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划分法的历史类型的标准是( )。
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划分法的部门的标准主要标准是调整对象其次是
划分法律历史类型的标准是
经济基础和意志内容
经济基础和历史传统
经济基础
历史传统
划分法的部门的主要标准是其次是
法的历史类型的划分标准是
历史传统、渊源关系及其特点
法的效力渊源
阶级本质和经济基础
法所存在的历史时期
法的历史类型的划分标准是
法的历史渊源
法的外部特征
社会形态
社会生产力水平
划分法系的决定性标准是
法的历史类型的划分标准是______
历史传统、源源关系及其特点
阶级本质和经济基础
法的效力渊源
法所存在的历史时期
法系划分的标准是
法的历史传统
法的历史类型
法的阶级本质
法的立法体制
法的历史类型的划分标准是
历史传统、源流关系及其特点
阶级本质和经济基础
法的效力渊源
法所存在的历史时期
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Governmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledependslargelyontheeconomicstrengthandwealthofthecommunity.71.Undermodernconditionsthisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.72.Furthermoreitisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustryandthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.Italsomeansthatgovernmentsareincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthesesectorsinordertostepupproductionandensurethatitisutilizedtothebestadvantage.Forexampletheymayencourageresearchinvariouswaysincludingthesettingupoftheirownresearchcenters;theymayalterthestructureofeducationorinterfereinordertoreducethewastageofnaturalresourcesortapresourceshithertounexploited;ortheymayco-operatedirectlyinthegrowingnumberofinternationalprojectsrelatedtoscienceeconomicsandindustry.Inanycaseallsuchinterventionsareheavilydependentonscientificadviceandalsoscientificandtechnologicalmanpowerofallkinds. 73.Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmass-communicationspeopleeverywherearefeelingnewwantsandarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideaswhilegovernmentsareoftenforcedtointroducestirfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.Atthesametimethenormalrateofsocialchangethroughouttheworldistakingplaceatavastlyacceleratedspeedcomparedwiththepast.Forexample74.intheearlyinindustrializedcountriesofEuropetheprocessofindustrialization―withallthefar-reachingchangesinsocialpatternsthatfollowed--wasspreadovernearlyacenturywhereasnowadaysadevelopingnationmayundergothesameprocessinadecadeorso.Allthishastheeffectofbuildingupunusualpressuresandtensionswithinthecommunityandconsequentlypresentsseriousproblemsforthegovernmentsconcerned.75．Additionalsocialstressesmayalsooccurbecauseofthepopulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigrationmovements--themselvesmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodernmeansoftransport.Asaresultofallthesefactorsgovernmentsarebecomingincreasinglydependentonbiologistsandsocialscientistsforplanningtheappropriateprogramsandputtingthemintoeffect.
Governmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledependslargelyontheeconomicstrengthandwealthofthecommunity.71.Undermodernconditionsthisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.72.Furthermoreitisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustryandthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.Italsomeansthatgovernmentsareincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthesesectorsinordertostepupproductionandensurethatitisutilizedtothebestadvantage.Forexampletheymayencourageresearchinvariouswaysincludingthesettingupoftheirownresearchcenters;theymayalterthestructureofeducationorinterfereinordertoreducethewastageofnaturalresourcesortapresourceshithertounexploited;ortheymayco-operatedirectlyinthegrowingnumberofinternationalprojectsrelatedtoscienceeconomicsandindustry.Inanycaseallsuchinterventionsareheavilydependentonscientificadviceandalsoscientificandtechnologicalmanpowerofallkinds. 73.Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmass-communicationspeopleeverywherearefeelingnewwantsandarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideaswhilegovernmentsareoftenforcedtointroducestirfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.Atthesametimethenormalrateofsocialchangethroughouttheworldistakingplaceatavastlyacceleratedspeedcomparedwiththepast.Forexample74.intheearlyinindustrializedcountriesofEuropetheprocessofindustrialization―withallthefar-reachingchangesinsocialpatternsthatfollowed--wasspreadovernearlyacenturywhereasnowadaysadevelopingnationmayundergothesameprocessinadecadeorso.Allthishastheeffectofbuildingupunusualpressuresandtensionswithinthecommunityandconsequentlypresentsseriousproblemsforthegovernmentsconcerned.75．Additionalsocialstressesmayalsooccurbecauseofthepopulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigrationmovements--themselvesmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodernmeansoftransport.Asaresultofallthesefactorsgovernmentsarebecomingincreasinglydependentonbiologistsandsocialscientistsforplanningtheappropriateprogramsandputtingthemintoeffect.
Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashionitisadvisabletofindoutwhatitsadvocatesareaimingatforhoweverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesmayseemtodayitispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedasnormal.WithregardtoFuturistpoetryhoweverthecaseisratherdifficultforwhateverFuturistpoetrymaybe--evenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberight--itcanhardlybeclassedasLiterature. ThisinbriefiswhattheFuturistsays:foracenturypastconditionsoflifehavebeenconditionallyspeedinguptillnowweliveinaworldofnoiseandviolenceandspeed.Consequentlyourfeelingsthoughtsandemotionshaveundergoneacorrespondingchange.ThisspeedingupoflifesaystheFuturistrequiresanewformofexpression.Wemustspeedupourliteraturetooifwewanttointerpretmodernstress.Wemustpouroutalargestreamofessentialwordsunhamperedbystopsorqualifyingadjectivesorfiniteverbs.Insteadofdescribingsoundswemustmakeupwordsthatimitatethem;wemustusemanysizesoftypeanddifferentcoloredinksonthesamepageandshortenorlengthenwordsatwill. Certainlytheirdescriptionsofbattlesareconfused.ButitisalittleupsettingtoreadintheexplanatorynotesthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheybothfallintotheriver--andthentofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers:Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms. ThisthoughitfulfillsthelawsandrequirementsofFuturistpoetrycanhardlybeclassedasLiterature.Allthesamenothinkingmancanrefusetoaccepttheirfirstproposition:thatagreatchangeinouremotionallifecallsforachangeofexpression.Thewholequestionisreallythis:haveweessentiallychanged Futuristsclaimthatwemust__________.
WiththestartofBBCWorldServiceTelevisionmillionsofviewersinAsiaandAmericacannowwatchtheCorporation’’snewscoverageaswellaslistentoit. AndofcourseinBritainlistenersandviewerscantuneintotwoBBCtelevisionchannelsfiveBBCnationalradioservicesanddozensoflocalradiostations.Theyarebroughtsportcomedydramamusicnewsandcurrentaffairseducationreligionparliamentarycoveragechildren’’sprogrammesandfilmsforanannualliceneefeeof￡83perhousehold. Itisaremarkablerecordstretchingbackover70years―yettheBBC’’sfutureisnowindoubt.TheCorporationwillsurviveasapublicly-fundedbroadcastingorganizationatleastforthetimebeingbutitsroleitssizeanditsprogrammesarenowthesubjectofanation-widedebateinBritain. ThedebatewaslaunchedbytheGovernmentwhichinvitedanyonewithanopinionoftheBBC―includingordinarylistenersandviewers―tosaywhatwasgoodorbadabouttheCorporationandevenwhethertheythoughtitwasworthkeeping.ThereasonforitsinquiryisthattheBBC’’sroyalcharterrunsoutin1996anditmustdecidewhethertokeeptheorganizationasitisortomakechanges. DefendersoftheCorporation―ofwhomtherearemany―arefondofquotingtheAmericansloganIfitain’’tbrokedon’’tfixit.TheBBCain’’tbroketheysaybywhichtheymeanitisnotbrokenasdistinctfromtheword’’broke’’meaninghavingnomoneysowhybothertochangeit YettheBBCwillhavetochangebecausethebroadcastingworldarounditischanging.ThecommercialTVchannels―ITVandChannel4―wererequiredbytheThatcherGovernment’’sBroadcastingActtobecomemorecommercialcompetingwitheachotherforadvertisersandcuttingcostsandjobs.Butitisthearrivalofnewsatellitechannels―fundedpartlybyadvertisingandpartlybyviewers’’subscriptions―whichwillbringaboutthebiggestchangesinthelongterm. TheworldfamousBBCnowfaces_________________.
Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashionitisadvisabletofindoutwhatitsadvocatesareaimingatforhoweverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesmayseemtodayitispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedasnormal.WithregardtoFuturistpoetryhoweverthecaseisratherdifficultforwhateverFuturistpoetrymaybe--evenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberight--itcanhardlybeclassedasLiterature. ThisinbriefiswhattheFuturistsays:foracenturypastconditionsoflifehavebeenconditionallyspeedinguptillnowweliveinaworldofnoiseandviolenceandspeed.Consequentlyourfeelingsthoughtsandemotionshaveundergoneacorrespondingchange.ThisspeedingupoflifesaystheFuturistrequiresanewformofexpression.Wemustspeedupourliteraturetooifwewanttointerpretmodernstress.Wemustpouroutalargestreamofessentialwordsunhamperedbystopsorqualifyingadjectivesorfiniteverbs.Insteadofdescribingsoundswemustmakeupwordsthatimitatethem;wemustusemanysizesoftypeanddifferentcoloredinksonthesamepageandshortenorlengthenwordsatwill. Certainlytheirdescriptionsofbattlesareconfused.ButitisalittleupsettingtoreadintheexplanatorynotesthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheybothfallintotheriver--andthentofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers:Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms. ThisthoughitfulfillsthelawsandrequirementsofFuturistpoetrycanhardlybeclassedasLiterature.Allthesamenothinkingmancanrefusetoaccepttheirfirstproposition:thatagreatchangeinouremotionallifecallsforachangeofexpression.Thewholequestionisreallythis:haveweessentiallychanged Thispassageismainly__________.
YouareagraduateofHistory.Writealettertooneofyourcollegeprofessortorequestarecommendationlettertosupportyourapplicationforapositionwithapublishingcompany.Yourlettershouldcover: 1remindinghimofyouandyourperformance 2thingsyouhopetobereflectedinhisletterand 3thewayofmailingtheletter. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyournameattheendoftheletter.UseLiMinginstead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.10points
WiththestartofBBCWorldServiceTelevisionmillionsofviewersinAsiaandAmericacannowwatchtheCorporation’’snewscoverageaswellaslistentoit. AndofcourseinBritainlistenersandviewerscantuneintotwoBBCtelevisionchannelsfiveBBCnationalradioservicesanddozensoflocalradiostations.Theyarebroughtsportcomedydramamusicnewsandcurrentaffairseducationreligionparliamentarycoveragechildren’’sprogrammesandfilmsforanannualliceneefeeof￡83perhousehold. Itisaremarkablerecordstretchingbackover70years―yettheBBC’’sfutureisnowindoubt.TheCorporationwillsurviveasapublicly-fundedbroadcastingorganizationatleastforthetimebeingbutitsroleitssizeanditsprogrammesarenowthesubjectofanation-widedebateinBritain. ThedebatewaslaunchedbytheGovernmentwhichinvitedanyonewithanopinionoftheBBC―includingordinarylistenersandviewers―tosaywhatwasgoodorbadabouttheCorporationandevenwhethertheythoughtitwasworthkeeping.ThereasonforitsinquiryisthattheBBC’’sroyalcharterrunsoutin1996anditmustdecidewhethertokeeptheorganizationasitisortomakechanges. DefendersoftheCorporation―ofwhomtherearemany―arefondofquotingtheAmericansloganIfitain’’tbrokedon’’tfixit.TheBBCain’’tbroketheysaybywhichtheymeanitisnotbrokenasdistinctfromtheword’’broke’’meaninghavingnomoneysowhybothertochangeit YettheBBCwillhavetochangebecausethebroadcastingworldarounditischanging.ThecommercialTVchannels―ITVandChannel4―wererequiredbytheThatcherGovernment’’sBroadcastingActtobecomemorecommercialcompetingwitheachotherforadvertisersandcuttingcostsandjobs.Butitisthearrivalofnewsatellitechannels―fundedpartlybyadvertisingandpartlybyviewers’’subscriptions―whichwillbringaboutthebiggestchangesinthelongterm. TheBBC’’sroyalcharterline4paragraph4standsfor_________________.
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