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Thesymptomsofthedisease{{U}}manifested{{/U}}themselvestendayslater.
PublicRelations Publicrelationsisabroadsetofplannedcommunicationsaboutthecompanyincludingpublicityreleasesdesignedtopromotegoodwillandafavorableimage. Publicitythenispartofpublicrelationswhenitisinitiatedbythefirmusuallyinthe51ofpressreleasesorpressconferences.Sincepublicrelationsinvolvescommunicationswithstockholdersfinancialanalystsgovernmentofficialsandothernoncustomergroupsitisusually52outsidethemarketingdepartmentperhapsasastaffdepartmentoroutsideconsultingfirmreportingtotopmanagement.Thisorganizationalplacementcanbea53becausethepublicrelationsdepartmentorconsultantwilllikelynotbeinlinewithmarketingefforts.Poorcommunicationandnocoordinationcanbethe54.Althoughthebasicpurposeofpublicrelationsistoprovidepositiveinfluence55thepublicimagethisinfluencegenerallymaybelessthan56providedbytheothercomponentsofthepublicimagemix. Publicitynaybeintheformofnewsreleasesthathave57overtonesforthecompanyinitiatebythepublicrelationsdepartment.Publicityontheother58shouldnotbedivorcedfromthemarketingdepartmentasitcan59ausefuladjunct辅助totheregularadvertising.60notallpublicityisinitiatedbythefirm;somecan61fromanunfavorablepressasareactiontocertainactionsorlackof62thatarecontroversialorevendownrightill-advertised. The63wewishtoemphasizeisthatafirmisdeluding自欺itselfifitthinksitspublicrelationsfunctionwhetherwithinthecompanyoranoutsidefirmcantake64ofpublicimageandopportunities.Manyofthesehavetodowiththewaythe65doesbusinesssuchasitsproductqualitytheservicingandhandlingofcomplaintsetc.
第二篇ApproachestoUnderstandingIntelligences Itpaystobesmartbutwearenotallsmartinthesameway.Youmaybeatalentedmusicianbutyoumightnotbeagoodreader.Eachofusisdifferent. Psychologistsdisagreeaboutwhatisintelligenceandwhataretalentsorpersonalabilities.Psychologistshavetwodifferentviewsonintelligence.Somebelievethereisonegeneralintelligence.Othersbelievetherearemanydifferentintelligences. SomepsychologistssaythereisonetypeofintelligencethatcanbemeasuredwithIQtests.Thesepsychologistssupporttheirviewwithresearchthatconcludesthatpeoplewhodowellononekindoftestformentalabilitydowellonothertests.Theydowellontestsusingwordsnumbersorpictures.Theydowellonindividualorgrouptestsandwrittenororaltests.Thosewhodopoorlyononetestdothesameonalltests. Studiesofthebrainshowthatthereisabiologicalbasisforgeneralintelligence.Thebrainofintelligencepeopleuselessenergyduringproblemsolving.Thebrainwavesofpeoplewithhigherintelligenceshowaquickerreaction.Someresearchersconcludethatdifferencesinintelligenceresultfromdifferencesinthespeedandeffectivenessofinformationprocessingbythebrain. HowardGardnerapsychologistattheHarvardSchoolofEducationhasfourchildren.Hebelievesthatallchildrenaredifferentandshouldn’tbetestedbyoneintelligencetest.AlthoughGardnerbelievesgeneralintelligenceexistshedoesn’tthinkittellsmuchaboutthetalentsofapersonoutsideofformalschooling.Hethinkthatthehumanmindhasdifferentintelligences.Theseintelligencesallowustosolvethekindsofproblemswearepresentedwithinlife.Eachofushasdifferentabilitieswithintheseintelligences.Gardnerbelievesthatthepurposeofschoolshouldbetoencouragedevelopmentofallofourintelligences. Gardnersaysthathistheoryisbasedonbiology.ForexamplewhenonepartoftheBrainisinjuredotherpartsofthebrainstillwork.PeoplewhocannottalkbecauseofBraindamagecanstillsing.Sothereisnotjustoneintelligencetolose.Gardnerhasidentified8differentkindsofintelligence;linguisticmathematicalspatialmusicalinterpersonalintrapersonalbody-kinesthetic身体动觉的andnaturalistic. Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueconcerninggeneralintelligence?
第一篇TheMakingofaSuccessStory IKEAistheworld’slargestfurnitureretailerandthemanbehinditisIngvarKampradoneoftheworld’smostsuccessfulentrepreneurs.BorninSwedenin1926Kampradwasanaturalbusinessman.Asachildheenjoyedsellingthingsandmadesmallprofitsfromsellingmatchesseedsandpencilsinhiscommunity.WhenKampradwas17hisfathergavehimsomemoneyasarewardforhisgoodgrades.Naturallyheusedittostartupabusiness一IKEA. TodayIKEAisknownforitsmodernminimalistfurniture1butitwasnotafurniturecompanyinthebeginning.RatherIKEAsoldallkindsofmiscellaneousgoods.Kamprad’swaresincludedanythingthathecouldsellforprofitsatdiscountedprices2includingwatchespensandstockings. IKEAfirstbegantosellfurniturethroughamail-ordercataloguein1947.ThefurniturewasalldesignedandmadebymanufacturersnearKamprad’shome.InitialsaleswereveryencouragingsoKampradexpandedtheproductline.FurniturewassuchasuccessfulaspectofthebusinessthatIKEAbecamesolelyafurniturecompanyin1951. In1953IKEAopeneditsfirstshowroominAlmhultSweden.IKEAisknowntodayforitsspaciousstoreswithfurnitureinattractivesettingsbutintheearly1950speopleorderedfromcatalogues.Thusresponsetothefirstshowroomwasoverwhelming:peoplelovedbeingabletoseeandtrythefurniturebeforebuyingit.Thisledtoincreasedsalesandthecompanycontinuedtothrive.By1955IKEAwasdesigningallitsownfurniture. In1956Kampradsawamandisassemblingatabletomakeiteasiertotransport.Kampradwasinspired.Themanhadgivenhimagreatidea:flatpackaging3.FlatpackagingwouldmeanlowershippingcostsforIKEAandlowerpricesforcustomers.IKEAtrieditandsalessoared.TheproblemwasthatpeoplehadtoassemblefurniturethemselvesbutovertimeeventhisgrewintoanadvantageforIKEA.NowadaysIKEAisoftenseenashavingconnotationsofself-sufficiency.Thisimagehasdonewondersforthecompanyleadingtobettersalesandcontinuedexpansion. Todaythereareover200storesin32countries.AmazinglyIngvarKampradhasmanagedtokeepIKEAaprivately-heldcompany.In2004hewasnamedtheworld’srichestman.HecurrentlylivesinSwitzerlandandisretiedfromtheday-to-dayoperationsofIKEA.IKEAitselfthoughjustkeepsongrowing. Thepassageisdevelopedprimarilyintermsof
PublicRelations Publicrelationsisabroadsetofplannedcommunicationsaboutthecompanyincludingpublicityreleasesdesignedtopromotegoodwillandafavorableimage. Publicitythenispartofpublicrelationswhenitisinitiatedbythefirmusuallyinthe51ofpressreleasesorpressconferences.Sincepublicrelationsinvolvescommunicationswithstockholdersfinancialanalystsgovernmentofficialsandothernoncustomergroupsitisusually52outsidethemarketingdepartmentperhapsasastaffdepartmentoroutsideconsultingfirmreportingtotopmanagement.Thisorganizationalplacementcanbea53becausethepublicrelationsdepartmentorconsultantwilllikelynotbeinlinewithmarketingefforts.Poorcommunicationandnocoordinationcanbethe54.Althoughthebasicpurposeofpublicrelationsistoprovidepositiveinfluence55thepublicimagethisinfluencegenerallymaybelessthan56providedbytheothercomponentsofthepublicimagemix. Publicitynaybeintheformofnewsreleasesthathave57overtonesforthecompanyinitiatebythepublicrelationsdepartment.Publicityontheother58shouldnotbedivorcedfromthemarketingdepartmentasitcan59ausefuladjunct辅助totheregularadvertising.60notallpublicityisinitiatedbythefirm;somecan61fromanunfavorablepressasareactiontocertainactionsorlackof62thatarecontroversialorevendownrightill-advertised. The63wewishtoemphasizeisthatafirmisdeluding自欺itselfifitthinksitspublicrelationsfunctionwhetherwithinthecompanyoranoutsidefirmcantake64ofpublicimageandopportunities.Manyofthesehavetodowiththewaythe65doesbusinesssuchasitsproductqualitytheservicingandhandlingofcomplaintsetc.
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第三篇TheWorker’sRoleinManagement Traditionallyithasbeentheworker’sroletoworkandmanagement’sroletomanage.Managershaveplannedanddirectedthefirm’soperationswithlittlethoughtofconsultingthelaborforce.Managershaverarelyfeltcompelled被迫的toobtaintheworker’sopinionsortoexplaintheirdecisionstotheiremployees.Atmostcompanieshaveprovidedsuggestionboxesinwhichworkerscouldplaceideasforimprovingprocedures.Inrecentyearshowevermanymanagementspecialistshavebeenarguingthatworkersaremorethansellersoflabor——theyhaveavitalstakeinthecompanyandmaybeabletomakesignificantcontributionstoitsmanagement.Furthermoremajorcompanydecisionsprofoundlyaffectworkersandtheirdependents.Thisisparticularlytrueofplantclosingswhichmayputthousandsontheunemploymentlines.Shouldworkersthenplayastrongerroleinmanagement? Workersshouldhavearoleinmanagement.Attheveryleastthelaborforceshouldbeinformedofmajorpolicydecisions.Acommoncomplaintamongrank-and-fileworkersisthelackofinformationaboutcompanypoliciesandactions.Between1980and1985aboutfivemillionworkerswerethevictimsofplantclosingsandpermanentlayoffs失业oftenwithnowarning.Atleast90day’snoticeoughttobegiveninsuchinstancessothatworkershavetimetoadjust.Managementshouldconsultworkersbeforeclosingaplantbecausetheworkersmightbeabletosuggestwaysofimprovingproductivityandreducingcostsandmightbewillingtomakeconcessionsthatwillhelpkeeptheplantoperating. Itshouldbecomeageneralpracticetoincludeworkersinsomemanagerialdecisionmaking.Thereoughttoberepresentativesoftheworkersonthefirm’sboardofdirectorsorothermajorpolicymakinggroups.Ifrank-and-fileworkersaregivenavoiceintheplanningandmanagementoftheworkflowtheywillhelptomakeimprovementtheirmoralewillriseandtheirproductivitywillincrease.Asafurtherincentivetheymustbegivenashareinthecompany’sprofits.Thiscanbedonethroughemployeestockownershipplansbonusesorrewardsforefficiencyandproductivity.Finallywhenaplantcannolongeroperateataprofittheworkersshouldbegiventheopportunitytopurchasetheplantandrunitthemselves. Itnotgivenavoiceinmanagenaldecisionmakingworkers_____.
Thecurriculumwastoonarrowandtoo{{U}}rigid{{/U}}.
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第一篇TheMakingofaSuccessStory IKEAistheworld’slargestfurnitureretailerandthemanbehinditisIngvarKampradoneoftheworld’smostsuccessfulentrepreneurs.BorninSwedenin1926Kampradwasanaturalbusinessman.Asachildheenjoyedsellingthingsandmadesmallprofitsfromsellingmatchesseedsandpencilsinhiscommunity.WhenKampradwas17hisfathergavehimsomemoneyasarewardforhisgoodgrades.Naturallyheusedittostartupabusiness一IKEA. TodayIKEAisknownforitsmodernminimalistfurniture1butitwasnotafurniturecompanyinthebeginning.RatherIKEAsoldallkindsofmiscellaneousgoods.Kamprad’swaresincludedanythingthathecouldsellforprofitsatdiscountedprices2includingwatchespensandstockings. IKEAfirstbegantosellfurniturethroughamail-ordercataloguein1947.ThefurniturewasalldesignedandmadebymanufacturersnearKamprad’shome.InitialsaleswereveryencouragingsoKampradexpandedtheproductline.FurniturewassuchasuccessfulaspectofthebusinessthatIKEAbecamesolelyafurniturecompanyin1951. In1953IKEAopeneditsfirstshowroominAlmhultSweden.IKEAisknowntodayforitsspaciousstoreswithfurnitureinattractivesettingsbutintheearly1950speopleorderedfromcatalogues.Thusresponsetothefirstshowroomwasoverwhelming:peoplelovedbeingabletoseeandtrythefurniturebeforebuyingit.Thisledtoincreasedsalesandthecompanycontinuedtothrive.By1955IKEAwasdesigningallitsownfurniture. In1956Kampradsawamandisassemblingatabletomakeiteasiertotransport.Kampradwasinspired.Themanhadgivenhimagreatidea:flatpackaging3.FlatpackagingwouldmeanlowershippingcostsforIKEAandlowerpricesforcustomers.IKEAtrieditandsalessoared.TheproblemwasthatpeoplehadtoassemblefurniturethemselvesbutovertimeeventhisgrewintoanadvantageforIKEA.NowadaysIKEAisoftenseenashavingconnotationsofself-sufficiency.Thisimagehasdonewondersforthecompanyleadingtobettersalesandcontinuedexpansion. Todaythereareover200storesin32countries.AmazinglyIngvarKampradhasmanagedtokeepIKEAaprivately-heldcompany.In2004hewasnamedtheworld’srichestman.HecurrentlylivesinSwitzerlandandisretiedfromtheday-to-dayoperationsofIKEA.IKEAitselfthoughjustkeepsongrowing. Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingisnottrue?
PublicRelations Publicrelationsisabroadsetofplannedcommunicationsaboutthecompanyincludingpublicityreleasesdesignedtopromotegoodwillandafavorableimage. Publicitythenispartofpublicrelationswhenitisinitiatedbythefirmusuallyinthe51ofpressreleasesorpressconferences.Sincepublicrelationsinvolvescommunicationswithstockholdersfinancialanalystsgovernmentofficialsandothernoncustomergroupsitisusually52outsidethemarketingdepartmentperhapsasastaffdepartmentoroutsideconsultingfirmreportingtotopmanagement.Thisorganizationalplacementcanbea53becausethepublicrelationsdepartmentorconsultantwilllikelynotbeinlinewithmarketingefforts.Poorcommunicationandnocoordinationcanbethe54.Althoughthebasicpurposeofpublicrelationsistoprovidepositiveinfluence55thepublicimagethisinfluencegenerallymaybelessthan56providedbytheothercomponentsofthepublicimagemix. Publicitynaybeintheformofnewsreleasesthathave57overtonesforthecompanyinitiatebythepublicrelationsdepartment.Publicityontheother58shouldnotbedivorcedfromthemarketingdepartmentasitcan59ausefuladjunct辅助totheregularadvertising.60notallpublicityisinitiatedbythefirm;somecan61fromanunfavorablepressasareactiontocertainactionsorlackof62thatarecontroversialorevendownrightill-advertised. The63wewishtoemphasizeisthatafirmisdeluding自欺itselfifitthinksitspublicrelationsfunctionwhetherwithinthecompanyoranoutsidefirmcantake64ofpublicimageandopportunities.Manyofthesehavetodowiththewaythe65doesbusinesssuchasitsproductqualitytheservicingandhandlingofcomplaintsetc.
Shefeltthatshehaddonehergood{{U}}deed{{/U}}fortheday.
Londonquicklybecamea{{U}}flourishing{{/U}}port.
第三篇TheWorker’sRoleinManagement Traditionallyithasbeentheworker’sroletoworkandmanagement’sroletomanage.Managershaveplannedanddirectedthefirm’soperationswithlittlethoughtofconsultingthelaborforce.Managershaverarelyfeltcompelled被迫的toobtaintheworker’sopinionsortoexplaintheirdecisionstotheiremployees.Atmostcompanieshaveprovidedsuggestionboxesinwhichworkerscouldplaceideasforimprovingprocedures.Inrecentyearshowevermanymanagementspecialistshavebeenarguingthatworkersaremorethansellersoflabor——theyhaveavitalstakeinthecompanyandmaybeabletomakesignificantcontributionstoitsmanagement.Furthermoremajorcompanydecisionsprofoundlyaffectworkersandtheirdependents.Thisisparticularlytrueofplantclosingswhichmayputthousandsontheunemploymentlines.Shouldworkersthenplayastrongerroleinmanagement? Workersshouldhavearoleinmanagement.Attheveryleastthelaborforceshouldbeinformedofmajorpolicydecisions.Acommoncomplaintamongrank-and-fileworkersisthelackofinformationaboutcompanypoliciesandactions.Between1980and1985aboutfivemillionworkerswerethevictimsofplantclosingsandpermanentlayoffs失业oftenwithnowarning.Atleast90day’snoticeoughttobegiveninsuchinstancessothatworkershavetimetoadjust.Managementshouldconsultworkersbeforeclosingaplantbecausetheworkersmightbeabletosuggestwaysofimprovingproductivityandreducingcostsandmightbewillingtomakeconcessionsthatwillhelpkeeptheplantoperating. Itshouldbecomeageneralpracticetoincludeworkersinsomemanagerialdecisionmaking.Thereoughttoberepresentativesoftheworkersonthefirm’sboardofdirectorsorothermajorpolicymakinggroups.Ifrank-and-fileworkersaregivenavoiceintheplanningandmanagementoftheworkflowtheywillhelptomakeimprovementtheirmoralewillriseandtheirproductivitywillincrease.Asafurtherincentivetheymustbegivenashareinthecompany’sprofits.Thiscanbedonethroughemployeestockownershipplansbonusesorrewardsforefficiencyandproductivity.Finallywhenaplantcannolongeroperateataprofittheworkersshouldbegiventheopportunitytopurchasetheplantandrunitthemselves. Thewordrank-and-lifeParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto___.
PublicRelations Publicrelationsisabroadsetofplannedcommunicationsaboutthecompanyincludingpublicityreleasesdesignedtopromotegoodwillandafavorableimage. Publicitythenispartofpublicrelationswhenitisinitiatedbythefirmusuallyinthe51ofpressreleasesorpressconferences.Sincepublicrelationsinvolvescommunicationswithstockholdersfinancialanalystsgovernmentofficialsandothernoncustomergroupsitisusually52outsidethemarketingdepartmentperhapsasastaffdepartmentoroutsideconsultingfirmreportingtotopmanagement.Thisorganizationalplacementcanbea53becausethepublicrelationsdepartmentorconsultantwilllikelynotbeinlinewithmarketingefforts.Poorcommunicationandnocoordinationcanbethe54.Althoughthebasicpurposeofpublicrelationsistoprovidepositiveinfluence55thepublicimagethisinfluencegenerallymaybelessthan56providedbytheothercomponentsofthepublicimagemix. Publicitynaybeintheformofnewsreleasesthathave57overtonesforthecompanyinitiatebythepublicrelationsdepartment.Publicityontheother58shouldnotbedivorcedfromthemarketingdepartmentasitcan59ausefuladjunct辅助totheregularadvertising.60notallpublicityisinitiatedbythefirm;somecan61fromanunfavorablepressasareactiontocertainactionsorlackof62thatarecontroversialorevendownrightill-advertised. The63wewishtoemphasizeisthatafirmisdeluding自欺itselfifitthinksitspublicrelationsfunctionwhetherwithinthecompanyoranoutsidefirmcantake64ofpublicimageandopportunities.Manyofthesehavetodowiththewaythe65doesbusinesssuchasitsproductqualitytheservicingandhandlingofcomplaintsetc.
PublicRelations Publicrelationsisabroadsetofplannedcommunicationsaboutthecompanyincludingpublicityreleasesdesignedtopromotegoodwillandafavorableimage. Publicitythenispartofpublicrelationswhenitisinitiatedbythefirmusuallyinthe51ofpressreleasesorpressconferences.Sincepublicrelationsinvolvescommunicationswithstockholdersfinancialanalystsgovernmentofficialsandothernoncustomergroupsitisusually52outsidethemarketingdepartmentperhapsasastaffdepartmentoroutsideconsultingfirmreportingtotopmanagement.Thisorganizationalplacementcanbea53becausethepublicrelationsdepartmentorconsultantwilllikelynotbeinlinewithmarketingefforts.Poorcommunicationandnocoordinationcanbethe54.Althoughthebasicpurposeofpublicrelationsistoprovidepositiveinfluence55thepublicimagethisinfluencegenerallymaybelessthan56providedbytheothercomponentsofthepublicimagemix. Publicitynaybeintheformofnewsreleasesthathave57overtonesforthecompanyinitiatebythepublicrelationsdepartment.Publicityontheother58shouldnotbedivorcedfromthemarketingdepartmentasitcan59ausefuladjunct辅助totheregularadvertising.60notallpublicityisinitiatedbythefirm;somecan61fromanunfavorablepressasareactiontocertainactionsorlackof62thatarecontroversialorevendownrightill-advertised. The63wewishtoemphasizeisthatafirmisdeluding自欺itselfifitthinksitspublicrelationsfunctionwhetherwithinthecompanyoranoutsidefirmcantake64ofpublicimageandopportunities.Manyofthesehavetodowiththewaythe65doesbusinesssuchasitsproductqualitytheservicingandhandlingofcomplaintsetc.
第三篇TheWorker’sRoleinManagement Traditionallyithasbeentheworker’sroletoworkandmanagement’sroletomanage.Managershaveplannedanddirectedthefirm’soperationswithlittlethoughtofconsultingthelaborforce.Managershaverarelyfeltcompelled被迫的toobtaintheworker’sopinionsortoexplaintheirdecisionstotheiremployees.Atmostcompanieshaveprovidedsuggestionboxesinwhichworkerscouldplaceideasforimprovingprocedures.Inrecentyearshowevermanymanagementspecialistshavebeenarguingthatworkersaremorethansellersoflabor——theyhaveavitalstakeinthecompanyandmaybeabletomakesignificantcontributionstoitsmanagement.Furthermoremajorcompanydecisionsprofoundlyaffectworkersandtheirdependents.Thisisparticularlytrueofplantclosingswhichmayputthousandsontheunemploymentlines.Shouldworkersthenplayastrongerroleinmanagement? Workersshouldhavearoleinmanagement.Attheveryleastthelaborforceshouldbeinformedofmajorpolicydecisions.Acommoncomplaintamongrank-and-fileworkersisthelackofinformationaboutcompanypoliciesandactions.Between1980and1985aboutfivemillionworkerswerethevictimsofplantclosingsandpermanentlayoffs失业oftenwithnowarning.Atleast90day’snoticeoughttobegiveninsuchinstancessothatworkershavetimetoadjust.Managementshouldconsultworkersbeforeclosingaplantbecausetheworkersmightbeabletosuggestwaysofimprovingproductivityandreducingcostsandmightbewillingtomakeconcessionsthatwillhelpkeeptheplantoperating. Itshouldbecomeageneralpracticetoincludeworkersinsomemanagerialdecisionmaking.Thereoughttoberepresentativesoftheworkersonthefirm’sboardofdirectorsorothermajorpolicymakinggroups.Ifrank-and-fileworkersaregivenavoiceintheplanningandmanagementoftheworkflowtheywillhelptomakeimprovementtheirmoralewillriseandtheirproductivitywillincrease.Asafurtherincentivetheymustbegivenashareinthecompany’sprofits.Thiscanbedonethroughemployeestockownershipplansbonusesorrewardsforefficiencyandproductivity.Finallywhenaplantcannolongeroperateataprofittheworkersshouldbegiventheopportunitytopurchasetheplantandrunitthemselves. ItcanbeinterredfromParagraph1thatmanagers________.
Thecommitteewasaskedto{{U}}render{{/U}}areportonthehousingsituation.
PublicRelations Publicrelationsisabroadsetofplannedcommunicationsaboutthecompanyincludingpublicityreleasesdesignedtopromotegoodwillandafavorableimage. Publicitythenispartofpublicrelationswhenitisinitiatedbythefirmusuallyinthe51ofpressreleasesorpressconferences.Sincepublicrelationsinvolvescommunicationswithstockholdersfinancialanalystsgovernmentofficialsandothernoncustomergroupsitisusually52outsidethemarketingdepartmentperhapsasastaffdepartmentoroutsideconsultingfirmreportingtotopmanagement.Thisorganizationalplacementcanbea53becausethepublicrelationsdepartmentorconsultantwilllikelynotbeinlinewithmarketingefforts.Poorcommunicationandnocoordinationcanbethe54.Althoughthebasicpurposeofpublicrelationsistoprovidepositiveinfluence55thepublicimagethisinfluencegenerallymaybelessthan56providedbytheothercomponentsofthepublicimagemix. Publicitynaybeintheformofnewsreleasesthathave57overtonesforthecompanyinitiatebythepublicrelationsdepartment.Publicityontheother58shouldnotbedivorcedfromthemarketingdepartmentasitcan59ausefuladjunct辅助totheregularadvertising.60notallpublicityisinitiatedbythefirm;somecan61fromanunfavorablepressasareactiontocertainactionsorlackof62thatarecontroversialorevendownrightill-advertised. The63wewishtoemphasizeisthatafirmisdeluding自欺itselfifitthinksitspublicrelationsfunctionwhetherwithinthecompanyoranoutsidefirmcantake64ofpublicimageandopportunities.Manyofthesehavetodowiththewaythe65doesbusinesssuchasitsproductqualitytheservicingandhandlingofcomplaintsetc.
Afterwardstherewasjustafeelingof{{U}}let-down{{/U}}.
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TheMostWonderfulIslands ThePalmIslandsarethelargestartificialislandsintheworldandareunderconstructioninDubaiintheUnitedArabEmiratesonwhichmajorcommercialandresidentialinfrastructurewillbeconstructed.Theyarebeingdevelopedastouristleisureandresidentialresortsandwillincreasethecoastlineofthecountryby120kilometres. Afterfouryearsofplanningandcarefulconsiderationoftheenvironmentalissuesconstructionstartedin2001.Dutchengineerswithexperienceofreclaiminglandfromtheseawereemployedinthebuildingofthefirsttwoislands.Thesiteforallthreeislandsisanareaoftheseawherethewaterisnotverydeep.Sandistakenfromtheseabedandsprayedintotheconstructionsite.Althoughtheshallowwaterfacilitatesthisprocesstheislandsarestillveryexposedtothecurrentsandtidalmovementsofthesea.Rocksareusedtoholdthesandinplaceresultinginalargecrescent月状的structure.Thisactsasabreakwaterandprotectstheislandsfromthesea. Thefirsttwoislandsareintheshapeofdatepalmtreesandconsistofatrunkand17frondsorleavescomingoffthetrunk.ThefirstislandnamedPalmJumeirahhasthreefive-starhotelsinthetrunkandluxuryhomesintheleaves.Itisastonishingthatwhenthesehomeswentonsalein2004theywereallsoldwithinthreedays. ThesecondpalmJebelAliwasstartedin2002andisdesignedtobeanentertainmentcentre.Sixmarinas小游艇船坞areplannedwithawaterthemeparkandhomebuiltonstilts桩柱inthewater. ThePalmDeiraisplannedtobethelargestofthethreeislandswithalengthof14kmandawidthof8.5kmanarealargerthanthecityofParis.Itwillconsistofresidentialpropertiesmarinasshoppingmallssportsfacilitiesandclubs.Thesewillbeopentobothresidentsandtourists. MoreartificialislandstheWorldIslandsarenowbeingconstructednearthePalmJumeirah.Theyconsistof300privateislandsgroupedintotheshapeofthecontinentsoftheworldandwillbeusedforestatesprivatehomescommunityislandsandresorts. Unquestionablytheseartificialislandsareoneofthewondersofthemodernworld.TheywillalsomaintainDubai’sstatusasoneoftheleadingtouristdestinationsintheregion. Theislandsarebeingbuiltinthedeepwaterofthesea.
Therewasan{{U}}inclination{{/U}}totreatgeographyasalessimportantsubject.
第二篇ApproachestoUnderstandingIntelligences Itpaystobesmartbutwearenotallsmartinthesameway.Youmaybeatalentedmusicianbutyoumightnotbeagoodreader.Eachofusisdifferent. Psychologistsdisagreeaboutwhatisintelligenceandwhataretalentsorpersonalabilities.Psychologistshavetwodifferentviewsonintelligence.Somebelievethereisonegeneralintelligence.Othersbelievetherearemanydifferentintelligences. SomepsychologistssaythereisonetypeofintelligencethatcanbemeasuredwithIQtests.Thesepsychologistssupporttheirviewwithresearchthatconcludesthatpeoplewhodowellononekindoftestformentalabilitydowellonothertests.Theydowellontestsusingwordsnumbersorpictures.Theydowellonindividualorgrouptestsandwrittenororaltests.Thosewhodopoorlyononetestdothesameonalltests. Studiesofthebrainshowthatthereisabiologicalbasisforgeneralintelligence.Thebrainofintelligencepeopleuselessenergyduringproblemsolving.Thebrainwavesofpeoplewithhigherintelligenceshowaquickerreaction.Someresearchersconcludethatdifferencesinintelligenceresultfromdifferencesinthespeedandeffectivenessofinformationprocessingbythebrain. HowardGardnerapsychologistattheHarvardSchoolofEducationhasfourchildren.Hebelievesthatallchildrenaredifferentandshouldn’tbetestedbyoneintelligencetest.AlthoughGardnerbelievesgeneralintelligenceexistshedoesn’tthinkittellsmuchaboutthetalentsofapersonoutsideofformalschooling.Hethinkthatthehumanmindhasdifferentintelligences.Theseintelligencesallowustosolvethekindsofproblemswearepresentedwithinlife.Eachofushasdifferentabilitieswithintheseintelligences.Gardnerbelievesthatthepurposeofschoolshouldbetoencouragedevelopmentofallofourintelligences. Gardnersaysthathistheoryisbasedonbiology.ForexamplewhenonepartoftheBrainisinjuredotherpartsofthebrainstillwork.PeoplewhocannottalkbecauseofBraindamagecanstillsing.Sothereisnotjustoneintelligencetolose.Gardnerhasidentified8differentkindsofintelligence;linguisticmathematicalspatialmusicalinterpersonalintrapersonalbody-kinesthetic身体动觉的andnaturalistic. AccordingtoGardnerschoolsshould________.
TheMostWonderfulIslands ThePalmIslandsarethelargestartificialislandsintheworldandareunderconstructioninDubaiintheUnitedArabEmiratesonwhichmajorcommercialandresidentialinfrastructurewillbeconstructed.Theyarebeingdevelopedastouristleisureandresidentialresortsandwillincreasethecoastlineofthecountryby120kilometres. Afterfouryearsofplanningandcarefulconsiderationoftheenvironmentalissuesconstructionstartedin2001.Dutchengineerswithexperienceofreclaiminglandfromtheseawereemployedinthebuildingofthefirsttwoislands.Thesiteforallthreeislandsisanareaoftheseawherethewaterisnotverydeep.Sandistakenfromtheseabedandsprayedintotheconstructionsite.Althoughtheshallowwaterfacilitatesthisprocesstheislandsarestillveryexposedtothecurrentsandtidalmovementsofthesea.Rocksareusedtoholdthesandinplaceresultinginalargecrescent月状的structure.Thisactsasabreakwaterandprotectstheislandsfromthesea. Thefirsttwoislandsareintheshapeofdatepalmtreesandconsistofatrunkand17frondsorleavescomingoffthetrunk.ThefirstislandnamedPalmJumeirahhasthreefive-starhotelsinthetrunkandluxuryhomesintheleaves.Itisastonishingthatwhenthesehomeswentonsalein2004theywereallsoldwithinthreedays. ThesecondpalmJebelAliwasstartedin2002andisdesignedtobeanentertainmentcentre.Sixmarinas小游艇船坞areplannedwithawaterthemeparkandhomebuiltonstilts桩柱inthewater. ThePalmDeiraisplannedtobethelargestofthethreeislandswithalengthof14kmandawidthof8.5kmanarealargerthanthecityofParis.Itwillconsistofresidentialpropertiesmarinasshoppingmallssportsfacilitiesandclubs.Thesewillbeopentobothresidentsandtourists. MoreartificialislandstheWorldIslandsarenowbeingconstructednearthePalmJumeirah.Theyconsistof300privateislandsgroupedintotheshapeofthecontinentsoftheworldandwillbeusedforestatesprivatehomescommunityislandsandresorts. Unquestionablytheseartificialislandsareoneofthewondersofthemodernworld.TheywillalsomaintainDubai’sstatusasoneoftheleadingtouristdestinationsintheregion. ThePalmDeirawillbethesamesizeasParis.
Thegroupdoesnot{{U}}advocate{{/U}}theuseofviolence.
第一篇TheMakingofaSuccessStory IKEAistheworld’slargestfurnitureretailerandthemanbehinditisIngvarKampradoneoftheworld’smostsuccessfulentrepreneurs.BorninSwedenin1926Kampradwasanaturalbusinessman.Asachildheenjoyedsellingthingsandmadesmallprofitsfromsellingmatchesseedsandpencilsinhiscommunity.WhenKampradwas17hisfathergavehimsomemoneyasarewardforhisgoodgrades.Naturallyheusedittostartupabusiness一IKEA. TodayIKEAisknownforitsmodernminimalistfurniture1butitwasnotafurniturecompanyinthebeginning.RatherIKEAsoldallkindsofmiscellaneousgoods.Kamprad’swaresincludedanythingthathecouldsellforprofitsatdiscountedprices2includingwatchespensandstockings. IKEAfirstbegantosellfurniturethroughamail-ordercataloguein1947.ThefurniturewasalldesignedandmadebymanufacturersnearKamprad’shome.InitialsaleswereveryencouragingsoKampradexpandedtheproductline.FurniturewassuchasuccessfulaspectofthebusinessthatIKEAbecamesolelyafurniturecompanyin1951. In1953IKEAopeneditsfirstshowroominAlmhultSweden.IKEAisknowntodayforitsspaciousstoreswithfurnitureinattractivesettingsbutintheearly1950speopleorderedfromcatalogues.Thusresponsetothefirstshowroomwasoverwhelming:peoplelovedbeingabletoseeandtrythefurniturebeforebuyingit.Thisledtoincreasedsalesandthecompanycontinuedtothrive.By1955IKEAwasdesigningallitsownfurniture. In1956Kampradsawamandisassemblingatabletomakeiteasiertotransport.Kampradwasinspired.Themanhadgivenhimagreatidea:flatpackaging3.FlatpackagingwouldmeanlowershippingcostsforIKEAandlowerpricesforcustomers.IKEAtrieditandsalessoared.TheproblemwasthatpeoplehadtoassemblefurniturethemselvesbutovertimeeventhisgrewintoanadvantageforIKEA.NowadaysIKEAisoftenseenashavingconnotationsofself-sufficiency.Thisimagehasdonewondersforthecompanyleadingtobettersalesandcontinuedexpansion. Todaythereareover200storesin32countries.AmazinglyIngvarKampradhasmanagedtokeepIKEAaprivately-heldcompany.In2004hewasnamedtheworld’srichestman.HecurrentlylivesinSwitzerlandandisretiedfromtheday-to-dayoperationsofIKEA.IKEAitselfthoughjustkeepsongrowing. KampradestablishedIKEAwith
PublicRelations Publicrelationsisabroadsetofplannedcommunicationsaboutthecompanyincludingpublicityreleasesdesignedtopromotegoodwillandafavorableimage. Publicitythenispartofpublicrelationswhenitisinitiatedbythefirmusuallyinthe51ofpressreleasesorpressconferences.Sincepublicrelationsinvolvescommunicationswithstockholdersfinancialanalystsgovernmentofficialsandothernoncustomergroupsitisusually52outsidethemarketingdepartmentperhapsasastaffdepartmentoroutsideconsultingfirmreportingtotopmanagement.Thisorganizationalplacementcanbea53becausethepublicrelationsdepartmentorconsultantwilllikelynotbeinlinewithmarketingefforts.Poorcommunicationandnocoordinationcanbethe54.Althoughthebasicpurposeofpublicrelationsistoprovidepositiveinfluence55thepublicimagethisinfluencegenerallymaybelessthan56providedbytheothercomponentsofthepublicimagemix. Publicitynaybeintheformofnewsreleasesthathave57overtonesforthecompanyinitiatebythepublicrelationsdepartment.Publicityontheother58shouldnotbedivorcedfromthemarketingdepartmentasitcan59ausefuladjunct辅助totheregularadvertising.60notallpublicityisinitiatedbythefirm;somecan61fromanunfavorablepressasareactiontocertainactionsorlackof62thatarecontroversialorevendownrightill-advertised. The63wewishtoemphasizeisthatafirmisdeluding自欺itselfifitthinksitspublicrelationsfunctionwhetherwithinthecompanyoranoutsidefirmcantake64ofpublicimageandopportunities.Manyofthesehavetodowiththewaythe65doesbusinesssuchasitsproductqualitytheservicingandhandlingofcomplaintsetc.
TheMostWonderfulIslands ThePalmIslandsarethelargestartificialislandsintheworldandareunderconstructioninDubaiintheUnitedArabEmiratesonwhichmajorcommercialandresidentialinfrastructurewillbeconstructed.Theyarebeingdevelopedastouristleisureandresidentialresortsandwillincreasethecoastlineofthecountryby120kilometres. Afterfouryearsofplanningandcarefulconsiderationoftheenvironmentalissuesconstructionstartedin2001.Dutchengineerswithexperienceofreclaiminglandfromtheseawereemployedinthebuildingofthefirsttwoislands.Thesiteforallthreeislandsisanareaoftheseawherethewaterisnotverydeep.Sandistakenfromtheseabedandsprayedintotheconstructionsite.Althoughtheshallowwaterfacilitatesthisprocesstheislandsarestillveryexposedtothecurrentsandtidalmovementsofthesea.Rocksareusedtoholdthesandinplaceresultinginalargecrescent月状的structure.Thisactsasabreakwaterandprotectstheislandsfromthesea. Thefirsttwoislandsareintheshapeofdatepalmtreesandconsistofatrunkand17frondsorleavescomingoffthetrunk.ThefirstislandnamedPalmJumeirahhasthreefive-starhotelsinthetrunkandluxuryhomesintheleaves.Itisastonishingthatwhenthesehomeswentonsalein2004theywereallsoldwithinthreedays. ThesecondpalmJebelAliwasstartedin2002andisdesignedtobeanentertainmentcentre.Sixmarinas小游艇船坞areplannedwithawaterthemeparkandhomebuiltonstilts桩柱inthewater. ThePalmDeiraisplannedtobethelargestofthethreeislandswithalengthof14kmandawidthof8.5kmanarealargerthanthecityofParis.Itwillconsistofresidentialpropertiesmarinasshoppingmallssportsfacilitiesandclubs.Thesewillbeopentobothresidentsandtourists. MoreartificialislandstheWorldIslandsarenowbeingconstructednearthePalmJumeirah.Theyconsistof300privateislandsgroupedintotheshapeofthecontinentsoftheworldandwillbeusedforestatesprivatehomescommunityislandsandresorts. Unquestionablytheseartificialislandsareoneofthewondersofthemodernworld.TheywillalsomaintainDubai’sstatusasoneoftheleadingtouristdestinationsintheregion. AlltheluxuryhomesonPalmJumeirahweresold.
Theyaretryingto{{U}}identify{{/U}}whatiswrongwiththepresentsystem.
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