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代赭石除具有平肝潜阳作用外，还能
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代赭石除具有平肝潜阳作用外还具有的功效是下列哪项
清肝明目
镇惊安神
收敛固涩
降逆止呕
坠痰平喘
代赭石除具有平肝潜阳作用外还能
收敛固涩
镇惊安神
清肝明目
降逆止呕
坠痰平喘
具有平肝潜阳功效的药物是
石决明
代赭石
龙骨
珍珠母
磁石
代赭石除具有平肝潜阳作用外还能具有的功效是
收敛固涩
镇惊安神
清肝明目
降逆止呕
坠痰平喘
代赭石除平肝潜阳外还具有的功效是
镇惊安神
清肝明目
收敛固涩
降逆止呕
坠痰平喘
代赭石除平肝潜阳外又能
凉血止血
清热利尿
镇惊安神
软坚散结
清热解毒
代赭石除具有平肝潜阳作用外还具有的功效是
降气化痰
纳气平喘
重镇安神
降逆止呕
坠痰平喘
代赭石除平肝潜阳外又能
降逆
清肺
纳气
软坚
利尿
代赭石除具有平肝潜阳作用外还具有的功效是
收敛固涩
镇惊安神
清肝明目
降逆止呕
坠痰平喘
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Newspaperpublishersmakemoneymainlyfromsubscribersandadvertisers.It’sbeenthatwayforcenturies.ButinthelastfewyearsanimportantnewincomestreamhasopenedupfornewspapersAmongthepioneersisTheGazetteCompanyinCedarRapidsIowawhichsince1993hasbeenprovidinginformationtoitsreadersdeliveredbybothpaperandincreasinglytheWeb."IfanewspaperviewsitselfasinkonpaperIdon’tthinkitwillsurvive"saysSteveHannahvicepresidentofinformationtechnology. 46Onlinenewspapersarealookintothefutureandjustponderingitraisesthequestionofwhetheritisn’tnicergettingourdailynewscurledupinyourfavoritechairwithyourballpointpenhandytocircleitemsofinterestsorscissorsreadytosnipoutarticlesyouwanttosave.TheGazetteCompanyisbettingitssubscriberswantbothelectronicandpaperoptionsandsofaritseemstoberight. TherestoftheworldismovingintocyberspacemoreslowlythantheUnitedStatesandinthedevelopingworldtheInternethashardlypenetratedatall.47U.N.SecretaryGeneralKofiAnnanisdeterminedtochangethisthroughtheUnitedNationsInformationTechnologyServicewhichwilltrainlargenumbersofpeopletotapintotheincome-enhancingpoweroftheInternet.AnnanisalsoproposinganInternethealthnetworkthatwillprovidestate-of-the-artmedicalknowledgeto10000clinicsandhospitalsinpoorcountries. TheonrushingCyberAgehasgivennewfoundpowertousallasseeninJodyWilliams’sone-womanorganizationusinge-mailtopromoteaglobalbanonlandmines.Yetthisisbutaglimpseofwhat’saheadinthemindsofthoseimmersedinthisgreatandacceleratingtransformation. 48AtMicrosoftBillGatespredictsthatby2018majornewspaperswill"publishtheirlastpapereditionsandmovesolelytoelectronicdistribution"andthatby2020dictionarieswillredefinebooksas"e-Booktitlesreadonscreen". 49ComputershavemetamorphosedfromtheUniversityofPennsylvania’s1946ENIAC--whosemorethan17000vacuumtubeshadlessnumber-crunchingpowerthantoday’slaptop--intothumbnail-sizedcomputerchipscontaining42milliontransistors.WilliamVanDusenWishardpresidentofWorldTrendsResearchisconcerned.50InaspeechtotheIssueManagementCouncilinWashingtonD.Chenotedthat"researchersatCarnegieMellonUniversityciteatwo-yearstud!showingdepressionandlonelinessappearingatgreaterlevelsinep.e.2pleusingtheInternetthaninothersnotusingitornotusingitasmuch.ExtensiveexposuretothewiderworldviatheNetappearstomakepeoplelesssatisfiedwiththeirpersonallives./ AtMicrosoftBillGatespredictsthatby2018majornewspaperswillpublishtheirlastpapereditionsandmovesolelytoelectronicdistributionandthatby2020dictionarieswillredefinebooksase-Booktitlesreadonscreen.
A.Concernedcitizensandscientistshavebeguntotakeaction.Awiderangeofsolutionsisbeingproposedtostopthedestructionofbiodiversityattheregionalaswellasthegloballevel.Since1985theefforthasbecomemorepreciselychartedeconomicallyefficientandpoliticallysensitive. B.Thenewbiodiversitystudieswillleadlogicallytoanelectronicencyclopediaoflifedesignedtoorganizeandmakeimmediatelyavailableeverythingknownabouteachofthemillionsofspecies.Theindustrializedcountrieswillleadforatime.Howeverthebulkoftheworkmusteventuallybedoneinthedevelopingcountries.Thelattercontainsmostoftheworldspeciesandtheyaredestinedtobenefitsoonestfromtheresearch.Thetechnologyneededisrelativelyinexpensiveanditstransfercanbeaccomplishedquickly.Thediscoveriesgeneratedcanbeapplieddirectlytomeettheconcernsofgreatestimportancetothegeographicregioninwhichtheresearchisconductedbeingequallyrelevanttoagriculturemedicineandeconomicgrowth. C.Inthemidstofthisrichnessoflifeformshowevertherateofspeciesextinctionisrisingchieflythroughhabitatdestruction.Mostseriousofallistheconversionoftropicalrainforestswheremostspeciesofanimalsandplantslive.Theratehasbeenestimatedbytwoindependentmethodstofallbetween100and10000timesthepre-humanbackgroundratewith1000timesbeingthemostwidelyacceptedfigure.Thepriceultimatelytobepaidforthiscataclysmisbeyondmeasureinforegonescientificknowledge;newpharmaceuticalandotherproducts;ecosystemsservicessuchaswaterpurificationandsoilrenewal;andnotleastaestheticandspiritualbenefits. D.SincethecurrenthierarchicalbinomialclassificationwasintroducedbyCarolusLinnaeus250yearsago10percentataguessofthespeciesoforganismshavebeendescribed.Itisbelievedthatmostandperhapsnearlyalloftheremaining90percentcanbediscovereddiagnosedandnamedinaslittleasabout25years.Thatpotentialistheresultoftwodevelopmentsneededtoacceleratebiodiversitystudies. E.Theincreasingattentiongiventothebiodiversitycrisishighlightstheinadequacyofbiodiversityresearchitself.Earthremainsinthisrespectarelativelyunexploredplanet.Thetotalnumberofdescribedandformallynamedspeciesoforganismshasgrownbutnotbymuchandtodayisgenerallybelievedtoliesomewherebetween1.5millionand1.8millionThefullnumberincludingspeciesyettobediscoveredhasbeenestimatedinvariousaccountsthatdifferaccordingtoassumptionsandmethodsfromanimprobablylow3.5milliontoanimprobablyhigh100million.Byfarthegreatestfractionoftheunknownspecieswillbeinsectsandmicroorganisms. F.Thepastdecadehaswitnessedtheemergenceofamuchclearerpictureofthemagnitudeofthebiodiversityproblem.Putsimplythebiospherehasprovedtobemorediversethanwasearliersupposedespeciallyinthecaseofsmallmicroorganisms.AnentiredomainoflifetheArchaeahasbeendistinguishedfromthebacteriaandahugestillmostlyunknownandenergeticallyindependentenvironmenthasbeenfoundtoextendthreekilometersormorebelowthesurfaceofEarth.G .Thefirstisinformationtechnologywithwhichhigh-resolutiondigitizedimagesofspecimenscannowbeobtained.Moreovertypespecimensscatteredinmuseumsaroundtheworldcannowbephotographedandmadeinstantlyavailableeverywhereas"types"ontheInternet.ThesecondrevolutionabouttocatapultbiodiversitystudiesforwardisgenomicswhichwillsoonenablescientiststodescribebacterialandAchaeanspeciesbypartialDNAsequencesandtosubsequentlyidentifythembygeneticbarcoding. 44
WithAirbus’giantA380airlinerabouttotaketotheskiesyoumightthinkplanescouldnotgetmuchbigger-andyouwouldberight.Foragivendesignitturns1therecomesapointwherethewingsbecometooheavytogenerate2lifttocarrytheirownweight.3anewwayofdesigningandmakingmaterialscould4thatproblem.Twoengineers5UniversityCollegeLondonhavedevisedallinnovativewaytocustomiseandcontrolthe6ofamaterialthroughoutitsthree-dimensionalstructure. Inthe7ofawingthiswouldmakepossibleamaterialthatisdensestrongandload-bearingatoneendclosetothefuselage8theextremitiescouldbemadelessdenselighterandmore9.Itislikemakingbespokematerials10youcancustomisethephysicalpropertiesofeverycubicmillimetreofastructure. Thenewtechniquecombinesexistingtechnologiesinan11wayItstartsbyusingfinite-element-analysissoftwareofthetypecommonlyusedbyengineers12avirtualprototypeoftheobject.Thesoftwaremodelsthestressesandstrainsthattheobjectwillneedto13throughoutitsstructure.Usingthisinformationitisthen14tocalculatethepreciseforcesactingonmillionsofsmallersubsectionsofthestructure.15ofthesesubsectionsis16treatedasaseparateobjectwithitsownsetofforcesactingonit-andeachsubsection17foradifferentmicrostructuretoabsorbthoselocalforces. Designingsomanymicrostructuresmanually18beahugetasksotheresearchersapplyanoptimisationprogramcalledageneticalgorithm19.Thisusesaprocessofrandomisationandtrial-and-errortosearchthevastnumberofpossiblemicrostructurestofindthemost20designforeachsubsection. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.6
WithAirbus’giantA380airlinerabouttotaketotheskiesyoumightthinkplanescouldnotgetmuchbigger-andyouwouldberight.Foragivendesignitturns1therecomesapointwherethewingsbecometooheavytogenerate2lifttocarrytheirownweight.3anewwayofdesigningandmakingmaterialscould4thatproblem.Twoengineers5UniversityCollegeLondonhavedevisedallinnovativewaytocustomiseandcontrolthe6ofamaterialthroughoutitsthree-dimensionalstructure. Inthe7ofawingthiswouldmakepossibleamaterialthatisdensestrongandload-bearingatoneendclosetothefuselage8theextremitiescouldbemadelessdenselighterandmore9.Itislikemakingbespokematerials10youcancustomisethephysicalpropertiesofeverycubicmillimetreofastructure. Thenewtechniquecombinesexistingtechnologiesinan11wayItstartsbyusingfinite-element-analysissoftwareofthetypecommonlyusedbyengineers12avirtualprototypeoftheobject.Thesoftwaremodelsthestressesandstrainsthattheobjectwillneedto13throughoutitsstructure.Usingthisinformationitisthen14tocalculatethepreciseforcesactingonmillionsofsmallersubsectionsofthestructure.15ofthesesubsectionsis16treatedasaseparateobjectwithitsownsetofforcesactingonit-andeachsubsection17foradifferentmicrostructuretoabsorbthoselocalforces. Designingsomanymicrostructuresmanually18beahugetasksotheresearchersapplyanoptimisationprogramcalledageneticalgorithm19.Thisusesaprocessofrandomisationandtrial-and-errortosearchthevastnumberofpossiblemicrostructurestofindthemost20designforeachsubsection. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.4
简述法律推理的特征
WithAirbus’giantA380airlinerabouttotaketotheskiesyoumightthinkplanescouldnotgetmuchbigger-andyouwouldberight.Foragivendesignitturns1therecomesapointwherethewingsbecometooheavytogenerate2lifttocarrytheirownweight.3anewwayofdesigningandmakingmaterialscould4thatproblem.Twoengineers5UniversityCollegeLondonhavedevisedallinnovativewaytocustomiseandcontrolthe6ofamaterialthroughoutitsthree-dimensionalstructure. Inthe7ofawingthiswouldmakepossibleamaterialthatisdensestrongandload-bearingatoneendclosetothefuselage8theextremitiescouldbemadelessdenselighterandmore9.Itislikemakingbespokematerials10youcancustomisethephysicalpropertiesofeverycubicmillimetreofastructure. Thenewtechniquecombinesexistingtechnologiesinan11wayItstartsbyusingfinite-element-analysissoftwareofthetypecommonlyusedbyengineers12avirtualprototypeoftheobject.Thesoftwaremodelsthestressesandstrainsthattheobjectwillneedto13throughoutitsstructure.Usingthisinformationitisthen14tocalculatethepreciseforcesactingonmillionsofsmallersubsectionsofthestructure.15ofthesesubsectionsis16treatedasaseparateobjectwithitsownsetofforcesactingonit-andeachsubsection17foradifferentmicrostructuretoabsorbthoselocalforces. Designingsomanymicrostructuresmanually18beahugetasksotheresearchersapplyanoptimisationprogramcalledageneticalgorithm19.Thisusesaprocessofrandomisationandtrial-and-errortosearchthevastnumberofpossiblemicrostructurestofindthemost20designforeachsubsection. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.8
简述中央与特别行政区的关系
Newspaperpublishersmakemoneymainlyfromsubscribersandadvertisers.It’sbeenthatwayforcenturies.ButinthelastfewyearsanimportantnewincomestreamhasopenedupfornewspapersAmongthepioneersisTheGazetteCompanyinCedarRapidsIowawhichsince1993hasbeenprovidinginformationtoitsreadersdeliveredbybothpaperandincreasinglytheWeb."IfanewspaperviewsitselfasinkonpaperIdon’tthinkitwillsurvive"saysSteveHannahvicepresidentofinformationtechnology. 46Onlinenewspapersarealookintothefutureandjustponderingitraisesthequestionofwhetheritisn’tnicergettingourdailynewscurledupinyourfavoritechairwithyourballpointpenhandytocircleitemsofinterestsorscissorsreadytosnipoutarticlesyouwanttosave.TheGazetteCompanyisbettingitssubscriberswantbothelectronicandpaperoptionsandsofaritseemstoberight. TherestoftheworldismovingintocyberspacemoreslowlythantheUnitedStatesandinthedevelopingworldtheInternethashardlypenetratedatall.47U.N.SecretaryGeneralKofiAnnanisdeterminedtochangethisthroughtheUnitedNationsInformationTechnologyServicewhichwilltrainlargenumbersofpeopletotapintotheincome-enhancingpoweroftheInternet.AnnanisalsoproposinganInternethealthnetworkthatwillprovidestate-of-the-artmedicalknowledgeto10000clinicsandhospitalsinpoorcountries. TheonrushingCyberAgehasgivennewfoundpowertousallasseeninJodyWilliams’sone-womanorganizationusinge-mailtopromoteaglobalbanonlandmines.Yetthisisbutaglimpseofwhat’saheadinthemindsofthoseimmersedinthisgreatandacceleratingtransformation. 48AtMicrosoftBillGatespredictsthatby2018majornewspaperswill"publishtheirlastpapereditionsandmovesolelytoelectronicdistribution"andthatby2020dictionarieswillredefinebooksas"e-Booktitlesreadonscreen". 49ComputershavemetamorphosedfromtheUniversityofPennsylvania’s1946ENIAC--whosemorethan17000vacuumtubeshadlessnumber-crunchingpowerthantoday’slaptop--intothumbnail-sizedcomputerchipscontaining42milliontransistors.WilliamVanDusenWishardpresidentofWorldTrendsResearchisconcerned.50InaspeechtotheIssueManagementCouncilinWashingtonD.Chenotedthat"researchersatCarnegieMellonUniversityciteatwo-yearstud!showingdepressionandlonelinessappearingatgreaterlevelsinep.e.2pleusingtheInternetthaninothersnotusingitornotusingitasmuch.ExtensiveexposuretothewiderworldviatheNetappearstomakepeoplelesssatisfiedwiththeirpersonallives./ Onlinenewspapersarealookintothefutureandjustponderingitraisesthequestionofwhetheritisn’tnicergettingourdailynewscurledupinyourfavoritechairwithyourballpointpenhandytocircleitemsofinterestsorscissorsreadytosnipoutarticlesyouwanttosave.
Wellhemadeitup.Allofitapparently.AccordingtoareportpublishedonDecember29thbySeoulNationalUniversityinSouthKoreaitserstwhileemployeeHwangWoo-sukwhohadtenderedhisresignationsixdaysearlierdeliberatelyfalsifiedhisdatainthepaperonhumanembryonicstemcellsthatheand24colleaguespublishedinScienceinMay2005.InparticularDrHwangclaimedhehadcreated11coloniesofhumanembryonicstemcellsgeneticallymatchedtospecificpatients.HehadalreadyadmittedthatnineofthesewerebogusbuthadsaidthatthiswastheresultofanhonestmistakeandthattheothertwowerestilltherealMcCoy.Apanelofexpertsappointedbytheuniversitytoinvestigatethematterhoweverdisagreed.TheyfoundthatDNAfingerprinttracesconductedonthestem-celllinesreportedinthepaperhadbeenmanipulatedtomakeitseemasifall11linesweretailoredtospecificpatients.Infactnoneofthemmatchedthevolunteerswithspinal-cordinjuriesanddiabeteswhohaddonatedskincellsforthework.ToobtainhispromisingresultsDrHwanghadsentfortestingtwosamplesfromeachdonorratherthanasamplefromthedonorandasampleofthecellsintowhichthedonor’sDNAhadsupposedlybeentransplanted.Thepanelalsofoundthatasecondclaiminthepaper-thatonly185eggswereusedtocreatethe11stem-celllines-wasfalse.Theinvestigatorssaidtheactualnumberofeggsusedwasfarlargerinthethousandsalthoughtheywereunabletodetermineanexactfigure.Thereasonthisdoublefraudissuchablowisthathumanembryonicstem-cellresearchhasgreatexpectations.StemcellswhichhavenotyetbeenprogrammedtospecialiseandcanthusinprinciplegrowintoanytissueororgancouldbeusedtotreatillnessesrangingfromdiabetestoParkinson’sdisease.Theymightevenbeabletofixspinal-cordinjuries.AndstemcellsclonedfromapatientwouldnotberejectedasforeignbyhisimmunesystemDrHwang’sreputationofcourseisintatters.Theuniversityisnowinvestigatingtwoothergroundbreakingexperimentsheclaimstohaveconducted-thecreationoftheworld’sfirstclonedhumanembryoandtheextractionofstemcellsfromitandthecreationoftheworld’sfirstcloneddog.Heisalsointroubleforbreachingethicalguidelinesbyusingeggsdonatedbymembersofhisresearchteam.Anditisevenpossiblethatthewholefarcemayhavebeenfornothing.Clonedembryosmightbetheidealsourceofstemcellsintendedtotreatdiseasebutifitprovestoodifficulttocreatethemarough-and-readyalternativemaysuffice.ThephraseintattersLine1Par
WithAirbus’giantA380airlinerabouttotaketotheskiesyoumightthinkplanescouldnotgetmuchbigger-andyouwouldberight.Foragivendesignitturns1therecomesapointwherethewingsbecometooheavytogenerate2lifttocarrytheirownweight.3anewwayofdesigningandmakingmaterialscould4thatproblem.Twoengineers5UniversityCollegeLondonhavedevisedallinnovativewaytocustomiseandcontrolthe6ofamaterialthroughoutitsthree-dimensionalstructure. Inthe7ofawingthiswouldmakepossibleamaterialthatisdensestrongandload-bearingatoneendclosetothefuselage8theextremitiescouldbemadelessdenselighterandmore9.Itislikemakingbespokematerials10youcancustomisethephysicalpropertiesofeverycubicmillimetreofastructure. Thenewtechniquecombinesexistingtechnologiesinan11wayItstartsbyusingfinite-element-analysissoftwareofthetypecommonlyusedbyengineers12avirtualprototypeoftheobject.Thesoftwaremodelsthestressesandstrainsthattheobjectwillneedto13throughoutitsstructure.Usingthisinformationitisthen14tocalculatethepreciseforcesactingonmillionsofsmallersubsectionsofthestructure.15ofthesesubsectionsis16treatedasaseparateobjectwithitsownsetofforcesactingonit-andeachsubsection17foradifferentmicrostructuretoabsorbthoselocalforces. Designingsomanymicrostructuresmanually18beahugetasksotheresearchersapplyanoptimisationprogramcalledageneticalgorithm19.Thisusesaprocessofrandomisationandtrial-and-errortosearchthevastnumberofpossiblemicrostructurestofindthemost20designforeachsubsection. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.20
WithAirbus’giantA380airlinerabouttotaketotheskiesyoumightthinkplanescouldnotgetmuchbigger-andyouwouldberight.Foragivendesignitturns1therecomesapointwherethewingsbecometooheavytogenerate2lifttocarrytheirownweight.3anewwayofdesigningandmakingmaterialscould4thatproblem.Twoengineers5UniversityCollegeLondonhavedevisedallinnovativewaytocustomiseandcontrolthe6ofamaterialthroughoutitsthree-dimensionalstructure. Inthe7ofawingthiswouldmakepossibleamaterialthatisdensestrongandload-bearingatoneendclosetothefuselage8theextremitiescouldbemadelessdenselighterandmore9.Itislikemakingbespokematerials10youcancustomisethephysicalpropertiesofeverycubicmillimetreofastructure. Thenewtechniquecombinesexistingtechnologiesinan11wayItstartsbyusingfinite-element-analysissoftwareofthetypecommonlyusedbyengineers12avirtualprototypeoftheobject.Thesoftwaremodelsthestressesandstrainsthattheobjectwillneedto13throughoutitsstructure.Usingthisinformationitisthen14tocalculatethepreciseforcesactingonmillionsofsmallersubsectionsofthestructure.15ofthesesubsectionsis16treatedasaseparateobjectwithitsownsetofforcesactingonit-andeachsubsection17foradifferentmicrostructuretoabsorbthoselocalforces. Designingsomanymicrostructuresmanually18beahugetasksotheresearchersapplyanoptimisationprogramcalledageneticalgorithm19.Thisusesaprocessofrandomisationandtrial-and-errortosearchthevastnumberofpossiblemicrostructurestofindthemost20designforeachsubsection. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.16
Newspaperpublishersmakemoneymainlyfromsubscribersandadvertisers.It’sbeenthatwayforcenturies.ButinthelastfewyearsanimportantnewincomestreamhasopenedupfornewspapersAmongthepioneersisTheGazetteCompanyinCedarRapidsIowawhichsince1993hasbeenprovidinginformationtoitsreadersdeliveredbybothpaperandincreasinglytheWeb."IfanewspaperviewsitselfasinkonpaperIdon’tthinkitwillsurvive"saysSteveHannahvicepresidentofinformationtechnology. 46Onlinenewspapersarealookintothefutureandjustponderingitraisesthequestionofwhetheritisn’tnicergettingourdailynewscurledupinyourfavoritechairwithyourballpointpenhandytocircleitemsofinterestsorscissorsreadytosnipoutarticlesyouwanttosave.TheGazetteCompanyisbettingitssubscriberswantbothelectronicandpaperoptionsandsofaritseemstoberight. TherestoftheworldismovingintocyberspacemoreslowlythantheUnitedStatesandinthedevelopingworldtheInternethashardlypenetratedatall.47U.N.SecretaryGeneralKofiAnnanisdeterminedtochangethisthroughtheUnitedNationsInformationTechnologyServicewhichwilltrainlargenumbersofpeopletotapintotheincome-enhancingpoweroftheInternet.AnnanisalsoproposinganInternethealthnetworkthatwillprovidestate-of-the-artmedicalknowledgeto10000clinicsandhospitalsinpoorcountries. TheonrushingCyberAgehasgivennewfoundpowertousallasseeninJodyWilliams’sone-womanorganizationusinge-mailtopromoteaglobalbanonlandmines.Yetthisisbutaglimpseofwhat’saheadinthemindsofthoseimmersedinthisgreatandacceleratingtransformation. 48AtMicrosoftBillGatespredictsthatby2018majornewspaperswill"publishtheirlastpapereditionsandmovesolelytoelectronicdistribution"andthatby2020dictionarieswillredefinebooksas"e-Booktitlesreadonscreen". 49ComputershavemetamorphosedfromtheUniversityofPennsylvania’s1946ENIAC--whosemorethan17000vacuumtubeshadlessnumber-crunchingpowerthantoday’slaptop--intothumbnail-sizedcomputerchipscontaining42milliontransistors.WilliamVanDusenWishardpresidentofWorldTrendsResearchisconcerned.50InaspeechtotheIssueManagementCouncilinWashingtonD.Chenotedthat"researchersatCarnegieMellonUniversityciteatwo-yearstud!showingdepressionandlonelinessappearingatgreaterlevelsinep.e.2pleusingtheInternetthaninothersnotusingitornotusingitasmuch.ExtensiveexposuretothewiderworldviatheNetappearstomakepeoplelesssatisfiedwiththeirpersonallives./ InaspeechtotheIssueManagementCouncilinWashingtonD.ChenotedthatresearchersatCarnegieMellonUniversityciteatwo-yearstud!showingdepressionandlonelinessappearingatgreaterlevelsinep.e.2pleusingtheInternetthaninothersnotusingitornotusingitasmuch.
试比较法的规范作用和社会作用之区别
AccordingtostudiescitedbytheNationalEatingDisordersAssociation42percentofgirlsinfirstthroughthirdgradewanttobethinner81percentof10-year-oldsareafraidofbeingfatand51percentof9-and10-year-oldgirlsfeelbetteraboutthemselvesiftheyareonadiet.Inmanywaysthisfixationonweightateverearlieragescomesataninopportunetimephysiologically.AtarecentHadassahmeetingattheWoodlandsCommunityTempleinWhitePlainsDr.MaxcieSchneiderthedirectorofadolescentmedicineatGreenwichHospitalandEricaLeonaregistereddietitianspokeaboutearlyadolescenceasatimewhenalittlebitofpudginessisnecessaryforpropergrowthandyoungsterswrestleconstantlywiththeirbodyimage.Ican’ttellyouhowmanykidsI’veseenwho’vebeenontheAtkinsdietorontheSouthBeachdietMs.Leonsaidaddingthatoverweightchildrenwhotrydietscanbeatriskofdevelopingeatingdisorders.AfterthepresentationthreemothersfromHartsdalewhowantedtohelptheirchildrenavoidsuchissuesspokeabouthowtheiryoungdaughtersarealreadybeginningtobecomeweight-conscious.Anorexiaisamentalillnessinwhichthevictimeatsbarelyenoughtosurvivebecauseherdistortedthinkingmakesherthinksheisfat.BulimiaamentalillnessinwhichsomeonebingesonlargeamountsoffoodthenpurgesitthroughvomitingortheabuseoflaxativesisontheriseandissurfacinginyoungerandyoungerpatientsmostlygirlssaidJudyScheelthedirectoroftheCenterforEatingDisorderRecoveryinMountKisco.About90percentofvictimsofeatingdisordersarefemaleandoftenthemalevictimsareonteamslikewrestlingandcrewwheretheymustkeeptheirweightlowforcompetitivereasons.Dr.Scheelbelievesthatwheregirlsclaimtheeatingdisorderenablesthemtobethinboystypicallystatetheirgoalistoachieveormaintainamuscularbutthinphysique.Theaverageonsetforbulimiausedtobe17buttoseeteenagersage14and15withbulimiaiscommonthesedaysDr.Scheelsaid.Otherpeoplebelievethedisordershavegeneticorchemicalcomponentsandmanypeoplewitheatingdisordersrespondwelltoanti-depressantsforexample.Acertainamountofeducationisnecessarytohelpyoungpeopleavoidbecomingobsessedwiththeirbodyimage.TeachersneedtostayoutsideoftalkingaboutdietsDr.Scheelsaid.It’slikeaparentalwaystalkingabouttheirnextdiet.Youhavetohelpachildunderstandthatifyoucathealthilyandexerciseyourbodyisgoingtotakecareofitself.AndinrelativelyhomogenouspopulationslikeinsomeWestchesterschoolscompetitionrunshigh.Sotheyoungpeopledon’treallyseehowbeautifuldiversityisshesaidandtheytendtoallbecompetingforkindofthesamegoals./TheauthorcitessomeWestchesterschoolstoindicatethat______.
AccordingtostudiescitedbytheNationalEatingDisordersAssociation42percentofgirlsinfirstthroughthirdgradewanttobethinner81percentof10-year-oldsareafraidofbeingfatand51percentof9-and10-year-oldgirlsfeelbetteraboutthemselvesiftheyareonadiet.Inmanywaysthisfixationonweightateverearlieragescomesataninopportunetimephysiologically.AtarecentHadassahmeetingattheWoodlandsCommunityTempleinWhitePlainsDr.MaxcieSchneiderthedirectorofadolescentmedicineatGreenwichHospitalandEricaLeonaregistereddietitianspokeaboutearlyadolescenceasatimewhenalittlebitofpudginessisnecessaryforpropergrowthandyoungsterswrestleconstantlywiththeirbodyimage.Ican’ttellyouhowmanykidsI’veseenwho’vebeenontheAtkinsdietorontheSouthBeachdietMs.Leonsaidaddingthatoverweightchildrenwhotrydietscanbeatriskofdevelopingeatingdisorders.AfterthepresentationthreemothersfromHartsdalewhowantedtohelptheirchildrenavoidsuchissuesspokeabouthowtheiryoungdaughtersarealreadybeginningtobecomeweight-conscious.Anorexiaisamentalillnessinwhichthevictimeatsbarelyenoughtosurvivebecauseherdistortedthinkingmakesherthinksheisfat.BulimiaamentalillnessinwhichsomeonebingesonlargeamountsoffoodthenpurgesitthroughvomitingortheabuseoflaxativesisontheriseandissurfacinginyoungerandyoungerpatientsmostlygirlssaidJudyScheelthedirectoroftheCenterforEatingDisorderRecoveryinMountKisco.About90percentofvictimsofeatingdisordersarefemaleandoftenthemalevictimsareonteamslikewrestlingandcrewwheretheymustkeeptheirweightlowforcompetitivereasons.Dr.Scheelbelievesthatwheregirlsclaimtheeatingdisorderenablesthemtobethinboystypicallystatetheirgoalistoachieveormaintainamuscularbutthinphysique.Theaverageonsetforbulimiausedtobe17buttoseeteenagersage14and15withbulimiaiscommonthesedaysDr.Scheelsaid.Otherpeoplebelievethedisordershavegeneticorchemicalcomponentsandmanypeoplewitheatingdisordersrespondwelltoanti-depressantsforexample.Acertainamountofeducationisnecessarytohelpyoungpeopleavoidbecomingobsessedwiththeirbodyimage.TeachersneedtostayoutsideoftalkingaboutdietsDr.Scheelsaid.It’slikeaparentalwaystalkingabouttheirnextdiet.Youhavetohelpachildunderstandthatifyoucathealthilyandexerciseyourbodyisgoingtotakecareofitself.AndinrelativelyhomogenouspopulationslikeinsomeWestchesterschoolscompetitionrunshigh.Sotheyoungpeopledon’treallyseehowbeautifuldiversityisshesaidandtheytendtoallbecompetingforkindofthesamegoals./ThestudiescitedbytheNationalEatingDisordersAssociationisbasedon______.
Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressayyoushouldfirstdescribethedrawingtheninterpretitsmeaningandgiveyourcommentonit.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.
WithAirbus’giantA380airlinerabouttotaketotheskiesyoumightthinkplanescouldnotgetmuchbigger-andyouwouldberight.Foragivendesignitturns1therecomesapointwherethewingsbecometooheavytogenerate2lifttocarrytheirownweight.3anewwayofdesigningandmakingmaterialscould4thatproblem.Twoengineers5UniversityCollegeLondonhavedevisedallinnovativewaytocustomiseandcontrolthe6ofamaterialthroughoutitsthree-dimensionalstructure. Inthe7ofawingthiswouldmakepossibleamaterialthatisdensestrongandload-bearingatoneendclosetothefuselage8theextremitiescouldbemadelessdenselighterandmore9.Itislikemakingbespokematerials10youcancustomisethephysicalpropertiesofeverycubicmillimetreofastructure. Thenewtechniquecombinesexistingtechnologiesinan11wayItstartsbyusingfinite-element-analysissoftwareofthetypecommonlyusedbyengineers12avirtualprototypeoftheobject.Thesoftwaremodelsthestressesandstrainsthattheobjectwillneedto13throughoutitsstructure.Usingthisinformationitisthen14tocalculatethepreciseforcesactingonmillionsofsmallersubsectionsofthestructure.15ofthesesubsectionsis16treatedasaseparateobjectwithitsownsetofforcesactingonit-andeachsubsection17foradifferentmicrostructuretoabsorbthoselocalforces. Designingsomanymicrostructuresmanually18beahugetasksotheresearchersapplyanoptimisationprogramcalledageneticalgorithm19.Thisusesaprocessofrandomisationandtrial-and-errortosearchthevastnumberofpossiblemicrostructurestofindthemost20designforeachsubsection. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.12
WithAirbus’giantA380airlinerabouttotaketotheskiesyoumightthinkplanescouldnotgetmuchbigger-andyouwouldberight.Foragivendesignitturns1therecomesapointwherethewingsbecometooheavytogenerate2lifttocarrytheirownweight.3anewwayofdesigningandmakingmaterialscould4thatproblem.Twoengineers5UniversityCollegeLondonhavedevisedallinnovativewaytocustomiseandcontrolthe6ofamaterialthroughoutitsthree-dimensionalstructure. Inthe7ofawingthiswouldmakepossibleamaterialthatisdensestrongandload-bearingatoneendclosetothefuselage8theextremitiescouldbemadelessdenselighterandmore9.Itislikemakingbespokematerials10youcancustomisethephysicalpropertiesofeverycubicmillimetreofastructure. Thenewtechniquecombinesexistingtechnologiesinan11wayItstartsbyusingfinite-element-analysissoftwareofthetypecommonlyusedbyengineers12avirtualprototypeoftheobject.Thesoftwaremodelsthestressesandstrainsthattheobjectwillneedto13throughoutitsstructure.Usingthisinformationitisthen14tocalculatethepreciseforcesactingonmillionsofsmallersubsectionsofthestructure.15ofthesesubsectionsis16treatedasaseparateobjectwithitsownsetofforcesactingonit-andeachsubsection17foradifferentmicrostructuretoabsorbthoselocalforces. Designingsomanymicrostructuresmanually18beahugetasksotheresearchersapplyanoptimisationprogramcalledageneticalgorithm19.Thisusesaprocessofrandomisationandtrial-and-errortosearchthevastnumberofpossiblemicrostructurestofindthemost20designforeachsubsection. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.14
A.Concernedcitizensandscientistshavebeguntotakeaction.Awiderangeofsolutionsisbeingproposedtostopthedestructionofbiodiversityattheregionalaswellasthegloballevel.Since1985theefforthasbecomemorepreciselychartedeconomicallyefficientandpoliticallysensitive. B.Thenewbiodiversitystudieswillleadlogicallytoanelectronicencyclopediaoflifedesignedtoorganizeandmakeimmediatelyavailableeverythingknownabouteachofthemillionsofspecies.Theindustrializedcountrieswillleadforatime.Howeverthebulkoftheworkmusteventuallybedoneinthedevelopingcountries.Thelattercontainsmostoftheworldspeciesandtheyaredestinedtobenefitsoonestfromtheresearch.Thetechnologyneededisrelativelyinexpensiveanditstransfercanbeaccomplishedquickly.Thediscoveriesgeneratedcanbeapplieddirectlytomeettheconcernsofgreatestimportancetothegeographicregioninwhichtheresearchisconductedbeingequallyrelevanttoagriculturemedicineandeconomicgrowth. C.Inthemidstofthisrichnessoflifeformshowevertherateofspeciesextinctionisrisingchieflythroughhabitatdestruction.Mostseriousofallistheconversionoftropicalrainforestswheremostspeciesofanimalsandplantslive.Theratehasbeenestimatedbytwoindependentmethodstofallbetween100and10000timesthepre-humanbackgroundratewith1000timesbeingthemostwidelyacceptedfigure.Thepriceultimatelytobepaidforthiscataclysmisbeyondmeasureinforegonescientificknowledge;newpharmaceuticalandotherproducts;ecosystemsservicessuchaswaterpurificationandsoilrenewal;andnotleastaestheticandspiritualbenefits. D.SincethecurrenthierarchicalbinomialclassificationwasintroducedbyCarolusLinnaeus250yearsago10percentataguessofthespeciesoforganismshavebeendescribed.Itisbelievedthatmostandperhapsnearlyalloftheremaining90percentcanbediscovereddiagnosedandnamedinaslittleasabout25years.Thatpotentialistheresultoftwodevelopmentsneededtoacceleratebiodiversitystudies. E.Theincreasingattentiongiventothebiodiversitycrisishighlightstheinadequacyofbiodiversityresearchitself.Earthremainsinthisrespectarelativelyunexploredplanet.Thetotalnumberofdescribedandformallynamedspeciesoforganismshasgrownbutnotbymuchandtodayisgenerallybelievedtoliesomewherebetween1.5millionand1.8millionThefullnumberincludingspeciesyettobediscoveredhasbeenestimatedinvariousaccountsthatdifferaccordingtoassumptionsandmethodsfromanimprobablylow3.5milliontoanimprobablyhigh100million.Byfarthegreatestfractionoftheunknownspecieswillbeinsectsandmicroorganisms. F.Thepastdecadehaswitnessedtheemergenceofamuchclearerpictureofthemagnitudeofthebiodiversityproblem.Putsimplythebiospherehasprovedtobemorediversethanwasearliersupposedespeciallyinthecaseofsmallmicroorganisms.AnentiredomainoflifetheArchaeahasbeendistinguishedfromthebacteriaandahugestillmostlyunknownandenergeticallyindependentenvironmenthasbeenfoundtoextendthreekilometersormorebelowthesurfaceofEarth.G .Thefirstisinformationtechnologywithwhichhigh-resolutiondigitizedimagesofspecimenscannowbeobtained.Moreovertypespecimensscatteredinmuseumsaroundtheworldcannowbephotographedandmadeinstantlyavailableeverywhereas"types"ontheInternet.ThesecondrevolutionabouttocatapultbiodiversitystudiesforwardisgenomicswhichwillsoonenablescientiststodescribebacterialandAchaeanspeciesbypartialDNAsequencesandtosubsequentlyidentifythembygeneticbarcoding. 42
WithAirbus’giantA380airlinerabouttotaketotheskiesyoumightthinkplanescouldnotgetmuchbigger-andyouwouldberight.Foragivendesignitturns1therecomesapointwherethewingsbecometooheavytogenerate2lifttocarrytheirownweight.3anewwayofdesigningandmakingmaterialscould4thatproblem.Twoengineers5UniversityCollegeLondonhavedevisedallinnovativewaytocustomiseandcontrolthe6ofamaterialthroughoutitsthree-dimensionalstructure. Inthe7ofawingthiswouldmakepossibleamaterialthatisdensestrongandload-bearingatoneendclosetothefuselage8theextremitiescouldbemadelessdenselighterandmore9.Itislikemakingbespokematerials10youcancustomisethephysicalpropertiesofeverycubicmillimetreofastructure. Thenewtechniquecombinesexistingtechnologiesinan11wayItstartsbyusingfinite-element-analysissoftwareofthetypecommonlyusedbyengineers12avirtualprototypeoftheobject.Thesoftwaremodelsthestressesandstrainsthattheobjectwillneedto13throughoutitsstructure.Usingthisinformationitisthen14tocalculatethepreciseforcesactingonmillionsofsmallersubsectionsofthestructure.15ofthesesubsectionsis16treatedasaseparateobjectwithitsownsetofforcesactingonit-andeachsubsection17foradifferentmicrostructuretoabsorbthoselocalforces. Designingsomanymicrostructuresmanually18beahugetasksotheresearchersapplyanoptimisationprogramcalledageneticalgorithm19.Thisusesaprocessofrandomisationandtrial-and-errortosearchthevastnumberofpossiblemicrostructurestofindthemost20designforeachsubsection. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.18
WithAirbus’giantA380airlinerabouttotaketotheskiesyoumightthinkplanescouldnotgetmuchbigger-andyouwouldberight.Foragivendesignitturns1therecomesapointwherethewingsbecometooheavytogenerate2lifttocarrytheirownweight.3anewwayofdesigningandmakingmaterialscould4thatproblem.Twoengineers5UniversityCollegeLondonhavedevisedallinnovativewaytocustomiseandcontrolthe6ofamaterialthroughoutitsthree-dimensionalstructure. Inthe7ofawingthiswouldmakepossibleamaterialthatisdensestrongandload-bearingatoneendclosetothefuselage8theextremitiescouldbemadelessdenselighterandmore9.Itislikemakingbespokematerials10youcancustomisethephysicalpropertiesofeverycubicmillimetreofastructure. Thenewtechniquecombinesexistingtechnologiesinan11wayItstartsbyusingfinite-element-analysissoftwareofthetypecommonlyusedbyengineers12avirtualprototypeoftheobject.Thesoftwaremodelsthestressesandstrainsthattheobjectwillneedto13throughoutitsstructure.Usingthisinformationitisthen14tocalculatethepreciseforcesactingonmillionsofsmallersubsectionsofthestructure.15ofthesesubsectionsis16treatedasaseparateobjectwithitsownsetofforcesactingonit-andeachsubsection17foradifferentmicrostructuretoabsorbthoselocalforces. Designingsomanymicrostructuresmanually18beahugetasksotheresearchersapplyanoptimisationprogramcalledageneticalgorithm19.Thisusesaprocessofrandomisationandtrial-and-errortosearchthevastnumberofpossiblemicrostructurestofindthemost20designforeachsubsection. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10
Theideaofhumanoidrobotsisnotnewofcourse.TheyhavebeenpartoftheimaginativelandscapeeversinceKarlCapekaCzechwriterfirstdreamedthemupforhis1921playRossum’sUniversalRobots.ThewordrobotcomesfromtheCzechwordfordrudgeryrobota.SincethenHollywoodhasproducedcountlessvariationsonthethemefromthesultryFalseMariainFritzLang’ssilentmasterpieceMetropolistothewitteringC-3POinStarWarsandtheruthlessassassinofTerminator.Humanoidrobotshavewalkedintoourcollectivesubconsciouscolouringourviewsofthefuture.ButnowJapan’sindustrialgiantsarespendingbillionsofyentomakesuchrobotsareality.Theirnewhumanoidsrepresentimpressivefeatsofengineering:whenHondaintroducedAsimoafour-footrobotthathadbeenindevelopmentforsome15yearsitwalkedsofluidlythatitswhitearticulatedexteriorseemedtoconcealahuman.Hondacontinuestomakethemachinefasterfriendlierandmoreagile.LastOctoberwhenAsimowasinductedintotheRobotHallofFameinPittsburghitwalkedontothestageandaccepteditsownplaque.AttwoandahalffeettallSony’sQRIOissmallerandmoretoy-likethanAsimo.Itwalksunderstandsasmallnumberofvoicecommandsandcannavigateonitsown.Ifitfallsoveritgetsupandresumeswhereitleftoff.ItcanevenconnectwirelesslytotheInternetandbroadcastwhatitscameraeyescansee.In2003SonydemonstratedanupgradedQRIOthatcouldrun.HondarespondedlastDecemberwithaversionofAsimothatrunsattwicethespeed.In2004ToyotajoinedthefraywithitsownfamilyofrobotscalledPartneroneofwhichisafour-foothumanoidthatplaysthetrumpet.Itsfingersworktheinstrument’svalvesandithasmechanicallungsandartificiallips.Toyotahopestoofferacommercialversionoftherobotby2010.Thismonth50PartnerrobotswillactasguidesatExpo2005inAichiJapan.Despitetheirsuddenproliferationhoweverhumanoidsarestillamechanicalminority.Mostoftheworld’srobotsarefacelessfootlessandmute.Theyareboltedtothefloorsoffactoriesstampingoutcarpartsorweldingpiecesofmetalmachinesmakingmoremachines.AccordingtotheUnitedNationsbusinessordersforindustrialrobotsjumped18%inthefirsthalfof2004.Theymaysoonbeoutnumberedbydomesticrobotssuchasself-navigatingvacuumcleanerslawnmowersandwindowwasherswhicharesellingfast.Butneitherindustrialnordomesticrobotsarehumanoid.Accordingtotheauthor’sdescriptionAsimo______.
Ifyouarewhatyoueatthenyouarealsowhatyoubuytoeat.Andmostlywhatpeoplebuyisscrawledontoagrocerylistthoseetherealscrapsofpaperthatrecordtheshorthandofwhereweshopandhowwefeedourselves.Mostgrocerylistsendupinthegarbage.ButifyouliveinSt.Louistheymighthaveahalf-lifeyouneverimagined:asaculturaldocumentpostedontheInternet.ForthepastdecadeBillKeaggy33thefeaturesphotoeditoratTheSt.LouisPost-Dispatchhasbeencollectinggrocerylistsandsince1999hasbeenpostingthemonlineatwww.grocerylistsorg.Thecollectionwhichnownumbersmorethan500listsisstrangelyaddictive.Thelistselicittwofoldcuriosity-aboutthekindofmealthepersonwasplanningandthekindofpersonwhowouldmakesuchameal.WhatwastheshopperwithvodkalightersmilkandicecreamonhislistplanningtodowiththemInwhatorderwouldtheybeconsumedWasitaheorasheWhohadwrittenTootiefoodkittenchowbirdfoodsticktoasterscramblescoffeedrinksSomeshoppersorganizetheirlistsbyaisle;othersstartwithdairygotocleaningsuppliesandthenbacktodairybeforeveeringofftoHomeDepot.Afewmeticulousonesnotethepriceofeveryitem.OneshopperhadwritteninlargelettersonanenvelopesimplyMilk.Thethinlinesofinkandpenciljuttingandloopingacrosscrinkledandtornpiecesofpaperhaveapurelygraphicbeauty.Oneoflife’smostbanaldutiesviewedthroughthecuratoriallenscansomehowseempregnantwithpossibility.Itcanevenappearpoeticasinthelistthatreadsmeatcigsbunstreats.OnethingKeaggydiscoveredisthatDanQuayleisnotalone-fewpeoplecanspellbananasandbagelsletalonepotato.Onelistcallsforsuchiandstrimp.SomepeoplepassjudgmentonthethingstheybuyKeaggysays.AttheendofonelisttheshopperwroteBudLightandthengoodbeer.Anotherscribbledgoodloafofwhitebread.SomepassjudgmentonthemselvesliketheshopperwhowrotereadstayhomeorgosomewhereIactlikemymomgotoKentuckyunderwearlemon.Peoplesendmessagestooneanothertoo.Buriedinonelististhisstatement:IfyoubuymorericeI’llpunchyou.Andplentyofshoppersliketheonewithbothicecreamanddietpillsonthelistrevealtheirvices.Whatwouldpeopleusuallydowiththeirgrocerylistaftershopping
Wellhemadeitup.Allofitapparently.AccordingtoareportpublishedonDecember29thbySeoulNationalUniversityinSouthKoreaitserstwhileemployeeHwangWoo-sukwhohadtenderedhisresignationsixdaysearlierdeliberatelyfalsifiedhisdatainthepaperonhumanembryonicstemcellsthatheand24colleaguespublishedinScienceinMay2005.InparticularDrHwangclaimedhehadcreated11coloniesofhumanembryonicstemcellsgeneticallymatchedtospecificpatients.HehadalreadyadmittedthatnineofthesewerebogusbuthadsaidthatthiswastheresultofanhonestmistakeandthattheothertwowerestilltherealMcCoy.Apanelofexpertsappointedbytheuniversitytoinvestigatethematterhoweverdisagreed.TheyfoundthatDNAfingerprinttracesconductedonthestem-celllinesreportedinthepaperhadbeenmanipulatedtomakeitseemasifall11linesweretailoredtospecificpatients.Infactnoneofthemmatchedthevolunteerswithspinal-cordinjuriesanddiabeteswhohaddonatedskincellsforthework.ToobtainhispromisingresultsDrHwanghadsentfortestingtwosamplesfromeachdonorratherthanasamplefromthedonorandasampleofthecellsintowhichthedonor’sDNAhadsupposedlybeentransplanted.Thepanelalsofoundthatasecondclaiminthepaper-thatonly185eggswereusedtocreatethe11stem-celllines-wasfalse.Theinvestigatorssaidtheactualnumberofeggsusedwasfarlargerinthethousandsalthoughtheywereunabletodetermineanexactfigure.Thereasonthisdoublefraudissuchablowisthathumanembryonicstem-cellresearchhasgreatexpectations.StemcellswhichhavenotyetbeenprogrammedtospecialiseandcanthusinprinciplegrowintoanytissueororgancouldbeusedtotreatillnessesrangingfromdiabetestoParkinson’sdisease.Theymightevenbeabletofixspinal-cordinjuries.AndstemcellsclonedfromapatientwouldnotberejectedasforeignbyhisimmunesystemDrHwang’sreputationofcourseisintatters.Theuniversityisnowinvestigatingtwoothergroundbreakingexperimentsheclaimstohaveconducted-thecreationoftheworld’sfirstclonedhumanembryoandtheextractionofstemcellsfromitandthecreationoftheworld’sfirstcloneddog.Heisalsointroubleforbreachingethicalguidelinesbyusingeggsdonatedbymembersofhisresearchteam.Anditisevenpossiblethatthewholefarcemayhavebeenfornothing.Clonedembryosmightbetheidealsourceofstemcellsintendedtotreatdiseasebutifitprovestoodifficulttocreatethemarough-and-readyalternativemaysuffice.AccordingtothepanelofexpertsappointedbytheuniversityHwang’scaseis______.
WithAirbus’giantA380airlinerabouttotaketotheskiesyoumightthinkplanescouldnotgetmuchbigger-andyouwouldberight.Foragivendesignitturns1therecomesapointwherethewingsbecometooheavytogenerate2lifttocarrytheirownweight.3anewwayofdesigningandmakingmaterialscould4thatproblem.Twoengineers5UniversityCollegeLondonhavedevisedallinnovativewaytocustomiseandcontrolthe6ofamaterialthroughoutitsthree-dimensionalstructure. Inthe7ofawingthiswouldmakepossibleamaterialthatisdensestrongandload-bearingatoneendclosetothefuselage8theextremitiescouldbemadelessdenselighterandmore9.Itislikemakingbespokematerials10youcancustomisethephysicalpropertiesofeverycubicmillimetreofastructure. Thenewtechniquecombinesexistingtechnologiesinan11wayItstartsbyusingfinite-element-analysissoftwareofthetypecommonlyusedbyengineers12avirtualprototypeoftheobject.Thesoftwaremodelsthestressesandstrainsthattheobjectwillneedto13throughoutitsstructure.Usingthisinformationitisthen14tocalculatethepreciseforcesactingonmillionsofsmallersubsectionsofthestructure.15ofthesesubsectionsis16treatedasaseparateobjectwithitsownsetofforcesactingonit-andeachsubsection17foradifferentmicrostructuretoabsorbthoselocalforces. Designingsomanymicrostructuresmanually18beahugetasksotheresearchersapplyanoptimisationprogramcalledageneticalgorithm19.Thisusesaprocessofrandomisationandtrial-and-errortosearchthevastnumberofpossiblemicrostructurestofindthemost20designforeachsubsection. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.2
Theideaofhumanoidrobotsisnotnewofcourse.TheyhavebeenpartoftheimaginativelandscapeeversinceKarlCapekaCzechwriterfirstdreamedthemupforhis1921playRossum’sUniversalRobots.ThewordrobotcomesfromtheCzechwordfordrudgeryrobota.SincethenHollywoodhasproducedcountlessvariationsonthethemefromthesultryFalseMariainFritzLang’ssilentmasterpieceMetropolistothewitteringC-3POinStarWarsandtheruthlessassassinofTerminator.Humanoidrobotshavewalkedintoourcollectivesubconsciouscolouringourviewsofthefuture.ButnowJapan’sindustrialgiantsarespendingbillionsofyentomakesuchrobotsareality.Theirnewhumanoidsrepresentimpressivefeatsofengineering:whenHondaintroducedAsimoafour-footrobotthathadbeenindevelopmentforsome15yearsitwalkedsofluidlythatitswhitearticulatedexteriorseemedtoconcealahuman.Hondacontinuestomakethemachinefasterfriendlierandmoreagile.LastOctoberwhenAsimowasinductedintotheRobotHallofFameinPittsburghitwalkedontothestageandaccepteditsownplaque.AttwoandahalffeettallSony’sQRIOissmallerandmoretoy-likethanAsimo.Itwalksunderstandsasmallnumberofvoicecommandsandcannavigateonitsown.Ifitfallsoveritgetsupandresumeswhereitleftoff.ItcanevenconnectwirelesslytotheInternetandbroadcastwhatitscameraeyescansee.In2003SonydemonstratedanupgradedQRIOthatcouldrun.HondarespondedlastDecemberwithaversionofAsimothatrunsattwicethespeed.In2004ToyotajoinedthefraywithitsownfamilyofrobotscalledPartneroneofwhichisafour-foothumanoidthatplaysthetrumpet.Itsfingersworktheinstrument’svalvesandithasmechanicallungsandartificiallips.Toyotahopestoofferacommercialversionoftherobotby2010.Thismonth50PartnerrobotswillactasguidesatExpo2005inAichiJapan.Despitetheirsuddenproliferationhoweverhumanoidsarestillamechanicalminority.Mostoftheworld’srobotsarefacelessfootlessandmute.Theyareboltedtothefloorsoffactoriesstampingoutcarpartsorweldingpiecesofmetalmachinesmakingmoremachines.AccordingtotheUnitedNationsbusinessordersforindustrialrobotsjumped18%inthefirsthalfof2004.Theymaysoonbeoutnumberedbydomesticrobotssuchasself-navigatingvacuumcleanerslawnmowersandwindowwasherswhicharesellingfast.Butneitherindustrialnordomesticrobotsarehumanoid.FromthepassagewemayinferthattheToyota’sPartner______.
我国__第126条规定人民法院依照法律规定独立行使审判权不受行政机关社会团体和个人的干涉请分析该条文的含义
AccordingtostudiescitedbytheNationalEatingDisordersAssociation42percentofgirlsinfirstthroughthirdgradewanttobethinner81percentof10-year-oldsareafraidofbeingfatand51percentof9-and10-year-oldgirlsfeelbetteraboutthemselvesiftheyareonadiet.Inmanywaysthisfixationonweightateverearlieragescomesataninopportunetimephysiologically.AtarecentHadassahmeetingattheWoodlandsCommunityTempleinWhitePlainsDr.MaxcieSchneiderthedirectorofadolescentmedicineatGreenwichHospitalandEricaLeonaregistereddietitianspokeaboutearlyadolescenceasatimewhenalittlebitofpudginessisnecessaryforpropergrowthandyoungsterswrestleconstantlywiththeirbodyimage.Ican’ttellyouhowmanykidsI’veseenwho’vebeenontheAtkinsdietorontheSouthBeachdietMs.Leonsaidaddingthatoverweightchildrenwhotrydietscanbeatriskofdevelopingeatingdisorders.AfterthepresentationthreemothersfromHartsdalewhowantedtohelptheirchildrenavoidsuchissuesspokeabouthowtheiryoungdaughtersarealreadybeginningtobecomeweight-conscious.Anorexiaisamentalillnessinwhichthevictimeatsbarelyenoughtosurvivebecauseherdistortedthinkingmakesherthinksheisfat.BulimiaamentalillnessinwhichsomeonebingesonlargeamountsoffoodthenpurgesitthroughvomitingortheabuseoflaxativesisontheriseandissurfacinginyoungerandyoungerpatientsmostlygirlssaidJudyScheelthedirectoroftheCenterforEatingDisorderRecoveryinMountKisco.About90percentofvictimsofeatingdisordersarefemaleandoftenthemalevictimsareonteamslikewrestlingandcrewwheretheymustkeeptheirweightlowforcompetitivereasons.Dr.Scheelbelievesthatwheregirlsclaimtheeatingdisorderenablesthemtobethinboystypicallystatetheirgoalistoachieveormaintainamuscularbutthinphysique.Theaverageonsetforbulimiausedtobe17buttoseeteenagersage14and15withbulimiaiscommonthesedaysDr.Scheelsaid.Otherpeoplebelievethedisordershavegeneticorchemicalcomponentsandmanypeoplewitheatingdisordersrespondwelltoanti-depressantsforexample.Acertainamountofeducationisnecessarytohelpyoungpeopleavoidbecomingobsessedwiththeirbodyimage.TeachersneedtostayoutsideoftalkingaboutdietsDr.Scheelsaid.It’slikeaparentalwaystalkingabouttheirnextdiet.Youhavetohelpachildunderstandthatifyoucathealthilyandexerciseyourbodyisgoingtotakecareofitself.AndinrelativelyhomogenouspopulationslikeinsomeWestchesterschoolscompetitionrunshigh.Sotheyoungpeopledon’treallyseehowbeautifuldiversityisshesaidandtheytendtoallbecompetingforkindofthesamegoals./FromtheParagraph5wemayinferthatAnorexiaandBulimiaare______.
Ifyouarewhatyoueatthenyouarealsowhatyoubuytoeat.Andmostlywhatpeoplebuyisscrawledontoagrocerylistthoseetherealscrapsofpaperthatrecordtheshorthandofwhereweshopandhowwefeedourselves.Mostgrocerylistsendupinthegarbage.ButifyouliveinSt.Louistheymighthaveahalf-lifeyouneverimagined:asaculturaldocumentpostedontheInternet.ForthepastdecadeBillKeaggy33thefeaturesphotoeditoratTheSt.LouisPost-Dispatchhasbeencollectinggrocerylistsandsince1999hasbeenpostingthemonlineatwww.grocerylistsorg.Thecollectionwhichnownumbersmorethan500listsisstrangelyaddictive.Thelistselicittwofoldcuriosity-aboutthekindofmealthepersonwasplanningandthekindofpersonwhowouldmakesuchameal.WhatwastheshopperwithvodkalightersmilkandicecreamonhislistplanningtodowiththemInwhatorderwouldtheybeconsumedWasitaheorasheWhohadwrittenTootiefoodkittenchowbirdfoodsticktoasterscramblescoffeedrinksSomeshoppersorganizetheirlistsbyaisle;othersstartwithdairygotocleaningsuppliesandthenbacktodairybeforeveeringofftoHomeDepot.Afewmeticulousonesnotethepriceofeveryitem.OneshopperhadwritteninlargelettersonanenvelopesimplyMilk.Thethinlinesofinkandpenciljuttingandloopingacrosscrinkledandtornpiecesofpaperhaveapurelygraphicbeauty.Oneoflife’smostbanaldutiesviewedthroughthecuratoriallenscansomehowseempregnantwithpossibility.Itcanevenappearpoeticasinthelistthatreadsmeatcigsbunstreats.OnethingKeaggydiscoveredisthatDanQuayleisnotalone-fewpeoplecanspellbananasandbagelsletalonepotato.Onelistcallsforsuchiandstrimp.SomepeoplepassjudgmentonthethingstheybuyKeaggysays.AttheendofonelisttheshopperwroteBudLightandthengoodbeer.Anotherscribbledgoodloafofwhitebread.SomepassjudgmentonthemselvesliketheshopperwhowrotereadstayhomeorgosomewhereIactlikemymomgotoKentuckyunderwearlemon.Peoplesendmessagestooneanothertoo.Buriedinonelististhisstatement:IfyoubuymorericeI’llpunchyou.Andplentyofshoppersliketheonewithbothicecreamanddietpillsonthelistrevealtheirvices.WasitaheorasheLine7Par
Ifyouarewhatyoueatthenyouarealsowhatyoubuytoeat.Andmostlywhatpeoplebuyisscrawledontoagrocerylistthoseetherealscrapsofpaperthatrecordtheshorthandofwhereweshopandhowwefeedourselves.Mostgrocerylistsendupinthegarbage.ButifyouliveinSt.Louistheymighthaveahalf-lifeyouneverimagined:asaculturaldocumentpostedontheInternet.ForthepastdecadeBillKeaggy33thefeaturesphotoeditoratTheSt.LouisPost-Dispatchhasbeencollectinggrocerylistsandsince1999hasbeenpostingthemonlineatwww.grocerylistsorg.Thecollectionwhichnownumbersmorethan500listsisstrangelyaddictive.Thelistselicittwofoldcuriosity-aboutthekindofmealthepersonwasplanningandthekindofpersonwhowouldmakesuchameal.WhatwastheshopperwithvodkalightersmilkandicecreamonhislistplanningtodowiththemInwhatorderwouldtheybeconsumedWasitaheorasheWhohadwrittenTootiefoodkittenchowbirdfoodsticktoasterscramblescoffeedrinksSomeshoppersorganizetheirlistsbyaisle;othersstartwithdairygotocleaningsuppliesandthenbacktodairybeforeveeringofftoHomeDepot.Afewmeticulousonesnotethepriceofeveryitem.OneshopperhadwritteninlargelettersonanenvelopesimplyMilk.Thethinlinesofinkandpenciljuttingandloopingacrosscrinkledandtornpiecesofpaperhaveapurelygraphicbeauty.Oneoflife’smostbanaldutiesviewedthroughthecuratoriallenscansomehowseempregnantwithpossibility.Itcanevenappearpoeticasinthelistthatreadsmeatcigsbunstreats.OnethingKeaggydiscoveredisthatDanQuayleisnotalone-fewpeoplecanspellbananasandbagelsletalonepotato.Onelistcallsforsuchiandstrimp.SomepeoplepassjudgmentonthethingstheybuyKeaggysays.AttheendofonelisttheshopperwroteBudLightandthengoodbeer.Anotherscribbledgoodloafofwhitebread.SomepassjudgmentonthemselvesliketheshopperwhowrotereadstayhomeorgosomewhereIactlikemymomgotoKentuckyunderwearlemon.Peoplesendmessagestooneanothertoo.Buriedinonelististhisstatement:IfyoubuymorericeI’llpunchyou.Andplentyofshoppersliketheonewithbothicecreamanddietpillsonthelistrevealtheirvices.Thelastsentenceofthepassageimpliesthat______.
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