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Mostyoungpeopleenjoysomeformsofphysicalactivity.Itmaybewalkingbicyclingorswimmingorinwinterskatingorskiing.Itmaybeagameofsome36--footballhockeygolfortennis.Itmaybemountaineering. Thosewhohaveapassionfor37highanddifficultmountainsareoften38withastonishment.Whyaremenandwomenwillingto39coldandhardshipandtotakerisksonhighmountainsThisastonishmentiscaused40bythedifferencebetweenmountaineeringandotherformsofactivityto41mengivetheirleisure.Mountaineeringisasportand42agame.Therearenoman-maderoles43thereareforsuchgamesasgolfandfootball.Thereare44rulesofadifferentkindwhichitwouldbedangerousto45butitisthisfreedomfromman-maderulesthatmakesmountaineering46tomanypeople.Thosewhoclimbmountainsare47tousetheirownmethods. Ifwecomparemountaineeringandothermore48sportswemightthinkthatonebigdifferenceisthat49isnota"teamgame".Weshouldbemistaken50this.Thereareitistreeno"matches"between"team"ofclimbersbutwhenclimbersareonarockface51byaropeonwhichtheirlivesmaydependthereis52teamwork. Themountainclimberknowsthathemay53fightforcesthatarestrongerandmorepowerfulthanman.Hehastofighttheforcesof54.Hissportrequireshighmentalandphysical55. 48
Mostyoungpeopleenjoysomeformsofphysicalactivity.Itmaybewalkingbicyclingorswimmingorinwinterskatingorskiing.Itmaybeagameofsome36--footballhockeygolfortennis.Itmaybemountaineering. Thosewhohaveapassionfor37highanddifficultmountainsareoften38withastonishment.Whyaremenandwomenwillingto39coldandhardshipandtotakerisksonhighmountainsThisastonishmentiscaused40bythedifferencebetweenmountaineeringandotherformsofactivityto41mengivetheirleisure.Mountaineeringisasportand42agame.Therearenoman-maderoles43thereareforsuchgamesasgolfandfootball.Thereare44rulesofadifferentkindwhichitwouldbedangerousto45butitisthisfreedomfromman-maderulesthatmakesmountaineering46tomanypeople.Thosewhoclimbmountainsare47tousetheirownmethods. Ifwecomparemountaineeringandothermore48sportswemightthinkthatonebigdifferenceisthat49isnota"teamgame".Weshouldbemistaken50this.Thereareitistreeno"matches"between"team"ofclimbersbutwhenclimbersareonarockface51byaropeonwhichtheirlivesmaydependthereis52teamwork. Themountainclimberknowsthathemay53fightforcesthatarestrongerandmorepowerfulthanman.Hehastofighttheforcesof54.Hissportrequireshighmentalandphysical55. 40
PassageOne Imagineaworldinwhichchildrenwouldbetherulersandcoulddecidenotonlytheoutcomeofeachandeveryoccurrencebutalsodictatetheverystructureandformoftheenvironment.Inthisworldachild’swildestthoughtswouldbecomerealitylimitedonlybytheextentofhisorherimagination.Whilesuchaworldmightsoundbothfantasticandfrighteningatleastfromalogicaladultperspectiveitdoesexist.What’smoreithasbeeninexistenceforsometimeandispopulatedbyhundredsofthousandsofchildrenwhospendhourswithinitsboundariesexperimentingandlearning.ThisworldisnotrealatleastnotinthetraditionalsensebutexistswithinacomputerandisgeneratedbyaneducationalprogramminglanguagecalledLOGO.UnlikeothercomputerlanguagesandprogramsthataredesignedtotestchildrenandprovideapplicationsthatformallydispenseinformationLOGOallowschildrenevenpreschoolchildrentobeintotalcontrol.Childrenteachthecomputertothinkandasaresultdevelopandsharpentheirownreasoningabilities. Childrenarerulers
Thegovernmentistryingtodosomethingtobetterunderstandingbetweenthetwocountries.
Mostyoungpeopleenjoysomeformsofphysicalactivity.Itmaybewalkingbicyclingorswimmingorinwinterskatingorskiing.Itmaybeagameofsome36--footballhockeygolfortennis.Itmaybemountaineering. Thosewhohaveapassionfor37highanddifficultmountainsareoften38withastonishment.Whyaremenandwomenwillingto39coldandhardshipandtotakerisksonhighmountainsThisastonishmentiscaused40bythedifferencebetweenmountaineeringandotherformsofactivityto41mengivetheirleisure.Mountaineeringisasportand42agame.Therearenoman-maderoles43thereareforsuchgamesasgolfandfootball.Thereare44rulesofadifferentkindwhichitwouldbedangerousto45butitisthisfreedomfromman-maderulesthatmakesmountaineering46tomanypeople.Thosewhoclimbmountainsare47tousetheirownmethods. Ifwecomparemountaineeringandothermore48sportswemightthinkthatonebigdifferenceisthat49isnota"teamgame".Weshouldbemistaken50this.Thereareitistreeno"matches"between"team"ofclimbersbutwhenclimbersareonarockface51byaropeonwhichtheirlivesmaydependthereis52teamwork. Themountainclimberknowsthathemay53fightforcesthatarestrongerandmorepowerfulthanman.Hehastofighttheforcesof54.Hissportrequireshighmentalandphysical55. 52
Mostyoungpeopleenjoysomeformsofphysicalactivity.Itmaybewalkingbicyclingorswimmingorinwinterskatingorskiing.Itmaybeagameofsome36--footballhockeygolfortennis.Itmaybemountaineering. Thosewhohaveapassionfor37highanddifficultmountainsareoften38withastonishment.Whyaremenandwomenwillingto39coldandhardshipandtotakerisksonhighmountainsThisastonishmentiscaused40bythedifferencebetweenmountaineeringandotherformsofactivityto41mengivetheirleisure.Mountaineeringisasportand42agame.Therearenoman-maderoles43thereareforsuchgamesasgolfandfootball.Thereare44rulesofadifferentkindwhichitwouldbedangerousto45butitisthisfreedomfromman-maderulesthatmakesmountaineering46tomanypeople.Thosewhoclimbmountainsare47tousetheirownmethods. Ifwecomparemountaineeringandothermore48sportswemightthinkthatonebigdifferenceisthat49isnota"teamgame".Weshouldbemistaken50this.Thereareitistreeno"matches"between"team"ofclimbersbutwhenclimbersareonarockface51byaropeonwhichtheirlivesmaydependthereis52teamwork. Themountainclimberknowsthathemay53fightforcesthatarestrongerandmorepowerfulthanman.Hehastofighttheforcesof54.Hissportrequireshighmentalandphysical55. 36
Scienceisstilllargelyignorant______thecausesofmanykindsofcancer.
Theearlypioneershadtomanyhardshipstosettleonthenewland.
我们认为学习理论而不实践是没用的
PassageFour DuringtheProgressiveMovementwomenbegantoplayanincreasinglyactiveroleinAmericanpolitics.Womenhadlongbeeninterestedinreformmovementsbutthenumberofwomenactiveinpoliticalaffairshadbeenverylimited.Nowtheeducatedmiddleclasswomanbegantogrowtiredofthepassiverolethatmenhadassignedtoher.Herowninterestsasamotherwerebroughtintoplaybyherconcernovertheeducationandwelfareofherchildrenthecityinwhichtheylivedandsuchmunicipalfacilitiesasplaygroundsschoolsandparks.Herinterestsasaconsumerwerealertedbypoliticalstrugglesovertariffstaxesmonopoliesanddishonestyingovernment.Butmoreimportantthanherinterestswerehersympathiesforshewasshockedbythealmostdailyrevelationabouttheterribleworkingconditionsinthemillsandminesofthecountryandthecrowdedconditionsinwhichpoorpeoplelivedincities.WomenbegantodeveloptheirownheroinesofcharitableactivitylikeJaneAdamsthefounderofthefamoussocialsettlementatHullHouseinChicago;andalsotofeelmorestronglyabouttheirownpoliticalrights.BelievingthattheywerefarbetterequippedthanmentointroduceintopoliticsthenoteofhonestyandhumanconcernthatAmericaseemedtoneedsobadlywomeninincreasingnumbersbegantodemandtherighttovote.By1914theyhadthatrightinelevenstatesandtheireffortswerecrownedwithfinalsuccessintheNineteenthAmendmenttotheConstitutionwhichwasratifiedin1920. ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbeforetheProgressiveMovementeducatedwomenofthemiddleclasswereexpectedto
Wedidn'tknowhistelephonenumberotherwisewehim.
PassageThree Weallassociatecolorswithfeelingandattitudes.Inpoliticsdarkblueoftenmeans"tradition"andredmeans"socialchange".ButbluecanalsomeansadnessI’mfeelingbluewhiteisoftenforpurityalthoughinChinawhiteiswornatweddingsandblackforfunerals.Advertisersareawareoftheimportanceofselectingcolorsaccordingtothewaypeoplereacttothem.Soappowderscomeinwhiteandlightbluepacketscleanandcoldlikeice;cerealsoftencomeinbrownpacketslikewheatfieldsbutcosmeticsnevercomeinbrownjarsdirty. WheredotheseideascomefromMaxLuscherfromtheUniversityofGenevabelievesthatinthebeginninglifewasdictatedbytwofactorsbeyondourcontrol:nightandday.Nightbroughtpassivityandageneralslowingdownofmetabolism;daybroughtwithitthepossibilityofactionandincreaseinthemetabolicratethusprovidinguswithenergyandinitiative.Darkbluethereforeisthecolorofquietandpassivitybrightyellowthecolorofhopeandactivity. Inprehistorictimesactivityasaruletookoneoftwoforms:eitherwewerehuntingandattackingorwewerebeinghuntedanddefendingourselvesagainstattack.Attackisuniversallyrepresentedbythecolorred;self-preservationbyitscomplementgreen. WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue
PassageOne Imagineaworldinwhichchildrenwouldbetherulersandcoulddecidenotonlytheoutcomeofeachandeveryoccurrencebutalsodictatetheverystructureandformoftheenvironment.Inthisworldachild’swildestthoughtswouldbecomerealitylimitedonlybytheextentofhisorherimagination.Whilesuchaworldmightsoundbothfantasticandfrighteningatleastfromalogicaladultperspectiveitdoesexist.What’smoreithasbeeninexistenceforsometimeandispopulatedbyhundredsofthousandsofchildrenwhospendhourswithinitsboundariesexperimentingandlearning.ThisworldisnotrealatleastnotinthetraditionalsensebutexistswithinacomputerandisgeneratedbyaneducationalprogramminglanguagecalledLOGO.UnlikeothercomputerlanguagesandprogramsthataredesignedtotestchildrenandprovideapplicationsthatformallydispenseinformationLOGOallowschildrenevenpreschoolchildrentobeintotalcontrol.Childrenteachthecomputertothinkandasaresultdevelopandsharpentheirownreasoningabilities. Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe
Asallthepeopleoftheworldshareoneearthindustrialcountriesshouldberesponsibleforhelpingandcountries.
PassageTwo Arapidmeansoflong-distancetransportationbecameanecessityfortheUnitedStatesassettlement新拓居地spreadeverfartherwestward.Theearlytrainswereimpracticalcuriositiesandforalongtimetherailroadcompaniesmetwithtroublesomemechanicalproblems.Themostseriousonesweretheconstructionofrailsabletobeartheloadandthedevelopmentofasafeeffectivestoppingsystem.Oncetheseweresolvedtherailroadwasestablishedasthebestmeansoflandtransportation.By1860therewerethousandsofmilesofrailroadscrossingtheeasternmountainrangesandreachingwestwardtotheMississippi.Therewerealsoregionalsouthernandwesternlines. Thehighpointinrailroadbuildingcamewiththeconstructionofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem.In1862CongressauthorizedtwowesternrailroadcompaniestobuildlinesfromNebraskawestwardandfromCaliforniaeastwardtoameetingpointsoastocompleteatranscontinentalcrossinglinkingtheAtlanticseaboardwiththePacific.TheGovernmenthelpedtherailroadsgenerouslywithmoneyandland.Actualworkonthisprojectbeganfouryearslater.TheCentralPacificCompanystartingfromCaliforniausedChineselaborwhiletheUnionPacificemployedcrewsofIrishlaborers.Thetwogroupsworkedatremarkablespeedeachtryingtocoveragreaterdistancethantheother.In1869theymetataplacecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah.Manyvisitorscamethereforthegreatoccasion.Therewerejoyouscelebrationsalloverthecountrywithparadesandtheringingofchurchbellstohonorthegreatachievement. Therailroadwasveryimportantinencouragingwestwardmovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryandfarmingbymovingrawmaterialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets.InlinkingtownsandpeopletoOneanotherithelpedunifytheUnitedStates. Theconstructionofthetranscontinentalrailroadtook
Mostyoungpeopleenjoysomeformsofphysicalactivity.Itmaybewalkingbicyclingorswimmingorinwinterskatingorskiing.Itmaybeagameofsome36--footballhockeygolfortennis.Itmaybemountaineering. Thosewhohaveapassionfor37highanddifficultmountainsareoften38withastonishment.Whyaremenandwomenwillingto39coldandhardshipandtotakerisksonhighmountainsThisastonishmentiscaused40bythedifferencebetweenmountaineeringandotherformsofactivityto41mengivetheirleisure.Mountaineeringisasportand42agame.Therearenoman-maderoles43thereareforsuchgamesasgolfandfootball.Thereare44rulesofadifferentkindwhichitwouldbedangerousto45butitisthisfreedomfromman-maderulesthatmakesmountaineering46tomanypeople.Thosewhoclimbmountainsare47tousetheirownmethods. Ifwecomparemountaineeringandothermore48sportswemightthinkthatonebigdifferenceisthat49isnota"teamgame".Weshouldbemistaken50this.Thereareitistreeno"matches"between"team"ofclimbersbutwhenclimbersareonarockface51byaropeonwhichtheirlivesmaydependthereis52teamwork. Themountainclimberknowsthathemay53fightforcesthatarestrongerandmorepowerfulthanman.Hehastofighttheforcesof54.Hissportrequireshighmentalandphysical55. 46
PassageThree Weallassociatecolorswithfeelingandattitudes.Inpoliticsdarkblueoftenmeans"tradition"andredmeans"socialchange".ButbluecanalsomeansadnessI’mfeelingbluewhiteisoftenforpurityalthoughinChinawhiteiswornatweddingsandblackforfunerals.Advertisersareawareoftheimportanceofselectingcolorsaccordingtothewaypeoplereacttothem.Soappowderscomeinwhiteandlightbluepacketscleanandcoldlikeice;cerealsoftencomeinbrownpacketslikewheatfieldsbutcosmeticsnevercomeinbrownjarsdirty. WheredotheseideascomefromMaxLuscherfromtheUniversityofGenevabelievesthatinthebeginninglifewasdictatedbytwofactorsbeyondourcontrol:nightandday.Nightbroughtpassivityandageneralslowingdownofmetabolism;daybroughtwithitthepossibilityofactionandincreaseinthemetabolicratethusprovidinguswithenergyandinitiative.Darkbluethereforeisthecolorofquietandpassivitybrightyellowthecolorofhopeandactivity. Inprehistorictimesactivityasaruletookoneoftwoforms:eitherwewerehuntingandattackingorwewerebeinghuntedanddefendingourselvesagainstattack.Attackisuniversallyrepresentedbythecolorred;self-preservationbyitscomplementgreen. InLuscher'sviewwhichofthefollowingcolorsisassociatedwithdefense
Mostyoungpeopleenjoysomeformsofphysicalactivity.Itmaybewalkingbicyclingorswimmingorinwinterskatingorskiing.Itmaybeagameofsome36--footballhockeygolfortennis.Itmaybemountaineering. Thosewhohaveapassionfor37highanddifficultmountainsareoften38withastonishment.Whyaremenandwomenwillingto39coldandhardshipandtotakerisksonhighmountainsThisastonishmentiscaused40bythedifferencebetweenmountaineeringandotherformsofactivityto41mengivetheirleisure.Mountaineeringisasportand42agame.Therearenoman-maderoles43thereareforsuchgamesasgolfandfootball.Thereare44rulesofadifferentkindwhichitwouldbedangerousto45butitisthisfreedomfromman-maderulesthatmakesmountaineering46tomanypeople.Thosewhoclimbmountainsare47tousetheirownmethods. Ifwecomparemountaineeringandothermore48sportswemightthinkthatonebigdifferenceisthat49isnota"teamgame".Weshouldbemistaken50this.Thereareitistreeno"matches"between"team"ofclimbersbutwhenclimbersareonarockface51byaropeonwhichtheirlivesmaydependthereis52teamwork. Themountainclimberknowsthathemay53fightforcesthatarestrongerandmorepowerfulthanman.Hehastofighttheforcesof54.Hissportrequireshighmentalandphysical55. 38
Electroniccomputerswhichhavemanyadvantagescannotcarryoutcreativeworkandreplaceman.
PassageTwo Arapidmeansoflong-distancetransportationbecameanecessityfortheUnitedStatesassettlement新拓居地spreadeverfartherwestward.Theearlytrainswereimpracticalcuriositiesandforalongtimetherailroadcompaniesmetwithtroublesomemechanicalproblems.Themostseriousonesweretheconstructionofrailsabletobeartheloadandthedevelopmentofasafeeffectivestoppingsystem.Oncetheseweresolvedtherailroadwasestablishedasthebestmeansoflandtransportation.By1860therewerethousandsofmilesofrailroadscrossingtheeasternmountainrangesandreachingwestwardtotheMississippi.Therewerealsoregionalsouthernandwesternlines. Thehighpointinrailroadbuildingcamewiththeconstructionofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem.In1862CongressauthorizedtwowesternrailroadcompaniestobuildlinesfromNebraskawestwardandfromCaliforniaeastwardtoameetingpointsoastocompleteatranscontinentalcrossinglinkingtheAtlanticseaboardwiththePacific.TheGovernmenthelpedtherailroadsgenerouslywithmoneyandland.Actualworkonthisprojectbeganfouryearslater.TheCentralPacificCompanystartingfromCaliforniausedChineselaborwhiletheUnionPacificemployedcrewsofIrishlaborers.Thetwogroupsworkedatremarkablespeedeachtryingtocoveragreaterdistancethantheother.In1869theymetataplacecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah.Manyvisitorscamethereforthegreatoccasion.Therewerejoyouscelebrationsalloverthecountrywithparadesandtheringingofchurchbellstohonorthegreatachievement. Therailroadwasveryimportantinencouragingwestwardmovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryandfarmingbymovingrawmaterialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets.InlinkingtownsandpeopletoOneanotherithelpedunifytheUnitedStates. Whatmostlikelymadepeoplethinkaboutatranscontinentalrailroad
Mostyoungpeopleenjoysomeformsofphysicalactivity.Itmaybewalkingbicyclingorswimmingorinwinterskatingorskiing.Itmaybeagameofsome36--footballhockeygolfortennis.Itmaybemountaineering. Thosewhohaveapassionfor37highanddifficultmountainsareoften38withastonishment.Whyaremenandwomenwillingto39coldandhardshipandtotakerisksonhighmountainsThisastonishmentiscaused40bythedifferencebetweenmountaineeringandotherformsofactivityto41mengivetheirleisure.Mountaineeringisasportand42agame.Therearenoman-maderoles43thereareforsuchgamesasgolfandfootball.Thereare44rulesofadifferentkindwhichitwouldbedangerousto45butitisthisfreedomfromman-maderulesthatmakesmountaineering46tomanypeople.Thosewhoclimbmountainsare47tousetheirownmethods. Ifwecomparemountaineeringandothermore48sportswemightthinkthatonebigdifferenceisthat49isnota"teamgame".Weshouldbemistaken50this.Thereareitistreeno"matches"between"team"ofclimbersbutwhenclimbersareonarockface51byaropeonwhichtheirlivesmaydependthereis52teamwork. Themountainclimberknowsthathemay53fightforcesthatarestrongerandmorepowerfulthanman.Hehastofighttheforcesof54.Hissportrequireshighmentalandphysical55. 54
Mostyoungpeopleenjoysomeformsofphysicalactivity.Itmaybewalkingbicyclingorswimmingorinwinterskatingorskiing.Itmaybeagameofsome36--footballhockeygolfortennis.Itmaybemountaineering. Thosewhohaveapassionfor37highanddifficultmountainsareoften38withastonishment.Whyaremenandwomenwillingto39coldandhardshipandtotakerisksonhighmountainsThisastonishmentiscaused40bythedifferencebetweenmountaineeringandotherformsofactivityto41mengivetheirleisure.Mountaineeringisasportand42agame.Therearenoman-maderoles43thereareforsuchgamesasgolfandfootball.Thereare44rulesofadifferentkindwhichitwouldbedangerousto45butitisthisfreedomfromman-maderulesthatmakesmountaineering46tomanypeople.Thosewhoclimbmountainsare47tousetheirownmethods. Ifwecomparemountaineeringandothermore48sportswemightthinkthatonebigdifferenceisthat49isnota"teamgame".Weshouldbemistaken50this.Thereareitistreeno"matches"between"team"ofclimbersbutwhenclimbersareonarockface51byaropeonwhichtheirlivesmaydependthereis52teamwork. Themountainclimberknowsthathemay53fightforcesthatarestrongerandmorepowerfulthanman.Hehastofighttheforcesof54.Hissportrequireshighmentalandphysical55. 44
Becauseofthefrequentoccurrenceoftrafficjamsinourcitythere’sagrowingtendencyforpeopletotraveltoworkbybicycle.
Mostyoungpeopleenjoysomeformsofphysicalactivity.Itmaybewalkingbicyclingorswimmingorinwinterskatingorskiing.Itmaybeagameofsome36--footballhockeygolfortennis.Itmaybemountaineering. Thosewhohaveapassionfor37highanddifficultmountainsareoften38withastonishment.Whyaremenandwomenwillingto39coldandhardshipandtotakerisksonhighmountainsThisastonishmentiscaused40bythedifferencebetweenmountaineeringandotherformsofactivityto41mengivetheirleisure.Mountaineeringisasportand42agame.Therearenoman-maderoles43thereareforsuchgamesasgolfandfootball.Thereare44rulesofadifferentkindwhichitwouldbedangerousto45butitisthisfreedomfromman-maderulesthatmakesmountaineering46tomanypeople.Thosewhoclimbmountainsare47tousetheirownmethods. Ifwecomparemountaineeringandothermore48sportswemightthinkthatonebigdifferenceisthat49isnota"teamgame".Weshouldbemistaken50this.Thereareitistreeno"matches"between"team"ofclimbersbutwhenclimbersareonarockface51byaropeonwhichtheirlivesmaydependthereis52teamwork. Themountainclimberknowsthathemay53fightforcesthatarestrongerandmorepowerfulthanman.Hehastofighttheforcesof54.Hissportrequireshighmentalandphysical55. 50
PassageThree Weallassociatecolorswithfeelingandattitudes.Inpoliticsdarkblueoftenmeans"tradition"andredmeans"socialchange".ButbluecanalsomeansadnessI’mfeelingbluewhiteisoftenforpurityalthoughinChinawhiteiswornatweddingsandblackforfunerals.Advertisersareawareoftheimportanceofselectingcolorsaccordingtothewaypeoplereacttothem.Soappowderscomeinwhiteandlightbluepacketscleanandcoldlikeice;cerealsoftencomeinbrownpacketslikewheatfieldsbutcosmeticsnevercomeinbrownjarsdirty. WheredotheseideascomefromMaxLuscherfromtheUniversityofGenevabelievesthatinthebeginninglifewasdictatedbytwofactorsbeyondourcontrol:nightandday.Nightbroughtpassivityandageneralslowingdownofmetabolism;daybroughtwithitthepossibilityofactionandincreaseinthemetabolicratethusprovidinguswithenergyandinitiative.Darkbluethereforeisthecolorofquietandpassivitybrightyellowthecolorofhopeandactivity. Inprehistorictimesactivityasaruletookoneoftwoforms:eitherwewerehuntingandattackingorwewerebeinghuntedanddefendingourselvesagainstattack.Attackisuniversallyrepresentedbythecolorred;self-preservationbyitscomplementgreen. Soappowderscomeinwhiteandlightbluepacketsto
Oneinfivepeopleonourlaborforceisdirectlyorindirectlyinvolvedintheagriculturalindustry.
Acompletelynewsituationwillwhentheexaminationsystemcomesintoexistence.
Mostyoungpeopleenjoysomeformsofphysicalactivity.Itmaybewalkingbicyclingorswimmingorinwinterskatingorskiing.Itmaybeagameofsome36--footballhockeygolfortennis.Itmaybemountaineering. Thosewhohaveapassionfor37highanddifficultmountainsareoften38withastonishment.Whyaremenandwomenwillingto39coldandhardshipandtotakerisksonhighmountainsThisastonishmentiscaused40bythedifferencebetweenmountaineeringandotherformsofactivityto41mengivetheirleisure.Mountaineeringisasportand42agame.Therearenoman-maderoles43thereareforsuchgamesasgolfandfootball.Thereare44rulesofadifferentkindwhichitwouldbedangerousto45butitisthisfreedomfromman-maderulesthatmakesmountaineering46tomanypeople.Thosewhoclimbmountainsare47tousetheirownmethods. Ifwecomparemountaineeringandothermore48sportswemightthinkthatonebigdifferenceisthat49isnota"teamgame".Weshouldbemistaken50this.Thereareitistreeno"matches"between"team"ofclimbersbutwhenclimbersareonarockface51byaropeonwhichtheirlivesmaydependthereis52teamwork. Themountainclimberknowsthathemay53fightforcesthatarestrongerandmorepowerfulthanman.Hehastofighttheforcesof54.Hissportrequireshighmentalandphysical55. 42
PassageOne Imagineaworldinwhichchildrenwouldbetherulersandcoulddecidenotonlytheoutcomeofeachandeveryoccurrencebutalsodictatetheverystructureandformoftheenvironment.Inthisworldachild’swildestthoughtswouldbecomerealitylimitedonlybytheextentofhisorherimagination.Whilesuchaworldmightsoundbothfantasticandfrighteningatleastfromalogicaladultperspectiveitdoesexist.What’smoreithasbeeninexistenceforsometimeandispopulatedbyhundredsofthousandsofchildrenwhospendhourswithinitsboundariesexperimentingandlearning.ThisworldisnotrealatleastnotinthetraditionalsensebutexistswithinacomputerandisgeneratedbyaneducationalprogramminglanguagecalledLOGO.UnlikeothercomputerlanguagesandprogramsthataredesignedtotestchildrenandprovideapplicationsthatformallydispenseinformationLOGOallowschildrenevenpreschoolchildrentobeintotalcontrol.Childrenteachthecomputertothinkandasaresultdevelopandsharpentheirownreasoningabilities. LOGOismostcommonlyusedby
PassageFour DuringtheProgressiveMovementwomenbegantoplayanincreasinglyactiveroleinAmericanpolitics.Womenhadlongbeeninterestedinreformmovementsbutthenumberofwomenactiveinpoliticalaffairshadbeenverylimited.Nowtheeducatedmiddleclasswomanbegantogrowtiredofthepassiverolethatmenhadassignedtoher.Herowninterestsasamotherwerebroughtintoplaybyherconcernovertheeducationandwelfareofherchildrenthecityinwhichtheylivedandsuchmunicipalfacilitiesasplaygroundsschoolsandparks.Herinterestsasaconsumerwerealertedbypoliticalstrugglesovertariffstaxesmonopoliesanddishonestyingovernment.Butmoreimportantthanherinterestswerehersympathiesforshewasshockedbythealmostdailyrevelationabouttheterribleworkingconditionsinthemillsandminesofthecountryandthecrowdedconditionsinwhichpoorpeoplelivedincities.WomenbegantodeveloptheirownheroinesofcharitableactivitylikeJaneAdamsthefounderofthefamoussocialsettlementatHullHouseinChicago;andalsotofeelmorestronglyabouttheirownpoliticalrights.BelievingthattheywerefarbetterequippedthanmentointroduceintopoliticsthenoteofhonestyandhumanconcernthatAmericaseemedtoneedsobadlywomeninincreasingnumbersbegantodemandtherighttovote.By1914theyhadthatrightinelevenstatesandtheireffortswerecrownedwithfinalsuccessintheNineteenthAmendmenttotheConstitutionwhichwasratifiedin1920. Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe
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