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Inthepastyearalothaschangedinthefieldofhumanspaceflight.46InJanuaryPresidentGeorgeBushbrushedasidethefactthatAmerica’sentirespace-shuttlefleetwasgroundedwhenheannouncedgrandioseplanstoputpeoplebackonthemoonandthentolaunchamannedmissiontoMars.47InJuneBurtRutananAmericanaeronauticalengineershowedthathumanspaceflightwasnolongerthepreserveofgovernmentsbysendingamantotheedgeofspaceinSpaceShipOneaprivatelyfinancedvehiclethatcostaboutthesametobuildasaluxuryyacht.ThatwasfollowedinSeptemberbySirRichardBransontheBritishentrepreneurbehindtheVirginbrandannouncingthathehadsignedadealwithMr.RutantoworkonplansforafleetoffivesuborbitalvehiclesdevelopedfromSpaceShipOne. 48NowinthedyingdaysoftheyearAmerica’sCongresshaspassedabillthatunravelsatangleaboutwhowouldberesponsibleforregulatingthefledglingindustryandunderwhatterms.49ThebillalsoallowspassengerstoflyontheunderstandingthatthisnewgenerationofvehiclesmaynotbeassafeastakingacommercialflightbetweensayNewYorkandLondon. TheofficiallinefromVirginGalacticaasSirRichard’slatestventureismodestlynamedisthatthiscomingchangeinthelawmakesnopracticaldifferencetothefirm’splanssincetheydonotintendtoflyunlesstheycanmaketheirspacecraftassafeasaprivatejet.Butitmustsurelycomeassomesortofrelief.InanycaseWillWhitehorndirectorofcorporateaffairsatVirgin’sheadquartersinLondonandsoontobecomethepresidentofVirginGalacticasaysthatworkisunderwayonamock-upoftheinteriorofanewspacecraftthatwillholdfivepassengers.50Virginhasalreadycommitted$20mtowardslicensingtheSpaceShipOnetechnologyfromMr.RutanandhisfinancialbackerPaulAllenasoftwarebillionaire. NowinthedyingdaysoftheyearAmerica’sCongresshaspassedabillthatunravelsatangleaboutwhowouldberesponsibleforregulatingthefledglingindustryandunderwhatterms.
Inthepastyearalothaschangedinthefieldofhumanspaceflight.46InJanuaryPresidentGeorgeBushbrushedasidethefactthatAmerica’sentirespace-shuttlefleetwasgroundedwhenheannouncedgrandioseplanstoputpeoplebackonthemoonandthentolaunchamannedmissiontoMars.47InJuneBurtRutananAmericanaeronauticalengineershowedthathumanspaceflightwasnolongerthepreserveofgovernmentsbysendingamantotheedgeofspaceinSpaceShipOneaprivatelyfinancedvehiclethatcostaboutthesametobuildasaluxuryyacht.ThatwasfollowedinSeptemberbySirRichardBransontheBritishentrepreneurbehindtheVirginbrandannouncingthathehadsignedadealwithMr.RutantoworkonplansforafleetoffivesuborbitalvehiclesdevelopedfromSpaceShipOne. 48NowinthedyingdaysoftheyearAmerica’sCongresshaspassedabillthatunravelsatangleaboutwhowouldberesponsibleforregulatingthefledglingindustryandunderwhatterms.49ThebillalsoallowspassengerstoflyontheunderstandingthatthisnewgenerationofvehiclesmaynotbeassafeastakingacommercialflightbetweensayNewYorkandLondon. TheofficiallinefromVirginGalacticaasSirRichard’slatestventureismodestlynamedisthatthiscomingchangeinthelawmakesnopracticaldifferencetothefirm’splanssincetheydonotintendtoflyunlesstheycanmaketheirspacecraftassafeasaprivatejet.Butitmustsurelycomeassomesortofrelief.InanycaseWillWhitehorndirectorofcorporateaffairsatVirgin’sheadquartersinLondonandsoontobecomethepresidentofVirginGalacticasaysthatworkisunderwayonamock-upoftheinteriorofanewspacecraftthatwillholdfivepassengers.50Virginhasalreadycommitted$20mtowardslicensingtheSpaceShipOnetechnologyfromMr.RutanandhisfinancialbackerPaulAllenasoftwarebillionaire. InJanuaryPresidentGeorgeBushbrushedasidethefactthatAmerica’sentirespace-shuttlefleetwasgroundedwhenheannouncedgrandioseplanstoputpeoplebackonthemoonandthentolaunchamannedmissiontoMars.
淋巴细胞归巢受体是指
免疫自稳功能异常可发生
Inthepastyearalothaschangedinthefieldofhumanspaceflight.46InJanuaryPresidentGeorgeBushbrushedasidethefactthatAmerica’sentirespace-shuttlefleetwasgroundedwhenheannouncedgrandioseplanstoputpeoplebackonthemoonandthentolaunchamannedmissiontoMars.47InJuneBurtRutananAmericanaeronauticalengineershowedthathumanspaceflightwasnolongerthepreserveofgovernmentsbysendingamantotheedgeofspaceinSpaceShipOneaprivatelyfinancedvehiclethatcostaboutthesametobuildasaluxuryyacht.ThatwasfollowedinSeptemberbySirRichardBransontheBritishentrepreneurbehindtheVirginbrandannouncingthathehadsignedadealwithMr.RutantoworkonplansforafleetoffivesuborbitalvehiclesdevelopedfromSpaceShipOne. 48NowinthedyingdaysoftheyearAmerica’sCongresshaspassedabillthatunravelsatangleaboutwhowouldberesponsibleforregulatingthefledglingindustryandunderwhatterms.49ThebillalsoallowspassengerstoflyontheunderstandingthatthisnewgenerationofvehiclesmaynotbeassafeastakingacommercialflightbetweensayNewYorkandLondon. TheofficiallinefromVirginGalacticaasSirRichard’slatestventureismodestlynamedisthatthiscomingchangeinthelawmakesnopracticaldifferencetothefirm’splanssincetheydonotintendtoflyunlesstheycanmaketheirspacecraftassafeasaprivatejet.Butitmustsurelycomeassomesortofrelief.InanycaseWillWhitehorndirectorofcorporateaffairsatVirgin’sheadquartersinLondonandsoontobecomethepresidentofVirginGalacticasaysthatworkisunderwayonamock-upoftheinteriorofanewspacecraftthatwillholdfivepassengers.50Virginhasalreadycommitted$20mtowardslicensingtheSpaceShipOnetechnologyfromMr.RutanandhisfinancialbackerPaulAllenasoftwarebillionaire. Virginhasalreadycommitted$20mtowardslicensingtheSpaceShipOnetechnologyfromMr.RutanandhisfinancialbackerPaulAllenasoftwarebillionaire.
Apairofdicerolledagainandagainwilleventuallyproducetwosixes.Similarlythevirusthatcausesinfluenzaisconstantlychangingatrandomandonedaywillmutateinawaythatwillenableittoinfectbillionsofpeopleandtokillmillions.Manyexpertsnowbelieveaglobaloutbreakofpandemicfluisoverdueandthatthenextonecouldbeasbadastheonein1918whichkilledsomewherebetween25mand50mpeople.Todayhoweveradvancesinmedicineofferrealhopethatanothersuchoutbreakcanbecontained-ifgovernmentsstartpreparingnow. Newresearchpublishedthisweeksuggeststhatarelativelysmallstockpileofanantiviraldrug-aslittleas3mdoses--couldbeenoughtolimitsharplyaflupandemicifthedrugsweredeployedquicklytopeopleintheareasurroundingtheinitialoutbreak.Thedrug’smanufacturerRocheistalkingtotheWorldHealthOrganisationaboutdonatingsuchastockpile. Thisisgoodnews.ButmuchmoreneedstobedoneespeciallywithanastystrainofavianfluspreadinginAsiawhichcouldmutateintoathreattohumans.SincetheSARSoutbreakin2003afewcountrieshavedevelopedplansinpreparationforsimilarepisodes.Butprogresshasbeenshamefullypatchyandthereisstillfartoolittleinternationalcoordination. AglobalstockpileofdrugsalonewouldnotbemuchusewithoutanadequatesystemofsurveillancetoidentifyearlycasesandawayofdeliveringtreatmentquicklyIfanoutbreakoccurredinaborderregionforexampleaswiftresponsewouldmostlikelydependonprioragreementsbetweendifferentcountriesaboutquarantineandcontainment. ReachingsuchagreementsisrarelyeasybutthatmakesthetaskallthemoreurgentRichcountriestendtobebetterpreparedthanpooronesbutthisshouldbenoconsolationtothem.Fludoesnotrespectborders.Itisineveryone’sinteresttomakesurethatdevelopingcountriesespeciallyinAsiaarealsowellprepared.Manymaybridleatinterferencefromoutside.Butifrichernationswerewillingtodonateanti-viraldrugsandguaranteeasupplyofanyvaccinethatbecomesavailablepoorernationsmightbewillingtoreachagreementsoversurveillanceandpreparedness. Simplysortingoutafewdetailsnowwillhavelivesandrecriminationslater.WilltherebeenoughventilatorsmakesanddrugsWherewillpeoplebetreatedifthehospitalsoverflowWillfoodbedeliveredasnormalToomanycountrieshavenoanswerstothesequestions. Accordingtothetextwhichofthefollowingsisnotreadilymade
单向混合淋巴细胞反应试验的主要反应细胞是
超抗原
Companieshaveembarkedonwhatlookslikethebeginningsofare-runofthemergersandacquisitionsM&Awavethatdefinedthesecondbubblyhalfofthe1990s.Thatperiodreadersmightrecallwascharacterizedbyacollectivesplurgethatsawthecreationofsomeofthemostindebtedcompaniesinhistorymanyofwhichlaterwentbankruptorwerethemselvesbrokenup.WildbiddingfortelecomsinternetandmediaassetsnottomentionthemadnessthatwasDaimler’s$40billionmotoringtakeoverin1998-1999ofChryslerortheTime-Warner/AOLmega-mergerin2000helpedtogivemergersathoroughlybadname.AconsensusemergedthatM&Awasagreatwayforinvestmentbankstoreaprichfeesandasurewayforambitiousmanagerstobetrayinvestorsbytrashingthevalueoftheirshares. NowM&Aisback.ItsreturnisaglobalphenomenonbutitisperhapsmoststrikinginEuropewheresofarthisyeartherehasbeenastreamofdealsworthmorethan$600billionintotalaround40%higherthaninthesameperiodof2004.ThelatesteffortcamethisweekwhenFrance’sSaint-Gobainabuilding-materialsfirmunveiledthedetailsofits￡3.6billion$6.5billionhostilebidforBPBaBritishrival.Inthefirsthalfoftheyearcross-borderactivitywasupthreefoldoverthesameperiodlastyear.EvenFranceTelecomwhichwasleftalmostbankruptattheendofthelastmergerwaverecentlyboughtAmenaaSpanishmobileoperator. Shareholder’sapprovalofallthesedealsraisesaninterestingquestionforcompanieseverywhereareinvestorsrighttothinkthatthesemergersaremorelikelytosucceedthanearlieronesTherearetwoanswers.Thefirstisthatpastmergersmayhavebeenjudgedtooharshly.ThesecondisthatthepresentrashofEuropeandealsdoeslookmorerationalbut-andthecaveatiscrucial-onlysofar.Thepatternmaynothold. M&A’spoorreputationstemsnotonlyfromthestringofspectacularfailuresinthe1990sbutalsofromstudiesthatshowedvaluedestructionforacquiringshareholdersin80%ofdeals.Butmorerecentstudiesbyeconomistshaveintroducedanoteofcaution.Investorsshouldlookatthenumberofdealsthatsucceedorfailtypicallymeasuredbytheimpactonthesharepriceratherthanasyoumightthinkweighingthembysize.ForexamplenoonedoubtsthattheDaimler-Chryslermergerdestroyedvalue.ThecombinedmarketvalueofthetwofirmsisstillbelowthatofDaimleralonebeforethedeal.ThissingledealaccountedforhalfofallGermanM&Aactivitybyvaluein1998and1999andprobablydominatedpeople’sthinkingaboutmergerstothesamedegree.Throwinafewothersuchmonstersanditisnowonderthatbroadstudieshavetendedtofindthatmergersareabadidea.Thetruepictureismorecomplicated ThecaseofDaimler-Chryslerisemployedinthetextas
Manycountrieshaveatraditionofinvitingforeignerstorulethem.TheEnglishcalledinWilliamofOrangein1688anddependingonyourinterpretationofhistoryWilliamofNormandyin1066.Bothdidratheragoodjob.ReturningthecomplimentAlbaniaaskedawell-bredEnglishmancalledAubgreyHerberttobetheirkinginthe1920s.Herefused-andtheyendedupwithseveralcovescalledZog. Americathecountryofimmigrantshasnotruckwithimportedforeigntalent.Articletwooftheconstitutionsaysthat"nopersonexceptanatural-borncitizen..shallbeeligibletotheofficeofthepresident".Thisisnowbeingchallengedbyaparticularlyirresistibleimmigrant:ArnoldSchwarzenegger. BarelyayearhaspassedsincetheerstwhilecyborgswepttovictoryinCalifornia’srecallelectionyetthereisalreadyanAmend-for-ArnoldcampaigncollectingsignaturestolettheAustrian-borngovernorhaveagoattheWhiteHouse.GeorgeBushseniorhasweighedinonhisbehalf.Thereareseveral"Arnoldamendments"inCongress.oneallowsforeignerswhohavebeennaturalizedcitizensfor20yearstobecomepresident.TheAustrianbecameAmericanin1983. Itiseasytodismissthehooplaasanotherregrettableexampleofloopycelebritypolitics.Mr.Schwarzeneggerhasmadeadecentstartasgovernorbuthehasdonelittleasyettochangethestructureofhisdysfunctionalstate.IndeedevenifthelawwerechangedhecouldwellbeelbowedasidebyanotherincomerthistimefromCanada.theDemocraticgovernorofMichiganJenniferGranholmwhoappearstohavefewerskeletonsinherclosetthanthehedonisticactor. MoreoverchangingtheAmericanconstitutionisnododdle.Ithashappenedonly17timessince1791whenthefirsttenamendmentswerecodifiedasthebillofrights.Tochangetheconstitutionanamendmenthastobeapprovedbytwo-thirdsofbothhousesofCongressandthentoberatifiedbythree-quartersofthe50states.TheArnoldamendmentishardlyinthesamecategoryasabolishingslaveryorgivingwomenthevote.AndassomewagspointoutAustrianimportshaveaprettydodgyrecordofrunningmilitarysuperpowers ComparedwithJenniferGranholmMr.Schwarzeneggerisatdisadvantagedueto
胸腺依赖抗原诱发抗体反应必须由以下哪一组细胞参与
[A]DrDanielStanleyanoceanographerhasfoundvolcanicshardsinEgyptthathebelievesarelinkedtotheexplosion.ComputersimulationsbyMikeRampinoaclimatemodelerfromNewYorkUniversityshowthattheresultingashcloudcouldhaveplungedtheareaintodarknessaswellasgeneratinglightningandhailtwoofthe10plagues. [B]Thecloudcouldhavealsoreducedtherainfallcausingadrought.IftheNilehadthenbeenpoisonedbytheeffectsoftheeruptionpollutioncouldhaveturneditredashappenedinarecentenvironmentaldisasterinAmerica.Thesamepollutioncouldhavedrivenmillionsoffrogsontothelandthesecondplague.Onlandthefrogswoulddieremovingtheonlyobstacletoanexplosionoffliesandlice-thethirdandfourthplagues.Thefliescouldhavetransmittedfataldiseasestocattlethefifthplagueandboilsandblisterstohumansthesixthplague. [C]MoseswhichwillbebroadcastinDecember2002willsuggestthatmuchoftheBiblestorycanbeexplainedbyasinglenaturaldisasterahugevolcaniceruptionontheGreekislandofSantoriniinthe16thcenturyBC. [D]Thehour-longdocumentaryarguesthateventhestoryofthepartingoftheRedSeawhichallowedMosestoleadtheHebrewstosafetywhilethepursuingEgyptianarmywasdrownedmayhaveitsoriginsintheeruption.Itrepeatsthetheorythat"RedSea"isamistranslationoftheSeaofReedsamuchshallowerswamp. [E]TheprogrammetellsthestoryofhowMosesledtheHebrewsoutofEgyptafteraseriesofplagueshaddevastatedthecountry.Butitalsousesnewscientificresearchtoarguethatmanyoftheeventssurroundingtheexoduscouldhavebeentriggeredbytheeruptionwhichwouldhavebeenathousandtimesmorepowerfulthananuclearbomb. [F]ComputersimulationsshowthattheSantorinieruptioncouldhavetriggereda600ft-hightidalwavetravelingatabout400milesanhourwhichwouldhavebeen6fthighandahundredmileslongwhenitreachedtheEgyptiandelta.Suchaneventwouldhavebeenrememberedforgenerationsandmayhaveprovidedtheinspirationforthestory. [G]FreshevidencethattheBiblicalplaguesandthepartingoftheRedSeawerenaturaleventsratherthanmythsormiraclesistobepresentedinanewBBCdocumentary. Order: 44
52.Directions: Studythefollowingpiechartscarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould 1describethepiecharts 2analyzetheirmeaningand 3suggestcounter-measures. Youshouldwriteabout160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.
Apairofdicerolledagainandagainwilleventuallyproducetwosixes.Similarlythevirusthatcausesinfluenzaisconstantlychangingatrandomandonedaywillmutateinawaythatwillenableittoinfectbillionsofpeopleandtokillmillions.Manyexpertsnowbelieveaglobaloutbreakofpandemicfluisoverdueandthatthenextonecouldbeasbadastheonein1918whichkilledsomewherebetween25mand50mpeople.Todayhoweveradvancesinmedicineofferrealhopethatanothersuchoutbreakcanbecontained-ifgovernmentsstartpreparingnow. Newresearchpublishedthisweeksuggeststhatarelativelysmallstockpileofanantiviraldrug-aslittleas3mdoses--couldbeenoughtolimitsharplyaflupandemicifthedrugsweredeployedquicklytopeopleintheareasurroundingtheinitialoutbreak.Thedrug’smanufacturerRocheistalkingtotheWorldHealthOrganisationaboutdonatingsuchastockpile. Thisisgoodnews.ButmuchmoreneedstobedoneespeciallywithanastystrainofavianfluspreadinginAsiawhichcouldmutateintoathreattohumans.SincetheSARSoutbreakin2003afewcountrieshavedevelopedplansinpreparationforsimilarepisodes.Butprogresshasbeenshamefullypatchyandthereisstillfartoolittleinternationalcoordination. AglobalstockpileofdrugsalonewouldnotbemuchusewithoutanadequatesystemofsurveillancetoidentifyearlycasesandawayofdeliveringtreatmentquicklyIfanoutbreakoccurredinaborderregionforexampleaswiftresponsewouldmostlikelydependonprioragreementsbetweendifferentcountriesaboutquarantineandcontainment. ReachingsuchagreementsisrarelyeasybutthatmakesthetaskallthemoreurgentRichcountriestendtobebetterpreparedthanpooronesbutthisshouldbenoconsolationtothem.Fludoesnotrespectborders.Itisineveryone’sinteresttomakesurethatdevelopingcountriesespeciallyinAsiaarealsowellprepared.Manymaybridleatinterferencefromoutside.Butifrichernationswerewillingtodonateanti-viraldrugsandguaranteeasupplyofanyvaccinethatbecomesavailablepoorernationsmightbewillingtoreachagreementsoversurveillanceandpreparedness. Simplysortingoutafewdetailsnowwillhavelivesandrecriminationslater.WilltherebeenoughventilatorsmakesanddrugsWherewillpeoplebetreatedifthehospitalsoverflowWillfoodbedeliveredasnormalToomanycountrieshavenoanswerstothesequestions. Accordingtothetextitisupsettingthat
外周耐受
Companieshaveembarkedonwhatlookslikethebeginningsofare-runofthemergersandacquisitionsM&Awavethatdefinedthesecondbubblyhalfofthe1990s.Thatperiodreadersmightrecallwascharacterizedbyacollectivesplurgethatsawthecreationofsomeofthemostindebtedcompaniesinhistorymanyofwhichlaterwentbankruptorwerethemselvesbrokenup.WildbiddingfortelecomsinternetandmediaassetsnottomentionthemadnessthatwasDaimler’s$40billionmotoringtakeoverin1998-1999ofChryslerortheTime-Warner/AOLmega-mergerin2000helpedtogivemergersathoroughlybadname.AconsensusemergedthatM&Awasagreatwayforinvestmentbankstoreaprichfeesandasurewayforambitiousmanagerstobetrayinvestorsbytrashingthevalueoftheirshares. NowM&Aisback.ItsreturnisaglobalphenomenonbutitisperhapsmoststrikinginEuropewheresofarthisyeartherehasbeenastreamofdealsworthmorethan$600billionintotalaround40%higherthaninthesameperiodof2004.ThelatesteffortcamethisweekwhenFrance’sSaint-Gobainabuilding-materialsfirmunveiledthedetailsofits￡3.6billion$6.5billionhostilebidforBPBaBritishrival.Inthefirsthalfoftheyearcross-borderactivitywasupthreefoldoverthesameperiodlastyear.EvenFranceTelecomwhichwasleftalmostbankruptattheendofthelastmergerwaverecentlyboughtAmenaaSpanishmobileoperator. Shareholder’sapprovalofallthesedealsraisesaninterestingquestionforcompanieseverywhereareinvestorsrighttothinkthatthesemergersaremorelikelytosucceedthanearlieronesTherearetwoanswers.Thefirstisthatpastmergersmayhavebeenjudgedtooharshly.ThesecondisthatthepresentrashofEuropeandealsdoeslookmorerationalbut-andthecaveatiscrucial-onlysofar.Thepatternmaynothold. M&A’spoorreputationstemsnotonlyfromthestringofspectacularfailuresinthe1990sbutalsofromstudiesthatshowedvaluedestructionforacquiringshareholdersin80%ofdeals.Butmorerecentstudiesbyeconomistshaveintroducedanoteofcaution.Investorsshouldlookatthenumberofdealsthatsucceedorfailtypicallymeasuredbytheimpactonthesharepriceratherthanasyoumightthinkweighingthembysize.ForexamplenoonedoubtsthattheDaimler-Chryslermergerdestroyedvalue.ThecombinedmarketvalueofthetwofirmsisstillbelowthatofDaimleralonebeforethedeal.ThissingledealaccountedforhalfofallGermanM&Aactivitybyvaluein1998and1999andprobablydominatedpeople’sthinkingaboutmergerstothesamedegree.Throwinafewothersuchmonstersanditisnowonderthatbroadstudieshavetendedtofindthatmergersareabadidea.Thetruepictureismorecomplicated Accordingtothetexttheauthorwouldagreethat
Manycountrieshaveatraditionofinvitingforeignerstorulethem.TheEnglishcalledinWilliamofOrangein1688anddependingonyourinterpretationofhistoryWilliamofNormandyin1066.Bothdidratheragoodjob.ReturningthecomplimentAlbaniaaskedawell-bredEnglishmancalledAubgreyHerberttobetheirkinginthe1920s.Herefused-andtheyendedupwithseveralcovescalledZog. Americathecountryofimmigrantshasnotruckwithimportedforeigntalent.Articletwooftheconstitutionsaysthat"nopersonexceptanatural-borncitizen..shallbeeligibletotheofficeofthepresident".Thisisnowbeingchallengedbyaparticularlyirresistibleimmigrant:ArnoldSchwarzenegger. BarelyayearhaspassedsincetheerstwhilecyborgswepttovictoryinCalifornia’srecallelectionyetthereisalreadyanAmend-for-ArnoldcampaigncollectingsignaturestolettheAustrian-borngovernorhaveagoattheWhiteHouse.GeorgeBushseniorhasweighedinonhisbehalf.Thereareseveral"Arnoldamendments"inCongress.oneallowsforeignerswhohavebeennaturalizedcitizensfor20yearstobecomepresident.TheAustrianbecameAmericanin1983. Itiseasytodismissthehooplaasanotherregrettableexampleofloopycelebritypolitics.Mr.Schwarzeneggerhasmadeadecentstartasgovernorbuthehasdonelittleasyettochangethestructureofhisdysfunctionalstate.IndeedevenifthelawwerechangedhecouldwellbeelbowedasidebyanotherincomerthistimefromCanada.theDemocraticgovernorofMichiganJenniferGranholmwhoappearstohavefewerskeletonsinherclosetthanthehedonisticactor. MoreoverchangingtheAmericanconstitutionisnododdle.Ithashappenedonly17timessince1791whenthefirsttenamendmentswerecodifiedasthebillofrights.Tochangetheconstitutionanamendmenthastobeapprovedbytwo-thirdsofbothhousesofCongressandthentoberatifiedbythree-quartersofthe50states.TheArnoldamendmentishardlyinthesamecategoryasabolishingslaveryorgivingwomenthevote.AndassomewagspointoutAustrianimportshaveaprettydodgyrecordofrunningmilitarysuperpowers Itcanbeinferredfromtheconcludingparagraphthat
宿主的天然抵抗力是
自身免疫病
[A]DrDanielStanleyanoceanographerhasfoundvolcanicshardsinEgyptthathebelievesarelinkedtotheexplosion.ComputersimulationsbyMikeRampinoaclimatemodelerfromNewYorkUniversityshowthattheresultingashcloudcouldhaveplungedtheareaintodarknessaswellasgeneratinglightningandhailtwoofthe10plagues. [B]Thecloudcouldhavealsoreducedtherainfallcausingadrought.IftheNilehadthenbeenpoisonedbytheeffectsoftheeruptionpollutioncouldhaveturneditredashappenedinarecentenvironmentaldisasterinAmerica.Thesamepollutioncouldhavedrivenmillionsoffrogsontothelandthesecondplague.Onlandthefrogswoulddieremovingtheonlyobstacletoanexplosionoffliesandlice-thethirdandfourthplagues.Thefliescouldhavetransmittedfataldiseasestocattlethefifthplagueandboilsandblisterstohumansthesixthplague. [C]MoseswhichwillbebroadcastinDecember2002willsuggestthatmuchoftheBiblestorycanbeexplainedbyasinglenaturaldisasterahugevolcaniceruptionontheGreekislandofSantoriniinthe16thcenturyBC. [D]Thehour-longdocumentaryarguesthateventhestoryofthepartingoftheRedSeawhichallowedMosestoleadtheHebrewstosafetywhilethepursuingEgyptianarmywasdrownedmayhaveitsoriginsintheeruption.Itrepeatsthetheorythat"RedSea"isamistranslationoftheSeaofReedsamuchshallowerswamp. [E]TheprogrammetellsthestoryofhowMosesledtheHebrewsoutofEgyptafteraseriesofplagueshaddevastatedthecountry.Butitalsousesnewscientificresearchtoarguethatmanyoftheeventssurroundingtheexoduscouldhavebeentriggeredbytheeruptionwhichwouldhavebeenathousandtimesmorepowerfulthananuclearbomb. [F]ComputersimulationsshowthattheSantorinieruptioncouldhavetriggereda600ft-hightidalwavetravelingatabout400milesanhourwhichwouldhavebeen6fthighandahundredmileslongwhenitreachedtheEgyptiandelta.Suchaneventwouldhavebeenrememberedforgenerationsandmayhaveprovidedtheinspirationforthestory. [G]FreshevidencethattheBiblicalplaguesandthepartingoftheRedSeawerenaturaleventsratherthanmythsormiraclesistobepresentedinanewBBCdocumentary. Order: 42
白三烯
单克隆抗体
Companieshaveembarkedonwhatlookslikethebeginningsofare-runofthemergersandacquisitionsM&Awavethatdefinedthesecondbubblyhalfofthe1990s.Thatperiodreadersmightrecallwascharacterizedbyacollectivesplurgethatsawthecreationofsomeofthemostindebtedcompaniesinhistorymanyofwhichlaterwentbankruptorwerethemselvesbrokenup.WildbiddingfortelecomsinternetandmediaassetsnottomentionthemadnessthatwasDaimler’s$40billionmotoringtakeoverin1998-1999ofChryslerortheTime-Warner/AOLmega-mergerin2000helpedtogivemergersathoroughlybadname.AconsensusemergedthatM&Awasagreatwayforinvestmentbankstoreaprichfeesandasurewayforambitiousmanagerstobetrayinvestorsbytrashingthevalueoftheirshares. NowM&Aisback.ItsreturnisaglobalphenomenonbutitisperhapsmoststrikinginEuropewheresofarthisyeartherehasbeenastreamofdealsworthmorethan$600billionintotalaround40%higherthaninthesameperiodof2004.ThelatesteffortcamethisweekwhenFrance’sSaint-Gobainabuilding-materialsfirmunveiledthedetailsofits￡3.6billion$6.5billionhostilebidforBPBaBritishrival.Inthefirsthalfoftheyearcross-borderactivitywasupthreefoldoverthesameperiodlastyear.EvenFranceTelecomwhichwasleftalmostbankruptattheendofthelastmergerwaverecentlyboughtAmenaaSpanishmobileoperator. Shareholder’sapprovalofallthesedealsraisesaninterestingquestionforcompanieseverywhereareinvestorsrighttothinkthatthesemergersaremorelikelytosucceedthanearlieronesTherearetwoanswers.Thefirstisthatpastmergersmayhavebeenjudgedtooharshly.ThesecondisthatthepresentrashofEuropeandealsdoeslookmorerationalbut-andthecaveatiscrucial-onlysofar.Thepatternmaynothold. M&A’spoorreputationstemsnotonlyfromthestringofspectacularfailuresinthe1990sbutalsofromstudiesthatshowedvaluedestructionforacquiringshareholdersin80%ofdeals.Butmorerecentstudiesbyeconomistshaveintroducedanoteofcaution.Investorsshouldlookatthenumberofdealsthatsucceedorfailtypicallymeasuredbytheimpactonthesharepriceratherthanasyoumightthinkweighingthembysize.ForexamplenoonedoubtsthattheDaimler-Chryslermergerdestroyedvalue.ThecombinedmarketvalueofthetwofirmsisstillbelowthatofDaimleralonebeforethedeal.ThissingledealaccountedforhalfofallGermanM&Aactivitybyvaluein1998and1999andprobablydominatedpeople’sthinkingaboutmergerstothesamedegree.Throwinafewothersuchmonstersanditisnowonderthatbroadstudieshavetendedtofindthatmergersareabadidea.Thetruepictureismorecomplicated Accordingtothetextacollectiveopiniononthemergersandacquisitionsalsoconcentrateson
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