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合欢的树皮入药称为
乳香没药入药皆用
树脂
根茎
种子
树皮
花粉
直接入药的中药粉末入药前应做什么检测项目
桂枝的入药部位是
树皮
根皮
枝条
嫩的枝条
吴茱萸的入药部位是
树皮
果实
根
叶
中药茯苓猪苓雷丸等种类的入药部位是
厚朴和树皮和根皮均作药材厚朴入药
杜仲为杜仲科多年生木本植物以干燥树皮入药具有等功效
白鲜的树皮入药称为白鲜皮
以动物的分泌物入药的中药有
将中药材去净杂质和非入药部分采用阳阴法干 燥后依照材料切成或咬碎成一定大小片经过炮制后以 达到可配方
中药制剂
中药饮片
中药材
中成药
简述动物类中药的入药情况
中药玄参的原植物应是和入药部位为地黄的入药药材名为
简述花类中药的入药情况
乳香没药的入药部位是
树脂
树皮
树根
树叶
树枝
马尾松可以入药的部位有
花粉
松香
松叶
树皮
肉桂的哪些部位可以入药
嫩枝
木质部
叶柄
果实
树皮
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Itisanastonishingfactthatthere arelawsofnaturerulesthatsummarizeconveniently-1 qualitativelybutquantitatively-howtheworldworks.Wemight 2auniverseinwhichtherearenosuchlawsinwhichthe 1080elementaryparticlesthat3auniverselikeourown behavewithutteranduncompromisingabandon.Tounderstandsuchauniversewe wouldneedabrain4asmassiveastheuniverse.It seems5thatsuchauniversecouldhavelifeand intelligencebecausebeingandbrains6somedegreeof internalstabilityandorder.But7inamuchmorerandom universethereweresuchbeingswithanintelligencemuch8 thanourowntherecouldnotbemuchknowledgepassionorjoy. 9forusweliveinauniversethathasatleast importantpartsthatareknowable.Ourcommon-senseexperienceandour evolutionaryhistoryhave10ustounderstandsomethingof theworkadayworld.Whenwegointootherrealmshowevercommonsenseand ordinaryintuition11highlyunreliableguides.Itis stunningthataswegoclosetothespeedoflightourmass12 indefinitelyweshrinktowardzerothickness13 thedirectionofmotionandtimeforuscomesasneartostoppingas wewouldlike.Manypeoplethinkthatthisissillyandeveryweek 14Igetaletterfromsomeonewhocomplainstomeaboutit. Butitisvirtuallycertainconsequencenotjustofexperimentbutalsoof AlbertEinstein’s15analysisofspaceandtimecalledthe SpecialTheoryofRelativity.Itdoesnotmatterthattheseeffectsseem unreasonabletous.Wearenot16thehabitoftraveling closetothespeedoflight.Thetestimonyofourcommonsenseissuspectat highvelocities.Theideathattheworldplacesrestrictions on17humansmightdoisfrustrating.Whyshouldn’twebe abletohaveintermediaterotationalpositionsWhycan’twe18 fasterthanthespeedoflightBut19wecan tellthisisthewaytheuniverseisconstructed.Suchprohibitionsnotonly 20ustowardalittlehumility;theyalsomaketheworldmore knowable.
Itisanastonishingfactthatthere arelawsofnaturerulesthatsummarizeconveniently-1 qualitativelybutquantitatively-howtheworldworks.Wemight 2auniverseinwhichtherearenosuchlawsinwhichthe 1080elementaryparticlesthat3auniverselikeourown behavewithutteranduncompromisingabandon.Tounderstandsuchauniversewe wouldneedabrain4asmassiveastheuniverse.It seems5thatsuchauniversecouldhavelifeand intelligencebecausebeingandbrains6somedegreeof internalstabilityandorder.But7inamuchmorerandom universethereweresuchbeingswithanintelligencemuch8 thanourowntherecouldnotbemuchknowledgepassionorjoy. 9forusweliveinauniversethathasatleast importantpartsthatareknowable.Ourcommon-senseexperienceandour evolutionaryhistoryhave10ustounderstandsomethingof theworkadayworld.Whenwegointootherrealmshowevercommonsenseand ordinaryintuition11highlyunreliableguides.Itis stunningthataswegoclosetothespeedoflightourmass12 indefinitelyweshrinktowardzerothickness13 thedirectionofmotionandtimeforuscomesasneartostoppingas wewouldlike.Manypeoplethinkthatthisissillyandeveryweek 14Igetaletterfromsomeonewhocomplainstomeaboutit. Butitisvirtuallycertainconsequencenotjustofexperimentbutalsoof AlbertEinstein’s15analysisofspaceandtimecalledthe SpecialTheoryofRelativity.Itdoesnotmatterthattheseeffectsseem unreasonabletous.Wearenot16thehabitoftraveling closetothespeedoflight.Thetestimonyofourcommonsenseissuspectat highvelocities.Theideathattheworldplacesrestrictions on17humansmightdoisfrustrating.Whyshouldn’twebe abletohaveintermediaterotationalpositionsWhycan’twe18 fasterthanthespeedoflightBut19wecan tellthisisthewaytheuniverseisconstructed.Suchprohibitionsnotonly 20ustowardalittlehumility;theyalsomaketheworldmore knowable.
Text2 Avarietyofsignificantattractive short-termbenefitswilldrivethedevelopmentofmodernself-sufficienthomes. Theseincludesecurityfromsevereweatherclimatechangesandnatural disasters;securityfrominfectiousdiseasesandrelatedhealthproblems;a freshandnutritiousdiet;adependablefoodsupply;andsecurityfromglobal unrest.ButtherealbenefitofEarthHomeswillbethe long-termsustainabilityofourplanet.Itshouldbenosecretthattheplanet isexperiencingunusualweatherandclimateabnormalities.The10hottestyears inrecordedhistoryhaveallbeeninthelast15years;the1990swerethe hottestdecadeonrecord.TheMidwesternheatwaveof1995killed669peoplein Chicago.In1996wehadaseasonofrecordheatspellsand1997wasthesingle wannestyearonrecord--until1998shatteredglobaltemperaturerecords. Record-hightemperaturesthroughoutthesouthernUnitedStatesduringthesummer of1998forcedtheshutdownofWaltDisneyWorld’swaterparksbecauseofthe threatofaviralencephalitisoutbreak.TheUnitedNationsandinsurersblame unusualweatherforthousandsofdeathsandbillionsofdollarsin damage.Manyscientistsagreethattheemissionsresultingfrom humanactivitiesaresubstantiallyincreasingtheatmosphericconcentrationof thegreenhousegases.Theseincreaseswillenhancethegreenhouseeffect resultinginwarmingoftheearth’ssurface.In1990scientistspredictedthat ifgreenhousegasemissionsarenotsharplydecreasedwemightexperiencea1C to3Criseinglobaltemperatures.Theysuggestedthatwewouldhavetocutin halfouruseofcoaloilandgasinordertolowerouremissionsenoughto maintainconcentrationsofgreenhousegasesatthecurrentlevels. Proofofwarningincludesadecreaseintheamountofsnowthatcoversthe NorthernHemisphereasimultaneousdecreaseinArcticseaicecontinued meltingofalpineglaciersandariseinsealevel.Rainhasevenbeenreported forthefirsttimeinAntarcticaandanice-freepatchofoceanaboutamile widehasrecentlyopenedneartheNorthPole.Meanwhilestudies haveshownthatthecarbondioxideconcentrationinouratmospherehasbeen steadilyincreasingsince1958.Eventhoughtherateofemissionsfromfossil fuelshasbeenreducedconcentrationhasrisenconsistently.In 1995thesizeoftheozoneholeoverAntarcticadoubledtoaboutthesizeof Europe.Forthefirsttimeinrecordedhistorytheholestretchedover populatedareasexposingresidentsinsouthernChileandArgentinatoveryhigh levelsofultravioletUVradiation.Studieshaveshownthata1%decreasein ozoneinthestratosphereproducesa2%increaseinUVradiationreachingthe groundposingmoreriskstohumans.Whichofthefollowingsufferedthegreatesteconomiclossinthe10hottestyears
Text3 Eatingbetterandmoreadventurouslyis becominganobsessionespeciallyamongpeoplewithmoneytospend.Healthier eating-andnot-so-healthyeating-aswellasthenumberandvarietyoffood choicesandvenuescontinuetoincreaseataneverquickeningpace. Globalizationisthemastertrendthatwilldrivetheworldoffoodinthe yearsahead.Consumerstravelingtheglobebothvirtuallyandinrealitywill beabletosweepupingredientspackagedfoodsrecipesandcookingtechniques fromeverycomeroftheearthatanever-intensifyingandacceleratingpace. Formerlyremoteingredientsandcookingstylesarecreatingawholenewculinary mosaicastheyaretransplantedandreinterpretedallovertheworld. Manyfactorsarebehindthisbutnonemoresothantheinfluenceofthe greatinternationalhotelchains.Virtuallyeverychefwhohasworkedfor HiltonWestinPeninsulaoranyothermajorchaingathersglobalexperiencein localesasdiverseasSingaporeNewOrleansTorontoandDubai.Ateachstop theycarryawaycookingideasandtechniquestheycananddouse elsewhere.Thistrendwillgainevengreatermomentumas ambitiousyoungadultsstaketheirownfuturesoninternationalizationtreating broaderfoodawayasanimportantaspectoftheirownadvancement.Youngpeople willneedknowledgeoffoodandingredientsfromdifferentcontinentsand culturesasoneaspectofsocializationenculturationculturalexchangeand success.Incountryaftercountrythereseemslittledoubtthatglobalcuisine willmakeitsbiggestinroadsamongtheyoungerset.Manyinthegenerationsnow comingofagewilltreatworld-rangingfoodknowledgeandexperienceaskey elementsinfurtheringtheirpersonalplansbusinessacumenandindividual growth.TheInternethasmadeglobalcontactsamatterof routine.Computernetworkingwillpermitchefsandothersinthefoodindustry includingconsumerstolinkdirectlywiththebestavailableauthoritiesin farawaynationssupplementingorbypassingsecondhandsourcesofinformation altogether.Timewithallitsimplicationswillalsobea factorinemergingworldfoodtrends.Moreandmoreofusaredestinedto operateonglobaltime-thatisatfulltilt24hoursaday.Thiswillbecome thenormforcompanieswithresourcesscatteredallovertheplanet.Beyondthe 24-hoursupermarketsmanyofusalreadytakeforgrantedtherewillalsobe three-shiftshoppingcentersopenatanyhour.Restaurantsinthegreatbusiness capitalsintentoncultivatinganinternationalclientelewillservemidnight breakfastsorbreak-of-dawndinnerswiththeappropriatewineswithoutraising asingleeyebrow.Fromthefirsttwoparagraphswecanlearnthatthetrendoffoodobsessionis______.
Asignificantportionofindustryandtransportationburns fossilfuelssuchasgasoline.Whenthesefuelsburnchemicalsandparticulate matterarereleasedintotheatmosphere.Althoughavastnumberofsubstances contributetoairpollutionthemostcommonairpollutantscontaincarbon sulfurandnitrogen.41__________.Acidrain formswhensulfurdioxideandnitrousoxidetransformintosulfuricacidand nitricacidintheatmosphereandcomebacktoEarthinprecipitation.Acidrain hasmadenumerouslakessoacidicthattheynolongersupportfish populations.42__________.Estimatessuggest thatnearly1.5billionpeopleworldwidelacksafedrinkingwaterandthatat least5milliondeathsperyearcanbeattributedtowaterbornediseases.Water pollutionmaycomefrompointsourcesornonpointsources.Pointsources dischargepollutantsfromspecificlocationssuchasfactoriessewage treatmentplantsandoiltankers.Thetechnologyexiststomonitorandregulate pointsourcesofpollutionalthoughinsomeareasthisoccursonly sporadically.Pollutionfromnonpointsourcesoccurswhenrainfallorsnowmelt movesoverandthroughtheground.43__________. Withalmost80percentoftheplanetcoveredbyoceanspeoplehavelong actedasifthosebodiesofwatercouldserveasalimitlessdumpinggroundfor wastes.Howeverrawsewagegarbageandoilspillshavebeguntooverwhelmthe dilutingcapabilitiesoftileoceansandmostcoastalwatersarenowpolluted threateningmarinewildlife.44__________. Waterthatcollectsbeneaththegroundiscalledgroundwater.Worldwide groundwateris40timesmoreabundantthanfreshwaterinstreamsandlakes.In theUnitedStatesapproximatelyhalfthedrinkingwatercomesfromgroundwater. Althoughgroundwaterisarenewableresourcereservesreplenishrelatively slowly.PresentlygroundwaterintheUnitedStatesiswithdrawnapproximately4 timesfasterthanitisnaturallyreplaced.45__________.A. Beachesaroundtheworldcloseregularlyoftenbecausethesurroundingwaters containhighlevelsofbacteriafromsewagedisposal.B.These chemicalsinteractwithoneanotherandwithultravioletradiationinsunlight indangerousways.Smogusuallyfoundinurbanareaswithlargenumbersof automobilesformswhennitrogenoxidesreactwithhydrocarbonsintheairto producealdehydesandketones.Smogcancauseserioushealthproblems. C.Acidrainisalsoresponsibleforthedeclineofmanyforest ecosystemsworldwideincludingGermany’sBlackForestandforeststhroughout theeasternUnitedStates.D.Inadditiontogroundwater depletionscientistsworryaboutgroundwatercontaminationwhicharisesfrom leakingundergroundstoragetankspoorlydesignedindustrialwastepondsand seepagefromthedeep-wellinjectionofhazardouswastesintounderground geologicformations.E.TheOgallalaAquiferahugeunderground reservoirstretchingundereightstatesoftheGreatPlainsisdrawndownat ratesexceeding100timesthereplacementrate.Agriculturalpracticesdepending onthissourceofwaterneedtochangewithinagenerationinordertosavethis groundwatersource.F.Astherunoffmovesitpicksupand carriesawaypollutantssuchaspesticidesandfertilizersdepositingthe pollutantsintolakesriverswetlandscoastalwatersandevenunderground sourcesofdrinkingwater.Pollutionarisingfromnonpointsourcesaccountsfor amajorityofthecontaminantsinstreamsandlakes.G.By someestimatesonaverage25percentofusablegroundwateriscontaminated andinsomeareasasmuchas75percentiscontaminated.
Asignificantportionofindustryandtransportationburns fossilfuelssuchasgasoline.Whenthesefuelsburnchemicalsandparticulate matterarereleasedintotheatmosphere.Althoughavastnumberofsubstances contributetoairpollutionthemostcommonairpollutantscontaincarbon sulfurandnitrogen.41__________.Acidrain formswhensulfurdioxideandnitrousoxidetransformintosulfuricacidand nitricacidintheatmosphereandcomebacktoEarthinprecipitation.Acidrain hasmadenumerouslakessoacidicthattheynolongersupportfish populations.42__________.Estimatessuggest thatnearly1.5billionpeopleworldwidelacksafedrinkingwaterandthatat least5milliondeathsperyearcanbeattributedtowaterbornediseases.Water pollutionmaycomefrompointsourcesornonpointsources.Pointsources dischargepollutantsfromspecificlocationssuchasfactoriessewage treatmentplantsandoiltankers.Thetechnologyexiststomonitorandregulate pointsourcesofpollutionalthoughinsomeareasthisoccursonly sporadically.Pollutionfromnonpointsourcesoccurswhenrainfallorsnowmelt movesoverandthroughtheground.43__________. Withalmost80percentoftheplanetcoveredbyoceanspeoplehavelong actedasifthosebodiesofwatercouldserveasalimitlessdumpinggroundfor wastes.Howeverrawsewagegarbageandoilspillshavebeguntooverwhelmthe dilutingcapabilitiesoftileoceansandmostcoastalwatersarenowpolluted threateningmarinewildlife.44__________. Waterthatcollectsbeneaththegroundiscalledgroundwater.Worldwide groundwateris40timesmoreabundantthanfreshwaterinstreamsandlakes.In theUnitedStatesapproximatelyhalfthedrinkingwatercomesfromgroundwater. Althoughgroundwaterisarenewableresourcereservesreplenishrelatively slowly.PresentlygroundwaterintheUnitedStatesiswithdrawnapproximately4 timesfasterthanitisnaturallyreplaced.45__________.A. Beachesaroundtheworldcloseregularlyoftenbecausethesurroundingwaters containhighlevelsofbacteriafromsewagedisposal.B.These chemicalsinteractwithoneanotherandwithultravioletradiationinsunlight indangerousways.Smogusuallyfoundinurbanareaswithlargenumbersof automobilesformswhennitrogenoxidesreactwithhydrocarbonsintheairto producealdehydesandketones.Smogcancauseserioushealthproblems. C.Acidrainisalsoresponsibleforthedeclineofmanyforest ecosystemsworldwideincludingGermany’sBlackForestandforeststhroughout theeasternUnitedStates.D.Inadditiontogroundwater depletionscientistsworryaboutgroundwatercontaminationwhicharisesfrom leakingundergroundstoragetankspoorlydesignedindustrialwastepondsand seepagefromthedeep-wellinjectionofhazardouswastesintounderground geologicformations.E.TheOgallalaAquiferahugeunderground reservoirstretchingundereightstatesoftheGreatPlainsisdrawndownat ratesexceeding100timesthereplacementrate.Agriculturalpracticesdepending onthissourceofwaterneedtochangewithinagenerationinordertosavethis groundwatersource.F.Astherunoffmovesitpicksupand carriesawaypollutantssuchaspesticidesandfertilizersdepositingthe pollutantsintolakesriverswetlandscoastalwatersandevenunderground sourcesofdrinkingwater.Pollutionarisingfromnonpointsourcesaccountsfor amajorityofthecontaminantsinstreamsandlakes.G.By someestimatesonaverage25percentofusablegroundwateriscontaminated andinsomeareasasmuchas75percentiscontaminated.
Itisanastonishingfactthatthere arelawsofnaturerulesthatsummarizeconveniently-1 qualitativelybutquantitatively-howtheworldworks.Wemight 2auniverseinwhichtherearenosuchlawsinwhichthe 1080elementaryparticlesthat3auniverselikeourown behavewithutteranduncompromisingabandon.Tounderstandsuchauniversewe wouldneedabrain4asmassiveastheuniverse.It seems5thatsuchauniversecouldhavelifeand intelligencebecausebeingandbrains6somedegreeof internalstabilityandorder.But7inamuchmorerandom universethereweresuchbeingswithanintelligencemuch8 thanourowntherecouldnotbemuchknowledgepassionorjoy. 9forusweliveinauniversethathasatleast importantpartsthatareknowable.Ourcommon-senseexperienceandour evolutionaryhistoryhave10ustounderstandsomethingof theworkadayworld.Whenwegointootherrealmshowevercommonsenseand ordinaryintuition11highlyunreliableguides.Itis stunningthataswegoclosetothespeedoflightourmass12 indefinitelyweshrinktowardzerothickness13 thedirectionofmotionandtimeforuscomesasneartostoppingas wewouldlike.Manypeoplethinkthatthisissillyandeveryweek 14Igetaletterfromsomeonewhocomplainstomeaboutit. Butitisvirtuallycertainconsequencenotjustofexperimentbutalsoof AlbertEinstein’s15analysisofspaceandtimecalledthe SpecialTheoryofRelativity.Itdoesnotmatterthattheseeffectsseem unreasonabletous.Wearenot16thehabitoftraveling closetothespeedoflight.Thetestimonyofourcommonsenseissuspectat highvelocities.Theideathattheworldplacesrestrictions on17humansmightdoisfrustrating.Whyshouldn’twebe abletohaveintermediaterotationalpositionsWhycan’twe18 fasterthanthespeedoflightBut19wecan tellthisisthewaytheuniverseisconstructed.Suchprohibitionsnotonly 20ustowardalittlehumility;theyalsomaketheworldmore knowable.
Text3 Eatingbetterandmoreadventurouslyis becominganobsessionespeciallyamongpeoplewithmoneytospend.Healthier eating-andnot-so-healthyeating-aswellasthenumberandvarietyoffood choicesandvenuescontinuetoincreaseataneverquickeningpace. Globalizationisthemastertrendthatwilldrivetheworldoffoodinthe yearsahead.Consumerstravelingtheglobebothvirtuallyandinrealitywill beabletosweepupingredientspackagedfoodsrecipesandcookingtechniques fromeverycomeroftheearthatanever-intensifyingandacceleratingpace. Formerlyremoteingredientsandcookingstylesarecreatingawholenewculinary mosaicastheyaretransplantedandreinterpretedallovertheworld. Manyfactorsarebehindthisbutnonemoresothantheinfluenceofthe greatinternationalhotelchains.Virtuallyeverychefwhohasworkedfor HiltonWestinPeninsulaoranyothermajorchaingathersglobalexperiencein localesasdiverseasSingaporeNewOrleansTorontoandDubai.Ateachstop theycarryawaycookingideasandtechniquestheycananddouse elsewhere.Thistrendwillgainevengreatermomentumas ambitiousyoungadultsstaketheirownfuturesoninternationalizationtreating broaderfoodawayasanimportantaspectoftheirownadvancement.Youngpeople willneedknowledgeoffoodandingredientsfromdifferentcontinentsand culturesasoneaspectofsocializationenculturationculturalexchangeand success.Incountryaftercountrythereseemslittledoubtthatglobalcuisine willmakeitsbiggestinroadsamongtheyoungerset.Manyinthegenerationsnow comingofagewilltreatworld-rangingfoodknowledgeandexperienceaskey elementsinfurtheringtheirpersonalplansbusinessacumenandindividual growth.TheInternethasmadeglobalcontactsamatterof routine.Computernetworkingwillpermitchefsandothersinthefoodindustry includingconsumerstolinkdirectlywiththebestavailableauthoritiesin farawaynationssupplementingorbypassingsecondhandsourcesofinformation altogether.Timewithallitsimplicationswillalsobea factorinemergingworldfoodtrends.Moreandmoreofusaredestinedto operateonglobaltime-thatisatfulltilt24hoursaday.Thiswillbecome thenormforcompanieswithresourcesscatteredallovertheplanet.Beyondthe 24-hoursupermarketsmanyofusalreadytakeforgrantedtherewillalsobe three-shiftshoppingcentersopenatanyhour.Restaurantsinthegreatbusiness capitalsintentoncultivatinganinternationalclientelewillservemidnight breakfastsorbreak-of-dawndinnerswiththeappropriatewineswithoutraising asingleeyebrow.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe______.
Asignificantportionofindustryandtransportationburns fossilfuelssuchasgasoline.Whenthesefuelsburnchemicalsandparticulate matterarereleasedintotheatmosphere.Althoughavastnumberofsubstances contributetoairpollutionthemostcommonairpollutantscontaincarbon sulfurandnitrogen.41__________.Acidrain formswhensulfurdioxideandnitrousoxidetransformintosulfuricacidand nitricacidintheatmosphereandcomebacktoEarthinprecipitation.Acidrain hasmadenumerouslakessoacidicthattheynolongersupportfish populations.42__________.Estimatessuggest thatnearly1.5billionpeopleworldwidelacksafedrinkingwaterandthatat least5milliondeathsperyearcanbeattributedtowaterbornediseases.Water pollutionmaycomefrompointsourcesornonpointsources.Pointsources dischargepollutantsfromspecificlocationssuchasfactoriessewage treatmentplantsandoiltankers.Thetechnologyexiststomonitorandregulate pointsourcesofpollutionalthoughinsomeareasthisoccursonly sporadically.Pollutionfromnonpointsourcesoccurswhenrainfallorsnowmelt movesoverandthroughtheground.43__________. Withalmost80percentoftheplanetcoveredbyoceanspeoplehavelong actedasifthosebodiesofwatercouldserveasalimitlessdumpinggroundfor wastes.Howeverrawsewagegarbageandoilspillshavebeguntooverwhelmthe dilutingcapabilitiesoftileoceansandmostcoastalwatersarenowpolluted threateningmarinewildlife.44__________. Waterthatcollectsbeneaththegroundiscalledgroundwater.Worldwide groundwateris40timesmoreabundantthanfreshwaterinstreamsandlakes.In theUnitedStatesapproximatelyhalfthedrinkingwatercomesfromgroundwater. Althoughgroundwaterisarenewableresourcereservesreplenishrelatively slowly.PresentlygroundwaterintheUnitedStatesiswithdrawnapproximately4 timesfasterthanitisnaturallyreplaced.45__________.A. Beachesaroundtheworldcloseregularlyoftenbecausethesurroundingwaters containhighlevelsofbacteriafromsewagedisposal.B.These chemicalsinteractwithoneanotherandwithultravioletradiationinsunlight indangerousways.Smogusuallyfoundinurbanareaswithlargenumbersof automobilesformswhennitrogenoxidesreactwithhydrocarbonsintheairto producealdehydesandketones.Smogcancauseserioushealthproblems. C.Acidrainisalsoresponsibleforthedeclineofmanyforest ecosystemsworldwideincludingGermany’sBlackForestandforeststhroughout theeasternUnitedStates.D.Inadditiontogroundwater depletionscientistsworryaboutgroundwatercontaminationwhicharisesfrom leakingundergroundstoragetankspoorlydesignedindustrialwastepondsand seepagefromthedeep-wellinjectionofhazardouswastesintounderground geologicformations.E.TheOgallalaAquiferahugeunderground reservoirstretchingundereightstatesoftheGreatPlainsisdrawndownat ratesexceeding100timesthereplacementrate.Agriculturalpracticesdepending onthissourceofwaterneedtochangewithinagenerationinordertosavethis groundwatersource.F.Astherunoffmovesitpicksupand carriesawaypollutantssuchaspesticidesandfertilizersdepositingthe pollutantsintolakesriverswetlandscoastalwatersandevenunderground sourcesofdrinkingwater.Pollutionarisingfromnonpointsourcesaccountsfor amajorityofthecontaminantsinstreamsandlakes.G.By someestimatesonaverage25percentofusablegroundwateriscontaminated andinsomeareasasmuchas75percentiscontaminated.
Text4 Thetelecityisacitywhoselife directionandfunctioningarelargelyshapedbytelecommunications.Inthe twenty-firstcentury;citieswillbebasedmoreandmoreonaneconomythatis dependentonservicesandintellectualproperty.Telecommunicationsand informationnetworkswilldefineacity’sarchitectureshapeandcharacter. Proximityinthetelecitywillbedefinedbythespeedandbandwidthofnetworks asmuchasbygeographicalpropinquity.IntheageofthetelecityNewYork andSingaporemaybecloserthansayNewYorkandArkadelphia Arkansas.Telecitieswillsupersedemegacitiesforseveral reasonsincludingthedrivetowardcleanairreducingpollutionenergy conservationmorejobsbasedonservicesandcopingwiththehighcostof urbanproperty.Nowwemustaddtheneedtocopewithterroristthreatsina high-technologyworld.Westernmind-setswereclearlyjoltedin thewakeoftheterroristattackontheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkCityand attacksinIndonesiaSaudiArabiaandelsewhere.Buttherisksposedby twentieth-centurypatternsofurbanizationandarchitecturehaveyettoregister fullywithpoliticalfiguresandleadersofindustry.ThePentagonforexample hasbeenrebuiltinsituationratherthandistributedtomultiplelocationsand connectedbysecurelandlinesandbroadbandwirelesssystems.Likewisethe reconstructionoftheWorldTradeCentercomplexstillrepresentsamassive concentrationofhumanityandinfrastructure.Thisisaremarkablyshortsighted anddangerousvisionofthefuture.Thesecurityriskseconomic expensesandenvironmentalhazardsofovercentralizationareeverywhereand theydonotstopwithskyscrapersandlargegovernmentalstructures.Thereare risksalsoatseaportsandairportsinfoodandwatersuppliesatnuclear powerplantsandhydroelectricturbinesatmajordamsintransportation systemsandininformationandcommunicationssystems.This vulnerabilityappliesnotonlytoterroristthreatsbutalsotohumanerror suchassystem-wideblackoutsinNorthAmericainAugust2003andinItalyin September2003andnaturaldisasterssuchastyphoonshurricanesfloodsand earthquakes.Leadersandplannersareonlyslowlybecomingawarethatover centralizedfacilitiesarethemostvulnerabletoattackorcatastrophic destruction.Thereisalsogrowingawarenessthatnewbroadband electronicsystemsnowallowgovernmentsandcorporationstosafeguardtheirkey assetsandpeopleinnewandinnovativeways.Sofarcorporationshavebeen quickesttoadjusttothesenewrealitiesandsomegovernmentshavebegunto adjustaswell.TheadvantageoftelecitiesovermegacitiesmayincludeallthefollowingEXCEPT______.
Text1 Peopleinbusinesscanuseforesightto identifynewproductsandservicesaswellasmarketsforthoseproductsand services.Anincreaseinminoritypopulationsinaneighborhoodwouldprompta grocerwithforesighttostockmorefoodslinkedtoethnictastes.Anartmuseum directorwithforesightmightfollowtrendsincomputergraphicstomake exhibitsmoreappealingtoyoungervisitors.Foresightmay revealpotentialthreatsthatwecanpreparetodealwithbeforetheybecome crises.Forinstanceacorporatemanagerwithforesightmightseeanalarming riseinlocalhousingpricesthatcouldaffecttheavailabilityofskilled workersintheregion.Thepublic’schangingvaluesandprioritiesaswellas emergingtechnologiesdemographicshiftseconomicconstraintsor opportunitiesandenvironmentalandresourceconcernsareallpartsofthe increasinglycomplexworldsysteminwhichleadersmustlead. Peopleingovernmentalsoneedforesighttokeepsystemsrunningsmoothly toplanbudgetsandtopreventwars.Governmentleaderstodaymustdealwitha hostofnewproblemsemergingfromrapidadvancesintechnology. Evenatthecommunitylevelforesightiscritical:Schoolofficialsfor exampleneedforesighttoassessnumbersofstudentstoaccommodatenumbersof teacherstohireneweducationaltechnologiestodeployandnewskillsfor studentsandtheirteacherstodevelop.Manyofthebest-known techniquesforforesightweredevelopedbygovernmentplannersespeciallyin themilitarywhenthepost-WorldWarIIatomicagemadeitcriticaltothink abouttheunthinkableandprepareforit.PioneeringfuturistsattheRAND Corporationthefirstthinktankbeganseriouslyconsideringwhatnew technologiesmightemergeinthefutureandhowthesemightaffectU.S. security.ThesepioneeringfuturistsatRANDalongwithotherselsewhere refinedavarietyofnewwaysforthinkingaboutthefuture.The futuristsrecognizedthatthefutureworldiscontinuouswiththepresentworld sowecanlearnagreatdealaboutwhatmayhappeninthefuturebylooking systematicallyatwhatishappeningnow.Thekeythingtowatchisnotevents suddendevelopmentsorone-dayoccurrencesbuttrendslong-termongoingshifts insuchthingsaspopulationlandusetechnologyandgovernmentalsystems .Usingthesetechniquesandmanyothersfuturistsnowcantell usmanythingsthatmayhappeninthefuture.Somearenearlycertaintohappen suchasthecontinuingexpansionintheworld’spopulation.Othereventsare viewedasfarlesslikelybutcouldbeextremelyimportantiftheydooccur suchasanasteroidcollidingwiththeplanet.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe______.
Itisanastonishingfactthatthere arelawsofnaturerulesthatsummarizeconveniently-1 qualitativelybutquantitatively-howtheworldworks.Wemight 2auniverseinwhichtherearenosuchlawsinwhichthe 1080elementaryparticlesthat3auniverselikeourown behavewithutteranduncompromisingabandon.Tounderstandsuchauniversewe wouldneedabrain4asmassiveastheuniverse.It seems5thatsuchauniversecouldhavelifeand intelligencebecausebeingandbrains6somedegreeof internalstabilityandorder.But7inamuchmorerandom universethereweresuchbeingswithanintelligencemuch8 thanourowntherecouldnotbemuchknowledgepassionorjoy. 9forusweliveinauniversethathasatleast importantpartsthatareknowable.Ourcommon-senseexperienceandour evolutionaryhistoryhave10ustounderstandsomethingof theworkadayworld.Whenwegointootherrealmshowevercommonsenseand ordinaryintuition11highlyunreliableguides.Itis stunningthataswegoclosetothespeedoflightourmass12 indefinitelyweshrinktowardzerothickness13 thedirectionofmotionandtimeforuscomesasneartostoppingas wewouldlike.Manypeoplethinkthatthisissillyandeveryweek 14Igetaletterfromsomeonewhocomplainstomeaboutit. Butitisvirtuallycertainconsequencenotjustofexperimentbutalsoof AlbertEinstein’s15analysisofspaceandtimecalledthe SpecialTheoryofRelativity.Itdoesnotmatterthattheseeffectsseem unreasonabletous.Wearenot16thehabitoftraveling closetothespeedoflight.Thetestimonyofourcommonsenseissuspectat highvelocities.Theideathattheworldplacesrestrictions on17humansmightdoisfrustrating.Whyshouldn’twebe abletohaveintermediaterotationalpositionsWhycan’twe18 fasterthanthespeedoflightBut19wecan tellthisisthewaytheuniverseisconstructed.Suchprohibitionsnotonly 20ustowardalittlehumility;theyalsomaketheworldmore knowable.
Text4 Thetelecityisacitywhoselife directionandfunctioningarelargelyshapedbytelecommunications.Inthe twenty-firstcentury;citieswillbebasedmoreandmoreonaneconomythatis dependentonservicesandintellectualproperty.Telecommunicationsand informationnetworkswilldefineacity’sarchitectureshapeandcharacter. Proximityinthetelecitywillbedefinedbythespeedandbandwidthofnetworks asmuchasbygeographicalpropinquity.IntheageofthetelecityNewYork andSingaporemaybecloserthansayNewYorkandArkadelphia Arkansas.Telecitieswillsupersedemegacitiesforseveral reasonsincludingthedrivetowardcleanairreducingpollutionenergy conservationmorejobsbasedonservicesandcopingwiththehighcostof urbanproperty.Nowwemustaddtheneedtocopewithterroristthreatsina high-technologyworld.Westernmind-setswereclearlyjoltedin thewakeoftheterroristattackontheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkCityand attacksinIndonesiaSaudiArabiaandelsewhere.Buttherisksposedby twentieth-centurypatternsofurbanizationandarchitecturehaveyettoregister fullywithpoliticalfiguresandleadersofindustry.ThePentagonforexample hasbeenrebuiltinsituationratherthandistributedtomultiplelocationsand connectedbysecurelandlinesandbroadbandwirelesssystems.Likewisethe reconstructionoftheWorldTradeCentercomplexstillrepresentsamassive concentrationofhumanityandinfrastructure.Thisisaremarkablyshortsighted anddangerousvisionofthefuture.Thesecurityriskseconomic expensesandenvironmentalhazardsofovercentralizationareeverywhereand theydonotstopwithskyscrapersandlargegovernmentalstructures.Thereare risksalsoatseaportsandairportsinfoodandwatersuppliesatnuclear powerplantsandhydroelectricturbinesatmajordamsintransportation systemsandininformationandcommunicationssystems.This vulnerabilityappliesnotonlytoterroristthreatsbutalsotohumanerror suchassystem-wideblackoutsinNorthAmericainAugust2003andinItalyin September2003andnaturaldisasterssuchastyphoonshurricanesfloodsand earthquakes.Leadersandplannersareonlyslowlybecomingawarethatover centralizedfacilitiesarethemostvulnerabletoattackorcatastrophic destruction.Thereisalsogrowingawarenessthatnewbroadband electronicsystemsnowallowgovernmentsandcorporationstosafeguardtheirkey assetsandpeopleinnewandinnovativeways.Sofarcorporationshavebeen quickesttoadjusttothesenewrealitiesandsomegovernmentshavebegunto adjustaswell.JudgingfromthecontextthewordtheyLine2Para.4refersto______.
Text1 Peopleinbusinesscanuseforesightto identifynewproductsandservicesaswellasmarketsforthoseproductsand services.Anincreaseinminoritypopulationsinaneighborhoodwouldprompta grocerwithforesighttostockmorefoodslinkedtoethnictastes.Anartmuseum directorwithforesightmightfollowtrendsincomputergraphicstomake exhibitsmoreappealingtoyoungervisitors.Foresightmay revealpotentialthreatsthatwecanpreparetodealwithbeforetheybecome crises.Forinstanceacorporatemanagerwithforesightmightseeanalarming riseinlocalhousingpricesthatcouldaffecttheavailabilityofskilled workersintheregion.Thepublic’schangingvaluesandprioritiesaswellas emergingtechnologiesdemographicshiftseconomicconstraintsor opportunitiesandenvironmentalandresourceconcernsareallpartsofthe increasinglycomplexworldsysteminwhichleadersmustlead. Peopleingovernmentalsoneedforesighttokeepsystemsrunningsmoothly toplanbudgetsandtopreventwars.Governmentleaderstodaymustdealwitha hostofnewproblemsemergingfromrapidadvancesintechnology. Evenatthecommunitylevelforesightiscritical:Schoolofficialsfor exampleneedforesighttoassessnumbersofstudentstoaccommodatenumbersof teacherstohireneweducationaltechnologiestodeployandnewskillsfor studentsandtheirteacherstodevelop.Manyofthebest-known techniquesforforesightweredevelopedbygovernmentplannersespeciallyin themilitarywhenthepost-WorldWarIIatomicagemadeitcriticaltothink abouttheunthinkableandprepareforit.PioneeringfuturistsattheRAND Corporationthefirstthinktankbeganseriouslyconsideringwhatnew technologiesmightemergeinthefutureandhowthesemightaffectU.S. security.ThesepioneeringfuturistsatRANDalongwithotherselsewhere refinedavarietyofnewwaysforthinkingaboutthefuture.The futuristsrecognizedthatthefutureworldiscontinuouswiththepresentworld sowecanlearnagreatdealaboutwhatmayhappeninthefuturebylooking systematicallyatwhatishappeningnow.Thekeythingtowatchisnotevents suddendevelopmentsorone-dayoccurrencesbuttrendslong-termongoingshifts insuchthingsaspopulationlandusetechnologyandgovernmentalsystems .Usingthesetechniquesandmanyothersfuturistsnowcantell usmanythingsthatmayhappeninthefuture.Somearenearlycertaintohappen suchasthecontinuingexpansionintheworld’spopulation.Othereventsare viewedasfarlesslikelybutcouldbeextremelyimportantiftheydooccur suchasanasteroidcollidingwiththeplanet.Correctlyexercisingforesightisshowninthecaseof______.
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections: Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby choosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text 1 Peopleinbusinesscanuseforesightto identifynewproductsandservicesaswellasmarketsforthoseproductsand services.Anincreaseinminoritypopulationsinaneighborhoodwouldprompta grocerwithforesighttostockmorefoodslinkedtoethnictastes.Anartmuseum directorwithforesightmightfollowtrendsincomputergraphicstomake exhibitsmoreappealingtoyoungervisitors.Foresightmay revealpotentialthreatsthatwecanpreparetodealwithbeforetheybecome crises.Forinstanceacorporatemanagerwithforesightmightseeanalarming riseinlocalhousingpricesthatcouldaffecttheavailabilityofskilled workersintheregion.Thepublic’schangingvaluesandprioritiesaswellas emergingtechnologiesdemographicshiftseconomicconstraintsor opportunitiesandenvironmentalandresourceconcernsareallpartsofthe increasinglycomplexworldsysteminwhichleadersmustlead. Peopleingovernmentalsoneedforesighttokeepsystemsrunningsmoothly toplanbudgetsandtopreventwars.Governmentleaderstodaymustdealwitha hostofnewproblemsemergingfromrapidadvancesintechnology. Evenatthecommunitylevelforesightiscritical:Schoolofficialsfor exampleneedforesighttoassessnumbersofstudentstoaccommodatenumbersof teacherstohireneweducationaltechnologiestodeployandnewskillsfor studentsandtheirteacherstodevelop.Manyofthebest-known techniquesforforesightweredevelopedbygovernmentplannersespeciallyin themilitarywhenthepost-WorldWarIIatomicagemadeitcriticaltothink abouttheunthinkableandprepareforit.PioneeringfuturistsattheRAND Corporationthefirstthinktankbeganseriouslyconsideringwhatnew technologiesmightemergeinthefutureandhowthesemightaffectU.S. security.ThesepioneeringfuturistsatRANDalongwithotherselsewhere refinedavarietyofnewwaysforthinkingaboutthefuture.The futuristsrecognizedthatthefutureworldiscontinuouswiththepresentworld sowecanlearnagreatdealaboutwhatmayhappeninthefuturebylooking systematicallyatwhatishappeningnow.Thekeythingtowatchisnotevents suddendevelopmentsorone-dayoccurrencesbuttrendslong-termongoingshifts insuchthingsaspopulationlandusetechnologyandgovernmentalsystems .Usingthesetechniquesandmanyothersfuturistsnowcantell usmanythingsthatmayhappeninthefuture.Somearenearlycertaintohappen suchasthecontinuingexpansionintheworld’spopulation.Othereventsare viewedasfarlesslikelybutcouldbeextremelyimportantiftheydooccur suchasanasteroidcollidingwiththeplanet.Whichofthefollowingmayberegardedaspotentialcrises
Text2 Avarietyofsignificantattractive short-termbenefitswilldrivethedevelopmentofmodernself-sufficienthomes. Theseincludesecurityfromsevereweatherclimatechangesandnatural disasters;securityfrominfectiousdiseasesandrelatedhealthproblems;a freshandnutritiousdiet;adependablefoodsupply;andsecurityfromglobal unrest.ButtherealbenefitofEarthHomeswillbethe long-termsustainabilityofourplanet.Itshouldbenosecretthattheplanet isexperiencingunusualweatherandclimateabnormalities.The10hottestyears inrecordedhistoryhaveallbeeninthelast15years;the1990swerethe hottestdecadeonrecord.TheMidwesternheatwaveof1995killed669peoplein Chicago.In1996wehadaseasonofrecordheatspellsand1997wasthesingle wannestyearonrecord--until1998shatteredglobaltemperaturerecords. Record-hightemperaturesthroughoutthesouthernUnitedStatesduringthesummer of1998forcedtheshutdownofWaltDisneyWorld’swaterparksbecauseofthe threatofaviralencephalitisoutbreak.TheUnitedNationsandinsurersblame unusualweatherforthousandsofdeathsandbillionsofdollarsin damage.Manyscientistsagreethattheemissionsresultingfrom humanactivitiesaresubstantiallyincreasingtheatmosphericconcentrationof thegreenhousegases.Theseincreaseswillenhancethegreenhouseeffect resultinginwarmingoftheearth’ssurface.In1990scientistspredictedthat ifgreenhousegasemissionsarenotsharplydecreasedwemightexperiencea1C to3Criseinglobaltemperatures.Theysuggestedthatwewouldhavetocutin halfouruseofcoaloilandgasinordertolowerouremissionsenoughto maintainconcentrationsofgreenhousegasesatthecurrentlevels. Proofofwarningincludesadecreaseintheamountofsnowthatcoversthe NorthernHemisphereasimultaneousdecreaseinArcticseaicecontinued meltingofalpineglaciersandariseinsealevel.Rainhasevenbeenreported forthefirsttimeinAntarcticaandanice-freepatchofoceanaboutamile widehasrecentlyopenedneartheNorthPole.Meanwhilestudies haveshownthatthecarbondioxideconcentrationinouratmospherehasbeen steadilyincreasingsince1958.Eventhoughtherateofemissionsfromfossil fuelshasbeenreducedconcentrationhasrisenconsistently.In 1995thesizeoftheozoneholeoverAntarcticadoubledtoaboutthesizeof Europe.Forthefirsttimeinrecordedhistorytheholestretchedover populatedareasexposingresidentsinsouthernChileandArgentinatoveryhigh levelsofultravioletUVradiation.Studieshaveshownthata1%decreasein ozoneinthestratosphereproducesa2%increaseinUVradiationreachingthe groundposingmoreriskstohumans.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.
Itisanastonishingfactthatthere arelawsofnaturerulesthatsummarizeconveniently-1 qualitativelybutquantitatively-howtheworldworks.Wemight 2auniverseinwhichtherearenosuchlawsinwhichthe 1080elementaryparticlesthat3auniverselikeourown behavewithutteranduncompromisingabandon.Tounderstandsuchauniversewe wouldneedabrain4asmassiveastheuniverse.It seems5thatsuchauniversecouldhavelifeand intelligencebecausebeingandbrains6somedegreeof internalstabilityandorder.But7inamuchmorerandom universethereweresuchbeingswithanintelligencemuch8 thanourowntherecouldnotbemuchknowledgepassionorjoy. 9forusweliveinauniversethathasatleast importantpartsthatareknowable.Ourcommon-senseexperienceandour evolutionaryhistoryhave10ustounderstandsomethingof theworkadayworld.Whenwegointootherrealmshowevercommonsenseand ordinaryintuition11highlyunreliableguides.Itis stunningthataswegoclosetothespeedoflightourmass12 indefinitelyweshrinktowardzerothickness13 thedirectionofmotionandtimeforuscomesasneartostoppingas wewouldlike.Manypeoplethinkthatthisissillyandeveryweek 14Igetaletterfromsomeonewhocomplainstomeaboutit. Butitisvirtuallycertainconsequencenotjustofexperimentbutalsoof AlbertEinstein’s15analysisofspaceandtimecalledthe SpecialTheoryofRelativity.Itdoesnotmatterthattheseeffectsseem unreasonabletous.Wearenot16thehabitoftraveling closetothespeedoflight.Thetestimonyofourcommonsenseissuspectat highvelocities.Theideathattheworldplacesrestrictions on17humansmightdoisfrustrating.Whyshouldn’twebe abletohaveintermediaterotationalpositionsWhycan’twe18 fasterthanthespeedoflightBut19wecan tellthisisthewaytheuniverseisconstructed.Suchprohibitionsnotonly 20ustowardalittlehumility;theyalsomaketheworldmore knowable.
Text1 Peopleinbusinesscanuseforesightto identifynewproductsandservicesaswellasmarketsforthoseproductsand services.Anincreaseinminoritypopulationsinaneighborhoodwouldprompta grocerwithforesighttostockmorefoodslinkedtoethnictastes.Anartmuseum directorwithforesightmightfollowtrendsincomputergraphicstomake exhibitsmoreappealingtoyoungervisitors.Foresightmay revealpotentialthreatsthatwecanpreparetodealwithbeforetheybecome crises.Forinstanceacorporatemanagerwithforesightmightseeanalarming riseinlocalhousingpricesthatcouldaffecttheavailabilityofskilled workersintheregion.Thepublic’schangingvaluesandprioritiesaswellas emergingtechnologiesdemographicshiftseconomicconstraintsor opportunitiesandenvironmentalandresourceconcernsareallpartsofthe increasinglycomplexworldsysteminwhichleadersmustlead. Peopleingovernmentalsoneedforesighttokeepsystemsrunningsmoothly toplanbudgetsandtopreventwars.Governmentleaderstodaymustdealwitha hostofnewproblemsemergingfromrapidadvancesintechnology. Evenatthecommunitylevelforesightiscritical:Schoolofficialsfor exampleneedforesighttoassessnumbersofstudentstoaccommodatenumbersof teacherstohireneweducationaltechnologiestodeployandnewskillsfor studentsandtheirteacherstodevelop.Manyofthebest-known techniquesforforesightweredevelopedbygovernmentplannersespeciallyin themilitarywhenthepost-WorldWarIIatomicagemadeitcriticaltothink abouttheunthinkableandprepareforit.PioneeringfuturistsattheRAND Corporationthefirstthinktankbeganseriouslyconsideringwhatnew technologiesmightemergeinthefutureandhowthesemightaffectU.S. security.ThesepioneeringfuturistsatRANDalongwithotherselsewhere refinedavarietyofnewwaysforthinkingaboutthefuture.The futuristsrecognizedthatthefutureworldiscontinuouswiththepresentworld sowecanlearnagreatdealaboutwhatmayhappeninthefuturebylooking systematicallyatwhatishappeningnow.Thekeythingtowatchisnotevents suddendevelopmentsorone-dayoccurrencesbuttrendslong-termongoingshifts insuchthingsaspopulationlandusetechnologyandgovernmentalsystems .Usingthesetechniquesandmanyothersfuturistsnowcantell usmanythingsthatmayhappeninthefuture.Somearenearlycertaintohappen suchasthecontinuingexpansionintheworld’spopulation.Othereventsare viewedasfarlesslikelybutcouldbeextremelyimportantiftheydooccur suchasanasteroidcollidingwiththeplanet.AllthefollowingarecitedasexamplesoftheimportanceofexercisingforesightEXCEPT______.
Text3 Eatingbetterandmoreadventurouslyis becominganobsessionespeciallyamongpeoplewithmoneytospend.Healthier eating-andnot-so-healthyeating-aswellasthenumberandvarietyoffood choicesandvenuescontinuetoincreaseataneverquickeningpace. Globalizationisthemastertrendthatwilldrivetheworldoffoodinthe yearsahead.Consumerstravelingtheglobebothvirtuallyandinrealitywill beabletosweepupingredientspackagedfoodsrecipesandcookingtechniques fromeverycomeroftheearthatanever-intensifyingandacceleratingpace. Formerlyremoteingredientsandcookingstylesarecreatingawholenewculinary mosaicastheyaretransplantedandreinterpretedallovertheworld. Manyfactorsarebehindthisbutnonemoresothantheinfluenceofthe greatinternationalhotelchains.Virtuallyeverychefwhohasworkedfor HiltonWestinPeninsulaoranyothermajorchaingathersglobalexperiencein localesasdiverseasSingaporeNewOrleansTorontoandDubai.Ateachstop theycarryawaycookingideasandtechniquestheycananddouse elsewhere.Thistrendwillgainevengreatermomentumas ambitiousyoungadultsstaketheirownfuturesoninternationalizationtreating broaderfoodawayasanimportantaspectoftheirownadvancement.Youngpeople willneedknowledgeoffoodandingredientsfromdifferentcontinentsand culturesasoneaspectofsocializationenculturationculturalexchangeand success.Incountryaftercountrythereseemslittledoubtthatglobalcuisine willmakeitsbiggestinroadsamongtheyoungerset.Manyinthegenerationsnow comingofagewilltreatworld-rangingfoodknowledgeandexperienceaskey elementsinfurtheringtheirpersonalplansbusinessacumenandindividual growth.TheInternethasmadeglobalcontactsamatterof routine.Computernetworkingwillpermitchefsandothersinthefoodindustry includingconsumerstolinkdirectlywiththebestavailableauthoritiesin farawaynationssupplementingorbypassingsecondhandsourcesofinformation altogether.Timewithallitsimplicationswillalsobea factorinemergingworldfoodtrends.Moreandmoreofusaredestinedto operateonglobaltime-thatisatfulltilt24hoursaday.Thiswillbecome thenormforcompanieswithresourcesscatteredallovertheplanet.Beyondthe 24-hoursupermarketsmanyofusalreadytakeforgrantedtherewillalsobe three-shiftshoppingcentersopenatanyhour.Restaurantsinthegreatbusiness capitalsintentoncultivatinganinternationalclientelewillservemidnight breakfastsorbreak-of-dawndinnerswiththeappropriatewineswithoutraising asingleeyebrow.JudgingfromcontextthephraseglobalcuisineLines5-6Para.4probablymean______.
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections: Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby choosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text 1 Peopleinbusinesscanuseforesightto identifynewproductsandservicesaswellasmarketsforthoseproductsand services.Anincreaseinminoritypopulationsinaneighborhoodwouldprompta grocerwithforesighttostockmorefoodslinkedtoethnictastes.Anartmuseum directorwithforesightmightfollowtrendsincomputergraphicstomake exhibitsmoreappealingtoyoungervisitors.Foresightmay revealpotentialthreatsthatwecanpreparetodealwithbeforetheybecome crises.Forinstanceacorporatemanagerwithforesightmightseeanalarming riseinlocalhousingpricesthatcouldaffecttheavailabilityofskilled workersintheregion.Thepublic’schangingvaluesandprioritiesaswellas emergingtechnologiesdemographicshiftseconomicconstraintsor opportunitiesandenvironmentalandresourceconcernsareallpartsofthe increasinglycomplexworldsysteminwhichleadersmustlead. Peopleingovernmentalsoneedforesighttokeepsystemsrunningsmoothly toplanbudgetsandtopreventwars.Governmentleaderstodaymustdealwitha hostofnewproblemsemergingfromrapidadvancesintechnology. Evenatthecommunitylevelforesightiscritical:Schoolofficialsfor exampleneedforesighttoassessnumbersofstudentstoaccommodatenumbersof teacherstohireneweducationaltechnologiestodeployandnewskillsfor studentsandtheirteacherstodevelop.Manyofthebest-known techniquesforforesightweredevelopedbygovernmentplannersespeciallyin themilitarywhenthepost-WorldWarIIatomicagemadeitcriticaltothink abouttheunthinkableandprepareforit.PioneeringfuturistsattheRAND Corporationthefirstthinktankbeganseriouslyconsideringwhatnew technologiesmightemergeinthefutureandhowthesemightaffectU.S. security.ThesepioneeringfuturistsatRANDalongwithotherselsewhere refinedavarietyofnewwaysforthinkingaboutthefuture.The futuristsrecognizedthatthefutureworldiscontinuouswiththepresentworld sowecanlearnagreatdealaboutwhatmayhappeninthefuturebylooking systematicallyatwhatishappeningnow.Thekeythingtowatchisnotevents suddendevelopmentsorone-dayoccurrencesbuttrendslong-termongoingshifts insuchthingsaspopulationlandusetechnologyandgovernmentalsystems .Usingthesetechniquesandmanyothersfuturistsnowcantell usmanythingsthatmayhappeninthefuture.Somearenearlycertaintohappen suchasthecontinuingexpansionintheworld’spopulation.Othereventsare viewedasfarlesslikelybutcouldbeextremelyimportantiftheydooccur suchasanasteroidcollidingwiththeplanet.Accordingtothetextthemostimportantforthefuturiststograspis______.
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