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PartB Directions: Studythefollowingdrawingcareful
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PartB Directions: Studythefollowingdrawingcareful
Directions: Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandw
Directions: Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandw
Directions: Studythepictureabovecarefullyandwrite
Directions: Studythepictureabovecarefullyandwrite
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PartB Directions: Studythefollowingdrawingcareful
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What’syourearliestchildhoodmemoryCanyourememberlearningtowalkOrtalkThefirsttimeyouheardthunderorwatchedatelevisionprogramAdultsseldom1eventsmuchearlierthantheyearorsobeforeenteringschool2childrenyoungerthanthreeorfour3retainanyspecificpersonalexperiences. Avarietyofexplanationshavebeen4bypsychologistsforthis"childhoodamnesia".Onearguesthatthehippo-campus;theregionofthebrainwhichis5forformingmemoriesdoesnotmatureuntilabouttheageoftwo.Butthemostpopulartheory6thatsinceadultsdon’tthinklikechildrentheycannot7childhoodmemories.Adultsthinkinwordsandtheirlifememoriesarelikestoriesor8oneeventfollows9asinanovelorfilm.Butwhentheysearchthroughtheirmental10forearlychildhoodmemoriestoaddtothisverballifestorytheydon’tfindanythatfitthe11.It’sliketryingtofindaChinesewordinanEnglishdictionary. NowpsychologistAnnetteSimmsoftheNewYorkStateUniversityoffersanew12forchildhoodamnesia.Shearguesthattheresimplyaren’tanyearlychildhoodmemoriesto13.AccordingtoDr.Simmschildrenneedtolearntousesomeoneelse’sspokendescriptionoftheirpersonal14inordertoturntheirownshort-termquicklyforgotten15ofthemintolong-termmemories.Inother16childrenhavetotalkabouttheirexperiencesandhearotherstalkabout17--Mothertalkingabouttheafternoon18lookingforseashellsatthebeachorDadaskingthemabouttheirdayatOceanPark.Withoutthis19reinforcementsaysDr.Simmschildrencannotform20memoriesoftheirpersonalexperiences. Notes:childhoodamnesia儿童失忆症 5
Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportionsthreatensthepublicscientistsimmediatelygettoworktryingtolocatethesourceofafflictionandfindwaystocombat.Vaccinationisoneoftheeffectivewaystoprotectthe1populationofaregionorcountrywhichmaybe2graverisk.Theprocessofvaccinationallowsthepatient’sbodyto3immunitytothevirusordiseasesothatifitisencounteredonecanfightit4naturally.Toaccomplishthisasmallweakordead5ofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolledenvironment6hisbody’simmunesystemcanlearntofighttheinvader7.Information8howtopenetratethedisease’sdefensesis9toallelementsofthepatient’simmunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnaturallyinwhichgeneticinformationispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethat10thepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblemhisbodyiswellequippedandtrainedto11withithavingalreadydonesobefore. Therearehoweverdangers12intheprocess.13eventheweakenedversionofthediseasecontainedinthevaccineproves14muchforthebodytohandleresultingintheimmunesystem15andthereforethepatient’sdeath.Suchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccine16toeradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearly17thewholeNativeAmericanpopulationandkilledmassivenumbersofsettlers.181in10000peoplewhoreceivethevaccine19thesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddiesfromit.Consequentlytheprocesswhichistrulya20mayindeedhidesomehiddencurses. Notes:proportionspl.规模程度大小affliction疾病痛苦vaccinationn.接种疫苗eradicatev.根除消灭 13
What’syourearliestchildhoodmemoryCanyourememberlearningtowalkOrtalkThefirsttimeyouheardthunderorwatchedatelevisionprogramAdultsseldom1eventsmuchearlierthantheyearorsobeforeenteringschool2childrenyoungerthanthreeorfour3retainanyspecificpersonalexperiences. Avarietyofexplanationshavebeen4bypsychologistsforthis"childhoodamnesia".Onearguesthatthehippo-campus;theregionofthebrainwhichis5forformingmemoriesdoesnotmatureuntilabouttheageoftwo.Butthemostpopulartheory6thatsinceadultsdon’tthinklikechildrentheycannot7childhoodmemories.Adultsthinkinwordsandtheirlifememoriesarelikestoriesor8oneeventfollows9asinanovelorfilm.Butwhentheysearchthroughtheirmental10forearlychildhoodmemoriestoaddtothisverballifestorytheydon’tfindanythatfitthe11.It’sliketryingtofindaChinesewordinanEnglishdictionary. NowpsychologistAnnetteSimmsoftheNewYorkStateUniversityoffersanew12forchildhoodamnesia.Shearguesthattheresimplyaren’tanyearlychildhoodmemoriesto13.AccordingtoDr.Simmschildrenneedtolearntousesomeoneelse’sspokendescriptionoftheirpersonal14inordertoturntheirownshort-termquicklyforgotten15ofthemintolong-termmemories.Inother16childrenhavetotalkabouttheirexperiencesandhearotherstalkabout17--Mothertalkingabouttheafternoon18lookingforseashellsatthebeachorDadaskingthemabouttheirdayatOceanPark.Withoutthis19reinforcementsaysDr.Simmschildrencannotform20memoriesoftheirpersonalexperiences. Notes:childhoodamnesia儿童失忆症 3
IncreasinglyhistoriansareblamingdiseasesimportedfromtheOldWorldforthegreatdisparitybetweenthenativepopulationofAmericain1492--newestimatesofwhichjumpashighas100millionorapproximatelyone-sixthofthehumanraceatthattime--andthefewmillionfull-bloodedNativeAmericansaliveattheendofthenineteenthcentury.Thereisnodoubtthatchronicdiseasewasanimportantfactorinthesharpdeclineanditishighlyprobablethatthegreatestkillerwasepidemicdiseaseespeciallyasmanifestedinvirgin-soilepidemics.Virgin-soilepidemicsarethoseinwhichthepopulationsatriskhavehadnopreviouscontactwiththediseasesthatstrikethemandarethereforeimmunologicallyalmostdefenseless.Thatvirgin-soilepidemicswereimportantinAmericanhistoryisstronglyindicatedbyevidencethatanumberofdangerousmaladies--smallpoxmeaslesmalariayellowfeverandundoubtedlyseveralmore--wereunknowninthepre-ColumbianNewWorld.TheeffectsoftheirsuddenintroductionaredemonstratedintheearlychroniclesofAmericawhichcontainreportsofhorribleepidemicsandsteeppopulationdeclinesconfirmedinmanycasesbyquantitativeanalyzesofSpanishtributerecordsandothersources.TheevidenceprovidedbythedocumentsofBritishandFrenchcoloniesisnotasdefinitivebecausetheconquerorsofthoseareasdidnotestablishpermanentsettlementsandbegantokeepcontinuousrecordsuntiltheseventeenthcenturybywhichtimetheworstepidemicshadprobablyalreadytakenplace.FurthermoretheBritishtendedtodrivethenativepopulationsawayratherthantoenslavethemastheSpaniardsdid;sothattheepidemicsofBritishAmericaoccurredbeyondtherangeofcolonists’directobservation.EvensothesurvivingrecordsofNorthAmericadocontainreferencestodeadlyepidemicsamongthenativepopulation.In1616--1619anepidemicpossiblyofpneumonicplaguesweptcoastalNewEnglandkillingasmanyasnineoutoften.Duringthe1630’ssmallpoxthediseasemostfataltotheNativeAmericanpeopleeliminatedhalfthepopulationoftheHuronandIroquoisconfederations.Inthe1820’sfeverruinedthepeopleoftheColumbiaRiverareakillingeightoutoftenofthem.UnfortunatelythedocumentationoftheseandotherepidemicsisslightandfrequentlyunreliableanditisnecessarytosupplementwhatlittlewedeknowwithevidencefromrecentepidemicsamongNativeAmericans.Forexamplein1952anoutbreakofmeaslesamongtheNativeAmericaninhabitantsofUngavaBayQuebecaffected99percentofthepopulationandkilled7percenteventhoughsomehadthebenefitofmodernmedicine.Casessuchasthisdemonstratethatevendiseasesthatarenotnormallyfatalcanhavedestroyingconsequenceswhentheystrikeanimmunologicallydefenselesscommunity.Notes:disparity差距virgin-soil处女地malady疾病chronicle编年史tribute贡品pneumonicplague肺鼠疫confederation同盟smallpox天花measles麻疹Theauthormentionsthe1952measlesoutbreakmostprobablyinorderto
Educationisoneofthekeywordsofourtime.Amanwithoutaneducationmanyofusbelieveisanunfortunatevictimofunfortunatecircumstancesdeprivedofoneofthegreatesttwentieth-centuryopportunities.Convincedoftheimportanceofeducationmodernstatesinvestininstitutionsoflearningtogetbackinterestintheformofalargegroupofenlightenedyoungmenandwomenwhoarepotentialleaders.Educationwithitscyclesofinstructionsocarefullyworkedoutispunctuatedbytextbooks--thosepurchasablewellsofwisdom--whatwouldcivilizationbelikewithoutitsbenefitsSomuchiscertain:thatwewouldhavedoctorsandpreacherslawyersanddefendantsmarriagesandbirths;butourspiritualoutlookwouldbedifferent.Wewouldlaylessstressonfactsandfiguresandmoreonagoodmemoryonappliedpsychologyandonthecapacityofamantogetalongwithhisfellow-citizens.Ifoureducationalsystemwerefashionedafteritsbooklesspastwewouldhavethemostdemocraticformofcollegeimaginable.Amongthepeoplewhomweliketocallsavagesallknowledgeinheritedbytraditionissharedbyall;itistaughttoeverymemberofthetribesothatinthisrespecteverybodyisequallyequippedforlife.Itistheidealconditionoftheequalstartwhichonlyourmostprogressiveformsofmoderneducationtrytoreachagain.Inprimitiveculturestheobligationtoseekandtoreceivethetraditionalinstructionisbindingonall.Therearenoilliterates--ifthetermcanbeappliedtopeopleswithoutascript--whileourowncompulsoryschoolattendancebecamelawinGermanyin1642inFrancein1806andinEngland1976andisstillnon-existentinanumberofcivilizednations.Thisshowshowlongitwasbeforeweconsidereditnecessarytomakesurethatallourchildrencouldshareintheknowledgeaccumulatedbythehappyfewduringthepastcenturies.Educationinthewildernessisnotamatterofmonetarymeans.Allareentitledtoanequalstart.Thereisnoneofthehurrythatinoursocietyoftenhampersthefulldevelopmentofagrowingpersonality.Thereachildgrowsupundertheever-presentattentionofhisparents;thereforethejunglesandthesavagesknowofnojuveniledelinquency.Nonecessityofmakingalivingawayfromhomeresultsinneglectofchildrenandnofatherisconfrontedwithhisinabilitytobuyaneducationforhischild.Notes:juveniledelinquency青少年犯罪Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat
What’syourearliestchildhoodmemoryCanyourememberlearningtowalkOrtalkThefirsttimeyouheardthunderorwatchedatelevisionprogramAdultsseldom1eventsmuchearlierthantheyearorsobeforeenteringschool2childrenyoungerthanthreeorfour3retainanyspecificpersonalexperiences. Avarietyofexplanationshavebeen4bypsychologistsforthis"childhoodamnesia".Onearguesthatthehippo-campus;theregionofthebrainwhichis5forformingmemoriesdoesnotmatureuntilabouttheageoftwo.Butthemostpopulartheory6thatsinceadultsdon’tthinklikechildrentheycannot7childhoodmemories.Adultsthinkinwordsandtheirlifememoriesarelikestoriesor8oneeventfollows9asinanovelorfilm.Butwhentheysearchthroughtheirmental10forearlychildhoodmemoriestoaddtothisverballifestorytheydon’tfindanythatfitthe11.It’sliketryingtofindaChinesewordinanEnglishdictionary. NowpsychologistAnnetteSimmsoftheNewYorkStateUniversityoffersanew12forchildhoodamnesia.Shearguesthattheresimplyaren’tanyearlychildhoodmemoriesto13.AccordingtoDr.Simmschildrenneedtolearntousesomeoneelse’sspokendescriptionoftheirpersonal14inordertoturntheirownshort-termquicklyforgotten15ofthemintolong-termmemories.Inother16childrenhavetotalkabouttheirexperiencesandhearotherstalkabout17--Mothertalkingabouttheafternoon18lookingforseashellsatthebeachorDadaskingthemabouttheirdayatOceanPark.Withoutthis19reinforcementsaysDr.Simmschildrencannotform20memoriesoftheirpersonalexperiences. Notes:childhoodamnesia儿童失忆症 1
What’syourearliestchildhoodmemoryCanyourememberlearningtowalkOrtalkThefirsttimeyouheardthunderorwatchedatelevisionprogramAdultsseldom1eventsmuchearlierthantheyearorsobeforeenteringschool2childrenyoungerthanthreeorfour3retainanyspecificpersonalexperiences. Avarietyofexplanationshavebeen4bypsychologistsforthis"childhoodamnesia".Onearguesthatthehippo-campus;theregionofthebrainwhichis5forformingmemoriesdoesnotmatureuntilabouttheageoftwo.Butthemostpopulartheory6thatsinceadultsdon’tthinklikechildrentheycannot7childhoodmemories.Adultsthinkinwordsandtheirlifememoriesarelikestoriesor8oneeventfollows9asinanovelorfilm.Butwhentheysearchthroughtheirmental10forearlychildhoodmemoriestoaddtothisverballifestorytheydon’tfindanythatfitthe11.It’sliketryingtofindaChinesewordinanEnglishdictionary. NowpsychologistAnnetteSimmsoftheNewYorkStateUniversityoffersanew12forchildhoodamnesia.Shearguesthattheresimplyaren’tanyearlychildhoodmemoriesto13.AccordingtoDr.Simmschildrenneedtolearntousesomeoneelse’sspokendescriptionoftheirpersonal14inordertoturntheirownshort-termquicklyforgotten15ofthemintolong-termmemories.Inother16childrenhavetotalkabouttheirexperiencesandhearotherstalkabout17--Mothertalkingabouttheafternoon18lookingforseashellsatthebeachorDadaskingthemabouttheirdayatOceanPark.Withoutthis19reinforcementsaysDr.Simmschildrencannotform20memoriesoftheirpersonalexperiences. Notes:childhoodamnesia儿童失忆症 7
Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportionsthreatensthepublicscientistsimmediatelygettoworktryingtolocatethesourceofafflictionandfindwaystocombat.Vaccinationisoneoftheeffectivewaystoprotectthe1populationofaregionorcountrywhichmaybe2graverisk.Theprocessofvaccinationallowsthepatient’sbodyto3immunitytothevirusordiseasesothatifitisencounteredonecanfightit4naturally.Toaccomplishthisasmallweakordead5ofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolledenvironment6hisbody’simmunesystemcanlearntofighttheinvader7.Information8howtopenetratethedisease’sdefensesis9toallelementsofthepatient’simmunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnaturallyinwhichgeneticinformationispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethat10thepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblemhisbodyiswellequippedandtrainedto11withithavingalreadydonesobefore. Therearehoweverdangers12intheprocess.13eventheweakenedversionofthediseasecontainedinthevaccineproves14muchforthebodytohandleresultingintheimmunesystem15andthereforethepatient’sdeath.Suchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccine16toeradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearly17thewholeNativeAmericanpopulationandkilledmassivenumbersofsettlers.181in10000peoplewhoreceivethevaccine19thesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddiesfromit.Consequentlytheprocesswhichistrulya20mayindeedhidesomehiddencurses. Notes:proportionspl.规模程度大小affliction疾病痛苦vaccinationn.接种疫苗eradicatev.根除消灭 11
Educationisoneofthekeywordsofourtime.Amanwithoutaneducationmanyofusbelieveisanunfortunatevictimofunfortunatecircumstancesdeprivedofoneofthegreatesttwentieth-centuryopportunities.Convincedoftheimportanceofeducationmodernstatesinvestininstitutionsoflearningtogetbackinterestintheformofalargegroupofenlightenedyoungmenandwomenwhoarepotentialleaders.Educationwithitscyclesofinstructionsocarefullyworkedoutispunctuatedbytextbooks--thosepurchasablewellsofwisdom--whatwouldcivilizationbelikewithoutitsbenefitsSomuchiscertain:thatwewouldhavedoctorsandpreacherslawyersanddefendantsmarriagesandbirths;butourspiritualoutlookwouldbedifferent.Wewouldlaylessstressonfactsandfiguresandmoreonagoodmemoryonappliedpsychologyandonthecapacityofamantogetalongwithhisfellow-citizens.Ifoureducationalsystemwerefashionedafteritsbooklesspastwewouldhavethemostdemocraticformofcollegeimaginable.Amongthepeoplewhomweliketocallsavagesallknowledgeinheritedbytraditionissharedbyall;itistaughttoeverymemberofthetribesothatinthisrespecteverybodyisequallyequippedforlife.Itistheidealconditionoftheequalstartwhichonlyourmostprogressiveformsofmoderneducationtrytoreachagain.Inprimitiveculturestheobligationtoseekandtoreceivethetraditionalinstructionisbindingonall.Therearenoilliterates--ifthetermcanbeappliedtopeopleswithoutascript--whileourowncompulsoryschoolattendancebecamelawinGermanyin1642inFrancein1806andinEngland1976andisstillnon-existentinanumberofcivilizednations.Thisshowshowlongitwasbeforeweconsidereditnecessarytomakesurethatallourchildrencouldshareintheknowledgeaccumulatedbythehappyfewduringthepastcenturies.Educationinthewildernessisnotamatterofmonetarymeans.Allareentitledtoanequalstart.Thereisnoneofthehurrythatinoursocietyoftenhampersthefulldevelopmentofagrowingpersonality.Thereachildgrowsupundertheever-presentattentionofhisparents;thereforethejunglesandthesavagesknowofnojuveniledelinquency.Nonecessityofmakingalivingawayfromhomeresultsinneglectofchildrenandnofatherisconfrontedwithhisinabilitytobuyaneducationforhischild.Notes:juveniledelinquency青少年犯罪Thewordinterestinthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans
Whenintheageofautomationmansearchesforaworkertodothetediousunpleasantjobsthataremoreorlessimpossibletomechanizehemayveryprofitablyconsidertheape.Ifwetackledtheproblemofbreedingforbrainswithasmuchenthusiasmaswedevotetobreedingdogsofsurrealisticshapeswecouldeventuallyproduceassortedmodelsofusefulprimatesranginginsizefromthegorilladowntothebabooneachadaptedtoaspecialkindofwork.Itisnotputtingtoomuchstrainontheimaginationtoassumethatgeneticistscouldproduceasuper-apewhichisabletounderstandsomescoresofwordsandcapableofbeingtrainedforsuchjobsaspickingfruitcleaningupthelitterinparksshiningshoescollectinggarbagedoinghouseholdchoresandevenbaby-sittingalthoughIhaveknownsomebabiesIwouldnotcaretotrustwithavaluableape.ApescoulddomanyjobssuchascleaningstreetsandthemorerepetitivetypesofagriculturalworkwithoutsupervisionthoughtheymightneedprotectionfromthoseegregiousspecimensofHomesapienswhothinkitamusingtoteaseorbullyanythingtheyconsiderlowerontheevolutionaryladder.Forothertaskssuchasdeliveringpapersandlaboringonthedocksourman-apewouldhavetoworkunderhumanoverseers;andincidentallyIwouldlovetoseethefinaleofthetwenty-firstcenturyversionofOntheWaterfrontinwhichthehonestbuthairyherowilldrumonhischestafter—literally—takingthewickedlaborleaderapart.OnceasupplyofnonhumanworkersbecomesavailableawholerangeoflowIQjobscouldbethankfullygivenupbymankindtoitsgreatmentalandphysicaladvantage.WhatismoreoneoftheproblemswhichhasannoyedsomanyfictionalUtopiaswouldbeavoided:TherewouldbenoneofthedegradinglysubhumanEpsilonsofHuxley’sBraveNewWorldtoactasapermanentreproachtosocietyforthereisaprofoundmoraldifferencebetweenbreedingsub-menandsuper-apesthoughtheendproductsaremuchthesame.Thefirstwouldintroduceaformofslaverybutthesecondwouldbeabiologicaltriumphwhichcouldbenefitbothmenandanimals.Notes:surrealistic超现实的primate灵长类动物gorilla大猩猩baboon狒狒chore杂活caretodosth.常用于否定句=willingtodooragreetodosth.愿意做某事trustAwithB把B托付给A.egregious通常指坏人或坏事异乎寻常的突出的Homesapiens人类finalen.结局Epsilons奴隶人名assorted各色各样的Utopia乌托邦理想主义Accordingtothetexttheapeshouldbeconsideredforcertainjobs
[A]MarketData [B]MarketProsperity [C]SecretofSuccess [D]QuestionstoAsk [E]UnderstandingYourMarket [F]MarketResearch Successfulsmallbusinessexpansionsandnewjobformationleadthewayincreatingnewmarketsinnovationsandjobsthatfueleconomicgrowthandprosperity. InrecognitionoftheimportanceofsmallbusinesstoastrongeconomytheU.S.SmallBusinessAdministrationSBAispleasedtohelpmeettheinformationneedsofexistingbusinessownersandaspiringentrepreneurs. 41.______ Yourbusinesswillnotsucceedjustbecauseyouwantittosucceed.Determiningifthereisamarketforyourproductsorservicesisthemostcriticalitemofplanning.Onceyoudecideonyourproductorserviceyoumustanalyzeyourmarket--aprocessinvolvinginterviewingcompetitorssuppliersandnewcustomers. Beforeyoubeginresearchingyourmarkethoweveryoushouldtakeabriefbutcloselookatyourproductorservicefromanobjectivestandpoint.Youshouldaskyourselfthefollowingquestions: --Isthisproductorserviceinconstantdemand --Howmanycompetitorsprovidethesameserviceorproduct --CanIcreateademandformyproductorservice --CanIcompeteeffectivelyinpricequalityanddelivery —CanIpricemyproductorservicetoassureaprofit Onceyouaresatisfiedthatthesepreliminaryquestionsareansweredmoveontoperformingyourresearch. 42.______. Itisextremelybeneficialtoinvestigateamarketbecausetheinformationgatheredcanincreaseyourprofitpotential.Specificallyit: --Indicatesalternativesalesapproachestoyourmarket. --Providesamoreaccuratebaseformakingprofitassumptions. --Aidsintheorganizationofmarketingactivities. --Assistsinthedevelopmentofcriticalshort/mid-termgoals. --Helpsestablishyourmarket’sprofitboundaries. Unfortunatelymanyentrepreneursfailtocompletethiscriticalsectionoftheirbusinessplan.Collectingresearchdatacanbefrustratingunlessyouhavedefinedyourgoalsandorganizedthecollectionandanalysisprocess.Topreventthisfromhappeningyoumustplanhowyouwillcollectsortandanalyzetheinformation.Maintainanotebookandfileinwhichtostoreorganizeandretrievedataasneeded. 43.______. Yourresearchshouldaskthesequestions.. --Whoareyourcustomers --Wherearetheylocated --Whataretheirneedsandresources --Isyourserviceorproductessentialintheiroperationspractivities —Canthecustomeraffordyourserviceorproduct —Wherecanyoucreateademandforyourserviceorproduct --Whatareaswithinyourmarketaredecliningorgrowing --Whatisthegeneraleconomyofyourserviceorproductarea 44.______. Knowingyourmarketrequiresanunderstandingnotonlyofyourproductbutalsoofyourcustomers’socioeconomiccharacteristics.Thisinformationwillserveasamapinlettingyouknowwhatisahead. Moremarketinformationcanbefoundin --Librarylistingsoftradeassociationsandjournals. --Regionalplanningorganizations’studiesongrowthtrends. --Banksrealtorsandinsurancecompanies. —Competitors. --Customersurveysinyourmarketarea. Onceyouhaveobtainedandanalyzedthisinformationitwillbecomethefoundationofyourbusinessplan.Researchinformationisimportantbecauseitsupportsthebasicassumptionsinyourfinancialprojection--yourreasonforgoingintobusiness. 45.______ Tobesuccessfulasmallbusinessownermustknowthemarket.Marketresearchissimplyanorderlyobjectivewayoflearningaboutpeople--thepeoplewhowillbuyfromyou. 43
Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportionsthreatensthepublicscientistsimmediatelygettoworktryingtolocatethesourceofafflictionandfindwaystocombat.Vaccinationisoneoftheeffectivewaystoprotectthe1populationofaregionorcountrywhichmaybe2graverisk.Theprocessofvaccinationallowsthepatient’sbodyto3immunitytothevirusordiseasesothatifitisencounteredonecanfightit4naturally.Toaccomplishthisasmallweakordead5ofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolledenvironment6hisbody’simmunesystemcanlearntofighttheinvader7.Information8howtopenetratethedisease’sdefensesis9toallelementsofthepatient’simmunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnaturallyinwhichgeneticinformationispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethat10thepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblemhisbodyiswellequippedandtrainedto11withithavingalreadydonesobefore. Therearehoweverdangers12intheprocess.13eventheweakenedversionofthediseasecontainedinthevaccineproves14muchforthebodytohandleresultingintheimmunesystem15andthereforethepatient’sdeath.Suchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccine16toeradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearly17thewholeNativeAmericanpopulationandkilledmassivenumbersofsettlers.181in10000peoplewhoreceivethevaccine19thesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddiesfromit.Consequentlytheprocesswhichistrulya20mayindeedhidesomehiddencurses. Notes:proportionspl.规模程度大小affliction疾病痛苦vaccinationn.接种疫苗eradicatev.根除消灭 7
Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportionsthreatensthepublicscientistsimmediatelygettoworktryingtolocatethesourceofafflictionandfindwaystocombat.Vaccinationisoneoftheeffectivewaystoprotectthe1populationofaregionorcountrywhichmaybe2graverisk.Theprocessofvaccinationallowsthepatient’sbodyto3immunitytothevirusordiseasesothatifitisencounteredonecanfightit4naturally.Toaccomplishthisasmallweakordead5ofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolledenvironment6hisbody’simmunesystemcanlearntofighttheinvader7.Information8howtopenetratethedisease’sdefensesis9toallelementsofthepatient’simmunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnaturallyinwhichgeneticinformationispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethat10thepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblemhisbodyiswellequippedandtrainedto11withithavingalreadydonesobefore. Therearehoweverdangers12intheprocess.13eventheweakenedversionofthediseasecontainedinthevaccineproves14muchforthebodytohandleresultingintheimmunesystem15andthereforethepatient’sdeath.Suchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccine16toeradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearly17thewholeNativeAmericanpopulationandkilledmassivenumbersofsettlers.181in10000peoplewhoreceivethevaccine19thesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddiesfromit.Consequentlytheprocesswhichistrulya20mayindeedhidesomehiddencurses. Notes:proportionspl.规模程度大小affliction疾病痛苦vaccinationn.接种疫苗eradicatev.根除消灭 17
Whenintheageofautomationmansearchesforaworkertodothetediousunpleasantjobsthataremoreorlessimpossibletomechanizehemayveryprofitablyconsidertheape.Ifwetackledtheproblemofbreedingforbrainswithasmuchenthusiasmaswedevotetobreedingdogsofsurrealisticshapeswecouldeventuallyproduceassortedmodelsofusefulprimatesranginginsizefromthegorilladowntothebabooneachadaptedtoaspecialkindofwork.Itisnotputtingtoomuchstrainontheimaginationtoassumethatgeneticistscouldproduceasuper-apewhichisabletounderstandsomescoresofwordsandcapableofbeingtrainedforsuchjobsaspickingfruitcleaningupthelitterinparksshiningshoescollectinggarbagedoinghouseholdchoresandevenbaby-sittingalthoughIhaveknownsomebabiesIwouldnotcaretotrustwithavaluableape.ApescoulddomanyjobssuchascleaningstreetsandthemorerepetitivetypesofagriculturalworkwithoutsupervisionthoughtheymightneedprotectionfromthoseegregiousspecimensofHomesapienswhothinkitamusingtoteaseorbullyanythingtheyconsiderlowerontheevolutionaryladder.Forothertaskssuchasdeliveringpapersandlaboringonthedocksourman-apewouldhavetoworkunderhumanoverseers;andincidentallyIwouldlovetoseethefinaleofthetwenty-firstcenturyversionofOntheWaterfrontinwhichthehonestbuthairyherowilldrumonhischestafter—literally—takingthewickedlaborleaderapart.OnceasupplyofnonhumanworkersbecomesavailableawholerangeoflowIQjobscouldbethankfullygivenupbymankindtoitsgreatmentalandphysicaladvantage.WhatismoreoneoftheproblemswhichhasannoyedsomanyfictionalUtopiaswouldbeavoided:TherewouldbenoneofthedegradinglysubhumanEpsilonsofHuxley’sBraveNewWorldtoactasapermanentreproachtosocietyforthereisaprofoundmoraldifferencebetweenbreedingsub-menandsuper-apesthoughtheendproductsaremuchthesame.Thefirstwouldintroduceaformofslaverybutthesecondwouldbeabiologicaltriumphwhichcouldbenefitbothmenandanimals.Notes:surrealistic超现实的primate灵长类动物gorilla大猩猩baboon狒狒chore杂活caretodosth.常用于否定句=willingtodooragreetodosth.愿意做某事trustAwithB把B托付给A.egregious通常指坏人或坏事异乎寻常的突出的Homesapiens人类finalen.结局Epsilons奴隶人名assorted各色各样的Utopia乌托邦理想主义Theauthorstatesthatasupplyofnon-humanworkersforlowIQjobswould
[A]MarketData [B]MarketProsperity [C]SecretofSuccess [D]QuestionstoAsk [E]UnderstandingYourMarket [F]MarketResearch Successfulsmallbusinessexpansionsandnewjobformationleadthewayincreatingnewmarketsinnovationsandjobsthatfueleconomicgrowthandprosperity. InrecognitionoftheimportanceofsmallbusinesstoastrongeconomytheU.S.SmallBusinessAdministrationSBAispleasedtohelpmeettheinformationneedsofexistingbusinessownersandaspiringentrepreneurs. 41.______ Yourbusinesswillnotsucceedjustbecauseyouwantittosucceed.Determiningifthereisamarketforyourproductsorservicesisthemostcriticalitemofplanning.Onceyoudecideonyourproductorserviceyoumustanalyzeyourmarket--aprocessinvolvinginterviewingcompetitorssuppliersandnewcustomers. Beforeyoubeginresearchingyourmarkethoweveryoushouldtakeabriefbutcloselookatyourproductorservicefromanobjectivestandpoint.Youshouldaskyourselfthefollowingquestions: --Isthisproductorserviceinconstantdemand --Howmanycompetitorsprovidethesameserviceorproduct --CanIcreateademandformyproductorservice --CanIcompeteeffectivelyinpricequalityanddelivery —CanIpricemyproductorservicetoassureaprofit Onceyouaresatisfiedthatthesepreliminaryquestionsareansweredmoveontoperformingyourresearch. 42.______. Itisextremelybeneficialtoinvestigateamarketbecausetheinformationgatheredcanincreaseyourprofitpotential.Specificallyit: --Indicatesalternativesalesapproachestoyourmarket. --Providesamoreaccuratebaseformakingprofitassumptions. --Aidsintheorganizationofmarketingactivities. --Assistsinthedevelopmentofcriticalshort/mid-termgoals. --Helpsestablishyourmarket’sprofitboundaries. Unfortunatelymanyentrepreneursfailtocompletethiscriticalsectionoftheirbusinessplan.Collectingresearchdatacanbefrustratingunlessyouhavedefinedyourgoalsandorganizedthecollectionandanalysisprocess.Topreventthisfromhappeningyoumustplanhowyouwillcollectsortandanalyzetheinformation.Maintainanotebookandfileinwhichtostoreorganizeandretrievedataasneeded. 43.______. Yourresearchshouldaskthesequestions.. --Whoareyourcustomers --Wherearetheylocated --Whataretheirneedsandresources --Isyourserviceorproductessentialintheiroperationspractivities —Canthecustomeraffordyourserviceorproduct —Wherecanyoucreateademandforyourserviceorproduct --Whatareaswithinyourmarketaredecliningorgrowing --Whatisthegeneraleconomyofyourserviceorproductarea 44.______. Knowingyourmarketrequiresanunderstandingnotonlyofyourproductbutalsoofyourcustomers’socioeconomiccharacteristics.Thisinformationwillserveasamapinlettingyouknowwhatisahead. Moremarketinformationcanbefoundin --Librarylistingsoftradeassociationsandjournals. --Regionalplanningorganizations’studiesongrowthtrends. --Banksrealtorsandinsurancecompanies. —Competitors. --Customersurveysinyourmarketarea. Onceyouhaveobtainedandanalyzedthisinformationitwillbecomethefoundationofyourbusinessplan.Researchinformationisimportantbecauseitsupportsthebasicassumptionsinyourfinancialprojection--yourreasonforgoingintobusiness. 45.______ Tobesuccessfulasmallbusinessownermustknowthemarket.Marketresearchissimplyanorderlyobjectivewayoflearningaboutpeople--thepeoplewhowillbuyfromyou. 41
Directions:YouhavetroublewithreadingandareinneedofsomeadvicefromProfessorWang.Writealettertohimto1givehimyourpersonalinformation2stateyourproblemsand3askforthetimeandplaceofapossibleinterviewwithhim.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.UseLiMinginstead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.
Educationisoneofthekeywordsofourtime.Amanwithoutaneducationmanyofusbelieveisanunfortunatevictimofunfortunatecircumstancesdeprivedofoneofthegreatesttwentieth-centuryopportunities.Convincedoftheimportanceofeducationmodernstatesinvestininstitutionsoflearningtogetbackinterestintheformofalargegroupofenlightenedyoungmenandwomenwhoarepotentialleaders.Educationwithitscyclesofinstructionsocarefullyworkedoutispunctuatedbytextbooks--thosepurchasablewellsofwisdom--whatwouldcivilizationbelikewithoutitsbenefitsSomuchiscertain:thatwewouldhavedoctorsandpreacherslawyersanddefendantsmarriagesandbirths;butourspiritualoutlookwouldbedifferent.Wewouldlaylessstressonfactsandfiguresandmoreonagoodmemoryonappliedpsychologyandonthecapacityofamantogetalongwithhisfellow-citizens.Ifoureducationalsystemwerefashionedafteritsbooklesspastwewouldhavethemostdemocraticformofcollegeimaginable.Amongthepeoplewhomweliketocallsavagesallknowledgeinheritedbytraditionissharedbyall;itistaughttoeverymemberofthetribesothatinthisrespecteverybodyisequallyequippedforlife.Itistheidealconditionoftheequalstartwhichonlyourmostprogressiveformsofmoderneducationtrytoreachagain.Inprimitiveculturestheobligationtoseekandtoreceivethetraditionalinstructionisbindingonall.Therearenoilliterates--ifthetermcanbeappliedtopeopleswithoutascript--whileourowncompulsoryschoolattendancebecamelawinGermanyin1642inFrancein1806andinEngland1976andisstillnon-existentinanumberofcivilizednations.Thisshowshowlongitwasbeforeweconsidereditnecessarytomakesurethatallourchildrencouldshareintheknowledgeaccumulatedbythehappyfewduringthepastcenturies.Educationinthewildernessisnotamatterofmonetarymeans.Allareentitledtoanequalstart.Thereisnoneofthehurrythatinoursocietyoftenhampersthefulldevelopmentofagrowingpersonality.Thereachildgrowsupundertheever-presentattentionofhisparents;thereforethejunglesandthesavagesknowofnojuveniledelinquency.Nonecessityofmakingalivingawayfromhomeresultsinneglectofchildrenandnofatherisconfrontedwithhisinabilitytobuyaneducationforhischild.Notes:juveniledelinquency青少年犯罪Thebesttitleforthistextis
Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportionsthreatensthepublicscientistsimmediatelygettoworktryingtolocatethesourceofafflictionandfindwaystocombat.Vaccinationisoneoftheeffectivewaystoprotectthe1populationofaregionorcountrywhichmaybe2graverisk.Theprocessofvaccinationallowsthepatient’sbodyto3immunitytothevirusordiseasesothatifitisencounteredonecanfightit4naturally.Toaccomplishthisasmallweakordead5ofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolledenvironment6hisbody’simmunesystemcanlearntofighttheinvader7.Information8howtopenetratethedisease’sdefensesis9toallelementsofthepatient’simmunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnaturallyinwhichgeneticinformationispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethat10thepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblemhisbodyiswellequippedandtrainedto11withithavingalreadydonesobefore. Therearehoweverdangers12intheprocess.13eventheweakenedversionofthediseasecontainedinthevaccineproves14muchforthebodytohandleresultingintheimmunesystem15andthereforethepatient’sdeath.Suchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccine16toeradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearly17thewholeNativeAmericanpopulationandkilledmassivenumbersofsettlers.181in10000peoplewhoreceivethevaccine19thesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddiesfromit.Consequentlytheprocesswhichistrulya20mayindeedhidesomehiddencurses. Notes:proportionspl.规模程度大小affliction疾病痛苦vaccinationn.接种疫苗eradicatev.根除消灭 15
Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportionsthreatensthepublicscientistsimmediatelygettoworktryingtolocatethesourceofafflictionandfindwaystocombat.Vaccinationisoneoftheeffectivewaystoprotectthe1populationofaregionorcountrywhichmaybe2graverisk.Theprocessofvaccinationallowsthepatient’sbodyto3immunitytothevirusordiseasesothatifitisencounteredonecanfightit4naturally.Toaccomplishthisasmallweakordead5ofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolledenvironment6hisbody’simmunesystemcanlearntofighttheinvader7.Information8howtopenetratethedisease’sdefensesis9toallelementsofthepatient’simmunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnaturallyinwhichgeneticinformationispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethat10thepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblemhisbodyiswellequippedandtrainedto11withithavingalreadydonesobefore. Therearehoweverdangers12intheprocess.13eventheweakenedversionofthediseasecontainedinthevaccineproves14muchforthebodytohandleresultingintheimmunesystem15andthereforethepatient’sdeath.Suchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccine16toeradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearly17thewholeNativeAmericanpopulationandkilledmassivenumbersofsettlers.181in10000peoplewhoreceivethevaccine19thesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddiesfromit.Consequentlytheprocesswhichistrulya20mayindeedhidesomehiddencurses. Notes:proportionspl.规模程度大小affliction疾病痛苦vaccinationn.接种疫苗eradicatev.根除消灭 9
Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportionsthreatensthepublicscientistsimmediatelygettoworktryingtolocatethesourceofafflictionandfindwaystocombat.Vaccinationisoneoftheeffectivewaystoprotectthe1populationofaregionorcountrywhichmaybe2graverisk.Theprocessofvaccinationallowsthepatient’sbodyto3immunitytothevirusordiseasesothatifitisencounteredonecanfightit4naturally.Toaccomplishthisasmallweakordead5ofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolledenvironment6hisbody’simmunesystemcanlearntofighttheinvader7.Information8howtopenetratethedisease’sdefensesis9toallelementsofthepatient’simmunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnaturallyinwhichgeneticinformationispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethat10thepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblemhisbodyiswellequippedandtrainedto11withithavingalreadydonesobefore. Therearehoweverdangers12intheprocess.13eventheweakenedversionofthediseasecontainedinthevaccineproves14muchforthebodytohandleresultingintheimmunesystem15andthereforethepatient’sdeath.Suchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccine16toeradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearly17thewholeNativeAmericanpopulationandkilledmassivenumbersofsettlers.181in10000peoplewhoreceivethevaccine19thesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddiesfromit.Consequentlytheprocesswhichistrulya20mayindeedhidesomehiddencurses. Notes:proportionspl.规模程度大小affliction疾病痛苦vaccinationn.接种疫苗eradicatev.根除消灭 1
Manfirstappearedontheearthabout2millionyearsago.Thenhewaslittlemorethanananimal;butearlymanhadabigadvantageovertheanimals.Hehadinhisbrainspecialgroupsofnervecellsnotpresentinanimalsthatenabledhimtoinventalanguageanduseittocommunicatewithhisfellowmen.46Thisabilitytospeakwasofgreatvaluebecauseitallowedmentoshareideasandtoplantogethersothattasksimpossibleforasinglepersoncouldbesuccessfullyundertakenbyintelligentteam-work.Speechalsoenabledideastobepassedonfromgenerationtogenerationsothatthestockofhumanknowledgeslowlyincreased. Itwasthisspecialabilitythatputmenfaraheadofotherlivingcreaturesinthestruggleforexistence.47Hemastereddarknessfirstwithdimlightsandlaterwithbrighterandbrighterlampsuntilhecannowmakeforhimselfsodazzlingalightwithanarelampthatlikethesunitistoostrongforhisnakedeyes. 48Manfoundthathisownmusclesweretooweakfortheworkwhichhewantedtodo;heexploredmanyotherformsofpoweruntilnowhehashishandsontheultimatesourceofphysicalenergythenuclearpower.Fromman’searliestdaystheflightofbirdshasraisedhiswonderanddesire.WhyshouldhenotflyastheydidThenhebegantoexperiment.Atlasthelearnthowtomaketherightmachinestocarryhimthroughtheair.Nowhecanflyfasterthansound.Alreadyhehasplansforconqueringspaceandaseriesofexperimentshasbeencompleted.49Itwillnotbelongnowbeforemantakesagiantstepawayfromhisplanetandvisitsthemoonlearningwhatitisliketohavenoweighttohisbodynoupwarddirectionandnodownward. Manalwaysawandererhastoovercomethedifficultyofadaptinghimselftodifferentclimates.50Fortunatelyinspiteofhavingno.thickskinorwarmfurtoprotecthimheispeculiarlystrongcomparedwithotherlivingcreaturesmostofwhomareunabletolivefaroutsidetheregionthatsuitsthembest. 47
IncreasinglyhistoriansareblamingdiseasesimportedfromtheOldWorldforthegreatdisparitybetweenthenativepopulationofAmericain1492--newestimatesofwhichjumpashighas100millionorapproximatelyone-sixthofthehumanraceatthattime--andthefewmillionfull-bloodedNativeAmericansaliveattheendofthenineteenthcentury.Thereisnodoubtthatchronicdiseasewasanimportantfactorinthesharpdeclineanditishighlyprobablethatthegreatestkillerwasepidemicdiseaseespeciallyasmanifestedinvirgin-soilepidemics.Virgin-soilepidemicsarethoseinwhichthepopulationsatriskhavehadnopreviouscontactwiththediseasesthatstrikethemandarethereforeimmunologicallyalmostdefenseless.Thatvirgin-soilepidemicswereimportantinAmericanhistoryisstronglyindicatedbyevidencethatanumberofdangerousmaladies--smallpoxmeaslesmalariayellowfeverandundoubtedlyseveralmore--wereunknowninthepre-ColumbianNewWorld.TheeffectsoftheirsuddenintroductionaredemonstratedintheearlychroniclesofAmericawhichcontainreportsofhorribleepidemicsandsteeppopulationdeclinesconfirmedinmanycasesbyquantitativeanalyzesofSpanishtributerecordsandothersources.TheevidenceprovidedbythedocumentsofBritishandFrenchcoloniesisnotasdefinitivebecausetheconquerorsofthoseareasdidnotestablishpermanentsettlementsandbegantokeepcontinuousrecordsuntiltheseventeenthcenturybywhichtimetheworstepidemicshadprobablyalreadytakenplace.FurthermoretheBritishtendedtodrivethenativepopulationsawayratherthantoenslavethemastheSpaniardsdid;sothattheepidemicsofBritishAmericaoccurredbeyondtherangeofcolonists’directobservation.EvensothesurvivingrecordsofNorthAmericadocontainreferencestodeadlyepidemicsamongthenativepopulation.In1616--1619anepidemicpossiblyofpneumonicplaguesweptcoastalNewEnglandkillingasmanyasnineoutoften.Duringthe1630’ssmallpoxthediseasemostfataltotheNativeAmericanpeopleeliminatedhalfthepopulationoftheHuronandIroquoisconfederations.Inthe1820’sfeverruinedthepeopleoftheColumbiaRiverareakillingeightoutoftenofthem.UnfortunatelythedocumentationoftheseandotherepidemicsisslightandfrequentlyunreliableanditisnecessarytosupplementwhatlittlewedeknowwithevidencefromrecentepidemicsamongNativeAmericans.Forexamplein1952anoutbreakofmeaslesamongtheNativeAmericaninhabitantsofUngavaBayQuebecaffected99percentofthepopulationandkilled7percenteventhoughsomehadthebenefitofmodernmedicine.Casessuchasthisdemonstratethatevendiseasesthatarenotnormallyfatalcanhavedestroyingconsequenceswhentheystrikeanimmunologicallydefenselesscommunity.Notes:disparity差距virgin-soil处女地malady疾病chronicle编年史tribute贡品pneumonicplague肺鼠疫confederation同盟smallpox天花measles麻疹WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetextconcerningSpanishtributerecords
Whenintheageofautomationmansearchesforaworkertodothetediousunpleasantjobsthataremoreorlessimpossibletomechanizehemayveryprofitablyconsidertheape.Ifwetackledtheproblemofbreedingforbrainswithasmuchenthusiasmaswedevotetobreedingdogsofsurrealisticshapeswecouldeventuallyproduceassortedmodelsofusefulprimatesranginginsizefromthegorilladowntothebabooneachadaptedtoaspecialkindofwork.Itisnotputtingtoomuchstrainontheimaginationtoassumethatgeneticistscouldproduceasuper-apewhichisabletounderstandsomescoresofwordsandcapableofbeingtrainedforsuchjobsaspickingfruitcleaningupthelitterinparksshiningshoescollectinggarbagedoinghouseholdchoresandevenbaby-sittingalthoughIhaveknownsomebabiesIwouldnotcaretotrustwithavaluableape.ApescoulddomanyjobssuchascleaningstreetsandthemorerepetitivetypesofagriculturalworkwithoutsupervisionthoughtheymightneedprotectionfromthoseegregiousspecimensofHomesapienswhothinkitamusingtoteaseorbullyanythingtheyconsiderlowerontheevolutionaryladder.Forothertaskssuchasdeliveringpapersandlaboringonthedocksourman-apewouldhavetoworkunderhumanoverseers;andincidentallyIwouldlovetoseethefinaleofthetwenty-firstcenturyversionofOntheWaterfrontinwhichthehonestbuthairyherowilldrumonhischestafter—literally—takingthewickedlaborleaderapart.OnceasupplyofnonhumanworkersbecomesavailableawholerangeoflowIQjobscouldbethankfullygivenupbymankindtoitsgreatmentalandphysicaladvantage.WhatismoreoneoftheproblemswhichhasannoyedsomanyfictionalUtopiaswouldbeavoided:TherewouldbenoneofthedegradinglysubhumanEpsilonsofHuxley’sBraveNewWorldtoactasapermanentreproachtosocietyforthereisaprofoundmoraldifferencebetweenbreedingsub-menandsuper-apesthoughtheendproductsaremuchthesame.Thefirstwouldintroduceaformofslaverybutthesecondwouldbeabiologicaltriumphwhichcouldbenefitbothmenandanimals.Notes:surrealistic超现实的primate灵长类动物gorilla大猩猩baboon狒狒chore杂活caretodosth.常用于否定句=willingtodooragreetodosth.愿意做某事trustAwithB把B托付给A.egregious通常指坏人或坏事异乎寻常的突出的Homesapiens人类finalen.结局Epsilons奴隶人名assorted各色各样的Utopia乌托邦理想主义Theauthorofthisarticleis
Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportionsthreatensthepublicscientistsimmediatelygettoworktryingtolocatethesourceofafflictionandfindwaystocombat.Vaccinationisoneoftheeffectivewaystoprotectthe1populationofaregionorcountrywhichmaybe2graverisk.Theprocessofvaccinationallowsthepatient’sbodyto3immunitytothevirusordiseasesothatifitisencounteredonecanfightit4naturally.Toaccomplishthisasmallweakordead5ofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolledenvironment6hisbody’simmunesystemcanlearntofighttheinvader7.Information8howtopenetratethedisease’sdefensesis9toallelementsofthepatient’simmunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnaturallyinwhichgeneticinformationispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethat10thepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblemhisbodyiswellequippedandtrainedto11withithavingalreadydonesobefore. Therearehoweverdangers12intheprocess.13eventheweakenedversionofthediseasecontainedinthevaccineproves14muchforthebodytohandleresultingintheimmunesystem15andthereforethepatient’sdeath.Suchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccine16toeradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearly17thewholeNativeAmericanpopulationandkilledmassivenumbersofsettlers.181in10000peoplewhoreceivethevaccine19thesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddiesfromit.Consequentlytheprocesswhichistrulya20mayindeedhidesomehiddencurses. Notes:proportionspl.规模程度大小affliction疾病痛苦vaccinationn.接种疫苗eradicatev.根除消灭 19
Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportionsthreatensthepublicscientistsimmediatelygettoworktryingtolocatethesourceofafflictionandfindwaystocombat.Vaccinationisoneoftheeffectivewaystoprotectthe1populationofaregionorcountrywhichmaybe2graverisk.Theprocessofvaccinationallowsthepatient’sbodyto3immunitytothevirusordiseasesothatifitisencounteredonecanfightit4naturally.Toaccomplishthisasmallweakordead5ofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolledenvironment6hisbody’simmunesystemcanlearntofighttheinvader7.Information8howtopenetratethedisease’sdefensesis9toallelementsofthepatient’simmunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnaturallyinwhichgeneticinformationispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethat10thepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblemhisbodyiswellequippedandtrainedto11withithavingalreadydonesobefore. Therearehoweverdangers12intheprocess.13eventheweakenedversionofthediseasecontainedinthevaccineproves14muchforthebodytohandleresultingintheimmunesystem15andthereforethepatient’sdeath.Suchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccine16toeradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearly17thewholeNativeAmericanpopulationandkilledmassivenumbersofsettlers.181in10000peoplewhoreceivethevaccine19thesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddiesfromit.Consequentlytheprocesswhichistrulya20mayindeedhidesomehiddencurses. Notes:proportionspl.规模程度大小affliction疾病痛苦vaccinationn.接种疫苗eradicatev.根除消灭 5
Manfirstappearedontheearthabout2millionyearsago.Thenhewaslittlemorethanananimal;butearlymanhadabigadvantageovertheanimals.Hehadinhisbrainspecialgroupsofnervecellsnotpresentinanimalsthatenabledhimtoinventalanguageanduseittocommunicatewithhisfellowmen.46Thisabilitytospeakwasofgreatvaluebecauseitallowedmentoshareideasandtoplantogethersothattasksimpossibleforasinglepersoncouldbesuccessfullyundertakenbyintelligentteam-work.Speechalsoenabledideastobepassedonfromgenerationtogenerationsothatthestockofhumanknowledgeslowlyincreased. Itwasthisspecialabilitythatputmenfaraheadofotherlivingcreaturesinthestruggleforexistence.47Hemastereddarknessfirstwithdimlightsandlaterwithbrighterandbrighterlampsuntilhecannowmakeforhimselfsodazzlingalightwithanarelampthatlikethesunitistoostrongforhisnakedeyes. 48Manfoundthathisownmusclesweretooweakfortheworkwhichhewantedtodo;heexploredmanyotherformsofpoweruntilnowhehashishandsontheultimatesourceofphysicalenergythenuclearpower.Fromman’searliestdaystheflightofbirdshasraisedhiswonderanddesire.WhyshouldhenotflyastheydidThenhebegantoexperiment.Atlasthelearnthowtomaketherightmachinestocarryhimthroughtheair.Nowhecanflyfasterthansound.Alreadyhehasplansforconqueringspaceandaseriesofexperimentshasbeencompleted.49Itwillnotbelongnowbeforemantakesagiantstepawayfromhisplanetandvisitsthemoonlearningwhatitisliketohavenoweighttohisbodynoupwarddirectionandnodownward. Manalwaysawandererhastoovercomethedifficultyofadaptinghimselftodifferentclimates.50Fortunatelyinspiteofhavingno.thickskinorwarmfurtoprotecthimheispeculiarlystrongcomparedwithotherlivingcreaturesmostofwhomareunabletolivefaroutsidetheregionthatsuitsthembest. 49
Timespentinabookshopcanbemostenjoyablewhetheryouareabook-loverormerelytheretobuyabookasapresent.Youmayevenhaveenteredtheshopjusttofindshelterfromasuddenshower.Butthedesiretopickupabookwithanattractivedust-jacketisirresistible.Yousoonbecomeabsorbedinsomebookorotherandusuallyitisonlymuchlaterthatyourealizethatyouhavespentfartoomuchtimethere.ThisopportunitytoescapetherealitiesofeverydaylifeisIthinkthemainattractionofabookshop.Therearenotmanyplaceswhereitispossibletodothis.Amusicshopisverymuchlikeabookshop.Youcanwanderroundsuchplacestoyourheart’scontent.Ifitisagoodshopnoassistantwillapproachyouwiththeinevitablegreeting:CanIhelpyousirYouneedn’tbuyanythingyoudon’twant.Inabookshopanassistantshouldremaininthebackgrounduntilyouhavefinishedbrowsing.Thenandonlythenarehisservicesnecessary.Youhavetobecarefulnottobeattractedbythevarietyofbooksinabookshop.Itisveryeasytoentertheshoplookingforabookonsayancientcoinsandtocomeoutcarryingacopyofthelatestbest-sellingnovelandperhapsabookaboutbrass-rubbing-somethingwhichhadonlyvaguelyinterestedyouuptillthen.Thisvolumeonthesubjecthoweverhappenedtobesowellillustratedandthepartofthetextyoureadprovedsointerestingthatyoujusthadtobuyit.Thissortofthingcanbeverydangerous.Booksellersmustbebothlongsufferingandindulgent.Thereisastorywhichwellillustratesthis.Amedicalstudenthadtoreadatextbookwhichwasfartooexpensiveforhimtobuy.Hecouldn’tobtainitfromthelibraryandtheonlycopyhecouldfindwasinhisbookshop.Everyafternoonthereforehewouldgoalongtotheshopandreadalittleofthebookatatime.Onedayhoweverhewasdismayedtofindthebookmissingfromitsusualplaceandabouttoleavewhenhenoticedtheowneroftheshopbeckoningtohim.Expectingtobereproachedhewenttowardhim.Tohissurprisetheownerpointedtothebookwhichwastuckedawayinacorner.Iputitthereincaseanyonewastemptedtobuyithesaidandleftthedelightedstudenttocontinuehisreading.Notes:toone’sheart’scontent尽情地beckonv.打招呼Theauthorimpliesthatitisveryeasytoenterabookshopandbuy
[A]MarketData [B]MarketProsperity [C]SecretofSuccess [D]QuestionstoAsk [E]UnderstandingYourMarket [F]MarketResearch Successfulsmallbusinessexpansionsandnewjobformationleadthewayincreatingnewmarketsinnovationsandjobsthatfueleconomicgrowthandprosperity. InrecognitionoftheimportanceofsmallbusinesstoastrongeconomytheU.S.SmallBusinessAdministrationSBAispleasedtohelpmeettheinformationneedsofexistingbusinessownersandaspiringentrepreneurs. 41.______ Yourbusinesswillnotsucceedjustbecauseyouwantittosucceed.Determiningifthereisamarketforyourproductsorservicesisthemostcriticalitemofplanning.Onceyoudecideonyourproductorserviceyoumustanalyzeyourmarket--aprocessinvolvinginterviewingcompetitorssuppliersandnewcustomers. Beforeyoubeginresearchingyourmarkethoweveryoushouldtakeabriefbutcloselookatyourproductorservicefromanobjectivestandpoint.Youshouldaskyourselfthefollowingquestions: --Isthisproductorserviceinconstantdemand --Howmanycompetitorsprovidethesameserviceorproduct --CanIcreateademandformyproductorservice --CanIcompeteeffectivelyinpricequalityanddelivery —CanIpricemyproductorservicetoassureaprofit Onceyouaresatisfiedthatthesepreliminaryquestionsareansweredmoveontoperformingyourresearch. 42.______. Itisextremelybeneficialtoinvestigateamarketbecausetheinformationgatheredcanincreaseyourprofitpotential.Specificallyit: --Indicatesalternativesalesapproachestoyourmarket. --Providesamoreaccuratebaseformakingprofitassumptions. --Aidsintheorganizationofmarketingactivities. --Assistsinthedevelopmentofcriticalshort/mid-termgoals. --Helpsestablishyourmarket’sprofitboundaries. Unfortunatelymanyentrepreneursfailtocompletethiscriticalsectionoftheirbusinessplan.Collectingresearchdatacanbefrustratingunlessyouhavedefinedyourgoalsandorganizedthecollectionandanalysisprocess.Topreventthisfromhappeningyoumustplanhowyouwillcollectsortandanalyzetheinformation.Maintainanotebookandfileinwhichtostoreorganizeandretrievedataasneeded. 43.______. Yourresearchshouldaskthesequestions.. --Whoareyourcustomers --Wherearetheylocated --Whataretheirneedsandresources --Isyourserviceorproductessentialintheiroperationspractivities —Canthecustomeraffordyourserviceorproduct —Wherecanyoucreateademandforyourserviceorproduct --Whatareaswithinyourmarketaredecliningorgrowing --Whatisthegeneraleconomyofyourserviceorproductarea 44.______. Knowingyourmarketrequiresanunderstandingnotonlyofyourproductbutalsoofyourcustomers’socioeconomiccharacteristics.Thisinformationwillserveasamapinlettingyouknowwhatisahead. Moremarketinformationcanbefoundin --Librarylistingsoftradeassociationsandjournals. --Regionalplanningorganizations’studiesongrowthtrends. --Banksrealtorsandinsurancecompanies. —Competitors. --Customersurveysinyourmarketarea. Onceyouhaveobtainedandanalyzedthisinformationitwillbecomethefoundationofyourbusinessplan.Researchinformationisimportantbecauseitsupportsthebasicassumptionsinyourfinancialprojection--yourreasonforgoingintobusiness. 45.______ Tobesuccessfulasmallbusinessownermustknowthemarket.Marketresearchissimplyanorderlyobjectivewayoflearningaboutpeople--thepeoplewhowillbuyfromyou. 45
Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportionsthreatensthepublicscientistsimmediatelygettoworktryingtolocatethesourceofafflictionandfindwaystocombat.Vaccinationisoneoftheeffectivewaystoprotectthe1populationofaregionorcountrywhichmaybe2graverisk.Theprocessofvaccinationallowsthepatient’sbodyto3immunitytothevirusordiseasesothatifitisencounteredonecanfightit4naturally.Toaccomplishthisasmallweakordead5ofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolledenvironment6hisbody’simmunesystemcanlearntofighttheinvader7.Information8howtopenetratethedisease’sdefensesis9toallelementsofthepatient’simmunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnaturallyinwhichgeneticinformationispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethat10thepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblemhisbodyiswellequippedandtrainedto11withithavingalreadydonesobefore. Therearehoweverdangers12intheprocess.13eventheweakenedversionofthediseasecontainedinthevaccineproves14muchforthebodytohandleresultingintheimmunesystem15andthereforethepatient’sdeath.Suchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccine16toeradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearly17thewholeNativeAmericanpopulationandkilledmassivenumbersofsettlers.181in10000peoplewhoreceivethevaccine19thesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddiesfromit.Consequentlytheprocesswhichistrulya20mayindeedhidesomehiddencurses. Notes:proportionspl.规模程度大小affliction疾病痛苦vaccinationn.接种疫苗eradicatev.根除消灭 3
Timespentinabookshopcanbemostenjoyablewhetheryouareabook-loverormerelytheretobuyabookasapresent.Youmayevenhaveenteredtheshopjusttofindshelterfromasuddenshower.Butthedesiretopickupabookwithanattractivedust-jacketisirresistible.Yousoonbecomeabsorbedinsomebookorotherandusuallyitisonlymuchlaterthatyourealizethatyouhavespentfartoomuchtimethere.ThisopportunitytoescapetherealitiesofeverydaylifeisIthinkthemainattractionofabookshop.Therearenotmanyplaceswhereitispossibletodothis.Amusicshopisverymuchlikeabookshop.Youcanwanderroundsuchplacestoyourheart’scontent.Ifitisagoodshopnoassistantwillapproachyouwiththeinevitablegreeting:CanIhelpyousirYouneedn’tbuyanythingyoudon’twant.Inabookshopanassistantshouldremaininthebackgrounduntilyouhavefinishedbrowsing.Thenandonlythenarehisservicesnecessary.Youhavetobecarefulnottobeattractedbythevarietyofbooksinabookshop.Itisveryeasytoentertheshoplookingforabookonsayancientcoinsandtocomeoutcarryingacopyofthelatestbest-sellingnovelandperhapsabookaboutbrass-rubbing-somethingwhichhadonlyvaguelyinterestedyouuptillthen.Thisvolumeonthesubjecthoweverhappenedtobesowellillustratedandthepartofthetextyoureadprovedsointerestingthatyoujusthadtobuyit.Thissortofthingcanbeverydangerous.Booksellersmustbebothlongsufferingandindulgent.Thereisastorywhichwellillustratesthis.Amedicalstudenthadtoreadatextbookwhichwasfartooexpensiveforhimtobuy.Hecouldn’tobtainitfromthelibraryandtheonlycopyhecouldfindwasinhisbookshop.Everyafternoonthereforehewouldgoalongtotheshopandreadalittleofthebookatatime.Onedayhoweverhewasdismayedtofindthebookmissingfromitsusualplaceandabouttoleavewhenhenoticedtheowneroftheshopbeckoningtohim.Expectingtobereproachedhewenttowardhim.Tohissurprisetheownerpointedtothebookwhichwastuckedawayinacorner.Iputitthereincaseanyonewastemptedtobuyithesaidandleftthedelightedstudenttocontinuehisreading.Notes:toone’sheart’scontent尽情地beckonv.打招呼Accordingtothetextinagoodbookshop
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