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试述辽朝政治制度的特点。
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周朝政治制度的特点是
宗法制
分封制
B都是
B都不是
试述清朝前后期政治制度呈现哪些性质不同的特点
中国古代早期政治制度的特点是
以王位世袭制为核心的政治制度体系
以禅让制为核心的政治制度体系
以分封制为核心的政治制度体系
以宗法制为核心的政治制度体系
阅读下列材料材料一契丹人引马图材料二契丹旧俗事简职专官制朴实至于太宗兼制中国指得幽云十六州后统治区域
秦王朝政治制度的基本特征是
权力的高度集中
以血缘为核心
具有浓厚的部族色彩
垄断神权
历史价值观的感悟——中西政治制度比较学完古代历史同学们对中西政治制度进行了更深入的探究并展开如下讨论
从时期开始地方政治制度进入划省而治的阶段
宋朝
辽朝
金朝
元朝
辽和西复政治制度的特点有①吸收中原先进的政治制度②对汉民族与非汉民族实行不同统治制度③排斥汉族地主阶
①②③④
①②
③④
②③④
两汉政治制度与秦朝政治制度的关系是
推陈出新
继承发展
一脉相承
截然不同
唐朝政论家柳宗元在评论秦朝政治制度的特点时指出公天下之端自秦始这里对公的理解最准确的是
建立了“三公九卿制和郡县制”
改世禄世卿制为选贤任能制
制定了尊君抑臣的朝仪和文书制度
首创自下而上的人才荐举制度
嬴政时天下之事无大小皆决于上这突出体现了秦朝政治制度的特点是
权力高度集中
浓厚的部族色彩
秦始皇非常勤政
严格的等级制
秦朝政治制度是
宗法制
井田制
攻击制
郡县制
试述人民代表大会制度是我国根本的政治制度
下列关于新罗对唐朝政治文化的学习接受论述有误的一项是
采用均田制
采用唐朝历法
仿效唐朝政治制度改建行政组织
采纳科举制
明朝政治制度的特点
国家权力高度集中于皇帝之手
皇帝与各具体执行部门之间，废除宰相制度
皇帝以下，行政、军事、监察三个机关分别独立，互不统属，相互制约
压低宦官的品级
试述资本主义的政治制度及其本质
试述金朝与辽朝政治制度的特点
契丹建国后曾采取蕃汉分治的政治制度主要是因为
契丹与汉族的民族矛盾尖锐
辽境内政治经济发展不平衡
皇帝与汉族官僚谋求妥协
中原先进政治制度的吸引
试述中华民国政治制度的形成和特点
试述人民代表大会制度是适合中国国情的根本政治制度
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下列行为中构成包庇罪的有
行为人以强奸为手段强迫妇女卖淫的行为应以论处
孙某盗窃了价值数万元的贵重钻石项链并送给他的女朋友蓝某当作定情礼物后来公安机关来追查蓝某知道了项链是盗窃来的但是她未予揭发而是暗地里将项链转移到乡下的亲戚家蓝某的行为已经构成了
张某系个体商贩某日曾与其一起服过刑的钱某找到他拿出3万元现金让张某为其保管当张某问是什么钱时钱某做了一个偷的手势让其不要多问半个月后钱某取走2万元数日后交给张某一个塑料纸包说是白面毒品找到买主就取走后来钱某被公安机关查获按其交代公安人员从张某处起获毒品和剩余的1万元张某的行为触犯
Directions: YouaregoingtoreadatextaboutTheBigMeltfollowedbyalistofexamples.ChoosethebestexamplefromthelistA--Fforeachnumberedsubheading41--45.Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.S aygoodbyetotheworld’stropicalglaciersandicecaps.Manywillvanishwithin20years.WhenLonnieThompsonvisitedPeru’sQuelccayaicecapin1977hecouldn’thelpnoticingaschool-bus-sizeboulderthatwasupendedbyicepushingagainstit.Thompsonreturnedtothesamespotlastyearandtheboulderwasstilltherebutitwaslyingonitsside.Theicethatoncesupportedthemassiverockhadretreatedfarintothedistanceleavingbehindagiantlakeasitmeltedaway. FoeThompsonageologistwithOhioStateUniversity’sByrdPolarResearchCentertherolled-backrockwasanobvioussignofclimatechangeintheAndesMountains."Observingthatover25yearspersonallyreallybringsithome"hesays."Yourdon’thavetobeabelieveringlobalwarmingtoseewhat’shappening." 41.Thawedicecapsinthetropics. Quelccayaisthelargesticecapinthetropicsbutitisn’ttheonlyonethatismeltingaccordingtodecadesofresearchbyThompson’steam.NOtropicalglaciersarecurrentlyknowntobeadvancingandThompsonpredictsthatmanymountaintopswillbecompletelymeltedwithinthenext20years. 42.Situationinareasotherthanthetropics. Thephenomenonisn’tconfinedtothetropics.GlaciersinEuropeRussianewZealandtheUnitedStatesandelsewherearealsomelting. 43.Theworseningeffectsofglobalwarming. Formanyscientiststhewidespreadmelt-downisaclearsignthathumansareaffectingglottalclimateprimarilybyraisingthelevelsofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesintheatmosphere. 44.Recedingicecaps. That’snottosaythatglacierscurrentlyfoundoneverycontinentexceptAustraliahaven’tmeltedinthepastasaresultofnaturalvariability.Theseriversoficeexistinadelicatebalancebetweeninputsaccumulatingsnowandiceandoutputsmeltingand"calving"oflargechunksofice.Overtimethebalancecantiltineitherdirectioncausingglacierstoadvanceorretreat.What’sdifferentnowisthespeedatwhichthescaleshavetipped."We’vebeensurprisedathowrapidtherateofretreathasbeen"saysThompson.HisteambeganmappingoneofthemainglaciersflowingoutoftheQuelccayaicecapin1978usingsatelliteimagesandgroundsurveys. 45.Thinningicecores. Andits’notjustthemarginoftheicecapthatismelting.AtQaelccayaandMountKilimanjarotheresearchershavefoundthattheicefieldsarethinningaswell.BesidesmappingicecapsandglaciersThompsonandhiscolleagueshavetakencoresamplesfromQueleeayasince1976whentheiceatthedrillinglocationwas154metersthick. ThompsonandhiscolleagueshavealsodrilledicecoresfromotherlocationsinSouthAmericaAfricaandChina.Trappedwithineachofthesecoresisaclimaterecordspanningmorethan8000years.Itshowsthatthepast50yearsarethewarmestinhistory. The4-inch-thickicecoresarenowstoredinfreezersatOhioState.OnthefuturesaysThompsonthatmaybetheonlyplacetoseewhat’sleftoftheglaciersofAfricaandPeru. [A]ThelatestreportfromtheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangepreparedbyhundredsofscientistsandapprovedbygovernmentdelegatesfrommorethan100nationsstates:"Thereisnewandstrongerevidencethatmostofthewarmingobservedoverthelast50yearsisattributabletohumanactivities."ThereportreleasedinJanuarysaysthattheplanet’saveragesurfacetemperatureincreasedbyabout0.6℃duringthe20thcenturyandisprojectedtoincreaseanother1.4℃to5.8℃by2100.Thatrateofwarmingis"with-outprecedentduringatleastthelast10000years"saystheIPCC. [B]Alaska’smassiveBeringandColumbiaGlacierslocatedinnontropicalregionsforexamplehaverecededbymorethan10kilometersduringthepastcentury.AndastudybygeologistsattheUniversityofColoradoatBoulderpredictsthatGlacierNationalParkinMontanaundertheinfluenceofmeltingwillloseallofitsglaciersby2070. [C]Forexampleabout97percentoftheplanet’swaterisseawater.Another2percentislockedinicecapsandglaciers.Therearealsoreservesoffreshwaterundertheearth’ssurfacebutthesearetoodeepforustouseeconomically. [D]ForexampleAfrica’sMountKilimanjarointropicalareashaslost82percentofitsicefieldsinceitwasfirstmappedin1912.ThatyearKilimanjarohad12.1squarekilometersofice.Bylastyeartheicecoveredonly2.2squarekilometers.AtthecurrentrateofmeltingthesnowsofKilimanjarothatErnestHemingwaywroteaboutwillbegonewithin15yearsThompsonestimates."Butitprobablywillhappensoonerbecausetherateisspeedingup." [E]"Ifullyexpecttobeabletoreturnthereinadozenyearsorsoandseethemarksontherockwhereourdrillbitpunchedthroughtheice"saysThompson.Ifthathappensitwillmeanthatalayeroficemorethan500feetthickhasvanishedintothinair. [F]TheglacierQoriKaliswasthenretreatingby4.9metersperyear.EverytimethescientistsreturnedQoriKaliswasmeltingfaster.Between1998and2000itwasretreatingatarateof155metersperyearsmorethanafootperday32timesfasterthanin1978."Youcanalmostsitthereandwatchitmove"saysThompson. 41
下列犯罪中属于妨害司法罪的有
关于走私贩卖运输制造毒品罪下列说法正确的是
Directions: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.A llU.S.nuclearweaponsproductionfacilitiesarepresentlycloseddownandifthevariousagreementsareadheredtothosefacilitieswillneverberequiredexceptforonecriticalcapability.Allmodernnuclearweaponsuseuranium铀plutonium钚andtritium氚.Uraniumandplutoniumhaveverylonghalf-livesandthereislargesurplusofthesematerials. Tritiumhoweverhasarelativelyshorthalflifeofabout12.6yearssoabout5percentoftheamountonhandmustbereplacedeachyeartomaintainthecurrentinventory.46BecauseofthelargeretirementofnuclearweaponsbytheUnitedStatesincompliancewithearlyagreementsandnationalpolicytritiumfromretiredweaponshasbeenusedtomakeupthatlostthroughnaturaldecay.47Howeverinabout10to15yearsdependingonfuturenegotiationstheUnitedStateswillneedaguaranteedsupplyoftritiumtomaintainitsstockpileatwhateverlevelisagreedon. InanticipationofthisfutureneedtoproducetritiumDefenseOfficeExecutiveispursuingtwotechnologies.Oneusesanuclearreactorthatcouldalsoproduceelectricitywhosesalewouldrecovernotonlythecapitalcostofthereactorbutalsoitsannualoperationalcost.48UnfortunatelythepresentAdministrationhasadefinitebiasagainstnuclearpowersoanalternativemethodisalsobeingpursuedeventhoughitisagreedthatitwillcosttwiceasmuchasareactoranduseasmuchelectricityasareactorwouldproduce.Thistechnologyusesanacceleratortoproducehigh-energyprotonsthatinturnproduceneutrons. Themainargumentfortheacceleratoristhatitproducesnoconventionalnuclearwastes.49Proponentsreadilyadmitthatitwillproduceradioactivematerialsbutwitharelativelyshorthalf-lifecomparedwiththatofwastesfromspentnuclearfuel.Thefactthattheacceleratorwillrequiretheequivalentofanuclearpowerplanttosupplyitselectricityisignored. 50Proponentsalsoneglecttomentionthatabout22percentofallelectricalenergygeneratedintheUnitedStatescomesfromnuclearpowerplantssothat22percentofthepowerusedbytheacceleratorwillgenerateconventionalnuclearwastesinadditiontothosetheacceleratorproduces.ThereisanalternativetoeitherthereactorortheacceleratorwhichissimplytobuytherequiredtritiumfromCanadaorRussia. Howeverinabout10to15yearsdependingonfuturenegotiationstheUnitedStateswillneedaguaranteedsupplyoftritiumtomaintainitsstockpileatwhateverlevelisagreedon.
拒不执行判决裁定罪是指拒不执行人民法院
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Eversincetheywerefirststagedin19thcenturyEuropeworld’sfairshaveenabledpeoplefromaroundtheglobetovisitwondrouspavilionswheretheycandiscoverdistantlandsandnewtechnologies.The2006world’sfairisnoexceptionbutitalsohasadecidedlynew-eratwist:thewholeeventhappensincyberspace. AnonprofitprojectdreamedupbyAmericansCarlMalamudacomputerconsultantandVintonCerfandInternetpioneerandtelecommunicationscompanyVicepresidenttheInternet2006WorldExpositionisadigitalworkinprogressamulti-chamberedforumthatcybernautscanhelpbuildandrenovatethroughouttheyear--andperhapslongafterthefair’sofficialcloseinDecember. Whilehigh-techpavilionssetupbysponsoringcorporationsarefeaturedprominentlyasinrealfairsthisvirtualexpositioniscloserinspiritandrealitytoavastbustlingbazaaramarketplaceforthetalentsandofferingsofthousandsofindividualsandsmallgroups.Anyonewithacomputerandamodemcannotonly"attend"butalsoparticipateasanexhibitorbycreatinganindividualmultimediaWebsite. Gettingthefairupandrunningwasbynomeanseasy.Malamud36spentthepastyearshuttlingamong30countrieslobbyingcompaniesthatinitiallydismissedtheprojectasunwieldyandunworkable.WhilesomenationsimmediatelysupportedtheideaotherscompletelymissedthepointofMalamud’svision:tomakethefairapublic-worksprojectthatfocusesonwhattheInternetcanofferexpertornovice.Oncegrass-rootsgroupsstartedbackingtheprojectthoughbusinesseswerenotfarbehind.Bydonatingequipmentandservicesthesecompanieswillgainaccesstomillionsofpotentialconsumerseagertoseethefirms’latesttechnologies. Sincetheexposition’sJan.1launchasmanyas40000visitorseachdayfrommorethan40countrieshavetriedthemajorWebsites.MostvirtualvisitorslogonfromtheU.SandJapanbuttheUnitedArabEmiratesSwedenSingaporeandEstoniahavebeenrepresented.Commentsloggedinthefair’sguestbookareoverwhelminglypositive."Wowtheworldisshrinking"wroteavisitorfromtheNetherlands.Sincetheirinitialhesitancythemajorsponsors-primarilytelecommunicationsandsoftwarecompanies--havebecomefirmbelievers.Beyondthediversityofcontentandinternationalscopethefairisatechnologicalmarvel. ThefastestinternationallinkeverinstalledthispipelinecouldbethefirststeptowardlayingapermanentnetworkthatwilleventuallyhardwireeverynationintheworldintotheInternet.Theorganizershopethattheinfrastructure--andawareness-nurturedbythisexpositionwilllaunchaboominNetuse. Inthewriteropinionthevirtualexpositioninthenewerais
甲被判处伪证罪依照我国刑法的规定下列关于伪证罪的判断正确的是
Eversincetheywerefirststagedin19thcenturyEuropeworld’sfairshaveenabledpeoplefromaroundtheglobetovisitwondrouspavilionswheretheycandiscoverdistantlandsandnewtechnologies.The2006world’sfairisnoexceptionbutitalsohasadecidedlynew-eratwist:thewholeeventhappensincyberspace. AnonprofitprojectdreamedupbyAmericansCarlMalamudacomputerconsultantandVintonCerfandInternetpioneerandtelecommunicationscompanyVicepresidenttheInternet2006WorldExpositionisadigitalworkinprogressamulti-chamberedforumthatcybernautscanhelpbuildandrenovatethroughouttheyear--andperhapslongafterthefair’sofficialcloseinDecember. Whilehigh-techpavilionssetupbysponsoringcorporationsarefeaturedprominentlyasinrealfairsthisvirtualexpositioniscloserinspiritandrealitytoavastbustlingbazaaramarketplaceforthetalentsandofferingsofthousandsofindividualsandsmallgroups.Anyonewithacomputerandamodemcannotonly"attend"butalsoparticipateasanexhibitorbycreatinganindividualmultimediaWebsite. Gettingthefairupandrunningwasbynomeanseasy.Malamud36spentthepastyearshuttlingamong30countrieslobbyingcompaniesthatinitiallydismissedtheprojectasunwieldyandunworkable.WhilesomenationsimmediatelysupportedtheideaotherscompletelymissedthepointofMalamud’svision:tomakethefairapublic-worksprojectthatfocusesonwhattheInternetcanofferexpertornovice.Oncegrass-rootsgroupsstartedbackingtheprojectthoughbusinesseswerenotfarbehind.Bydonatingequipmentandservicesthesecompanieswillgainaccesstomillionsofpotentialconsumerseagertoseethefirms’latesttechnologies. Sincetheexposition’sJan.1launchasmanyas40000visitorseachdayfrommorethan40countrieshavetriedthemajorWebsites.MostvirtualvisitorslogonfromtheU.SandJapanbuttheUnitedArabEmiratesSwedenSingaporeandEstoniahavebeenrepresented.Commentsloggedinthefair’sguestbookareoverwhelminglypositive."Wowtheworldisshrinking"wroteavisitorfromtheNetherlands.Sincetheirinitialhesitancythemajorsponsors-primarilytelecommunicationsandsoftwarecompanies--havebecomefirmbelievers.Beyondthediversityofcontentandinternationalscopethefairisatechnologicalmarvel. ThefastestinternationallinkeverinstalledthispipelinecouldbethefirststeptowardlayingapermanentnetworkthatwilleventuallyhardwireeverynationintheworldintotheInternet.Theorganizershopethattheinfrastructure--andawareness-nurturedbythisexpositionwilllaunchaboominNetuse. Thetechnologicalfairisintendedbyitsorganizerstobe
FormonthstheJapanesesearchedfitfullyfortherightwordtodescribewhatwashappening.AttheBankofJapanthenation’scentralbankofficialsspokeof"anadjustmentphase."PrimeMinisteradmittedonlyto"adifficultsituation."TheEconomicPlanningAgencythegovernment’srecordkeeperreferreddelicatelytoa"retreat."Thentwoweeksagoforthefirsttimesince1997theagencydroppeditsboilerplatereferencetothe"expansionfromitscloselywatchedMonthlyEconomicReportandthewordgamewasover.Japan’seconomytheworld’ssecondlargestconcededtheexpertswasinrecession. Thatadmissionconfirmedthehadnewsbusinessmenhadbeenreadingintheirspreadsheetsforseveralmonths."In2001onemarketafteranotherturnedbad"saysYoshihikoWakamotoseniorvicepresidentofToshibaCorp.whichnowadmitsthatitspretaxprofitsforfiscal2001endingMarch31maybedownawhopping42%.InAprilwhenmanyJapanesecompaniesannouncetheirresultsfor2001fiscalYearmostwillreportdecliningprofits.BluechipslikeSonyNECandMatsushitahaveallexperienceddropsofover40%inpretaxprofits.Japan’ssecurityhouseshitbydecliningcommissionsfromafallingstockmarketwillannounceevenmoredramaticdrops.NomuraSecuritiesonceJapan’smostprofitablecompanyistalkingaboutan80%declineinprofits.Automanufacturersbanksairlinessteelcompaniesdepartmentstores—allareinaslump. TechnicallywhatishappeningtotheJapaneseeconomydoesnotmeetAmericancriteriaforarecessionnormallydefinedasatleasttwoconsecutivequartersofnegativegrowth.WhileeconomicgrowthhasslowedinJapanithasnotceased.Governmenteconomistsarepredictinga3.5%increaseinGNPfor2002.Outsideexpertsarenotsooptimistic.ButnearlyeveryoneagreesthatGNPgrowthinJapanisunlikelytoslipintonegativenumbersasitdidlastyearintheU.S.andBritain."There’snoquestionthatweareinarecession"pronouncesKunioMiyamotochiefeconomistoftheSumitomo-LifeResearchInstitute."ButitisarecessionJapanese-style." Duringthelasthalfofthe1990sJapanesecompaniesbasedmuchoftheirexpansionaroundtheworldonthewildlyinflatedvaluesoftheTokyoStockExchangeandJapan’sfrenziedrealestatemarket.Nowboththosemarketshavecollapsed.Andwithlong-terminterestratesupfrom5%to7%Japanesecompaniesarelessabletosellvastquantitiesofhigh-qualitygoodsatrazor-thinprofitmargins.AddedtothisarepressuresfromshareholdersforagreaterreturnoninvestmentsfromJapan’stradingpartnersforrestraintsonitsaggressivetradepracticesandfromitsowncitizensforareductionintheirworkinghourssotheycanenjoythefruitsof40yearsofrelentlesstoil. WhichofthefollowingcanbestsubstitutethewordTechnicallyPara.3withoutchangingitsfunctioninthecontext
随意殴打他人情节严重并且致人死亡的按照论处
FormonthstheJapanesesearchedfitfullyfortherightwordtodescribewhatwashappening.AttheBankofJapanthenation’scentralbankofficialsspokeof"anadjustmentphase."PrimeMinisteradmittedonlyto"adifficultsituation."TheEconomicPlanningAgencythegovernment’srecordkeeperreferreddelicatelytoa"retreat."Thentwoweeksagoforthefirsttimesince1997theagencydroppeditsboilerplatereferencetothe"expansionfromitscloselywatchedMonthlyEconomicReportandthewordgamewasover.Japan’seconomytheworld’ssecondlargestconcededtheexpertswasinrecession. Thatadmissionconfirmedthehadnewsbusinessmenhadbeenreadingintheirspreadsheetsforseveralmonths."In2001onemarketafteranotherturnedbad"saysYoshihikoWakamotoseniorvicepresidentofToshibaCorp.whichnowadmitsthatitspretaxprofitsforfiscal2001endingMarch31maybedownawhopping42%.InAprilwhenmanyJapanesecompaniesannouncetheirresultsfor2001fiscalYearmostwillreportdecliningprofits.BluechipslikeSonyNECandMatsushitahaveallexperienceddropsofover40%inpretaxprofits.Japan’ssecurityhouseshitbydecliningcommissionsfromafallingstockmarketwillannounceevenmoredramaticdrops.NomuraSecuritiesonceJapan’smostprofitablecompanyistalkingaboutan80%declineinprofits.Automanufacturersbanksairlinessteelcompaniesdepartmentstores—allareinaslump. TechnicallywhatishappeningtotheJapaneseeconomydoesnotmeetAmericancriteriaforarecessionnormallydefinedasatleasttwoconsecutivequartersofnegativegrowth.WhileeconomicgrowthhasslowedinJapanithasnotceased.Governmenteconomistsarepredictinga3.5%increaseinGNPfor2002.Outsideexpertsarenotsooptimistic.ButnearlyeveryoneagreesthatGNPgrowthinJapanisunlikelytoslipintonegativenumbersasitdidlastyearintheU.S.andBritain."There’snoquestionthatweareinarecession"pronouncesKunioMiyamotochiefeconomistoftheSumitomo-LifeResearchInstitute."ButitisarecessionJapanese-style." Duringthelasthalfofthe1990sJapanesecompaniesbasedmuchoftheirexpansionaroundtheworldonthewildlyinflatedvaluesoftheTokyoStockExchangeandJapan’sfrenziedrealestatemarket.Nowboththosemarketshavecollapsed.Andwithlong-terminterestratesupfrom5%to7%Japanesecompaniesarelessabletosellvastquantitiesofhigh-qualitygoodsatrazor-thinprofitmargins.AddedtothisarepressuresfromshareholdersforagreaterreturnoninvestmentsfromJapan’stradingpartnersforrestraintsonitsaggressivetradepracticesandfromitsowncitizensforareductionintheirworkinghourssotheycanenjoythefruitsof40yearsofrelentlesstoil. WelearnfromthetextthatJapanesedefinitionofwhatwashappeninginJapanis
KingRichardIIIwasamonster.HepoisonedhiswifestolethethronefromhistwoyoungnephewsandorderedthemtobesmotheredintheTowerofLondon.RichardwasasortofAntichristtheKing--"thatbottledspiderthatpoisonousbunchbackedtoad." AnywaythatwasShakespeare’sversion.Shakespearedidwhattheplaywrightdoes:heturnedhistoryintoavividarticulateorganizeddream-repeatablenightly.Heputthecrouchbackonstageandsoldtickets. AndwhowouldsaythattherealRichardknowntofamilyandfriendswasnotidenticaltoShakespeare’smemorablyloathsomecreationTheactualRichardwentdimmingintothepastandvanished.Whenalltheeye-witnessesaregonetheartist’simaginationbeginstotwist. VariationsontheKingRichardEffectareatworkinOliverStone’sJFK.RichardIIIwasartbutitwaspropagandatoo.ShakespearetookthedetailsofhisplotfromTudorhistorianswhowantedtoblackenRichard’sname.SeveralcenturiespassedbeforeotherhistoriansbegantowriteaboutRichard’svirtuesandsuggestthathemayhavebeenavictimofTudormaliceandwhatisthecleverestconspiracyofall:art. JFKisalongandpowerfulharangueaboutthedeathofthemanStonekeepscalling"theslainyoungking."WhataretherulesofStone’sgameIsStonefunctioningascommercialentertainerPropagandistDocumentaryfilmmakerHistorianJournalistFantasistSensationalistCrazyconspiracymongerLoneherocrusadingforthetruthagainstacorruptEstablishmentAnswer:someoftheabove. ThefirstsuperficialeffectofJFKistoraiseangrylittlescrupleslikeweltsintheconscience.Wouldn’titbeabsurdifagenerationofyoungerAmericanswithnomemoryof1963weretoformtheirideasaboutJohnKennedy’sassassinationfromOliverStone’sreportofitButworsethingshavehappened--includingperhapstheWarrenCommissionreport StoneusesasuspectmixedartformandJFKraisesthefamiliarethicalandhistoricalproblemsofdocudrama.ButsowhatArtistshavealwaysusedpubliceventsasrawmaterialhavetakenhistoryintotheirimaginationsandtransformedit.ThefallofTroyvanishedintotheIliad.TheBattleofBorodinofounditsmostmemorablepermanenceinTolstoy’simaginingofitinWarandPeace. Especiallyinaworldofinsatiableelectronicstorytellingrealhistoryprocreatesendlesslyconjuringnewversionsofitself.Publiclifehasbecomeametaphysicalbreederoffictions.Watergatebecameanalmostcontinuoustelevisionminiseries--althoughitisinterestingthatthemovieofWoodwardandBernstein’sAllThePresident’sMenstayedclosetotheknownfactsandunlikeJFKdidnotvalidatedarkconjecture. ThewordharanguePara.5connotes
下列犯罪中不属于妨害司法罪的是
下列哪种行为可以构成伪证罪
ThemoleculesofcarbondioxideintheEarth’satmosphereaffecttheheatbalanceoftheEarthbyactingasaone-wayscreen.1thesemoleculesallowradiationatvisiblewavelengthswheremostoftheenergyofsunlightisconcernedtopass2theyabsorbsomeofthelonger-wavelengthinfraredemissionsradiatedfromtheEarth’ssurfaceradiationthatwould3betransmittedbackintospace.FortheEarthtomaintainaconstantaveragetemperaturesuchemissionsfromtheplanetmust4incomingsolarradiation.Iftherewerenocarbondioxideintheatmosphereheatwould5fromtheEarthmuchmoreeasily. Today6thepotentialproblemistoomuchcarbondioxide.Couldtheincreaseincarbondioxide7aglobalriseinaveragetemperatureandcouldsucharisehaveserious8forhumansocietyMathematicalmodelsthatallowustocalculatetheriseintemperatureasafunctionoftheincrease9thatthe10isprobablyyes. Onemathematicalmodel11thatdoublingtheatmosphericcarbondioxidewouldraisetheglobalmeansurfacetemperatureby2.5℃.Thismodelassumesthattheatmosphere’srelativehumidityremainsconstantandthetemperaturedecreaseswithaltitudeata12of6.5℃perkilometer.Theassumptionofconstantrelativehumidityisimportantbecausewatervaporintheatmosphereisanother13absorberorradiationatinfraredwavelengths.Becausewarmaircanholdmore14thancoolairtherelativehumiditywillbeconstant15theamountofwatervaporintheatmosphereincreases16thetemperaturerises.17moreinfraredradiationwouldbeabsorbedandreradiated18totheEarth’ssurface.Theresultantwarmingatthesurfacecouldbeexpectedtomeltsnowandice19theEarth’sreflectivity.Moresolarradiationwouldbeabsorbed20toafurtherincreaseintemperature. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
Itwasthebestoftimesordependingonyourpoliticalandphilosophicaloutlookoneofthefoulestandmostdepraved.Rebellionseemedtobeleapingfromcitytocitycontinenttocontinentbysomefieryprocessofcontagion.RadicalstudentsfilledthestreetsofMexicocityBerlinTokyoPrague.IntheU.S.ChicagoswirledintonearanarchyascopsbattledantiwardemonstratorsgatheredattheDemocraticConvention.AndeverywherefromAmsterdamtoHaight-Ashburyagenerationwasgettinghighactingup. Soclearlyitwastheyearfromhell—acollective"diveintoextensivesocialandpersonaldysfunction"astheWallStreetJournaleditorializedrecently.Ordependingagainonyouroutlookaglobalbreakthroughforthehumanspirit.Onthisthe25thanniversaryof1968probablytheonlythingwecanallagreeonisthat68marksthebeginningofthe"culturewars"whichhavedividedAmericaeversince. Boththesidesofthe"culturewars"ofthe’80sand’90stookforminthecriticalyearof’68.ThekeyissuesaredifferentnowabortionandgayrightsforexampleasopposedtoVietnamandracism--buttheunderlyingthemesstillechotheclashesof’68:Diversityvs.conformitytraditionvs.iconoclasmself-expressionvs.deferencetonorms."Questionauthority"inotherwordsvs."Fatherknowsbest." The25thanniversaryof’68isagoodtimetoreflectcalmlyandphilosophicallyonthesedeepunderlyingchoices.Ononehandweknowthatanti--authoritarianismforitsownsakeeasilydegeneratesintoarudeandunfocuseddefiance:RevolutionasAbbieHoffmanputit"forthehellofit."Certainly’68haditswretchedexcessesaswellasitsmomentsofglory:thepersonaltragedyoflivesundonebydrugsandsextheheavycostofriotsanddestruction.Onemighteasilyconcludethattheancientrulesandhierarchiesarethereforareason--they’reworkedmoreorlessforuntoldmillenniumssothere’snopointinchangingthemnow. Butit’salsotruethatwhat"worked"forthousandsofyearsmaynotbethebestwayofdoingthings.Democracyafterallwasonceafar-outsubversivenotioncondemnedbykingsandpriests.Inourowncountryittookallkindsofhell-raisingincludingawartogetacrossthesimplenotionthatnopersonismorallyentitledtoownanother.Onegeneration’shallowedtradition--slaveryorthedivinerightofkings--maybeanothergeneration’sobjectlessoninhumanfolly. ’68wasonemoreawkwardstumblinghalfstepforwardinwhatDutschkecalledthe"longmarch"towardhumanfreedom.Actuallyithelpedinspiretheworldwidefeministmovement. Fromthetextwelearnthatthe’68Warwasbestcharacterizedby
KingRichardIIIwasamonster.HepoisonedhiswifestolethethronefromhistwoyoungnephewsandorderedthemtobesmotheredintheTowerofLondon.RichardwasasortofAntichristtheKing--"thatbottledspiderthatpoisonousbunchbackedtoad." AnywaythatwasShakespeare’sversion.Shakespearedidwhattheplaywrightdoes:heturnedhistoryintoavividarticulateorganizeddream-repeatablenightly.Heputthecrouchbackonstageandsoldtickets. AndwhowouldsaythattherealRichardknowntofamilyandfriendswasnotidenticaltoShakespeare’smemorablyloathsomecreationTheactualRichardwentdimmingintothepastandvanished.Whenalltheeye-witnessesaregonetheartist’simaginationbeginstotwist. VariationsontheKingRichardEffectareatworkinOliverStone’sJFK.RichardIIIwasartbutitwaspropagandatoo.ShakespearetookthedetailsofhisplotfromTudorhistorianswhowantedtoblackenRichard’sname.SeveralcenturiespassedbeforeotherhistoriansbegantowriteaboutRichard’svirtuesandsuggestthathemayhavebeenavictimofTudormaliceandwhatisthecleverestconspiracyofall:art. JFKisalongandpowerfulharangueaboutthedeathofthemanStonekeepscalling"theslainyoungking."WhataretherulesofStone’sgameIsStonefunctioningascommercialentertainerPropagandistDocumentaryfilmmakerHistorianJournalistFantasistSensationalistCrazyconspiracymongerLoneherocrusadingforthetruthagainstacorruptEstablishmentAnswer:someoftheabove. ThefirstsuperficialeffectofJFKistoraiseangrylittlescrupleslikeweltsintheconscience.Wouldn’titbeabsurdifagenerationofyoungerAmericanswithnomemoryof1963weretoformtheirideasaboutJohnKennedy’sassassinationfromOliverStone’sreportofitButworsethingshavehappened--includingperhapstheWarrenCommissionreport StoneusesasuspectmixedartformandJFKraisesthefamiliarethicalandhistoricalproblemsofdocudrama.ButsowhatArtistshavealwaysusedpubliceventsasrawmaterialhavetakenhistoryintotheirimaginationsandtransformedit.ThefallofTroyvanishedintotheIliad.TheBattleofBorodinofounditsmostmemorablepermanenceinTolstoy’simaginingofitinWarandPeace. Especiallyinaworldofinsatiableelectronicstorytellingrealhistoryprocreatesendlesslyconjuringnewversionsofitself.Publiclifehasbecomeametaphysicalbreederoffictions.Watergatebecameanalmostcontinuoustelevisionminiseries--althoughitisinterestingthatthemovieofWoodwardandBernstein’sAllThePresident’sMenstayedclosetotheknownfactsandunlikeJFKdidnotvalidatedarkconjecture. Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpubliclife
Eversincetheywerefirststagedin19thcenturyEuropeworld’sfairshaveenabledpeoplefromaroundtheglobetovisitwondrouspavilionswheretheycandiscoverdistantlandsandnewtechnologies.The2006world’sfairisnoexceptionbutitalsohasadecidedlynew-eratwist:thewholeeventhappensincyberspace. AnonprofitprojectdreamedupbyAmericansCarlMalamudacomputerconsultantandVintonCerfandInternetpioneerandtelecommunicationscompanyVicepresidenttheInternet2006WorldExpositionisadigitalworkinprogressamulti-chamberedforumthatcybernautscanhelpbuildandrenovatethroughouttheyear--andperhapslongafterthefair’sofficialcloseinDecember. Whilehigh-techpavilionssetupbysponsoringcorporationsarefeaturedprominentlyasinrealfairsthisvirtualexpositioniscloserinspiritandrealitytoavastbustlingbazaaramarketplaceforthetalentsandofferingsofthousandsofindividualsandsmallgroups.Anyonewithacomputerandamodemcannotonly"attend"butalsoparticipateasanexhibitorbycreatinganindividualmultimediaWebsite. Gettingthefairupandrunningwasbynomeanseasy.Malamud36spentthepastyearshuttlingamong30countrieslobbyingcompaniesthatinitiallydismissedtheprojectasunwieldyandunworkable.WhilesomenationsimmediatelysupportedtheideaotherscompletelymissedthepointofMalamud’svision:tomakethefairapublic-worksprojectthatfocusesonwhattheInternetcanofferexpertornovice.Oncegrass-rootsgroupsstartedbackingtheprojectthoughbusinesseswerenotfarbehind.Bydonatingequipmentandservicesthesecompanieswillgainaccesstomillionsofpotentialconsumerseagertoseethefirms’latesttechnologies. Sincetheexposition’sJan.1launchasmanyas40000visitorseachdayfrommorethan40countrieshavetriedthemajorWebsites.MostvirtualvisitorslogonfromtheU.SandJapanbuttheUnitedArabEmiratesSwedenSingaporeandEstoniahavebeenrepresented.Commentsloggedinthefair’sguestbookareoverwhelminglypositive."Wowtheworldisshrinking"wroteavisitorfromtheNetherlands.Sincetheirinitialhesitancythemajorsponsors-primarilytelecommunicationsandsoftwarecompanies--havebecomefirmbelievers.Beyondthediversityofcontentandinternationalscopethefairisatechnologicalmarvel. ThefastestinternationallinkeverinstalledthispipelinecouldbethefirststeptowardlayingapermanentnetworkthatwilleventuallyhardwireeverynationintheworldintotheInternet.Theorganizershopethattheinfrastructure--andawareness-nurturedbythisexpositionwilllaunchaboominNetuse. TheorganizersthinksthattheeffectonNetuseofthe2006world’sfairis
Directions: YouaregoingtoreadatextaboutTheBigMeltfollowedbyalistofexamples.ChoosethebestexamplefromthelistA--Fforeachnumberedsubheading41--45.Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.S aygoodbyetotheworld’stropicalglaciersandicecaps.Manywillvanishwithin20years.WhenLonnieThompsonvisitedPeru’sQuelccayaicecapin1977hecouldn’thelpnoticingaschool-bus-sizeboulderthatwasupendedbyicepushingagainstit.Thompsonreturnedtothesamespotlastyearandtheboulderwasstilltherebutitwaslyingonitsside.Theicethatoncesupportedthemassiverockhadretreatedfarintothedistanceleavingbehindagiantlakeasitmeltedaway. FoeThompsonageologistwithOhioStateUniversity’sByrdPolarResearchCentertherolled-backrockwasanobvioussignofclimatechangeintheAndesMountains."Observingthatover25yearspersonallyreallybringsithome"hesays."Yourdon’thavetobeabelieveringlobalwarmingtoseewhat’shappening." 41.Thawedicecapsinthetropics. Quelccayaisthelargesticecapinthetropicsbutitisn’ttheonlyonethatismeltingaccordingtodecadesofresearchbyThompson’steam.NOtropicalglaciersarecurrentlyknowntobeadvancingandThompsonpredictsthatmanymountaintopswillbecompletelymeltedwithinthenext20years. 42.Situationinareasotherthanthetropics. Thephenomenonisn’tconfinedtothetropics.GlaciersinEuropeRussianewZealandtheUnitedStatesandelsewherearealsomelting. 43.Theworseningeffectsofglobalwarming. Formanyscientiststhewidespreadmelt-downisaclearsignthathumansareaffectingglottalclimateprimarilybyraisingthelevelsofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesintheatmosphere. 44.Recedingicecaps. That’snottosaythatglacierscurrentlyfoundoneverycontinentexceptAustraliahaven’tmeltedinthepastasaresultofnaturalvariability.Theseriversoficeexistinadelicatebalancebetweeninputsaccumulatingsnowandiceandoutputsmeltingand"calving"oflargechunksofice.Overtimethebalancecantiltineitherdirectioncausingglacierstoadvanceorretreat.What’sdifferentnowisthespeedatwhichthescaleshavetipped."We’vebeensurprisedathowrapidtherateofretreathasbeen"saysThompson.HisteambeganmappingoneofthemainglaciersflowingoutoftheQuelccayaicecapin1978usingsatelliteimagesandgroundsurveys. 45.Thinningicecores. Andits’notjustthemarginoftheicecapthatismelting.AtQaelccayaandMountKilimanjarotheresearchershavefoundthattheicefieldsarethinningaswell.BesidesmappingicecapsandglaciersThompsonandhiscolleagueshavetakencoresamplesfromQueleeayasince1976whentheiceatthedrillinglocationwas154metersthick. ThompsonandhiscolleagueshavealsodrilledicecoresfromotherlocationsinSouthAmericaAfricaandChina.Trappedwithineachofthesecoresisaclimaterecordspanningmorethan8000years.Itshowsthatthepast50yearsarethewarmestinhistory. The4-inch-thickicecoresarenowstoredinfreezersatOhioState.OnthefuturesaysThompsonthatmaybetheonlyplacetoseewhat’sleftoftheglaciersofAfricaandPeru. [A]ThelatestreportfromtheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangepreparedbyhundredsofscientistsandapprovedbygovernmentdelegatesfrommorethan100nationsstates:"Thereisnewandstrongerevidencethatmostofthewarmingobservedoverthelast50yearsisattributabletohumanactivities."ThereportreleasedinJanuarysaysthattheplanet’saveragesurfacetemperatureincreasedbyabout0.6℃duringthe20thcenturyandisprojectedtoincreaseanother1.4℃to5.8℃by2100.Thatrateofwarmingis"with-outprecedentduringatleastthelast10000years"saystheIPCC. [B]Alaska’smassiveBeringandColumbiaGlacierslocatedinnontropicalregionsforexamplehaverecededbymorethan10kilometersduringthepastcentury.AndastudybygeologistsattheUniversityofColoradoatBoulderpredictsthatGlacierNationalParkinMontanaundertheinfluenceofmeltingwillloseallofitsglaciersby2070. [C]Forexampleabout97percentoftheplanet’swaterisseawater.Another2percentislockedinicecapsandglaciers.Therearealsoreservesoffreshwaterundertheearth’ssurfacebutthesearetoodeepforustouseeconomically. [D]ForexampleAfrica’sMountKilimanjarointropicalareashaslost82percentofitsicefieldsinceitwasfirstmappedin1912.ThatyearKilimanjarohad12.1squarekilometersofice.Bylastyeartheicecoveredonly2.2squarekilometers.AtthecurrentrateofmeltingthesnowsofKilimanjarothatErnestHemingwaywroteaboutwillbegonewithin15yearsThompsonestimates."Butitprobablywillhappensoonerbecausetherateisspeedingup." [E]"Ifullyexpecttobeabletoreturnthereinadozenyearsorsoandseethemarksontherockwhereourdrillbitpunchedthroughtheice"saysThompson.Ifthathappensitwillmeanthatalayeroficemorethan500feetthickhasvanishedintothinair. [F]TheglacierQoriKaliswasthenretreatingby4.9metersperyear.EverytimethescientistsreturnedQoriKaliswasmeltingfaster.Between1998and2000itwasretreatingatarateof155metersperyearsmorethanafootperday32timesfasterthanin1978."Youcanalmostsitthereandwatchitmove"saysThompson. 43
Directions: YouaregoingtoreadatextaboutTheBigMeltfollowedbyalistofexamples.ChoosethebestexamplefromthelistA--Fforeachnumberedsubheading41--45.Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.S aygoodbyetotheworld’stropicalglaciersandicecaps.Manywillvanishwithin20years.WhenLonnieThompsonvisitedPeru’sQuelccayaicecapin1977hecouldn’thelpnoticingaschool-bus-sizeboulderthatwasupendedbyicepushingagainstit.Thompsonreturnedtothesamespotlastyearandtheboulderwasstilltherebutitwaslyingonitsside.Theicethatoncesupportedthemassiverockhadretreatedfarintothedistanceleavingbehindagiantlakeasitmeltedaway. FoeThompsonageologistwithOhioStateUniversity’sByrdPolarResearchCentertherolled-backrockwasanobvioussignofclimatechangeintheAndesMountains."Observingthatover25yearspersonallyreallybringsithome"hesays."Yourdon’thavetobeabelieveringlobalwarmingtoseewhat’shappening." 41.Thawedicecapsinthetropics. Quelccayaisthelargesticecapinthetropicsbutitisn’ttheonlyonethatismeltingaccordingtodecadesofresearchbyThompson’steam.NOtropicalglaciersarecurrentlyknowntobeadvancingandThompsonpredictsthatmanymountaintopswillbecompletelymeltedwithinthenext20years. 42.Situationinareasotherthanthetropics. Thephenomenonisn’tconfinedtothetropics.GlaciersinEuropeRussianewZealandtheUnitedStatesandelsewherearealsomelting. 43.Theworseningeffectsofglobalwarming. Formanyscientiststhewidespreadmelt-downisaclearsignthathumansareaffectingglottalclimateprimarilybyraisingthelevelsofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesintheatmosphere. 44.Recedingicecaps. That’snottosaythatglacierscurrentlyfoundoneverycontinentexceptAustraliahaven’tmeltedinthepastasaresultofnaturalvariability.Theseriversoficeexistinadelicatebalancebetweeninputsaccumulatingsnowandiceandoutputsmeltingand"calving"oflargechunksofice.Overtimethebalancecantiltineitherdirectioncausingglacierstoadvanceorretreat.What’sdifferentnowisthespeedatwhichthescaleshavetipped."We’vebeensurprisedathowrapidtherateofretreathasbeen"saysThompson.HisteambeganmappingoneofthemainglaciersflowingoutoftheQuelccayaicecapin1978usingsatelliteimagesandgroundsurveys. 45.Thinningicecores. Andits’notjustthemarginoftheicecapthatismelting.AtQaelccayaandMountKilimanjarotheresearchershavefoundthattheicefieldsarethinningaswell.BesidesmappingicecapsandglaciersThompsonandhiscolleagueshavetakencoresamplesfromQueleeayasince1976whentheiceatthedrillinglocationwas154metersthick. ThompsonandhiscolleagueshavealsodrilledicecoresfromotherlocationsinSouthAmericaAfricaandChina.Trappedwithineachofthesecoresisaclimaterecordspanningmorethan8000years.Itshowsthatthepast50yearsarethewarmestinhistory. The4-inch-thickicecoresarenowstoredinfreezersatOhioState.OnthefuturesaysThompsonthatmaybetheonlyplacetoseewhat’sleftoftheglaciersofAfricaandPeru. [A]ThelatestreportfromtheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangepreparedbyhundredsofscientistsandapprovedbygovernmentdelegatesfrommorethan100nationsstates:"Thereisnewandstrongerevidencethatmostofthewarmingobservedoverthelast50yearsisattributabletohumanactivities."ThereportreleasedinJanuarysaysthattheplanet’saveragesurfacetemperatureincreasedbyabout0.6℃duringthe20thcenturyandisprojectedtoincreaseanother1.4℃to5.8℃by2100.Thatrateofwarmingis"with-outprecedentduringatleastthelast10000years"saystheIPCC. [B]Alaska’smassiveBeringandColumbiaGlacierslocatedinnontropicalregionsforexamplehaverecededbymorethan10kilometersduringthepastcentury.AndastudybygeologistsattheUniversityofColoradoatBoulderpredictsthatGlacierNationalParkinMontanaundertheinfluenceofmeltingwillloseallofitsglaciersby2070. [C]Forexampleabout97percentoftheplanet’swaterisseawater.Another2percentislockedinicecapsandglaciers.Therearealsoreservesoffreshwaterundertheearth’ssurfacebutthesearetoodeepforustouseeconomically. [D]ForexampleAfrica’sMountKilimanjarointropicalareashaslost82percentofitsicefieldsinceitwasfirstmappedin1912.ThatyearKilimanjarohad12.1squarekilometersofice.Bylastyeartheicecoveredonly2.2squarekilometers.AtthecurrentrateofmeltingthesnowsofKilimanjarothatErnestHemingwaywroteaboutwillbegonewithin15yearsThompsonestimates."Butitprobablywillhappensoonerbecausetherateisspeedingup." [E]"Ifullyexpecttobeabletoreturnthereinadozenyearsorsoandseethemarksontherockwhereourdrillbitpunchedthroughtheice"saysThompson.Ifthathappensitwillmeanthatalayeroficemorethan500feetthickhasvanishedintothinair. [F]TheglacierQoriKaliswasthenretreatingby4.9metersperyear.EverytimethescientistsreturnedQoriKaliswasmeltingfaster.Between1998and2000itwasretreatingatarateof155metersperyearsmorethanafootperday32timesfasterthanin1978."Youcanalmostsitthereandwatchitmove"saysThompson. 45
KingRichardIIIwasamonster.HepoisonedhiswifestolethethronefromhistwoyoungnephewsandorderedthemtobesmotheredintheTowerofLondon.RichardwasasortofAntichristtheKing--"thatbottledspiderthatpoisonousbunchbackedtoad." AnywaythatwasShakespeare’sversion.Shakespearedidwhattheplaywrightdoes:heturnedhistoryintoavividarticulateorganizeddream-repeatablenightly.Heputthecrouchbackonstageandsoldtickets. AndwhowouldsaythattherealRichardknowntofamilyandfriendswasnotidenticaltoShakespeare’smemorablyloathsomecreationTheactualRichardwentdimmingintothepastandvanished.Whenalltheeye-witnessesaregonetheartist’simaginationbeginstotwist. VariationsontheKingRichardEffectareatworkinOliverStone’sJFK.RichardIIIwasartbutitwaspropagandatoo.ShakespearetookthedetailsofhisplotfromTudorhistorianswhowantedtoblackenRichard’sname.SeveralcenturiespassedbeforeotherhistoriansbegantowriteaboutRichard’svirtuesandsuggestthathemayhavebeenavictimofTudormaliceandwhatisthecleverestconspiracyofall:art. JFKisalongandpowerfulharangueaboutthedeathofthemanStonekeepscalling"theslainyoungking."WhataretherulesofStone’sgameIsStonefunctioningascommercialentertainerPropagandistDocumentaryfilmmakerHistorianJournalistFantasistSensationalistCrazyconspiracymongerLoneherocrusadingforthetruthagainstacorruptEstablishmentAnswer:someoftheabove. ThefirstsuperficialeffectofJFKistoraiseangrylittlescrupleslikeweltsintheconscience.Wouldn’titbeabsurdifagenerationofyoungerAmericanswithnomemoryof1963weretoformtheirideasaboutJohnKennedy’sassassinationfromOliverStone’sreportofitButworsethingshavehappened--includingperhapstheWarrenCommissionreport StoneusesasuspectmixedartformandJFKraisesthefamiliarethicalandhistoricalproblemsofdocudrama.ButsowhatArtistshavealwaysusedpubliceventsasrawmaterialhavetakenhistoryintotheirimaginationsandtransformedit.ThefallofTroyvanishedintotheIliad.TheBattleofBorodinofounditsmostmemorablepermanenceinTolstoy’simaginingofitinWarandPeace. Especiallyinaworldofinsatiableelectronicstorytellingrealhistoryprocreatesendlesslyconjuringnewversionsofitself.Publiclifehasbecomeametaphysicalbreederoffictions.Watergatebecameanalmostcontinuoustelevisionminiseries--althoughitisinterestingthatthemovieofWoodwardandBernstein’sAllThePresident’sMenstayedclosetotheknownfactsandunlikeJFKdidnotvalidatedarkconjecture. Shakespeare’screationisusedinthetexttointroduce
Itwasthebestoftimesordependingonyourpoliticalandphilosophicaloutlookoneofthefoulestandmostdepraved.Rebellionseemedtobeleapingfromcitytocitycontinenttocontinentbysomefieryprocessofcontagion.RadicalstudentsfilledthestreetsofMexicocityBerlinTokyoPrague.IntheU.S.ChicagoswirledintonearanarchyascopsbattledantiwardemonstratorsgatheredattheDemocraticConvention.AndeverywherefromAmsterdamtoHaight-Ashburyagenerationwasgettinghighactingup. Soclearlyitwastheyearfromhell—acollective"diveintoextensivesocialandpersonaldysfunction"astheWallStreetJournaleditorializedrecently.Ordependingagainonyouroutlookaglobalbreakthroughforthehumanspirit.Onthisthe25thanniversaryof1968probablytheonlythingwecanallagreeonisthat68marksthebeginningofthe"culturewars"whichhavedividedAmericaeversince. Boththesidesofthe"culturewars"ofthe’80sand’90stookforminthecriticalyearof’68.ThekeyissuesaredifferentnowabortionandgayrightsforexampleasopposedtoVietnamandracism--buttheunderlyingthemesstillechotheclashesof’68:Diversityvs.conformitytraditionvs.iconoclasmself-expressionvs.deferencetonorms."Questionauthority"inotherwordsvs."Fatherknowsbest." The25thanniversaryof’68isagoodtimetoreflectcalmlyandphilosophicallyonthesedeepunderlyingchoices.Ononehandweknowthatanti--authoritarianismforitsownsakeeasilydegeneratesintoarudeandunfocuseddefiance:RevolutionasAbbieHoffmanputit"forthehellofit."Certainly’68haditswretchedexcessesaswellasitsmomentsofglory:thepersonaltragedyoflivesundonebydrugsandsextheheavycostofriotsanddestruction.Onemighteasilyconcludethattheancientrulesandhierarchiesarethereforareason--they’reworkedmoreorlessforuntoldmillenniumssothere’snopointinchangingthemnow. Butit’salsotruethatwhat"worked"forthousandsofyearsmaynotbethebestwayofdoingthings.Democracyafterallwasonceafar-outsubversivenotioncondemnedbykingsandpriests.Inourowncountryittookallkindsofhell-raisingincludingawartogetacrossthesimplenotionthatnopersonismorallyentitledtoownanother.Onegeneration’shallowedtradition--slaveryorthedivinerightofkings--maybeanothergeneration’sobjectlessoninhumanfolly. ’68wasonemoreawkwardstumblinghalfstepforwardinwhatDutschkecalledthe"longmarch"towardhumanfreedom.Actuallyithelpedinspiretheworldwidefeministmovement. Towhichofthefollowingisthewritermostlikelytoagree
外科医生甲疏忽大意误将一小块纱布缝合在病人伤口内最终导致病人被截肢甲的行为构成
Directions: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.A llU.S.nuclearweaponsproductionfacilitiesarepresentlycloseddownandifthevariousagreementsareadheredtothosefacilitieswillneverberequiredexceptforonecriticalcapability.Allmodernnuclearweaponsuseuranium铀plutonium钚andtritium氚.Uraniumandplutoniumhaveverylonghalf-livesandthereislargesurplusofthesematerials. Tritiumhoweverhasarelativelyshorthalflifeofabout12.6yearssoabout5percentoftheamountonhandmustbereplacedeachyeartomaintainthecurrentinventory.46BecauseofthelargeretirementofnuclearweaponsbytheUnitedStatesincompliancewithearlyagreementsandnationalpolicytritiumfromretiredweaponshasbeenusedtomakeupthatlostthroughnaturaldecay.47Howeverinabout10to15yearsdependingonfuturenegotiationstheUnitedStateswillneedaguaranteedsupplyoftritiumtomaintainitsstockpileatwhateverlevelisagreedon. InanticipationofthisfutureneedtoproducetritiumDefenseOfficeExecutiveispursuingtwotechnologies.Oneusesanuclearreactorthatcouldalsoproduceelectricitywhosesalewouldrecovernotonlythecapitalcostofthereactorbutalsoitsannualoperationalcost.48UnfortunatelythepresentAdministrationhasadefinitebiasagainstnuclearpowersoanalternativemethodisalsobeingpursuedeventhoughitisagreedthatitwillcosttwiceasmuchasareactoranduseasmuchelectricityasareactorwouldproduce.Thistechnologyusesanacceleratortoproducehigh-energyprotonsthatinturnproduceneutrons. Themainargumentfortheacceleratoristhatitproducesnoconventionalnuclearwastes.49Proponentsreadilyadmitthatitwillproduceradioactivematerialsbutwitharelativelyshorthalf-lifecomparedwiththatofwastesfromspentnuclearfuel.Thefactthattheacceleratorwillrequiretheequivalentofanuclearpowerplanttosupplyitselectricityisignored. 50Proponentsalsoneglecttomentionthatabout22percentofallelectricalenergygeneratedintheUnitedStatescomesfromnuclearpowerplantssothat22percentofthepowerusedbytheacceleratorwillgenerateconventionalnuclearwastesinadditiontothosetheacceleratorproduces.ThereisanalternativetoeitherthereactorortheacceleratorwhichissimplytobuytherequiredtritiumfromCanadaorRussia. Proponentsreadilyadmitthatitwillproduceradioactivematerialsbutwitharelativelyshorthalf-lifecomparedwiththatofwastesfromspentnuclearfuel.
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