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某定点机字长n位，其中包含一位符号位。若采用补码一位乘(Booth算法)实现乘法运算，则最多需要做( )次移位运算。
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某计算机字长为8位它用补码原码或反码来表示带符号的二进制整数最高一位为符号位则机器代码1111111
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某计算机字长为8位它用补码原码或反码来表示带符号的二进制整数最高一位为符号位则机器代码1111111
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某微型机字长16位若采用定点补码整数表示数值最高1位为符号位其他15位为数值部分则所能表示的最小整数
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用n+1位字长含一位符号位表示原码定点整数时所能表示的数值范围是1用n+1位字长含一位符号位表
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某计算机字长为8位它用补码原码或反码来表示带符号的二进制整数最高一位为符号位则机器代码1111111
128
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XY为定点二进制数其格式为1位符号位n位数值位若采用Booth补码一位乘法实现乘法运算则最多需要__
n-1
n
n+1
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某计算机字长为8位它用补码原码或反码来表示带符号的二进制整数最高一位为符号位则机器代码1111111
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某微型机字长16位若采用定点补码整数表示数值最高1位为符号位其他15位为数值部分则所能表示的最
+1
-215
-1
-216
某微型机字长16位若采用定点补码整数表示数值最高1位为符号位其他15位为数值部分则所能表示的最小整数
+1
-215
-1
-216
某计算机字长为8位它用补码原码或反码来表示带符号的二进制整数最高一位为符号位则机器代码1111111
128
127
-0
用n+1位字长含一位符号位表示原码定点整数时所能表示的数值范围是1用n+1位字长含一位符号位表
0≤
N
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-(n-1)
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-n
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某计算机字长16位若采用定点补码整数表示数值最高1位为符号位其他15位为数值部分则所能表示的最
+1
-2
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某计算机字长为8位它用补码原码或反码来表示带符号的二进制整数最高一位为符号位则机器代码1111111
255
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某定点机字长8位含1位符号位现该机中一个寄存器的内容为43H则将其算术左移一位算术右移一位的结果分别
86H，21H
结果出错，21H
结果出错，A1H
未给出机器数形式，无法判断
某微型机字长16位若采用定点补码整数表示数值最高1位为符号位其他15位为数值部分则所能表示的最
+1
-215
-1
-216
若某浮点机基数为4尾数采用补码表示则该浮点机的规格化尾数形式为
最高两位数值位与符号位相反
最高两位数值位与符号位相同
最高两位数值位至少有一位与符号位相反
最高两位数值位至少有一位与符号位相同
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In2010afederaljudgeshookAmerica’sbiotechindustrytoitscore.CompanieshadwonpatentsforisolatedDNAfordecades—by2005some20%ofhumangeneswereparented.ButinMarch2010ajudgeruledthatgeneswereunpatentable.Executiveswereviolentlyagitated.TheBiotechnologyIndustryOrganisationBIOatradegroupassuredmembersthatthiswasjusta"preliminarystep"inalongerbattle. OnJuly29ththeywererelievedatleasttemporarily.AfederalappealscourtoverturnedthepriordecisionrulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholbpatentstotwogenesthathelpforecastawoman’sriskofbreastcancer.ThechiefexecutiveofMyriadacompanyinUtahsaidtherulingwasablessingtofirmsandpatientsalike. Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalisedmedicinethecourtswillremainratherbusy.TheMyriadcaseitselfisprobablynotoverCriticsmakethreemainargumentsagainstgenepatents:ageneisaproductofnaturesoitmaynotbepatented;genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthanrewardit;andpatents’monopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriad’s.Agrowingnumberseemtoagree.Lastyearafederaltask-forceurgedreformforpatentsrelatedtogenetictests.InOctobertheDepartmentofJusticefiledabriefintheMyriadcasearguingthatanisolatedDNAmolecule"isnolessaproductofnature..thanarecottonfibresthathavebeenseparatedfromcottonseeds." Despitetheappealscourt’sdecisionbigquestionsremainunanswered.Forexampleitisunclearwhetherthesequencingofawholegenomeviolatesthepatentsofindividualgeneswithinit.ThecasemayyetreachtheSupremeCourt. Astheindustryadvanceshoweverothersuitsmayhaveanevengreaterimpact.CompaniesareunlikelytofilemanymorepatentsforhumanDNAmoleculesImostarealreadypatentedorinthepublicdomain.Firmsarenowstudyinghowgenesinteractlookingforcorrelationsthatmightbeusedtodeterminethecausesofdiseaseorpredictadrug’sefficacycompaniesareeagertowinpatentsfor’connectingthedits’explainsHansSaueralawyerfortheBIO. TheirsuccessmaybedeterminedbyasuitrelatedtothisissuebroughtbytheMayoClinicwhichtheSupremeCourtwillhearinitsnextterm.TheBIOrecentlyheldaconventionwhichincludedseddionstocoachlawyersontheshiftinglandscapeforpatents.Eachmeetingwaspacked. Thosewhoareagainstgenepatentsbelievethat
把逻辑地址转换成绝对地址的工作称为______或______
计算机系统的二级存储包括
存储管理的功能有__________________和______
在页式存储管理中程序的逻辑地址空间被划分成若干______主存的绝对地址空间被划分成与______大小相同的______
46Theclimaticphenomenonthatisbeingblamedforfloodshurricanesandearlysnowstormsalsodeservescreditforencouragingplantgrowthandhelpingtocontrolthepollutantlinkedtoglobalwarminganewstudyshows.E1Nino—theperiodicwarmingofeasternPacificOceanwaters—causesaburstofplantgrowththroughouttheworldandthisremovescarbondioxidefromtheatmosphereresearchershavefound.47ThenewstudyshowsthatnaturalweathereventssuchasthebriefwarmingcausedbyE1Ninohaveamuchmoredramaticeffectthanpreviouslybelievedonhowmuchcarbondioxideisabsorbedbyplantsandhowmuchofthegasisexpelledbythesoil.AtmosphericcarbondioxideorCO2hasbeenincreasingsteadilyfordecades.Thisisthoughttobecausedbyanexpandeduseoffossilfuelsandbytopplingoftropicalforests.ScientistshavelinkedtheCO2risetoglobalwarmingaphenomenonknownasthegreenhouseeffect.48Alarmednationsoftheworldnowaredrawingupnewconservationpoliciestoreducefossilfuelburninginhopesofreducinggreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.ButDavidSchimeloftheNationalCenterforAtmosphericResearchaco-authorofthenewstudysaysthatbeforedetermininghowmuchtoreducefossilfuelburningweshouldconsidertheeffectsofnaturalclimatevariationsontheabilityofplantstoabsorbCO2.SchimelsaidsatellitemeasurementsofCO2plantgrowthandtemperatureshowthatnaturalwarmingeventssuchasE1NinoatfirstcausemoreCO2tobereleasedintotheatmosphereprobablyastheresultofaccelerateddecayofdeadplantmatterinthesoil.Butlaterwithintwoyearsthereisanexplosionofgrowthinforestsandgrasslandswhichmeansplantssuckmorecarbondioxideoutoftheatmosphere.WethinkthatthereisadelayedresponseinvegetationandsoiltothewarmingeffectsofsuchphenomenaasE1NinoandthisleadstoincreasedplantgrowthsaidSchimel.49HoweverhesaiditisnotclearwhetherthewarmingbyE1NinocausesanetdecreaseinthebuildupofCO2overthelonghaul.Wedon’treallyknowthatyetsaidSchimel.WhatthestudydoesshowhoweveristhattheriseandfallofCO2intheatmosphereisstronglyinfluencedbynaturalchangesinglobaltemperaturesaidB.H.BraswelloftheUniversityofNewHampshireanotherco-authorofthestudy.Braswellsaidthatinyearswhentheglobalweatheriscoolerthannormalthereisadecreaseinboththedecayofdeadplantsandinnewplantgrowth.ThiscausesaneffectthatistheoppositeofE1Ninowarming:CO2atmospherelevelsfirstdeclineandlaterincrease.50IthinkwehavedemonstratedthattheecosystemhasalotmoretodowithclimatechangethanwaspreviouslybelievedsaidBraswellFocusingontheroleofhumanactivityinclimatechangeisimportantbutmanmadefactorsarenottheonlyfactors./
采用静态重定位必须借助硬件的地址转换机构程序执行过程中可以在主存储器中被移动
Aconventionalteacher’slicenseeusuallyrequiresauniversitydegreeineducationplusanunpaidtermofpracticeteaching.Thishasnevermademuchsense.Itexcludesbrightstudentswhotakedegreesinothersubjectsandmightteachthosesubjects;itiscostlyandtime-consumingforcareer-switcherswhomustwaitayearormorebeforetheycanenteraclassroom;itissorigidthatprivate-schoolteachersoruniversityprofessorswithyearsofexperiencehavetojumpthroughhoopsbeforetheycanstartteachinginastateschool.Andthereisvirtuallynoevidencethatitcreatesbetterteachers.Forallthatitisstronglybackedbyschoolsofeducationwhichhaveamonopolyofteacher-trainingandbyteachers’unionswhosemembersmakemoremoneywhenitisartificiallyhardforotherstogetintotheprofession. Nowsome45statesandtheDistrictsofColumbiaofferan"alternativeroute"toateacher’slicenseeupfromonlyahandfulinthe1980s.AlternativecertificationACgenerallyallowsindividualswithauniversitydegreetobeginteachingimmediatelyafterpassinganentranceexamination.Theserecruitswatchedoverbyamentorteachthesubjecttheystudiedatuniversityandtakeeducationcoursesatasponsoringuniversitywhiledrawingtheirsalaries. ThetraditionalsortofAmericanteacherislikelytobeyoungwhiteandfemale.Alternativecertificationattractsmoremenandmorenon-whites.InTexasforinstanceroughly90%ofpublic-schoolteachersarewhitebut40%ofthosewhohavejoinedthroughalternativecertificationarenon-whites.TheACroutealsodrawsteacherswillingtogowheretheyaremostneeded.AsurveyofTroopstoTeachersaprogramthatturnsexsoldiersintopublic-schoolteachers"Proudtoserveagain"foundthat39%ofthosetakingpartarewillingtoteachininner-cityschoolsand68%inruralareas. AretheygoodteachersOfficialdomisreluctanttoreleasethedetailswhichmightanswerthatquestionforcertain.Butanecdotalevidencesuggeststheydowell.InNewJerseywhichhasbeenrunningthissortofprogramsince1984richdistrictswhichcanaffordtobechoosyconsistentlyhiremoreACteachersthanpoordistrictsdo.InHoustonTexaswheretheTeachofAmericaprogramTFAputsrecentuniversitygraduatesintopoorcommunitiesasteachersthemosteffectiveteachersaregenerallytheTFAones."Schoolprincipalsareourbiggestfans"WendyKoppTFA’spresidentsaysproudly. Sowhynotscrapthecumbersometeacher-licensinglawsFrederickHessaprofessorattheUniversityofVirginiahaswrittenapaperfortheProgressivePolicyInstitutearguingthatteacher-licensingoughttobestrippedtothebareessentials.Prospectiveteachersshouldberequiredonlytoholdacollegedegreepassatestofessentialskillsandbecheckedtomakesuretheydonothaveacriminalbackground.OthertrainingisimportantarguesMr.Hessbutthemarketnotstatelegislatorsshoulddecidewhatthattraininglookslike.Thisnotionof"competitivecertification"hasdrawnfavorableattentionfromtheBushadministration. Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheconventionalteacher’straining
46Theclimaticphenomenonthatisbeingblamedforfloodshurricanesandearlysnowstormsalsodeservescreditforencouragingplantgrowthandhelpingtocontrolthepollutantlinkedtoglobalwarminganewstudyshows.E1Nino—theperiodicwarmingofeasternPacificOceanwaters—causesaburstofplantgrowththroughouttheworldandthisremovescarbondioxidefromtheatmosphereresearchershavefound.47ThenewstudyshowsthatnaturalweathereventssuchasthebriefwarmingcausedbyE1Ninohaveamuchmoredramaticeffectthanpreviouslybelievedonhowmuchcarbondioxideisabsorbedbyplantsandhowmuchofthegasisexpelledbythesoil.AtmosphericcarbondioxideorCO2hasbeenincreasingsteadilyfordecades.Thisisthoughttobecausedbyanexpandeduseoffossilfuelsandbytopplingoftropicalforests.ScientistshavelinkedtheCO2risetoglobalwarmingaphenomenonknownasthegreenhouseeffect.48Alarmednationsoftheworldnowaredrawingupnewconservationpoliciestoreducefossilfuelburninginhopesofreducinggreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.ButDavidSchimeloftheNationalCenterforAtmosphericResearchaco-authorofthenewstudysaysthatbeforedetermininghowmuchtoreducefossilfuelburningweshouldconsidertheeffectsofnaturalclimatevariationsontheabilityofplantstoabsorbCO2.SchimelsaidsatellitemeasurementsofCO2plantgrowthandtemperatureshowthatnaturalwarmingeventssuchasE1NinoatfirstcausemoreCO2tobereleasedintotheatmosphereprobablyastheresultofaccelerateddecayofdeadplantmatterinthesoil.Butlaterwithintwoyearsthereisanexplosionofgrowthinforestsandgrasslandswhichmeansplantssuckmorecarbondioxideoutoftheatmosphere.WethinkthatthereisadelayedresponseinvegetationandsoiltothewarmingeffectsofsuchphenomenaasE1NinoandthisleadstoincreasedplantgrowthsaidSchimel.49HoweverhesaiditisnotclearwhetherthewarmingbyE1NinocausesanetdecreaseinthebuildupofCO2overthelonghaul.Wedon’treallyknowthatyetsaidSchimel.WhatthestudydoesshowhoweveristhattheriseandfallofCO2intheatmosphereisstronglyinfluencedbynaturalchangesinglobaltemperaturesaidB.H.BraswelloftheUniversityofNewHampshireanotherco-authorofthestudy.Braswellsaidthatinyearswhentheglobalweatheriscoolerthannormalthereisadecreaseinboththedecayofdeadplantsandinnewplantgrowth.ThiscausesaneffectthatistheoppositeofE1Ninowarming:CO2atmospherelevelsfirstdeclineandlaterincrease.50IthinkwehavedemonstratedthattheecosystemhasalotmoretodowithclimatechangethanwaspreviouslybelievedsaidBraswellFocusingontheroleofhumanactivityinclimatechangeisimportantbutmanmadefactorsarenottheonlyfactors./
[A]Convenientpackaging[B]Healthandwellness[C]Skepticalcustomers[D]Enormousmarkets[E]Soaringsales[F]TrendydrinkInthelast40yearsthebottledwaterindustryhasgonefromabusinessprospectthatfewtookseriouslytoaglobalindustryworthbillionsofpounds.Thecommodityitselfremainssimple.Thewaywethinkaboutithaschangedfundamentally.Waterisnaturalpureandsourcedatminimalcost.Itsrealvalueliesinitsmarketingandbranding.IthinkbottledwateristhemostrevealingsubstanceforshowingushowtheglobalcapitalistmarketworkstodaysaysRichardWilkprofessorofanthropologyatIndianaUniversity.Inasensewe’rebuyingchoicewe’rebuyingfreedom.That’stheonlythingthatcanexplainwhyyouwouldpaymoneyforabottleofsomethingthatyoucanotherwisegetforfree.41.______Throughaconfectionofadvertisingandmarketingbottledwaterhasbecomeoneofthebiggestsuccessstoriesinthemodernfoodandbeverageindustry.ThedemandforbottlewaterhasgrownexponentiallyinthelastfewdecadessaysDr.PeterGleickauthorofBottledandSold.It’sdoubledit’sdoubledagainandit’sdoubledagain.Andthebottlewatercompaniesseeenormousmarketsnotjustintherichcountriesbutalsointhepoorercountries.NoactualvarietySomepeoplethinkthatbottledwateristhehighpointofglobalcapitalismparticularlythepeopleinthebottledwaterbusiness.Ithinkbottledwateractuallyrepresentsakindofcaricatureoftheglobaleconomy.Itprovidespeopleinthedevelopedworldwith20or30varietiesofsomethingforwhichthereisnoactualvarietysaysCharlesFishmanauthorofTheBigThirst.42.______.Atthebeginningtherereallywasnovarietyandthebottledwaterphenomenonbeganwithonebrand.Perrier佩绿雅矿泉水品牌wasatriumphofadvertisingcreatingabrandthatwastodefineageneration.AttheheartofthecampaigntomakethebrandpopularwasRichardWheatleyoftheLeoBurnettadvertisingagencybetween1979and1994.Perrierpopularisedbottledwaterhesays.Itmadeitacceptablemorethanacceptableitmadeit...desirable.Butitwasnotaninstantsuccess.WhenPerrierUKwaslookingtoincreaseitssalesintheearly1970’sitfacedaskepticalpublic.Manyquestionedwhyanyonewouldbuywaterwhenyoucouldgetitfreefromthetap.43.______.FacedwithobstaclesPerrierturnedtoadvertisingwithacampaignthatwastochangeourconsumerlandscapeforever.Thecampaignwasamarketingcoupandsaleswentthroughtherooffrom12millionbottlesin1980to152millionbytheendofthedecade.Perrierwasnolongerjustabottleofwater.Themarketingandadvertisingteamshadestablishedacrucialemotionallinkbetweentheproductandtheconsumers.PerrierbecameabadgesaysMichaelBellaschairmanoftheBeverageMarketingCorporation.WhenyouheldaPerrierbottleupitsaidsomethingaboutyourselfitsaidyouweresophisticatedyouunderstoodwhatwashappeningintheworld.Itwasaperfectbeveragefortheyoungandcomingbusinessexecutivesthetrend-setters.44.______.Inanageofinstantgratificationstillwaterinportablebottlesprovidedwhatpeopleneededexactlywhentheyneededit.PeopleingeneralaremoreandmoretimepressedsaysMr.Fishman.Wedon’tcookourownmealsanymoreweeatpreparedfoodsofallkinds.Andthere’snothingmoreappealingthanabottleofcoldwateratamomentwhenyou’rereallythirsty.ButIthinkbottledwaterisoneofthoseproductsthatonmanyoccasionswhenpeoplebuyitwhatthey’rebuyingisn’tthewatersomuchasthebottle.Thatisthepackageandtheconvenienceatthatmoment.45.______.WhenpeopleboughtthisconveniencewhattheywerereallybuyingwasPolyethyleneTerephthalateorPETthesinglemostimportantinnovationintheindustry’shistory.StrongshatterproofandahighlyvaluedformofpolyesterPETisaby-productoftheoilindustry.Itisnowutilisedinthepackagingofeverythingfrompharmaceuticalsandsoaptoreadymeals.InyearstocometheenvironmentalimpactofPETwouldhaunttheindustryandraisequestionsaboutitsverysurvivalbutinthe1990sthiswasarevolution.AccordingtoMr.Bellasitwasbehindthesubsequentincrediblegrowthoftheindustry.StartingwiththeintroductionofthesmallpremiumPETwatersthecategorystartedtoexplodesaysMr.Bellas.ThebottledwaterindustrybeforePETonthelistofallbeveragecategorieswasnumberseven.WiththeadventofPETwaterjumpedtothenumbertwospotbehindcarbonatedsoftdrinks.Bybrandingandmarketingwaterbottledwaterhasbeentransformedfromsomethingthatmanyofustookforgrantedintoaproductthatnowmakesbillionsforglobalmultinationalcompanies.
In2010afederaljudgeshookAmerica’sbiotechindustrytoitscore.CompanieshadwonpatentsforisolatedDNAfordecades—by2005some20%ofhumangeneswereparented.ButinMarch2010ajudgeruledthatgeneswereunpatentable.Executiveswereviolentlyagitated.TheBiotechnologyIndustryOrganisationBIOatradegroupassuredmembersthatthiswasjusta"preliminarystep"inalongerbattle. OnJuly29ththeywererelievedatleasttemporarily.AfederalappealscourtoverturnedthepriordecisionrulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholbpatentstotwogenesthathelpforecastawoman’sriskofbreastcancer.ThechiefexecutiveofMyriadacompanyinUtahsaidtherulingwasablessingtofirmsandpatientsalike. Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalisedmedicinethecourtswillremainratherbusy.TheMyriadcaseitselfisprobablynotoverCriticsmakethreemainargumentsagainstgenepatents:ageneisaproductofnaturesoitmaynotbepatented;genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthanrewardit;andpatents’monopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriad’s.Agrowingnumberseemtoagree.Lastyearafederaltask-forceurgedreformforpatentsrelatedtogenetictests.InOctobertheDepartmentofJusticefiledabriefintheMyriadcasearguingthatanisolatedDNAmolecule"isnolessaproductofnature..thanarecottonfibresthathavebeenseparatedfromcottonseeds." Despitetheappealscourt’sdecisionbigquestionsremainunanswered.Forexampleitisunclearwhetherthesequencingofawholegenomeviolatesthepatentsofindividualgeneswithinit.ThecasemayyetreachtheSupremeCourt. Astheindustryadvanceshoweverothersuitsmayhaveanevengreaterimpact.CompaniesareunlikelytofilemanymorepatentsforhumanDNAmoleculesImostarealreadypatentedorinthepublicdomain.Firmsarenowstudyinghowgenesinteractlookingforcorrelationsthatmightbeusedtodeterminethecausesofdiseaseorpredictadrug’sefficacycompaniesareeagertowinpatentsfor’connectingthedits’explainsHansSaueralawyerfortheBIO. TheirsuccessmaybedeterminedbyasuitrelatedtothisissuebroughtbytheMayoClinicwhichtheSupremeCourtwillhearinitsnextterm.TheBIOrecentlyheldaconventionwhichincludedseddionstocoachlawyersontheshiftinglandscapeforpatents.Eachmeetingwaspacked. BysayingEachmeetingwaspackedLine3Para.6theauthormeansthat
存储管理方案中可采用覆盖技术
Directions: Studythefollowingchartscarefullyandwriteanarticle.Inyourarticleyoushouldcoverthefollowingpoints: 1describethephenomenon; 2analyzethephenomenonandgiveyourcommentonit. Youshouldwriteabout160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.
以下存储管理方案中不采用动态重定位的是
碎片的长度
不是页面调度用算法
在固定分区存储管理中可以采用______的方式把作业装入所分配到的分区中去
46Theclimaticphenomenonthatisbeingblamedforfloodshurricanesandearlysnowstormsalsodeservescreditforencouragingplantgrowthandhelpingtocontrolthepollutantlinkedtoglobalwarminganewstudyshows.E1Nino—theperiodicwarmingofeasternPacificOceanwaters—causesaburstofplantgrowththroughouttheworldandthisremovescarbondioxidefromtheatmosphereresearchershavefound.47ThenewstudyshowsthatnaturalweathereventssuchasthebriefwarmingcausedbyE1Ninohaveamuchmoredramaticeffectthanpreviouslybelievedonhowmuchcarbondioxideisabsorbedbyplantsandhowmuchofthegasisexpelledbythesoil.AtmosphericcarbondioxideorCO2hasbeenincreasingsteadilyfordecades.Thisisthoughttobecausedbyanexpandeduseoffossilfuelsandbytopplingoftropicalforests.ScientistshavelinkedtheCO2risetoglobalwarmingaphenomenonknownasthegreenhouseeffect.48Alarmednationsoftheworldnowaredrawingupnewconservationpoliciestoreducefossilfuelburninginhopesofreducinggreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.ButDavidSchimeloftheNationalCenterforAtmosphericResearchaco-authorofthenewstudysaysthatbeforedetermininghowmuchtoreducefossilfuelburningweshouldconsidertheeffectsofnaturalclimatevariationsontheabilityofplantstoabsorbCO2.SchimelsaidsatellitemeasurementsofCO2plantgrowthandtemperatureshowthatnaturalwarmingeventssuchasE1NinoatfirstcausemoreCO2tobereleasedintotheatmosphereprobablyastheresultofaccelerateddecayofdeadplantmatterinthesoil.Butlaterwithintwoyearsthereisanexplosionofgrowthinforestsandgrasslandswhichmeansplantssuckmorecarbondioxideoutoftheatmosphere.WethinkthatthereisadelayedresponseinvegetationandsoiltothewarmingeffectsofsuchphenomenaasE1NinoandthisleadstoincreasedplantgrowthsaidSchimel.49HoweverhesaiditisnotclearwhetherthewarmingbyE1NinocausesanetdecreaseinthebuildupofCO2overthelonghaul.Wedon’treallyknowthatyetsaidSchimel.WhatthestudydoesshowhoweveristhattheriseandfallofCO2intheatmosphereisstronglyinfluencedbynaturalchangesinglobaltemperaturesaidB.H.BraswelloftheUniversityofNewHampshireanotherco-authorofthestudy.Braswellsaidthatinyearswhentheglobalweatheriscoolerthannormalthereisadecreaseinboththedecayofdeadplantsandinnewplantgrowth.ThiscausesaneffectthatistheoppositeofE1Ninowarming:CO2atmospherelevelsfirstdeclineandlaterincrease.50IthinkwehavedemonstratedthattheecosystemhasalotmoretodowithclimatechangethanwaspreviouslybelievedsaidBraswellFocusingontheroleofhumanactivityinclimatechangeisimportantbutmanmadefactorsarenottheonlyfactors./
分配主存空间时根据由位示图构成的主存分配表
Aconventionalteacher’slicenseeusuallyrequiresauniversitydegreeineducationplusanunpaidtermofpracticeteaching.Thishasnevermademuchsense.Itexcludesbrightstudentswhotakedegreesinothersubjectsandmightteachthosesubjects;itiscostlyandtime-consumingforcareer-switcherswhomustwaitayearormorebeforetheycanenteraclassroom;itissorigidthatprivate-schoolteachersoruniversityprofessorswithyearsofexperiencehavetojumpthroughhoopsbeforetheycanstartteachinginastateschool.Andthereisvirtuallynoevidencethatitcreatesbetterteachers.Forallthatitisstronglybackedbyschoolsofeducationwhichhaveamonopolyofteacher-trainingandbyteachers’unionswhosemembersmakemoremoneywhenitisartificiallyhardforotherstogetintotheprofession. Nowsome45statesandtheDistrictsofColumbiaofferan"alternativeroute"toateacher’slicenseeupfromonlyahandfulinthe1980s.AlternativecertificationACgenerallyallowsindividualswithauniversitydegreetobeginteachingimmediatelyafterpassinganentranceexamination.Theserecruitswatchedoverbyamentorteachthesubjecttheystudiedatuniversityandtakeeducationcoursesatasponsoringuniversitywhiledrawingtheirsalaries. ThetraditionalsortofAmericanteacherislikelytobeyoungwhiteandfemale.Alternativecertificationattractsmoremenandmorenon-whites.InTexasforinstanceroughly90%ofpublic-schoolteachersarewhitebut40%ofthosewhohavejoinedthroughalternativecertificationarenon-whites.TheACroutealsodrawsteacherswillingtogowheretheyaremostneeded.AsurveyofTroopstoTeachersaprogramthatturnsexsoldiersintopublic-schoolteachers"Proudtoserveagain"foundthat39%ofthosetakingpartarewillingtoteachininner-cityschoolsand68%inruralareas. AretheygoodteachersOfficialdomisreluctanttoreleasethedetailswhichmightanswerthatquestionforcertain.Butanecdotalevidencesuggeststheydowell.InNewJerseywhichhasbeenrunningthissortofprogramsince1984richdistrictswhichcanaffordtobechoosyconsistentlyhiremoreACteachersthanpoordistrictsdo.InHoustonTexaswheretheTeachofAmericaprogramTFAputsrecentuniversitygraduatesintopoorcommunitiesasteachersthemosteffectiveteachersaregenerallytheTFAones."Schoolprincipalsareourbiggestfans"WendyKoppTFA’spresidentsaysproudly. Sowhynotscrapthecumbersometeacher-licensinglawsFrederickHessaprofessorattheUniversityofVirginiahaswrittenapaperfortheProgressivePolicyInstitutearguingthatteacher-licensingoughttobestrippedtothebareessentials.Prospectiveteachersshouldberequiredonlytoholdacollegedegreepassatestofessentialskillsandbecheckedtomakesuretheydonothaveacriminalbackground.OthertrainingisimportantarguesMr.Hessbutthemarketnotstatelegislatorsshoulddecidewhatthattraininglookslike.Thisnotionof"competitivecertification"hasdrawnfavorableattentionfromtheBushadministration. WhatdoestheauthorsuggestwhenhecallsforcompetitivecertificationLine7—8Para.5
LRU算法淘汰的是最近最不常用的页
虚拟存储器的容量由计算机的______和______的容量决定与实际______的容量无关
用户程序中出错处理部分不必常驻内存
存储管理方式提供二维地址结构
采用虚拟存储器的前提是程序的两个特点一是程序执行时某些部分是互斥的二是程序的执行往往具有
Aconventionalteacher’slicenseeusuallyrequiresauniversitydegreeineducationplusanunpaidtermofpracticeteaching.Thishasnevermademuchsense.Itexcludesbrightstudentswhotakedegreesinothersubjectsandmightteachthosesubjects;itiscostlyandtime-consumingforcareer-switcherswhomustwaitayearormorebeforetheycanenteraclassroom;itissorigidthatprivate-schoolteachersoruniversityprofessorswithyearsofexperiencehavetojumpthroughhoopsbeforetheycanstartteachinginastateschool.Andthereisvirtuallynoevidencethatitcreatesbetterteachers.Forallthatitisstronglybackedbyschoolsofeducationwhichhaveamonopolyofteacher-trainingandbyteachers’unionswhosemembersmakemoremoneywhenitisartificiallyhardforotherstogetintotheprofession. Nowsome45statesandtheDistrictsofColumbiaofferan"alternativeroute"toateacher’slicenseeupfromonlyahandfulinthe1980s.AlternativecertificationACgenerallyallowsindividualswithauniversitydegreetobeginteachingimmediatelyafterpassinganentranceexamination.Theserecruitswatchedoverbyamentorteachthesubjecttheystudiedatuniversityandtakeeducationcoursesatasponsoringuniversitywhiledrawingtheirsalaries. ThetraditionalsortofAmericanteacherislikelytobeyoungwhiteandfemale.Alternativecertificationattractsmoremenandmorenon-whites.InTexasforinstanceroughly90%ofpublic-schoolteachersarewhitebut40%ofthosewhohavejoinedthroughalternativecertificationarenon-whites.TheACroutealsodrawsteacherswillingtogowheretheyaremostneeded.AsurveyofTroopstoTeachersaprogramthatturnsexsoldiersintopublic-schoolteachers"Proudtoserveagain"foundthat39%ofthosetakingpartarewillingtoteachininner-cityschoolsand68%inruralareas. AretheygoodteachersOfficialdomisreluctanttoreleasethedetailswhichmightanswerthatquestionforcertain.Butanecdotalevidencesuggeststheydowell.InNewJerseywhichhasbeenrunningthissortofprogramsince1984richdistrictswhichcanaffordtobechoosyconsistentlyhiremoreACteachersthanpoordistrictsdo.InHoustonTexaswheretheTeachofAmericaprogramTFAputsrecentuniversitygraduatesintopoorcommunitiesasteachersthemosteffectiveteachersaregenerallytheTFAones."Schoolprincipalsareourbiggestfans"WendyKoppTFA’spresidentsaysproudly. Sowhynotscrapthecumbersometeacher-licensinglawsFrederickHessaprofessorattheUniversityofVirginiahaswrittenapaperfortheProgressivePolicyInstitutearguingthatteacher-licensingoughttobestrippedtothebareessentials.Prospectiveteachersshouldberequiredonlytoholdacollegedegreepassatestofessentialskillsandbecheckedtomakesuretheydonothaveacriminalbackground.OthertrainingisimportantarguesMr.Hessbutthemarketnotstatelegislatorsshoulddecidewhatthattraininglookslike.Thisnotionof"competitivecertification"hasdrawnfavorableattentionfromtheBushadministration. WhathaschangedsincetheintroductionofAC
ThesuddendramaticexplosioninvalueofonlinesocialmediasiteslikeFacebookandTwitterisreminiscentoftheriseabout15yearsagooftheonlinebusinessesthatcreatedthe"dotcombubble."TheInternetwasfarlesswidelyusedthanitistoday.StillvisionariessawthepotentialfortheInternetwehavetodaysovirtualcompaniessprungupandgrewlikeweedsasinvestorsthrewmoneytheirway.SomelikeGoogleandAmazondevelopedanenduringonlinepresenceandlastingfinancialvalue.Butfartoomanyquicklylostvaluewhenitbecameapparentthattheirrapidgrowthwasn’tyieldingrevenue. SohowmuchisFacebook’snetworkofusersreallyworthThepotentialisclear—whensomanypeoplearegatheredinonevirtualplaceofferingsomuchpersonalinformationaboutthemselvestheycreateanunprecedentedplatformfortargetedadvertising.Ortheywouldiftheywereonthenetworktoshop.WheneBayandAmazonsuggestproductstotheircustomersthey’retalkingtopeoplewho’vealreadyproventhatthey’reinterestedinbuyingsimilarproducts.PeoplegoonFacebookforavarietyofreasons-tocatchupwitholdfriendssharepicturesmakenewacquaintancesandtalksometimesendlesslyaboutthemselves.Whetherthey’llappreciatehavingtheirvirtualconversationsinterruptedbyadvertisingtargetedornotremainsunclear. It’salsounclearwhetherFacebookwillactuallybeabletoshareinformationaboutitsusers’browsinghabitswithadvertisers.ComplaintsabouttheineffectivenessofFacebook’sprivacypolicieshaveariseninmultiplecountriespartofalargersocialconcernabouthowprivateinformationgetsusedonline.InDecembertheFederalTradeCommissionissuedaproposedframeworkthatamongotherthingswouldpermitFacebookuserstoblockadvertisersfromaccessinginformationabouttheironlineinterests.IfthatframeworkisimplementedandwidelyusedbyFacebooksubscribersitcouldseriouslyimpairthesite’svalueasapotentialplatformfortargetedmarketing. WhatisclearisthatGoldmanSachshasasignificantinterestinFacebook’sfinancialvalueatleastfortheshortterm.GoldmanSachs’decisiontoinvestheavilyinFacebookhashadsomeinterestingimpacts.ForonethingtheinvestmenthasallowedFacebookanopportunitytopostponeissuinganIPO.ThatmeansthatatleastforthemomentFacebookdoesn’tyethavetodiscloseitsfinancesorpubliclyaddressinvestorcomplaints. GoldmanSachs’investmentalsoputsthefirminanidealpositiontohandleFacebook’sIPOwheniteventuallyisissuedperhapssometimenextyear.ThatofcoursehasthepotentialtogeneratesubstantialrevenuesforGoldmanSachs’clients.Google’s2004IPOraisedaninitial$1.2billionforthecompany.AfterallthepropagandaFacebook’sIPOcanhardlybeexpectedtoraiseless.HoweverthereremainsasignificantquestionastowhetherFacebook’spotentialforgeneratingincomeismorevirtualthanreal.IfitturnsoutthatFacebookcan’tliveuptoitspotentialforgeneratingadvertisingrevenueventurecapitalistswhoinvestforthelongtermmaygetburned. Thedot-combubbledemonstratesthat
如果处理器有32位地址则它的虚拟地址空间为字节
可变分区存储管理时所采用的地址转换公式为
[A]Convenientpackaging[B]Healthandwellness[C]Skepticalcustomers[D]Enormousmarkets[E]Soaringsales[F]TrendydrinkInthelast40yearsthebottledwaterindustryhasgonefromabusinessprospectthatfewtookseriouslytoaglobalindustryworthbillionsofpounds.Thecommodityitselfremainssimple.Thewaywethinkaboutithaschangedfundamentally.Waterisnaturalpureandsourcedatminimalcost.Itsrealvalueliesinitsmarketingandbranding.IthinkbottledwateristhemostrevealingsubstanceforshowingushowtheglobalcapitalistmarketworkstodaysaysRichardWilkprofessorofanthropologyatIndianaUniversity.Inasensewe’rebuyingchoicewe’rebuyingfreedom.That’stheonlythingthatcanexplainwhyyouwouldpaymoneyforabottleofsomethingthatyoucanotherwisegetforfree.41.______Throughaconfectionofadvertisingandmarketingbottledwaterhasbecomeoneofthebiggestsuccessstoriesinthemodernfoodandbeverageindustry.ThedemandforbottlewaterhasgrownexponentiallyinthelastfewdecadessaysDr.PeterGleickauthorofBottledandSold.It’sdoubledit’sdoubledagainandit’sdoubledagain.Andthebottlewatercompaniesseeenormousmarketsnotjustintherichcountriesbutalsointhepoorercountries.NoactualvarietySomepeoplethinkthatbottledwateristhehighpointofglobalcapitalismparticularlythepeopleinthebottledwaterbusiness.Ithinkbottledwateractuallyrepresentsakindofcaricatureoftheglobaleconomy.Itprovidespeopleinthedevelopedworldwith20or30varietiesofsomethingforwhichthereisnoactualvarietysaysCharlesFishmanauthorofTheBigThirst.42.______.Atthebeginningtherereallywasnovarietyandthebottledwaterphenomenonbeganwithonebrand.Perrier佩绿雅矿泉水品牌wasatriumphofadvertisingcreatingabrandthatwastodefineageneration.AttheheartofthecampaigntomakethebrandpopularwasRichardWheatleyoftheLeoBurnettadvertisingagencybetween1979and1994.Perrierpopularisedbottledwaterhesays.Itmadeitacceptablemorethanacceptableitmadeit...desirable.Butitwasnotaninstantsuccess.WhenPerrierUKwaslookingtoincreaseitssalesintheearly1970’sitfacedaskepticalpublic.Manyquestionedwhyanyonewouldbuywaterwhenyoucouldgetitfreefromthetap.43.______.FacedwithobstaclesPerrierturnedtoadvertisingwithacampaignthatwastochangeourconsumerlandscapeforever.Thecampaignwasamarketingcoupandsaleswentthroughtherooffrom12millionbottlesin1980to152millionbytheendofthedecade.Perrierwasnolongerjustabottleofwater.Themarketingandadvertisingteamshadestablishedacrucialemotionallinkbetweentheproductandtheconsumers.PerrierbecameabadgesaysMichaelBellaschairmanoftheBeverageMarketingCorporation.WhenyouheldaPerrierbottleupitsaidsomethingaboutyourselfitsaidyouweresophisticatedyouunderstoodwhatwashappeningintheworld.Itwasaperfectbeveragefortheyoungandcomingbusinessexecutivesthetrend-setters.44.______.Inanageofinstantgratificationstillwaterinportablebottlesprovidedwhatpeopleneededexactlywhentheyneededit.PeopleingeneralaremoreandmoretimepressedsaysMr.Fishman.Wedon’tcookourownmealsanymoreweeatpreparedfoodsofallkinds.Andthere’snothingmoreappealingthanabottleofcoldwateratamomentwhenyou’rereallythirsty.ButIthinkbottledwaterisoneofthoseproductsthatonmanyoccasionswhenpeoplebuyitwhatthey’rebuyingisn’tthewatersomuchasthebottle.Thatisthepackageandtheconvenienceatthatmoment.45.______.WhenpeopleboughtthisconveniencewhattheywerereallybuyingwasPolyethyleneTerephthalateorPETthesinglemostimportantinnovationintheindustry’shistory.StrongshatterproofandahighlyvaluedformofpolyesterPETisaby-productoftheoilindustry.Itisnowutilisedinthepackagingofeverythingfrompharmaceuticalsandsoaptoreadymeals.InyearstocometheenvironmentalimpactofPETwouldhaunttheindustryandraisequestionsaboutitsverysurvivalbutinthe1990sthiswasarevolution.AccordingtoMr.Bellasitwasbehindthesubsequentincrediblegrowthoftheindustry.StartingwiththeintroductionofthesmallpremiumPETwatersthecategorystartedtoexplodesaysMr.Bellas.ThebottledwaterindustrybeforePETonthelistofallbeveragecategorieswasnumberseven.WiththeadventofPETwaterjumpedtothenumbertwospotbehindcarbonatedsoftdrinks.Bybrandingandmarketingwaterbottledwaterhasbeentransformedfromsomethingthatmanyofustookforgrantedintoaproductthatnowmakesbillionsforglobalmultinationalcompanies.
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