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The example was fundamental to the argument.
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基音Fundamentaltone
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ASuccessStory At19BenWayisalreadyamillionaireandoneofagrowingnumberofteenagerswhohave51__________TheirfortunethroughtheInternet.52__________makesBen’sstoryallthemoreremarkableisthatheisdyslexicandwas53__________byteachersathisjuniorschoolthathewouldneverbeabletoreadorwrite54__________.Iwantedtoprovethem55__________saysBencreatoranddirectorofWaysearchanetsearchenginewhichcanbeusedtofindgoodsinonlineshoppingmalls. Whenhewaseighthislocalauthorities56__________himwithaPCtohelpwithschoolwork.Althoughhewas57__________toreadthemanualshehadanaturalabilitywiththecomputerand58__________byhisfatherhesoonbegan59__________people10anhourforhisknowledgeandskills.Attheageof15he60__________uphisowncomputerconsultancyQuadComputerwhichheranfromhisbedroomandtwoyearslaterheleftschoolto61__________allhistimetobusiness. BythistimethecompanyhadgrownandIneededtotakeona62__________ofemployeestohelpmesaysBen.Thatenabledmetostart63__________businesswithbiggercompanies.Itwas.hisabilitytoconsistently64__________difficultchallengesthatledhimtowintheYoungEntrepreneuroftheYearawardingthesameyearthatheformedWaysearchandhehasrecentlysignedadeal65__________25millionwithaprivateinvestmentcompanywhichwillfinancehissearchengine.
Common-coldSenseYoucan’tbeatitbutyoudon’thavetojoinit.Maybeitgotthenamecommoncoldbecauseit’smorecommoninwinter.Thefactisthoughbeingcolddoesn’thaveanythingtodowithgettingone.Coldsarecausedbythespreadofrhinovirusesandatleastsofarmedicalscienceisbetterattellingyouhowtoavoidgettingonethanhowtogetridofone.Childrenarethemostcommonwaycoldvirusesarespreadtoadultsbecausetheyhavemorecoldsthanadults—anaverageofabouteightperyear.WhydokidsseemsomuchmoreeasilytogetcoldsthantheirparentsSimple.Theyhaven’thadtheopportunitytobecomeimmunetomanycoldviruses.Therearemorethan150differentcoldvirusesandyouneverhavethesameonetwice.Beinginfectedbyonemakesyouimmunetoit--butonlyit.Coldsaleusuallyspreadbydirectcontactnotsneezingorcoughing.Fromanotherperson’shandtoyourhandandthentoyournoseoreyesisthemostcommonroute.Thehighestconcentrationofcoldvirusesanywhereisfoundunderthethumbnailsofaboyalthoughthevirusescansurviveforhoursonskinorothersmoothsurfaces.Hygieneisyourbestdefense.Washyourhandsfrequentlypreferablywithadisinfectantsoapespeciallywhenchildreninyourhouseholdhavecolds.Butevencarefulhygienewon’twardoffeverycold.SowhatworkswhenacoughingsneezingrunnynosestrikesTheoldprescriptionoftwoaspirinslotsofwaterandbedrestisagoodplacetostart.Butyou’llalsofindsomeofthefolkremedies..worthWing.Hotmixturesofsugarorhoneylemonandwaterhaverealbenefits.rhinovirusn.鼻病毒immuneadj.免疫的有免疫力disinfectantn.消毒剂杀菌剂prescriptionn.诀窍处方药方sneezevi.打喷嚏thumbnailn.拇指Accordingtotheessayyoumayhaveacoldbecause______.
ASuccessStory At19BenWayisalreadyamillionaireandoneofagrowingnumberofteenagerswhohave51__________TheirfortunethroughtheInternet.52__________makesBen’sstoryallthemoreremarkableisthatheisdyslexicandwas53__________byteachersathisjuniorschoolthathewouldneverbeabletoreadorwrite54__________.Iwantedtoprovethem55__________saysBencreatoranddirectorofWaysearchanetsearchenginewhichcanbeusedtofindgoodsinonlineshoppingmalls. Whenhewaseighthislocalauthorities56__________himwithaPCtohelpwithschoolwork.Althoughhewas57__________toreadthemanualshehadanaturalabilitywiththecomputerand58__________byhisfatherhesoonbegan59__________people10anhourforhisknowledgeandskills.Attheageof15he60__________uphisowncomputerconsultancyQuadComputerwhichheranfromhisbedroomandtwoyearslaterheleftschoolto61__________allhistimetobusiness. BythistimethecompanyhadgrownandIneededtotakeona62__________ofemployeestohelpmesaysBen.Thatenabledmetostart63__________businesswithbiggercompanies.Itwas.hisabilitytoconsistently64__________difficultchallengesthatledhimtowintheYoungEntrepreneuroftheYearawardingthesameyearthatheformedWaysearchandhehasrecentlysignedadeal65__________25millionwithaprivateinvestmentcompanywhichwillfinancehissearchengine.
Therepairworkinvolvedmodifyingtwoofthewindows.
ASuccessStory At19BenWayisalreadyamillionaireandoneofagrowingnumberofteenagerswhohave51__________TheirfortunethroughtheInternet.52__________makesBen’sstoryallthemoreremarkableisthatheisdyslexicandwas53__________byteachersathisjuniorschoolthathewouldneverbeabletoreadorwrite54__________.Iwantedtoprovethem55__________saysBencreatoranddirectorofWaysearchanetsearchenginewhichcanbeusedtofindgoodsinonlineshoppingmalls. Whenhewaseighthislocalauthorities56__________himwithaPCtohelpwithschoolwork.Althoughhewas57__________toreadthemanualshehadanaturalabilitywiththecomputerand58__________byhisfatherhesoonbegan59__________people10anhourforhisknowledgeandskills.Attheageof15he60__________uphisowncomputerconsultancyQuadComputerwhichheranfromhisbedroomandtwoyearslaterheleftschoolto61__________allhistimetobusiness. BythistimethecompanyhadgrownandIneededtotakeona62__________ofemployeestohelpmesaysBen.Thatenabledmetostart63__________businesswithbiggercompanies.Itwas.hisabilitytoconsistently64__________difficultchallengesthatledhimtowintheYoungEntrepreneuroftheYearawardingthesameyearthatheformedWaysearchandhehasrecentlysignedadeal65__________25millionwithaprivateinvestmentcompanywhichwillfinancehissearchengine.
TheChangingMiddleClass TheUnitedStatesperceivesitselftobeamiddle-classnationHowevermiddleclassisnotarealdesignationnordoesitcarryprivileges.ItismoreofaperceptionwhichprobablywasastrueasitevercouldberightafterWorldWarII.Theeconomywasgrowingmoreandmorepeopleownedtheirownhomesworkershadsolidcontractswiththecompaniesthatemployedthemandnearlyeveryonewhowantedahighereducationcouldhaveone.Successfulpeopleenjoyedupwardsocialmobility.Theymayhavestartedoutpoorbuttheycouldbecomerich.Successfulpeoplealsofoundthattheyhadgreatergeographicmobility.Inotherwordstheyfoundthemselvesmovingtoandlivinginavarietyofplaces. Themiddleclasscollectivelyholdsseveralvaluesandprinciples.Onestrongvalueistheneedtoearnenoughmoneytofeelthatonecandetermineone’sowneconomicfate.Inadditionmiddleclassmoralityembracesprinciplesofindividualresponsibilityimportanceoffamilyobligationstoothersandbelievinginsomethingoutsideoneself. Butinthe1990sthoseinthemiddleclassfoundthattherewasapriceforsuccess.AU.S.News&WorldReportsurveyin1994indicatedthat75percentofAmericansbelievedthatmiddleclassfamiliescouldnolongermakeendsmeet.Bothspousesnowworkedasdidsomeofthechildren;longcommutesbecameroutine;theneedforchildcareputstrainsonthefamily;andpublicschoolswerenotasgoodastheyoncewere.Membersofthemiddleclasswerenolongerfinancingtheirlifestylesthroughearningsbutwereusingcredittostayafloat.Theunderstandingofjustwhatmiddleclassmeantwaschanging. Thewordcollectivelymeans
ASuccessStory At19BenWayisalreadyamillionaireandoneofagrowingnumberofteenagerswhohave51__________TheirfortunethroughtheInternet.52__________makesBen’sstoryallthemoreremarkableisthatheisdyslexicandwas53__________byteachersathisjuniorschoolthathewouldneverbeabletoreadorwrite54__________.Iwantedtoprovethem55__________saysBencreatoranddirectorofWaysearchanetsearchenginewhichcanbeusedtofindgoodsinonlineshoppingmalls. Whenhewaseighthislocalauthorities56__________himwithaPCtohelpwithschoolwork.Althoughhewas57__________toreadthemanualshehadanaturalabilitywiththecomputerand58__________byhisfatherhesoonbegan59__________people10anhourforhisknowledgeandskills.Attheageof15he60__________uphisowncomputerconsultancyQuadComputerwhichheranfromhisbedroomandtwoyearslaterheleftschoolto61__________allhistimetobusiness. BythistimethecompanyhadgrownandIneededtotakeona62__________ofemployeestohelpmesaysBen.Thatenabledmetostart63__________businesswithbiggercompanies.Itwas.hisabilitytoconsistently64__________difficultchallengesthatledhimtowintheYoungEntrepreneuroftheYearawardingthesameyearthatheformedWaysearchandhehasrecentlysignedadeal65__________25millionwithaprivateinvestmentcompanywhichwillfinancehissearchengine.
Hurricanes龙卷风Didyouknowthatbefore1950hurricaneshadnonamesTheyweresimplygivennumbers.ThefirstnamesweresimplyAlphaBravoCharlieetc.butin1953femalesnamesweregivenbecauseoftheunpredictability不可预知factorofthestorms.In1979realizingthesexist性别歧视的natureofsuchnamesthelistswereexpandedtoincludebothmenandwomen.Hurricanesandtyphoons台风arethesamethings.IftheyformintheAtlanticwecallthesestrongstormshurricanesfromtheWestIndianwordhurricanemeaningbigwind.AndiftheyarePacificstormstheyarecalledtyphoonsfromtheChinesetaifunmeaninggreatwind.Tobeclassifiedasahurricanethestormmusthavemaximumwindsofatleast75mph.Thesestormsarebigmanyhundredsofmilesindiameter.Hurricanesgettheirpowerfromwatervaporasitgivesoutitsstored-upenergy.Allwatervaporgivesoutheatasitcondenses凝结fromagaseousstatetoaliquidstateoverfixedpointsontheequator赤道.Tomakeahurricaneyoumusthaveextremelywetwarmairthekindofairthatcanonlybefoundintropicalregion.Scientistshavedeterminedthattheheatgivenoutintheprocessofwatercondensationcanbeashighas95billionkilowattsperhour.Injustonedayalonethestormcanproducemoreenergythanmanyindustrializednationsneedinanentireyear!Theproblemisthatwedon’tknowhowtomakesuresuchgreatenergyworkforus.Predictingthepathofahurricaneisoneofthemostdifficulttasksforforecasters.Itmovesatatypicalspeedof15mph.Butnotalways.Somestormsmayraceattwicethisspeedthensuddenlystopandremaininthesamelocationforseveraldays.Itcanbemaddening发疯的ifyouliveinacoastalareathatmaybehit.Thebiggestadvanceinearlydetectioniscontinuouswatchfromweathersatellites.Withthesewecanseethestormsformandtrackthemfullyfrombirthtodeath.Whiletheycanstillkillpeopleanddestroypropertyhurricaneswillneversurpriseanynationagain.Paragraph3______
Theconferenceexploredthepossibilityofclosertradelinks.
TheChangingMiddleClass TheUnitedStatesperceivesitselftobeamiddle-classnationHowevermiddleclassisnotarealdesignationnordoesitcarryprivileges.ItismoreofaperceptionwhichprobablywasastrueasitevercouldberightafterWorldWarII.Theeconomywasgrowingmoreandmorepeopleownedtheirownhomesworkershadsolidcontractswiththecompaniesthatemployedthemandnearlyeveryonewhowantedahighereducationcouldhaveone.Successfulpeopleenjoyedupwardsocialmobility.Theymayhavestartedoutpoorbuttheycouldbecomerich.Successfulpeoplealsofoundthattheyhadgreatergeographicmobility.Inotherwordstheyfoundthemselvesmovingtoandlivinginavarietyofplaces. Themiddleclasscollectivelyholdsseveralvaluesandprinciples.Onestrongvalueistheneedtoearnenoughmoneytofeelthatonecandetermineone’sowneconomicfate.Inadditionmiddleclassmoralityembracesprinciplesofindividualresponsibilityimportanceoffamilyobligationstoothersandbelievinginsomethingoutsideoneself. Butinthe1990sthoseinthemiddleclassfoundthattherewasapriceforsuccess.AU.S.News&WorldReportsurveyin1994indicatedthat75percentofAmericansbelievedthatmiddleclassfamiliescouldnolongermakeendsmeet.Bothspousesnowworkedasdidsomeofthechildren;longcommutesbecameroutine;theneedforchildcareputstrainsonthefamily;andpublicschoolswerenotasgoodastheyoncewere.Membersofthemiddleclasswerenolongerfinancingtheirlifestylesthroughearningsbutwereusingcredittostayafloat.Theunderstandingofjustwhatmiddleclassmeantwaschanging. IntheyearsafterWorldWarIIthemiddleclasscouldbedefinedas
WhyistheNativeLanguageLearntSoWellHowdoesithappenthatchildrenlearntheirmothertonguesowellWhenwecomparethemwithadultslearningaforeignlanguageweoftenfindthisinterestingfact.Alittlechildwithoutknowledgeorexperienceoftensucceedsinacompletemasteryofthelanguage.Agrown-uppersonwithfullydevelopedmentalpowersinmostcasemayendupwithafaultyandinexactcommand.WhataccountsforthisdifferenceDespiteotherexplanationstherealanswerinmyopinionliespartlyinthechildhimselfpartlyinthebehaviorofthepeoplearoundhim.Inthefirstplacethetimeoflearningthemothertongueisthemostfavorableofallnamelythefirstyearsoflife.Achildhearsitspokenfrommorningtillnightandwhatismoreimportantalwaysinitsgenuineformwiththerightpronunciationrightintonationfightuseofwordsandfightstructure.Hedrinksinallthewordsandexpressionswhichcometohiminaflashever-bubblingspring.Thereisnoresistance:thereisperfectassimilation.Thenthechildhasasitwereprivatelessonsalltheyearroundwhileanadultlanguage-studenthaseachweekalimitednumberofhourswhichhegenerallyshareswithothers.Thechildhasanotheradvantage:hehearsthelanguageinallpossiblesituationsalwaysaccompaniedbythefightkindofgesturesandfacialexpressions.HerethereisnothingunnaturalsuchasisoftenfoundinlanguagelessonsinschoolswhenonetalksabouticeandsnowinJuneorscorchingheatinJanuary.Andwhatachildhearsisgenerallywhatimmediatelyinterestshim.Againandagainwhenhisattemptsatspeecharesuccessfulhisdesiresareunderstoodandfulfilled.Finallythoughachild’steachersmaynothavebeentrainedinlanguageteachingtheirrelationswithhimarealwayscloseandpersonal.Theytakegreatpainstomaketheirlessonseasy.Gesturesandfacialexpressionsmayassistachildinmasteringhisnativelanguage.
Heemphasizedafeasibleplanwhichcanbeacceptedbythebothsides.
ImportanceofServicesTheUnitedStateshasmovedbeyondtheindustrialeconomystagetothepointwhereithasbecometheworld’sfirstserviceeconomy.Almostthreefourthsofthenon-farmlaborforceisemployedinserviceindustriesandovertwo-thirdsofthenation’sgrossnationalproductisaccountedforbyservices.Alsoservicejobstypicallyholdupbetterduringarecessionthandojobsinindustriesproducingtangiblegoods.Duringthe20-yearperiodof1966to1986about36millionnewjobswerecreatedintheUnitedStates—farmorethaninJapanandWesternEuropecombined.About90percentofthesejobswereinserviceindustries.Duringthissametimespansome22millionwomenjoinedthelaborforce—and97percentofthesewomenwenttoworkintheservicesector.Theseemploymenttrendsareexpectedtocontinueatleastuntiltheyear2000.Fortheperiod1986—2000theBureauofLaborStatisticspredictsthatover21millionnewjobswillbecreatedand93percentofthemwillbeinserviceindustries.Moreovermostofthisexplosivegrowthinservicesemploymentisnotinlow—payingjobscontrarytothebeliefsofmanyeconomistsbusinessandlaborleadersandpoliticians.ThesepeoplearguethatmanufacturingjobswhichhavebeentheeconomicfoundationofAmerica’smiddleclassarevanishing.Theyclaimthatfactoryworkersarebeingreplacedwithahostoflow-wageearners.Itistruethatmanufacturingjobshavedeclinedwithmanyofthemgoingtoforeigncountries.Itisalsotruethattherehasbeengrowthinsomelow-payingservicejobs.Yetcooksandcounterpeoplestillrepresentonly1percentoftheUSlaborforcetoday.Furthermoreformanyyearsthefastest-growingoccupationalcategoryhasbeenprofessionaltechnicalandrelatedwork.Thesejobspaywellabovetheaverageandmostareinserviceindustries.Aboutone-halfofconsumerexpendituresareforthepurchaseofservices.Projectionstotheyear2000indicatethatserviceswillattractallevenlargershareofconsumerspending.Adrawbackoftheserviceeconomyboomisthatthepricesofmostserviceshavebeengoingupataconsiderablyfasterratethanthepricesofmosttangibleproducts.YouareundoubtedlyawareofthisifyouhavehadyourcarorTVsetrepairedhadyourshoeshalf-soledorpaidamedicalbillinrecentyears.Whenwesaythatservicesaccountforclosetoone-halfofconsumerexpenditureswestillgrosslyunderstatetheeconomicimportanceofservices.Thesefiguresdonotincludethevastamountsspentforbusinessservices.Byallindicationsspendingforbusinessserviceshasincreasedevenmorerapidlythanspendingforconsumerservices.grossnationalproduct国民生产总值略作GNPtangiblegoods有形商品drawbackn.缺点;不利条件Theimportanceofservicescanbeshown______.
Hurricanes龙卷风Didyouknowthatbefore1950hurricaneshadnonamesTheyweresimplygivennumbers.ThefirstnamesweresimplyAlphaBravoCharlieetc.butin1953femalesnamesweregivenbecauseoftheunpredictability不可预知factorofthestorms.In1979realizingthesexist性别歧视的natureofsuchnamesthelistswereexpandedtoincludebothmenandwomen.Hurricanesandtyphoons台风arethesamethings.IftheyformintheAtlanticwecallthesestrongstormshurricanesfromtheWestIndianwordhurricanemeaningbigwind.AndiftheyarePacificstormstheyarecalledtyphoonsfromtheChinesetaifunmeaninggreatwind.Tobeclassifiedasahurricanethestormmusthavemaximumwindsofatleast75mph.Thesestormsarebigmanyhundredsofmilesindiameter.Hurricanesgettheirpowerfromwatervaporasitgivesoutitsstored-upenergy.Allwatervaporgivesoutheatasitcondenses凝结fromagaseousstatetoaliquidstateoverfixedpointsontheequator赤道.Tomakeahurricaneyoumusthaveextremelywetwarmairthekindofairthatcanonlybefoundintropicalregion.Scientistshavedeterminedthattheheatgivenoutintheprocessofwatercondensationcanbeashighas95billionkilowattsperhour.Injustonedayalonethestormcanproducemoreenergythanmanyindustrializednationsneedinanentireyear!Theproblemisthatwedon’tknowhowtomakesuresuchgreatenergyworkforus.Predictingthepathofahurricaneisoneofthemostdifficulttasksforforecasters.Itmovesatatypicalspeedof15mph.Butnotalways.Somestormsmayraceattwicethisspeedthensuddenlystopandremaininthesamelocationforseveraldays.Itcanbemaddening发疯的ifyouliveinacoastalareathatmaybehit.Thebiggestadvanceinearlydetectioniscontinuouswatchfromweathersatellites.Withthesewecanseethestormsformandtrackthemfullyfrombirthtodeath.Whiletheycanstillkillpeopleanddestroypropertyhurricaneswillneversurpriseanynationagain.Bothmaleandfemalenamesareusedforhurricanesinconsiderationof______.A.thetimelydiscoveryB.convenienceC.sexequalityD.itsconnectionwithhumansE.thehugepowerF.itsuncertainty
Wehavetoaskthemtoquittalkinginorderthatallpeoplepresentcouldhearusclearly.
WhyistheNativeLanguageLearntSoWellHowdoesithappenthatchildrenlearntheirmothertonguesowellWhenwecomparethemwithadultslearningaforeignlanguageweoftenfindthisinterestingfact.Alittlechildwithoutknowledgeorexperienceoftensucceedsinacompletemasteryofthelanguage.Agrown-uppersonwithfullydevelopedmentalpowersinmostcasemayendupwithafaultyandinexactcommand.WhataccountsforthisdifferenceDespiteotherexplanationstherealanswerinmyopinionliespartlyinthechildhimselfpartlyinthebehaviorofthepeoplearoundhim.Inthefirstplacethetimeoflearningthemothertongueisthemostfavorableofallnamelythefirstyearsoflife.Achildhearsitspokenfrommorningtillnightandwhatismoreimportantalwaysinitsgenuineformwiththerightpronunciationrightintonationfightuseofwordsandfightstructure.Hedrinksinallthewordsandexpressionswhichcometohiminaflashever-bubblingspring.Thereisnoresistance:thereisperfectassimilation.Thenthechildhasasitwereprivatelessonsalltheyearroundwhileanadultlanguage-studenthaseachweekalimitednumberofhourswhichhegenerallyshareswithothers.Thechildhasanotheradvantage:hehearsthelanguageinallpossiblesituationsalwaysaccompaniedbythefightkindofgesturesandfacialexpressions.HerethereisnothingunnaturalsuchasisoftenfoundinlanguagelessonsinschoolswhenonetalksabouticeandsnowinJuneorscorchingheatinJanuary.Andwhatachildhearsisgenerallywhatimmediatelyinterestshim.Againandagainwhenhisattemptsatspeecharesuccessfulhisdesiresareunderstoodandfulfilled.Finallythoughachild’steachersmaynothavebeentrainedinlanguageteachingtheirrelationswithhimarealwayscloseandpersonal.Theytakegreatpainstomaketheirlessonseasy.Plentyofpracticeinlisteningduringthefirstyearsoflifepartlyensureschildren’ssuccessoflearningtheirmothertongue.
ImportanceofServicesTheUnitedStateshasmovedbeyondtheindustrialeconomystagetothepointwhereithasbecometheworld’sfirstserviceeconomy.Almostthreefourthsofthenon-farmlaborforceisemployedinserviceindustriesandovertwo-thirdsofthenation’sgrossnationalproductisaccountedforbyservices.Alsoservicejobstypicallyholdupbetterduringarecessionthandojobsinindustriesproducingtangiblegoods.Duringthe20-yearperiodof1966to1986about36millionnewjobswerecreatedintheUnitedStates—farmorethaninJapanandWesternEuropecombined.About90percentofthesejobswereinserviceindustries.Duringthissametimespansome22millionwomenjoinedthelaborforce—and97percentofthesewomenwenttoworkintheservicesector.Theseemploymenttrendsareexpectedtocontinueatleastuntiltheyear2000.Fortheperiod1986—2000theBureauofLaborStatisticspredictsthatover21millionnewjobswillbecreatedand93percentofthemwillbeinserviceindustries.Moreovermostofthisexplosivegrowthinservicesemploymentisnotinlow—payingjobscontrarytothebeliefsofmanyeconomistsbusinessandlaborleadersandpoliticians.ThesepeoplearguethatmanufacturingjobswhichhavebeentheeconomicfoundationofAmerica’smiddleclassarevanishing.Theyclaimthatfactoryworkersarebeingreplacedwithahostoflow-wageearners.Itistruethatmanufacturingjobshavedeclinedwithmanyofthemgoingtoforeigncountries.Itisalsotruethattherehasbeengrowthinsomelow-payingservicejobs.Yetcooksandcounterpeoplestillrepresentonly1percentoftheUSlaborforcetoday.Furthermoreformanyyearsthefastest-growingoccupationalcategoryhasbeenprofessionaltechnicalandrelatedwork.Thesejobspaywellabovetheaverageandmostareinserviceindustries.Aboutone-halfofconsumerexpendituresareforthepurchaseofservices.Projectionstotheyear2000indicatethatserviceswillattractallevenlargershareofconsumerspending.Adrawbackoftheserviceeconomyboomisthatthepricesofmostserviceshavebeengoingupataconsiderablyfasterratethanthepricesofmosttangibleproducts.YouareundoubtedlyawareofthisifyouhavehadyourcarorTVsetrepairedhadyourshoeshalf-soledorpaidamedicalbillinrecentyears.Whenwesaythatservicesaccountforclosetoone-halfofconsumerexpenditureswestillgrosslyunderstatetheeconomicimportanceofservices.Thesefiguresdonotincludethevastamountsspentforbusinessservices.Byallindicationsspendingforbusinessserviceshasincreasedevenmorerapidlythanspendingforconsumerservices.grossnationalproduct国民生产总值略作GNPtangiblegoods有形商品drawbackn.缺点;不利条件Between1966and1986theUnitedStatescreatedabout______.
ASuccessStory At19BenWayisalreadyamillionaireandoneofagrowingnumberofteenagerswhohave51__________TheirfortunethroughtheInternet.52__________makesBen’sstoryallthemoreremarkableisthatheisdyslexicandwas53__________byteachersathisjuniorschoolthathewouldneverbeabletoreadorwrite54__________.Iwantedtoprovethem55__________saysBencreatoranddirectorofWaysearchanetsearchenginewhichcanbeusedtofindgoodsinonlineshoppingmalls. Whenhewaseighthislocalauthorities56__________himwithaPCtohelpwithschoolwork.Althoughhewas57__________toreadthemanualshehadanaturalabilitywiththecomputerand58__________byhisfatherhesoonbegan59__________people10anhourforhisknowledgeandskills.Attheageof15he60__________uphisowncomputerconsultancyQuadComputerwhichheranfromhisbedroomandtwoyearslaterheleftschoolto61__________allhistimetobusiness. BythistimethecompanyhadgrownandIneededtotakeona62__________ofemployeestohelpmesaysBen.Thatenabledmetostart63__________businesswithbiggercompanies.Itwas.hisabilitytoconsistently64__________difficultchallengesthatledhimtowintheYoungEntrepreneuroftheYearawardingthesameyearthatheformedWaysearchandhehasrecentlysignedadeal65__________25millionwithaprivateinvestmentcompanywhichwillfinancehissearchengine.
Thecommitteecomprisesfivepersons.
ASuccessStory At19BenWayisalreadyamillionaireandoneofagrowingnumberofteenagerswhohave51__________TheirfortunethroughtheInternet.52__________makesBen’sstoryallthemoreremarkableisthatheisdyslexicandwas53__________byteachersathisjuniorschoolthathewouldneverbeabletoreadorwrite54__________.Iwantedtoprovethem55__________saysBencreatoranddirectorofWaysearchanetsearchenginewhichcanbeusedtofindgoodsinonlineshoppingmalls. Whenhewaseighthislocalauthorities56__________himwithaPCtohelpwithschoolwork.Althoughhewas57__________toreadthemanualshehadanaturalabilitywiththecomputerand58__________byhisfatherhesoonbegan59__________people10anhourforhisknowledgeandskills.Attheageof15he60__________uphisowncomputerconsultancyQuadComputerwhichheranfromhisbedroomandtwoyearslaterheleftschoolto61__________allhistimetobusiness. BythistimethecompanyhadgrownandIneededtotakeona62__________ofemployeestohelpmesaysBen.Thatenabledmetostart63__________businesswithbiggercompanies.Itwas.hisabilitytoconsistently64__________difficultchallengesthatledhimtowintheYoungEntrepreneuroftheYearawardingthesameyearthatheformedWaysearchandhehasrecentlysignedadeal65__________25millionwithaprivateinvestmentcompanywhichwillfinancehissearchengine.
SaltyRicePlantBoostsHarvestsBritishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplantsthatwillbeabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Theirworkmayenableabandonedfarmstobecomeproductiveoncemore.TimFlowersandTonyYeofromSussexUniversity’sSchoolofBiologicalScienceshavespentseveralyearsresearchinghowcropssuchasricecouldbemadetogrowinwaterthathasbecomesalty.Thepairhaverecentlybegunathree-yearprogrammefundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCounciltoestablishwhichgenesenablesomeplantstosurvivesaltyconditions.Theaimistobreedthiscapabilityintocropsstartingwithrice.Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan100hectares公顷ofagriculturallandarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoilandstunts妨碍生长plants.Theproblemiscausedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropicsmangroves红树林thatcreateswamps沼泽andtraditionallyformedbarrierstoseawaterhavebeencutdown.IntheMediterraneanaseriesofdroughtshavecausedthewatertabletodropallowingseawatertoseep渗透in.InLatinAmericairrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwaterisevaporated蒸发bytheheatleavingsaltdepositsbehind.Excesssaltthenenterstheplantsandpreventsthemfunctioningnormally.Heavyconcentrationsofmineralsintheplantsstopthemdrawingupthewatertheyneedtosurvive.ToovercometheseproblemsFlowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplantsthattakeinverylittlesaltandstorewhattheydoabsorbincellsthatdonotaffecttheplants’growth.Theyhavestartedtobreedthesecharacteristicsintoanewricecropbutitwilltakeabouteightharvestsbeforetheresultingseedsarereadytobeconsideredforcommercialuse.OncethecharacteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoilareknownFlowersandYeowilltrytobreedtheappropriategenesintoallmannersofcropsandplants.Landthathasbeenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeabletobloomagainprovidingmuchneededfoodinthepoorercountriesoftheworld.Theattitudeoftheauthortowardstheresearchprojectis______.
ASuccessStory At19BenWayisalreadyamillionaireandoneofagrowingnumberofteenagerswhohave51__________TheirfortunethroughtheInternet.52__________makesBen’sstoryallthemoreremarkableisthatheisdyslexicandwas53__________byteachersathisjuniorschoolthathewouldneverbeabletoreadorwrite54__________.Iwantedtoprovethem55__________saysBencreatoranddirectorofWaysearchanetsearchenginewhichcanbeusedtofindgoodsinonlineshoppingmalls. Whenhewaseighthislocalauthorities56__________himwithaPCtohelpwithschoolwork.Althoughhewas57__________toreadthemanualshehadanaturalabilitywiththecomputerand58__________byhisfatherhesoonbegan59__________people10anhourforhisknowledgeandskills.Attheageof15he60__________uphisowncomputerconsultancyQuadComputerwhichheranfromhisbedroomandtwoyearslaterheleftschoolto61__________allhistimetobusiness. BythistimethecompanyhadgrownandIneededtotakeona62__________ofemployeestohelpmesaysBen.Thatenabledmetostart63__________businesswithbiggercompanies.Itwas.hisabilitytoconsistently64__________difficultchallengesthatledhimtowintheYoungEntrepreneuroftheYearawardingthesameyearthatheformedWaysearchandhehasrecentlysignedadeal65__________25millionwithaprivateinvestmentcompanywhichwillfinancehissearchengine.
Theseawascalmandstill.
SaltyRicePlantBoostsHarvestsBritishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplantsthatwillbeabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Theirworkmayenableabandonedfarmstobecomeproductiveoncemore.TimFlowersandTonyYeofromSussexUniversity’sSchoolofBiologicalScienceshavespentseveralyearsresearchinghowcropssuchasricecouldbemadetogrowinwaterthathasbecomesalty.Thepairhaverecentlybegunathree-yearprogrammefundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCounciltoestablishwhichgenesenablesomeplantstosurvivesaltyconditions.Theaimistobreedthiscapabilityintocropsstartingwithrice.Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan100hectares公顷ofagriculturallandarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoilandstunts妨碍生长plants.Theproblemiscausedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropicsmangroves红树林thatcreateswamps沼泽andtraditionallyformedbarrierstoseawaterhavebeencutdown.IntheMediterraneanaseriesofdroughtshavecausedthewatertabletodropallowingseawatertoseep渗透in.InLatinAmericairrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwaterisevaporated蒸发bytheheatleavingsaltdepositsbehind.Excesssaltthenenterstheplantsandpreventsthemfunctioningnormally.Heavyconcentrationsofmineralsintheplantsstopthemdrawingupthewatertheyneedtosurvive.ToovercometheseproblemsFlowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplantsthattakeinverylittlesaltandstorewhattheydoabsorbincellsthatdonotaffecttheplants’growth.Theyhavestartedtobreedthesecharacteristicsintoanewricecropbutitwilltakeabouteightharvestsbeforetheresultingseedsarereadytobeconsideredforcommercialuse.OncethecharacteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoilareknownFlowersandYeowilltrytobreedtheappropriategenesintoallmannersofcropsandplants.Landthathasbeenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeabletobloomagainprovidingmuchneededfoodinthepoorercountriesoftheworld.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseoftheproblemdiscussedinthepassage
Shehasbeenthesubjectofmassivemediacoverage.
Hurricanes龙卷风Didyouknowthatbefore1950hurricaneshadnonamesTheyweresimplygivennumbers.ThefirstnamesweresimplyAlphaBravoCharlieetc.butin1953femalesnamesweregivenbecauseoftheunpredictability不可预知factorofthestorms.In1979realizingthesexist性别歧视的natureofsuchnamesthelistswereexpandedtoincludebothmenandwomen.Hurricanesandtyphoons台风arethesamethings.IftheyformintheAtlanticwecallthesestrongstormshurricanesfromtheWestIndianwordhurricanemeaningbigwind.AndiftheyarePacificstormstheyarecalledtyphoonsfromtheChinesetaifunmeaninggreatwind.Tobeclassifiedasahurricanethestormmusthavemaximumwindsofatleast75mph.Thesestormsarebigmanyhundredsofmilesindiameter.Hurricanesgettheirpowerfromwatervaporasitgivesoutitsstored-upenergy.Allwatervaporgivesoutheatasitcondenses凝结fromagaseousstatetoaliquidstateoverfixedpointsontheequator赤道.Tomakeahurricaneyoumusthaveextremelywetwarmairthekindofairthatcanonlybefoundintropicalregion.Scientistshavedeterminedthattheheatgivenoutintheprocessofwatercondensationcanbeashighas95billionkilowattsperhour.Injustonedayalonethestormcanproducemoreenergythanmanyindustrializednationsneedinanentireyear!Theproblemisthatwedon’tknowhowtomakesuresuchgreatenergyworkforus.Predictingthepathofahurricaneisoneofthemostdifficulttasksforforecasters.Itmovesatatypicalspeedof15mph.Butnotalways.Somestormsmayraceattwicethisspeedthensuddenlystopandremaininthesamelocationforseveraldays.Itcanbemaddening发疯的ifyouliveinacoastalareathatmaybehit.Thebiggestadvanceinearlydetectioniscontinuouswatchfromweathersatellites.Withthesewecanseethestormsformandtrackthemfullyfrombirthtodeath.Whiletheycanstillkillpeopleanddestroypropertyhurricaneswillneversurpriseanynationagain.Energyspecialistsmaybeinterestedin______ofhurricanes.
WhyistheNativeLanguageLearntSoWellHowdoesithappenthatchildrenlearntheirmothertonguesowellWhenwecomparethemwithadultslearningaforeignlanguageweoftenfindthisinterestingfact.Alittlechildwithoutknowledgeorexperienceoftensucceedsinacompletemasteryofthelanguage.Agrown-uppersonwithfullydevelopedmentalpowersinmostcasemayendupwithafaultyandinexactcommand.WhataccountsforthisdifferenceDespiteotherexplanationstherealanswerinmyopinionliespartlyinthechildhimselfpartlyinthebehaviorofthepeoplearoundhim.Inthefirstplacethetimeoflearningthemothertongueisthemostfavorableofallnamelythefirstyearsoflife.Achildhearsitspokenfrommorningtillnightandwhatismoreimportantalwaysinitsgenuineformwiththerightpronunciationrightintonationfightuseofwordsandfightstructure.Hedrinksinallthewordsandexpressionswhichcometohiminaflashever-bubblingspring.Thereisnoresistance:thereisperfectassimilation.Thenthechildhasasitwereprivatelessonsalltheyearroundwhileanadultlanguage-studenthaseachweekalimitednumberofhourswhichhegenerallyshareswithothers.Thechildhasanotheradvantage:hehearsthelanguageinallpossiblesituationsalwaysaccompaniedbythefightkindofgesturesandfacialexpressions.HerethereisnothingunnaturalsuchasisoftenfoundinlanguagelessonsinschoolswhenonetalksabouticeandsnowinJuneorscorchingheatinJanuary.Andwhatachildhearsisgenerallywhatimmediatelyinterestshim.Againandagainwhenhisattemptsatspeecharesuccessfulhisdesiresareunderstoodandfulfilled.Finallythoughachild’steachersmaynothavebeentrainedinlanguageteachingtheirrelationswithhimarealwayscloseandpersonal.Theytakegreatpainstomaketheirlessonseasy.Adults’knowledgeandmentalpowershindertheircompletemasteryofaforeignlanguage.
Weallconsiderhimamanofdynamicpersonalities.
SaltyRicePlantBoostsHarvestsBritishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplantsthatwillbeabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Theirworkmayenableabandonedfarmstobecomeproductiveoncemore.TimFlowersandTonyYeofromSussexUniversity’sSchoolofBiologicalScienceshavespentseveralyearsresearchinghowcropssuchasricecouldbemadetogrowinwaterthathasbecomesalty.Thepairhaverecentlybegunathree-yearprogrammefundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCounciltoestablishwhichgenesenablesomeplantstosurvivesaltyconditions.Theaimistobreedthiscapabilityintocropsstartingwithrice.Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan100hectares公顷ofagriculturallandarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoilandstunts妨碍生长plants.Theproblemiscausedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropicsmangroves红树林thatcreateswamps沼泽andtraditionallyformedbarrierstoseawaterhavebeencutdown.IntheMediterraneanaseriesofdroughtshavecausedthewatertabletodropallowingseawatertoseep渗透in.InLatinAmericairrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwaterisevaporated蒸发bytheheatleavingsaltdepositsbehind.Excesssaltthenenterstheplantsandpreventsthemfunctioningnormally.Heavyconcentrationsofmineralsintheplantsstopthemdrawingupthewatertheyneedtosurvive.ToovercometheseproblemsFlowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplantsthattakeinverylittlesaltandstorewhattheydoabsorbincellsthatdonotaffecttheplants’growth.Theyhavestartedtobreedthesecharacteristicsintoanewricecropbutitwilltakeabouteightharvestsbeforetheresultingseedsarereadytobeconsideredforcommercialuse.OncethecharacteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoilareknownFlowersandYeowilltrytobreedtheappropriategenesintoallmannersofcropsandplants.Landthathasbeenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeabletobloomagainprovidingmuchneededfoodinthepoorercountriesoftheworld.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutFlowersandYeoisTRUE
Hurricanes龙卷风Didyouknowthatbefore1950hurricaneshadnonamesTheyweresimplygivennumbers.ThefirstnamesweresimplyAlphaBravoCharlieetc.butin1953femalesnamesweregivenbecauseoftheunpredictability不可预知factorofthestorms.In1979realizingthesexist性别歧视的natureofsuchnamesthelistswereexpandedtoincludebothmenandwomen.Hurricanesandtyphoons台风arethesamethings.IftheyformintheAtlanticwecallthesestrongstormshurricanesfromtheWestIndianwordhurricanemeaningbigwind.AndiftheyarePacificstormstheyarecalledtyphoonsfromtheChinesetaifunmeaninggreatwind.Tobeclassifiedasahurricanethestormmusthavemaximumwindsofatleast75mph.Thesestormsarebigmanyhundredsofmilesindiameter.Hurricanesgettheirpowerfromwatervaporasitgivesoutitsstored-upenergy.Allwatervaporgivesoutheatasitcondenses凝结fromagaseousstatetoaliquidstateoverfixedpointsontheequator赤道.Tomakeahurricaneyoumusthaveextremelywetwarmairthekindofairthatcanonlybefoundintropicalregion.Scientistshavedeterminedthattheheatgivenoutintheprocessofwatercondensationcanbeashighas95billionkilowattsperhour.Injustonedayalonethestormcanproducemoreenergythanmanyindustrializednationsneedinanentireyear!Theproblemisthatwedon’tknowhowtomakesuresuchgreatenergyworkforus.Predictingthepathofahurricaneisoneofthemostdifficulttasksforforecasters.Itmovesatatypicalspeedof15mph.Butnotalways.Somestormsmayraceattwicethisspeedthensuddenlystopandremaininthesamelocationforseveraldays.Itcanbemaddening发疯的ifyouliveinacoastalareathatmaybehit.Thebiggestadvanceinearlydetectioniscontinuouswatchfromweathersatellites.Withthesewecanseethestormsformandtrackthemfullyfrombirthtodeath.Whiletheycanstillkillpeopleanddestroypropertyhurricaneswillneversurpriseanynationagain.Paragraph1______A.Ashorthistoryofnaminghurricanes.B.Harnessingthehurricaneenergy.C.Difficultyinforecastingthecourseofahurricane.D.Hugeenergystoredinahurricane.E.Forecastingahurricanethroughsatellitewatching.F.Differentnamesforthesamethings.
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