthenBritishdairieswouldbeproducingtheequivalentofenoughplastictubingtoencircletheeartheveryfiveorsixdays! [C]Thepackageitselfisofnointeresttotheshopperwhousuallythrowsitawayimmediately.UselesswrappingaccountsformuchoftherefuseputoutbytheaverageLondonhouseholdeachweek.SowhyisitdoneSomeofitlikethecellophaneonmeatisnecessarybutmostoftherestissimplycompetitiveselling.Thisisabsurd.Packagingisusingupscarceenergyandresourcesandmessinguptheenvironment. [D]Thetroublewithplasticisthatitdoesnotrot.Someenvironmentalistsarguethattheonlysolutiontotheproblemofevergrowingmoundsofplasticcontainersistodoawaywithplasticaltogetherintheshopsasuggestionunacceptabletomanymanufacturerswhosaythereisnoalternativetotheirhandyplasticpacks. [E]Littleresearchhoweverisbeingcarriedoutonthecostsofalternativetypesofpackaging.Justhowpossibleisitforinstanceforlocalauthoritiestosalvagepaperpulpitandrecycleitasegg-boxesWoulditbecheapertoplantanotherforestPaperisthematerialmostusedforpackaging--20millionpaperbagsareapparentlyusedinGreatBritaineachday--butverylittleissalvaged. [F]Itisevidentthatmoreresearchisneededintotherecoveryandre-useofvariousmaterialsandintothecostofcollectingandrecyclingcontainersasopposedtoproducingnewones.Unnecessarypackagingintendedtobeusedjustonceandmakingthingslookbettersothatmorepeoplewillbuythemisclearlybecomingincreasinglyabsurd.Butitisnotsomuchaquestionofdoingawaywithpackagingasusingitsensibly.Whatisneedednowisamoresophisticatedapproachtousingscarceresourcesforwhatisafterallarelativelyunimportantfunction. [G]Togetachocolateoutofaboxrequiresaconsiderableamountofunpackingtheboxhastobetakenoutofthepaperbaginwhichitarrived;thecellophanewrapperhastobetornoffthelidopenedandthepaperremoved;thechocolateitselfthenhastobeunwrappedfromitsownpieceofpaper.Butthisinsaneamountofwrappingisnotconfinedtoluxuries.Itisnowbecomingincreasinglydifficulttobuyanythingthatisnotdoneupincellophanepolytheneorpaper.539words Notes:cellophane包装用的玻璃纸doup打包装饰polythene聚乙烯refusen.废料废物messup型脏弄乱salvage回收利用pulp使……成为浆状carton纸板盒encircle环绕mound小丘小堆doawaywith处理掉asopposedto与……对照notsomuch...as与其……倒不如…… Order: 41
EventheSaudis--orratherthesmallnumberofmenwhoactuallyruletheirtroubledcountry--aregivinggroundinthestruggleforwomen’srights.Forsuretherecommendations1thisweektoCrownPrinceAbdullahattheendofan2roundof"nationaldialogue"concentratingontheroleofwomenwerefairlytame.inthereformers-versus-reactionaries3testofwhetherwomenshouldbeallowedtodrivecarsatpresenttheycannotdosointhekingdomnorcantheytravelunaccompaniedbywhatever4ofmotionthekingwasmerelyaskedto"5abodytostudyapublic-transportsystemforwomentofacilitatemobility".6mentionofcourseoftherighttovote--butthenthathasbeen7tomentoothoughlocalelectionsonanapparentlyuniversalfranchisearesupposedtobeheldinOctober.Insumitisatortoise’sprogress.Buttheveryfactofthedebatehappeningatallis8--andhopeful. ItisnotjustinSaudiArabiathatmorerightsforwomenarebeingdemanded9acrossthewholeoftheArabandMuslimworld.ThepushyAmericanshavemadewomen’srightspartoftheirappealforgreaterdemocracyin10theynowofficiallycallthe"broaderMiddleEast"toincludenon-ArabMuslimcountriessuchasIranTurkeyandevenAfghanistan.ManyArabshavecautionedtheAmericansagainstseekingto11theirownvaluesonsocietieswithsuchdifferenttraditionsand12.ManyleadingMuslimshave13theculturallyimperiousAmericansofseekingto14Islam.The15formoredemocracyintheMuslimworldissuedbyleadersoftheeightbiggestindustrialcountrieswaswatereddownforfearofgiving16.YetdespitetheArabs’pricklinesstheAmericanshavehelpedpepupadebatethatisnowbubblingfiercelyintheArabworldeven17manyArableadersnoneofwhomisdirectlyelectedbythepeopleareunderstandably18ofreformsthatcouldleadtotheirowntoppling.Neverbeforehavewomen’srightsintheArabworldbeenso19debated.That20iscausetorejoice. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.9
EventheSaudis--orratherthesmallnumberofmenwhoactuallyruletheirtroubledcountry--aregivinggroundinthestruggleforwomen’srights.Forsuretherecommendations1thisweektoCrownPrinceAbdullahattheendofan2roundof"nationaldialogue"concentratingontheroleofwomenwerefairlytame.inthereformers-versus-reactionaries3testofwhetherwomenshouldbeallowedtodrivecarsatpresenttheycannotdosointhekingdomnorcantheytravelunaccompaniedbywhatever4ofmotionthekingwasmerelyaskedto"5abodytostudyapublic-transportsystemforwomentofacilitatemobility".6mentionofcourseoftherighttovote--butthenthathasbeen7tomentoothoughlocalelectionsonanapparentlyuniversalfranchisearesupposedtobeheldinOctober.Insumitisatortoise’sprogress.Buttheveryfactofthedebatehappeningatallis8--andhopeful. ItisnotjustinSaudiArabiathatmorerightsforwomenarebeingdemanded9acrossthewholeoftheArabandMuslimworld.ThepushyAmericanshavemadewomen’srightspartoftheirappealforgreaterdemocracyin10theynowofficiallycallthe"broaderMiddleEast"toincludenon-ArabMuslimcountriessuchasIranTurkeyandevenAfghanistan.ManyArabshavecautionedtheAmericansagainstseekingto11theirownvaluesonsocietieswithsuchdifferenttraditionsand12.ManyleadingMuslimshave13theculturallyimperiousAmericansofseekingto14Islam.The15formoredemocracyintheMuslimworldissuedbyleadersoftheeightbiggestindustrialcountrieswaswatereddownforfearofgiving16.YetdespitetheArabs’pricklinesstheAmericanshavehelpedpepupadebatethatisnowbubblingfiercelyintheArabworldeven17manyArableadersnoneofwhomisdirectlyelectedbythepeopleareunderstandably18ofreformsthatcouldleadtotheirowntoppling.Neverbeforehavewomen’srightsintheArabworldbeenso19debated.That20iscausetorejoice. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.1
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